| genetic relationships between bovine herpesvirus 4 and the gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri. | the overall arrangement of genes in the unique central part of the bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) genome has been deduced by analysis of short dna sequences. