| characteristics of the non-occluded form of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | non-occluded virions of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the alfalfa looper, autographa californica, found in the medium of cell cultures of infected fall armyworm, spodopter frugiperda, and in the hemolymph of infected s. frugiperda larvae were partially characterized by biological, chemical and physical methods. also, the rate of appearance of the virions was studied in cell culture and the host insect to determine maximum virion production. virions obtained from both sources were heat-sensitiv ... | 1975 | 343 |
| purification of free polyhedrosis virus infecting galleria mellonella l. | free galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus was purified 4000--4500 times by tween-80 treatment and repeated sucrose density gradient centrifugation, based on the ratio of infectivity to protein content as compared to the starting virus-containing suspension. | 1977 | 17285 |
| immunochemical characterization of lymantri dispar npv hemagglutinin: protein-carbohydrate interaction. | the agglutination of chicken erythrocytes by lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin has been shown to provide specific virus identification. selected mono- and oligosaccharides, present in blood group substances, were assayed by the land-steiner hapten inhibition technique for specific inhibition of polyhedrin hemagglutination. n-acetylgalactosamine and n-acetylglucosamine inhibit to the greatest extent; galactosamine, glucosamine and fucose to a lesser extent. the hapten inhibit ... | 1978 | 22517 |
| characterization and serology of the matrix protein from a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of trichoplusia ni before and after degradation by an endogenous proteinase. | the intact matrix protein from a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of the cabbage looper (trichoplusia ni), isolated after inhibition of an endogenous serine-type proteinase, was further purified by molecular-sieve chromatography. the matrix protein was associated with carbohydrate moieties, and the carbohydrate content was determined for the two major peptides isolated after proteolysis by the endogenous proteinase. the association-dissociation interactions of the intact and proteinase-hydrolysed mono ... | 1977 | 23107 |
| gypsy moth cell lines divergent in viral susceptibility. i. culture and identification. | a series of cell lines unique in insect virus susceptibility pattern have been isolated from the ovaries of the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar: lepidoptera: lymantriidae) on a synthetic medium with mammalian and avian serum supplementation. growth curves showed the poorest growth occurring on peptone-based media with somewhat better growth on amino-acid-based media. the best growth was obtained with combined media. serological study distinguished the present cell lines from one another and from ce ... | 1978 | 79542 |
| [detection of carriers of latent nuclear polyhedrosis virus in natural populations of the gypsy moth lymantria dispar l. (lepidoptera, family lymantriidae)]. | | 1977 | 140992 |
| structural studies on the polyhedral inclusion bodies, virions, and dna of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the cotton bollworm heliothis zea. | the polyhedral inclusion body of the cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus contains virions occluded in an orthogonal crystalline matrix. the virions appear as rods or, more frequently, as oval structures that form upon bending of the nucleocapsid within the viral membrane. the nucleocapsid consists at least of dna surrounded by a capsid composed of subunits, possibly helically arranged. the viral dna is circular and supercoiled. it is heterogenous in size with contour lengths ranging from ... | 1977 | 319251 |
| supercoiled dna of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of galleria mellonella l. | supercoiled infectious dna was isolated from nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting great wax moth galleria mellonella l.) covalently closed dna molecules constitute approximately 10--30 per cent in our preparations. these molecules dissappear during storage. electron micrographs of supercoiled and open circular molecules are presented. length of the open rings is about 50--52 micron. infectivity of different dna forms is discussed. | 1977 | 322646 |
| a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for polyhedron protein from baculoviruses. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay has been developed for detecting polyhedron protein of wiseana spp. nuclear polyhedrosis virus (w.npv) using antigen fixed to plastic microtiter wells. the direct assay using 125i-labeled rabbit immunoglobulins could detect 0.2 microng of polyhedron protein, and the indirect method using 125i-labeled sheep antirabbit immunoglobulins could detect 0.05 microng of polyhedron protein. antibodies against w.npv polyhedron protein could be detected using a competition ass ... | 1977 | 323188 |
| envelopment of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the oriental tussock moth, euproctis subflava. | | 1977 | 324116 |
| [dissolution of polyhedra of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the leatherjacket tipula paludosa meig. ultrastructural study of the virion (author's transl)]. | the inclusion bodies of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of t. paludosa meig. were purified by sucrose density gradients, their morphology described using scanning electron microscopy, and the conditions for their solubilization investigated. these inclusions known to be unusually resistant to dissolution, were successfully dissolved in conditions maintaining the integrety of the virus particles by using a 0.125 m sodium thioglycolate + 0.125 m sodium bicarbonate solution, ph 10.5. the virions ext ... | 1977 | 324439 |
| cytoplasmic budding of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and comparative ultrastructural studies of envelopes. | | 1977 | 329061 |
| autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: comparative infectivity of the occluded, alkali-liberated, and nonoccluded forms. | | 1977 | 336795 |
| modification of trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus passaged in vivo. | a designated strain of plaque-purified trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) was used to initiate a serial passage series in vivo. the virulence of polyhedra inclusion bodies (pib) and the distribution of mp (many pib) and fp (few pib) strains in hemolymph were monitored. when virus was passaged per os as pib, there was no major change in virulence after 15 passes in insects. plaque analysis of hemolymph from the infected insects indicated that there was no selection for the fp strain ... | 1978 | 338547 |
| altered phenotypic expression of ultraviolet-irradiated nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | uv (254 nm) irradiation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus results in formation of small plaques. the small-plaque effect is reversed by photoreactivation. analysis of plaque formation kinetics indicates a slower formation and subsequent enlargement of plaques from uv-irradiated virus in comparison to non-irradiated virus. a delay in viral dna synthesis is suggested as an explanation for the observed small-plaque effect. | 1978 | 344266 |
| replication of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a continuous cell line of spodoptera frugiperda: partial characterization of the viral dna, comparative dna-dna hybridization, and patterns of dna synthesis. | | 1978 | 351928 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis to distinguish two closely related nuclear polyhedrosis viruses: autographa californica mnpv and trichoplusia ni mnpv. | restriction endonuclease fragment patterns of the deoxyribonucleic acid genomes of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (multiply embedded type) and trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (multiply embedded type) demonstrate that the two viruses are distinct but closely related variants. | 1978 | 354530 |
| epizootiology of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in european spruce sawfly (gilpinia hercyniae): the rate of passage of infective virus through the gut of birds during cage tests. | | 1978 | 355558 |
| immunoperoxidase detection of baculovirus antigens in insect cells. | the sequence of events in the infection of tn-368-10 and tn-368-13 cells by autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) was investigated by using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. antisera raised against enveloped nucleocapsids detected homologous antigens at 6 to 8 h post infection which was about 2 h before the appearance of both intracellular and extracellular infectious virus. similar tests using polyhedrin antiserum showed that polyhedrin is first synthesized at 12 h p ... | 1978 | 357682 |
| isolation of genotypic variants of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mnpv) isolated from a lepidopteran (noctuidae) insect, autographa californica, was cloned by successive plaque purification using virions containing only one nucleocapsid per envelope as inoculum. the ability to clone the virus by this method was demonstrated by the isolation of nondefective, genotypic variants of the virus with similar but not identical restriction endonuclease fragment patterns. five distinct variants were identified by genotypic analysis with hin ... | 1978 | 359831 |
| [size of the genome of the bee wax moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus]. | | 1978 | 364252 |
| characterization of the dna from four heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates. | | 1978 | 364822 |
| autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus structural proteins compared from in vivo and in vitro sources. | polyhedrin obtained from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) was apparently not modified in terms of primary structure after passage through alternate host systems, both in vivo and in vitro, as investigated by two-dimensional, high-voltage electrophoresis of tryptic digests of this protein as well as amino acid analysis. n-terminal analyses were conducted using an improved technique which showed proline to be the n-terminal amino acid. in addition, passage of enveloped nu ... | 1979 | 372131 |
| characterization of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna of adoxophyes orana and of barathra brassicae. | | 1979 | 373235 |
| macromolecular structure of nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome. | dna preparations from nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) of galleria mellonella l. (gml) were fractionated in high ionic strength neutral sucrose gradient. this procedure allowed a separation of supercoiled infectious dna molecules with contour length of 48--52 microns from infectious open ring dna molecule, and noninfectious linear dna molecules of the same size. in addition a heterogeneity of supercoiled dna molecules was detected. covalently closed dna molecules did not contain protein or ribon ... | 1979 | 378185 |
| [protein metabolic change in the tissues of aporia crataegi l. under the action of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus]. | changes in protein metabolism in the hemolymph, fat body, intestine, and gonads of aporia crataegi l. caterpilars under the influence of nuclear polyhedrosis virus were studied. electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to study acid and basic proteins of insect tissues normally and after virus infection. the virus infection was shown to result in sharp changes of the protein spectrum of various tissues and organs, particularly 3 days after infection. the main changes consisted in the loss ... | 1979 | 380164 |
| a study of two species of fish inoculated with spruce budworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | preliminary studies conducted on rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) and white suckers (castostomus commersoni) exposed to spruce budworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus revealed minor histopathologic changes in various organs of each fish which were interpreted as not being significant. however, an evaluation (mean values) of the total changes in groups of fish suggested that a relationship may exist in the suckers exposed to either purified polyhedra or virions. a more extensive and definitive study mu ... | 1979 | 384027 |
| interference with polyhedral inclusion body (pib) production in trichoplusia ni cells infected with a high passage strain of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv). brief report. | trichoplusia ni cells infected with a low passage (lp) strain of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) produce large numbers of polyhedral inclusion bodies (pibs). interference with pib production occurs when t. ni cells are first inoculated with a high passage (hp) strain and then challenged with the lp strain. pib production is reduced 100 fold to the level seen with hp virus infection only. | 1979 | 389204 |
| non-occluded particles of nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting galleria mellonella l.: titration in vivo and in vitro. brief report. | infectivity of non-occluded particles of nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting galleria mellonella l. was determined with bioassay technique in vivo and with plaque assay method in vitro using scld 135 (quiot) established cell culture. a plaque-forming virus unit corresponds to about 50 id50 for galleria larvae injected into hemocoel for non-cloned and 0.1-1.0 id50 for a virus isolate cloned from an infective plaque. | 1979 | 391180 |
| [ultracytological studies of the morphogenesis and structure of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus in the silkworm moth, bombyx mori l]. | an electron-microscopic investigation was made on hypodermal tissues of silkworms spontaneously infested by nuclear polyhedral disease, due to low temperature stress. it was established that the polyhedral virus is formed in the viroplasma produced after viral cell infection, is included in the intimate and developing membrane singly or in fascicles containing several (up to 9) and is finally incapsulated in polyhedral protein. besides viral rods, various polymorphic forms were observed in the n ... | 1979 | 392906 |
| serological studies on virions and polyhedron protein of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. | | 1977 | 404757 |
| interaction of bacillus thuringiensis and nuclear polyhedrosis virus in spodoptera exigua. | | 1975 | 773648 |
| strain selection during serial passage of trichoplusia in nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | two strains of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) of trichoplusia ni were isolated on the basis of plaque morphology. they are designated as mp (having greater than 30 polyhedra per nucleus) and fp (having fewer than 10 polyhedra per nucleus). serial, undiluted passage of plaque, purified mp nonoccluded. virus (nov) in tissue culture led to the production of the fp phenotype detectable at passage 9. with continued serial, undiluted passage, fp became the predominant strain. comparative growth cu ... | 1976 | 775129 |
| [trypsin peptides of the polyhedral protein from the b. mori virus of nuclear polyhedrosis]. | amino acid composition, partial or complete sequence of 43 tryptic peptides of pelyhedral protein of nuclear polyhedrosis virus is investigated. these peptides include 327 amino acid residues. there are 28 peptides with unique sequences containing 240 amino acid residues. it conforms to polypeptide chain molecular weight ca. 28000 and coincides with earlier reported data on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | 1976 | 776233 |
| comparative ultrastructural studies of insect granulosis and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. | optical diffraction studies indicated that the periodic lattice structure in electron micrographs of the capsids of two granulosis and two nuclear polyhedrosis viruses were indistinguishable. the capsid is composed of stacked rings spaced 4-5 nm apart. comparison of the intracellular forms of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus with negatively stained virus particles leads to encourage the more general use of the term 'capsid' instead of 'intimate membrane' and the term 'virus membrane' in pl ... | 1976 | 778335 |
| [activation of the latent nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a natural population of hawthorn white (aporia crataegi l.) caterpillar by treating apple leaves with double superphosphate]. | | 1976 | 781490 |
| comparative studies of baculovirus granulins and polyhedrins. | granulins and polyhedrins from five baculoviruses exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. although similarities are demonstrated, it has been shown that each of the proteins is different and apparently specific to a given virus. the granulins and polyhedrins exhibit a major polypeptide component of an estimated molecular weight of 28,000. alkaline protease activity has been detected in each preparation. n-terminal analyses reflect differences between granulins and polyhedrins studied: ... | 1975 | 786939 |
| occluded and nonoccluded nuclear polyhedrosis virus grown in trichoplusia ni: comparative neutralization comparative infectivity, and in vitro growth studies. | nuclear polyhedrosis virus infections of lepidopteran cells often result in the production of both occluded and nonoccluded virus. the characterization of these two different forms has been the subject of several papers. we have divided the nonoccluded virus (nov) category further into plasma membrane-budded non-occluded virus (pmb-nov), intracellular nov, and hemolymph-derived nov, and have done additional studies investigating the differences between these nonoccluded forms and the alkali-libe ... | 1976 | 787558 |
| nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in permanent cell lines of the cabbage moth (mamestra brassicae l.). | | 1976 | 787805 |
| [possible outside root application of inorganic fertilizers activating latent nuclear polyhedrosis virus to apple trees for aporia crataegi l. (lepidoptera: pieridae) control]. | | 1976 | 794643 |
| [multiplication of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the honeycomb moth in gypsy moth cell cultures]. | | 1976 | 796635 |
| [isolation and characteristics of fragments from the cyanogen bromide splitting of inclusion body proteins of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus]. | the cyanogen bromide cleavage of "acetic" polyhedral protein from nuclear polyhedrosis virus of b. mori was performed. two peptides brcn-ii and brcn-ii' which consist of 29 and 34 amino acid residue were isolated from a mixture of cyanogen bromide fragments. the amino acid composition and n-terminal amino acids were established. the tryptic proteolysis of these fragments was conducted and the tryptic peptides were separated. the amino acid composition of tryptic peptides was determined. the data ... | 1976 | 797077 |
| [fractionation and amino-acid composition of acid-soluble trypsin of inclusion bodies protein of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of moth, galleria mellonella]. | a mixture of ph 3.5-soluble trypsin peptides of inclusion bodies proteins of moth nuclear polyedrosis virus was fractionated by means of ionic exchange chromatography on dowex 50x2 and purified by paper electrophoresis-chromatography. 32 peptides are isolated, their amino acid composition being studied. | 1976 | 799518 |
| the effects of inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis on the replication of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cultured spodoptera frugiperda cells. | the effects of inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis on the replication of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus have been determined. two inhibitors of protein synthesis-cycloheximide and puromycin-were irreversible inhibitors of virus multiplication. three inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis-actinomycin d, cytosine arabinoside and camptothecin- prevented virus multiplication; only camptothecin was reversible. rifampicin had no effect on virus multiplication. | 1976 | 799627 |
| [secondary structure of the polyhedral protein of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of bombyx mori and some of its fragments]. | the secondary structure of polyhedral protein of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of bombyx mori and some of its fragments has been investigated by circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion. it has been shown that the protein contains 6% alpha-helices and 26% beta-structures at ph 10.5. the conversion of beta-pleated sheets to alpha-helices after the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate was observed. a correlation between the number of alpha-helices in the fragment brcn-v and its ability ... | 1976 | 802784 |
| evaluation of heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a cottonseed oil bait for control of heliothis virescens and h. zea on cotton. | | 1975 | 1089686 |
| serial passage of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm, bombyx mori, in larvae of rice stem borer, chilo suppressalis. | | 1975 | 1089731 |
| a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of bellura gortynoides (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | | 1975 | 1089732 |
| effect of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus on the realtionship between trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and the parasite, hyposoter exiguae (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | | 1975 | 1089733 |
| ultraviolet light activation of insect nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | | 1975 | 1089898 |
| serological relationship of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. i. hemagglutination by polyhedral inclusion body protein from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of porthetria (equal to lymantria) dispar. | | 1975 | 1090680 |
| studies on the arrangement patterns of nucleocapsids within the envelopes of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus in the fat-body cells of the brown tail moth, euproctis similis. | | 1975 | 1097536 |
| in vitro cultivation of testicular cysts of the greater wax moth and multiplication of the associated nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | | 1975 | 1097537 |
| invasion of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in midgut of the armyworm, pseudaletia unipuncta, and the enhancement of a synergistic enzyme. | | 1975 | 1097539 |
| isolation of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus by physical and immunological techniques. | procedures are described for the separation and purification of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses obtained from multiply infected heliothis armigera larvae. separation was achieved by differential centrifugation and density gradient zone electrophoresis followed by complexing with nuclear polyhedrosis virus specific antibody. the yield of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus was increased by passage in larvae reared on synthetic media. | 1975 | 1098037 |
| purification and properties of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from choristoneura fumiferana. | the polyhedral inclusion bodies of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the spruce budworm choristoneura fumiferana were purified by fluorocarbon treatment, sucrose columns, sucrose density gradients, and equilibrium centrifugation. the preparation yields a single and homogeneous band in potassium tartrate gradients at a density of 1.193 g/ml. the virions were released from the polyhedra by alkali treatment and purified by either rate zonal or equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose gradients. the pu ... | 1975 | 1100209 |
| degradation of matrix protein from a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of trichoplusia ni by an endogenous protease. | | 1975 | 1103444 |
| nuclear polyhedrosis virus detection: relative capabilities of clones developed from trichoplusia ni ovarian cell line tn-368 to serve as indicator cells in a plaque assay. | cloned cell lines from the established trichoplusia ni line tn-368 appear to differ from one another in their relative capabilities to serve as plaque assay indicator cell lines for autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. although there seems to be little correlation between their relative generation times and their efficiency in supporting plaque formation as indicator cell lines, there does seem to be a relationship within a given line between its capability to serve as an indicator ... | 1975 | 1104895 |
| replication of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a continuous cell culture of spodoptera frugiperda: microscopy study of the sequence of events of the virus infection. | a microscopy study of the sequence of morphogenic events of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection of s. frugiperda cells is presented which orders the sequence of replication and establishes the time scale within which the events occur. the virus entered the cell by 1 h postinfection and was uncoated. the eclipse period was 9 h and the latent period was 12 h. polyhedron formation was detected by 18 h postinfection and continued until the deposition of the polyhedron membrane ... | 1975 | 1107597 |
| in vitro transactivation of baculovirus early genes by nuclear extracts from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells. | nuclear extracts, prepared from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells during a time course of infection, were analyzed for activation of early gene transcription and for late gene transcription. the templates used in the in vitro transcription assays contained promoters for baculovirus genes that have been classified as immediate early, delayed early, and late. the promoters were derived from the baculovirus 39k, p26, gp64, and dna polymerase gene ... | 1992 | 1316463 |
| physical and functional interaction of human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase and its accessory protein (icp36) expressed in insect cells. | expression of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) (ad169) dna polymerase gene under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells has provided a source of highly active cmv dna polymerase. in extracts from cmv-infected cells, the cmv dna polymerase is found strongly associated with an additional polypeptide, icp36. this protein has been identified as the cmv homolog of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul42 gene produc ... | 1992 | 1318399 |
| expression of feline leukaemia virus gp85 and gag proteins and assembly into virus-like particles using the baculovirus expression vector system. | in order to test components of feline leukaemia virus (felv) as subunit vaccines, we have constructed recombinant baculoviruses that express the felv envelope glycoprotein gp85 [autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv)-gp85] and the structural protein, gag (acnpvgag). the gag protein is expressed and shed into the medium of infected cells as particles which have a buoyant density on sucrose gradients and appearance by electron microscopy similar to those of authentic felv virion ... | 1992 | 1321215 |
| expression in insect cells and immune reactivity of a 28k tegument protein of human cytomegalovirus. | the gene encoding the highly antigenic 28k (pp28) tegument phosphoprotein of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was expressed in insect cells utilizing a recombinant baculovirus. the mature intracellular form of the recombinant-derived pp28 had mobility on sds-polyacrylamide gels similar to that of native pp28 from hcmv strain towne-infected human foreskin fibroblasts (hffs). in vitro labelling of recombinant autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells or of h ... | 1992 | 1328492 |
| sequence, genomic organization of the ecori-a fragment of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, and identification of a viral-encoded protein resembling the outer capsid protein vp8 of rotavirus. | we present the sequence and genomic organization of the ecori-a fragment of the autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus, which represents 11% of the acmnpv genome. fifteen putative open reading frames and their respective amino acid sequences are described. one open reading frame is similar to the vp8 protein of rotavirus. | 1992 | 1333113 |
| stimulation of thymidine kinase activity in baculovirus infected cells is not due to a virus-coded enzyme. | a polyhedrin-positive recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) carrying a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene under the control of the synxiv promoter, a fusion of synthetic and linker-modified polyhedrin promoters, has been constructed. when this recombinant baculovirus was used to infect a variant of spodoptera frugiperda cells deficient in thymidine kinase (tk-), a high level of tk activity was detected. these results, in conjunction with the demonstration ... | 1992 | 1333755 |
| replication inhibition by nucleoside analogues of a recombinant autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus harboring the herpes thymidine kinase gene driven by the ie-1(0) promoter: a new way to select recombinant baculoviruses. | the expression of the thymidine-thymidylate kinase (hsv1-tk), (atp: thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase; ec 2.7.1.21) of herpes simplex virus type 1 endows the host cell with a conditional lethal phenotype which depends on the presence of nucleoside analogues metabolized by this enzyme into toxic inhibitors of dna replication. to generate a recombinant baculovirus that could be selected against by nucleoside analogs, the hsv1-tk coding sequence was placed under the control of the autographa californ ... | 1992 | 1335569 |
| expression and characterization of kinase-active v-erbb protein using a baculovirus vector system. | the v-erbb gene is an oncogene of the avian erythroblastosis virus encoding a protein that is a truncated version of the epidermal growth factor receptor. the v-erbb protein was expressed alone or as polyhedrin-erbb fusion proteins using the bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus vector. the expression level of the fusion protein whose polyhedrin portion consisted of only 8 amino-terminal amino acids was more than ten times higher than that of the non-fusion protein. studies with tunicamycin sho ... | 1992 | 1347525 |
| expression of recombinant acetylcholinesterase in a baculovirus system: kinetic properties of glutamate 199 mutants. | the glycophospholipid-linked, amphiphilic form of acetylcholinesterase (ache) from torpedo californica and the hydrophilic form from mouse were overexpressed in sf9 insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. recombinant baculovirus, constructed by inserting ache cdna's into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedron promoter, yielded recombinant enzyme varying between 0.5 and 3.8 mg/l. the recombinant enzyme was glycosylated altho ... | 1992 | 1356436 |
| the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome includes a papain-like sequence. | the published dna sequence that includes the gene for the envelope glycoprotein gp67 of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus also contains a segment that shows 32% amino acid identity to papain, a cysteine endopeptidase from the papaya plant (carica papaya). the viral papain-like sequence is apparently affected by a frame-shift mutation, but otherwise appears capable of encoding a functional enzyme. catalytically essential amino acids appear to be conserved, as do di ... | 1992 | 1363350 |
| continuous production of baculovirus in a cascade of insect-cell reactors. | insect cells (spodoptera frugiperda) were cultured in a continuous stirred-tank reactor. the effluent was led to a cascade of another two reactors, each containing half the volume of the cell-growth reactor, where the cells were infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. for about 10 days production of 10(7) polyhedra (virus particles embedded in a protein capsule) per cm3 was achieved. this short production time compared to previous experiments involving an analogous syste ... | 1990 | 1366563 |
| multistage production of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in insect cell cultures. | the aim of our study was to establish an efficient system for the in vitro production of the insect pathogenic autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a spodoptera frugiperda cell line. we optimized cultivation conditions for cell proliferation as well as for virus replication in a 1.5 litre stirred tank bioreactor. cell and virus propagation were found to be optimal at a constant oxygen tension of 40%. in order to provide sufficient nutrients during virus synthesis filtration and p ... | 1990 | 1366992 |
| dna distribution and respiratory activity of spodoptera frugiperda populations infected with wild-type and recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | spodoptera frugiperda cells were infected with a wild-type autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and with a recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. the recombinant virus was derived from the wild-type virus and produced beta-galactosidase instead of polyhedrin. the changes in cell size, cell growth, viability, dna distribution, and respiratory activity were followed through the time course of the infection. the dna content as measured by flow cytometry of infec ... | 1990 | 1367465 |
| continuous beta-galactosidase production with a recombinant baculovirus insect-cell system in bioreactors. | insect cells were exploited to produce bacterial beta-galactosidase by infecting them with a recombinant nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus) of autographa californica. the insect cells were cultured in a continuous stirred tank reactor (cstr) and led to a second cstr where they were infected with a recombinant virus in which the lacz gene from escherichia coli was inserted. in the effluent of the production reactor, maximum activities of 15 units beta-galactosidase per 10(6) cells were meas ... | 1992 | 1367985 |
| production of recombinant proteins by baculovirus-infected gypsy moth cells. | an experimental study was undertaken to evaluate alternative insect cell lines to sf9 [from spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)] for the production of recombinant proteins. insect cell lines from two different organisms were considered: iplb-ldeita (ldeita) from lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) and iplb-hvt1 (hvt1) from heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm). both ldeita and hvt1 produced higher total activity levels of recombinant beta-galactosidase in monolayer culture than sf9 after infection w ... | 1991 | 1367995 |
| purification and refolding of recombinant human igf ii from silkworms infected with recombinant bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | we have reported that insulin-like growth factor ii (igf ii) was produced as a fusion protein in bombyx mori (silkworm) larval bodies infected with recombinant b. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus [j. gen. virol., 68, 2599-2606 (1987)]. in this study, the purification of igf ii from the infected silkworms is reported. the fusion protein was extracted with 6.0 m guanidine-hcl from the infected larval bodies homogenized in water. the use of organic solvents to remove the impurities, such as lipid de ... | 1992 | 1368125 |
| a sensitive model system for in vivo monitoring of baculovirus gene expression in single infected insect cells. | we have developed a fast and sensitive system for the in vivo analysis of gene expression in baculovirus infected lepidopteran insect cells. a recombinant baculovirus containing a luciferase gene from the click beetle, pyrophorus plagiophthalamus, under transcriptional regulation of the polyhedrin gene promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was used to infect a spodoptera frugiperda cell line. recombinant luciferase could be monitored by luminometry in real-time wi ... | 1992 | 1368236 |
| baculovirus expression of alkaline phosphatase as a reporter gene for evaluation of production, glycosylation and secretion. | we have devised a simple and efficient baculovirus expression vector system to evaluate insect tissue culture cells for their capacity to express, glycosylate and secrete foreign proteins. a truncated placental alkaline phosphatase (seap) gene was inserted into the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) genome under the transcriptional control of the polyhedrin gene promoter. production levels, glycosylation, and secretion of the recombinant protein were examined in trichoplu ... | 1992 | 1368794 |
| high level expression of a frog alpha-amidating enzyme, ae-ii, in cultured cells and silkworm larvae using a bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus expression vector. | a xenopus laevis peptidyl c-terminal alpha-amidating enzyme (ae-ii) gene, modified by deletion of a region encoding the putative membrane-spanning domain and the putative c-terminal cytosolic tail, was expressed in bomo-15 aiic insect cells and silkworm larvae using a bombyx mori baculovirus expression vector system. the expressed enzyme was identified predominantly in the culture medium and the hemolymph of silkworm larvae, indicating successful secretion of the expressed ae-ii. the level of re ... | 1992 | 1368810 |
| antibody production in silkworm cells and silkworm larvae infected with a dual recombinant bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | we have examined the efficiency of coexpression of two heterologous genes from a recombinant bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus for the production of antibodies in silkworm larvae. the cdnas encoding the light and the heavy chains of a murine immunoglobulin, directed against lipoprotein i of pseudomonas aeruginosa, were brought under the control of two separate copies of the viral polyhedrin promotor. infection of silkworm cells with the recombinant baculovirus yielded a maximum of 6.4 micro ... | 1992 | 1368987 |
| screening of insect cell lines for the production of recombinant proteins and infectious virus in the baculovirus expression system. | eight cell lines derived from the insects spodoptera frugiperda, trichoplusia ni, mamestra brassicae, and estigmene acrea were evaluated for recombinant beta-galactosidase and infectious virus production following infection with the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv). production was assessed on a specific (per cell and per microgram of uninfected cellular protein) and on a volumetric (per milliliter) basis. cell density was found to be an important fa ... | 1992 | 1369220 |
| the baculovirus-integrated retrotransposon ted encodes gag and pol proteins that assemble into viruslike particles with reverse transcriptase. | ted is a lepidopteran retrotransposon found inserted within the dna genome of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus mutant, fp-d. to examine the proteins and functions encoded by this representative of the gypsy family of retrotransposons, the gag- and pol-like open reading frames (orfs 1 and 2) were expressed in homologous lepidopteran cells by using recombinant baculovirus vectors. expression of orf 1 resulted in synthesis of an abundant ted-specific protein (pr55gag) that asse ... | 1992 | 1371168 |
| expression of foreign epitopes on recombinant occlusion bodies of baculoviruses. | recombinant polyhedrin proteins of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were constructed to serve as immunologic carriers of foreign epitopes. several recombinants containing an influenza haemagglutinin epitope were obtained. three of the five recombinants formed occlusion bodies (obs) and two did not. all of the recombinant polyhedrin proteins reacted with a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for an influenza epitope in western blots. presentation of the foreign epi ... | 1992 | 1373262 |
| expression of the major core antigen vp7 of african horsesickness virus by a recombinant baculovirus and its use as a group-specific diagnostic reagent. | the major core protein, vp7, of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4), the aetiological agent of a recent outbreak of the disease in southern europe, was expressed in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing a cloned copy of the relevant ahsv gene (s7). analyses of its biochemical and antigenic properties confirmed the authenticity of the protein expressed. the high-level expression of vp7 under the control of the strong polyhedrin promoter of autographa californ ... | 1992 | 1378881 |
| presentation of hepatitis b virus pres2 epitope on bluetongue virus core-like particles. | a chimeric protein containing most of the hepatitis b virus pres2 region (amino acid residues 1-48) upstream to, and colinear with the amino-terminus of bluetongue virus vp7 protein (pres2-vp7) was expressed by a recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). the chimeric protein formed btv core-like particles (clps) in spodoptera frugiperda cells only when the cells were coinfected with this recombinant virus and a recombinant baculovirus that expresses unmodified vp7 an ... | 1992 | 1381538 |
| potential role of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/je in monocyte/macrophage-dependent iga immune complex alveolitis in the rat. | we have examined the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp 1) in the pathogenesis of monocyte/macrophage-dependent iga immune complex alveolitis in the rat. rat mcp 1 was cloned and expressed in order to facilitate analysis of its function in rat models of human disease. a cdna library was constructed from rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells stimulated with tnf-alpha. the cdna library was screened with synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on the recently published rat mcp 1 cdna s ... | 1992 | 1387671 |
| improved efficiency in determining the titer of the autographa californica baculovirus nonoccluded virus. | an economical and time-efficient method for titering the autographa californica multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) by the endpoint method is described. the method uses an electronic pipetting device to perform dilutions in the same 60-well microplate as is used for the assay, thus eliminating the need for test tubes or vials for making dilutions. additionally, since small volumes are used for the dilutions, a substantial savings in medium is achieved. the effect of using three ... | 1992 | 1389161 |
| biochemical characterization and time-course analysis of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus with monoclonal antibodies. | hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to a 31,000 molecular weight viral protein or a 31,000 molecular weight polyhedrin protein of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldnpv) were developed. the two polypeptides were shown to be different by comparing their amino acid compositions. immuno-electron microscopy was used to verify specific binding of the mabs to their respective targets. specific mabs were used to develop an elisa procedure to monitor the deve ... | 1992 | 1393827 |
| characterization of a baculovirus gene encoding a small conotoxinlike polypeptide. | we identified a gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) that encodes a small cysteine-rich polypeptide which has size and sequence similarity to omega-conotoxins, a class of calcium ion (ca2+) channel inhibitors, found in the venom of cone snails. transcriptional analysis indicated that the 159-bp open reading frame, which we named ctl, and a downstream 984-bp open reading frame are transcribed as a single 1.3-kb bicistronic late rna. the mature ctl gene product was id ... | 1992 | 1404603 |
| baculovirus gp64 envelope glycoprotein is sufficient to mediate ph-dependent membrane fusion. | the baculovirus gp64 envelope glycoprotein is a major component of the envelope of the budded virus (bv) and is involved in bv entry into the host cell by endocytosis. to determine whether gp64 alone was sufficient to mediate membrane fusion, the orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus gp64 protein was transiently expressed in uninfected insect cells. cells expressing the baculovirus gp64 protein were examined for membrane fusion activity by using a syncytium formation assay ... | 1992 | 1404622 |
| hyperexpression of baculovirus polyhedrin and p10 is inversely correlated with actin synthesis. | polyhedrin and p10, two proteins encoded by autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus, are hyperexpressed very late during normal infections. in this study we found that cytochalasin d, a drug that leads to increased actin synthesis in infected and uninfected host cells, delayed the amplified expression of polyhedrin and p10 when added to infected cells before hyperexpression was already in progress. restoration of polyhedrin and p10 hyperexpression could be achieved by removal of the ... | 1992 | 1413514 |
| identification of bent dna and ars fragments in the genome of choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | we identified four cfmnpv dna fragments with autonomously replicating sequences (ars) functional in saccharomyces cerevisiae. a 0.9-kb fragment which, mapped to 54.5 to 55.3 map units within ecori hi of the cfmnpv genome, showed the strongest ars activity of the four. sequence analysis of this 0.9-kb dna segment revealed an a+t-rich region separated from a g+c-rich region by 320 bp. although no sequence matched exactly the ars core-consensus sequence, 13 near-matches differing by only one or two ... | 1992 | 1413988 |
| purification of pancreatic cholesterol esterase expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected sf9 cells. | a cdna clone encoding the entire coding sequence of rat pancreatic cholesterol esterase (bile salt-stimulated lipase) was subcloned into the baculovirus transfer vector pvl1392 and used to co-transfect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells with wild-type autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna. two recombinant proteins (m(r) 74 kda and 64 kda) reactive with anti-cholesterol esterase igg were produced and secreted by the infected sf9 cells in large quantities in a time-de ... | 1992 | 1422214 |
| recombinant laminin b1 chains exhibit intact short-arm domains but do not form oligomeric molecules. | the human laminin b1 chain has been produced in the baculovirus expression system in sufficient amounts for biochemical and functional studies. a full-length cdna, which was constructed of four partially overlapping clones and verified by in vitro transcription and translation to be functional, was cloned into the transfer vector pvl1392 behind the polyhedrin promoter. the recombinant construct was incorporated by in vivo homologous recombination into the genome of the wild-type baculovirus, aut ... | 1992 | 1425664 |
| expression of cauliflower mosaic virus orf ii in a baculovirus system. | the cauliflower mosaic virus orf ii encoding the aphid transmission factor (atf) was mutagenized to introduce a bamhi restriction site upstream from the initiation codon and then cloned into an eukaryotic viral expression vector (autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus). all recombinant viruses tested in spodoptera frugiperda (sf21) cells expressed a protein of about 18 kd which comigrated in page with atf from infected plants. western blotting using an oligopeptide antiserum to atf co ... | 1992 | 1428752 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the polyhedrin gene of spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the nucleotide sequence of a 1.1 kbp fragment of the multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mnpv) of spodoptera exigua (se) containing the polyhedrin gene was determined. an open reading frame (orf) of 738 nucleotides (nt) was detected. this orf encoded a protein of 246 amino acids with a predicted m(r) of 29k. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences were compared with the sequences of eight other npv polyhedrins. the semnpv polyhedrin protein was most closely related to s. frugiperda ... | 1992 | 1431809 |
| enhancement of polyhedrin nuclear localization during baculovirus infection. | polyhedrin is the major component of the nuclear viral occlusions produced during replication of the baculovirus autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv). since viral occlusions are responsible for the horizontal transmission of acmnpv in nature, the biosynthesis, localization, and assembly of polyhedrin are important events in the viral replication cycle. we recently defined the sequence requirements for nuclear localization and assembly of polyhedrin. in this stud ... | 1992 | 1433499 |
| baculovirus phosphoprotein pp31 is associated with virogenic stroma. | the psti k fragment of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) encodes a protein with a molecular weight of 31,000. to define the role of this protein (pp31) in virus infection further, it was overexpressed in bacteria and used to produce polyclonal antiserum. radioimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated that pp31 was synthesized during both the early and late phases of virus infection, consistent with previous analyses indicating that the gene was regulated by tandem early and ... | 1992 | 1433508 |
| promoter influence on baculovirus-mediated gene expression in permissive and nonpermissive insect cell lines. | the activities of viral and insect promoters were examined in a range of insect cell lines permissive and nonpermissive for the replication of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. recombinant baculoviruses were constructed to place the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene under the control of promoters strongly active in the early, late, or very late stages of virus replication. in fully permissive cells, expression from a very late promoter was 2- to 3- ... | 1992 | 1433522 |
| functional dissection of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus immediate-early 1 transcriptional regulatory protein. | autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected insect cells express a viral immediate-early transcriptional regulatory protein, ie1, that has been shown by transient-expression assays to stimulate the expression of certain baculovirus delayed-early (de) promoters and to inhibit the expression of other immediate-early (ie) genes. it is believed that certain de promoters are activated, in part, by direct interactions between ie1 and enhancer elements located in regions adja ... | 1992 | 1433524 |
| characterization of the nucleotide sequence of the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna polymerase gene region. | the dna polymerase gene of the lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) was cloned and sequenced. the predicted dna polymerase protein (1113 amino acids, 115.9k) was found to have an amino acid identity of 48% with the corresponding gene of the autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv). it contains five domains associated with substrate binding, primase interaction, and pyrophosphate hydrolysis and three domains associated with 3'-->5' exonuclease activity common to othe ... | 1992 | 1469355 |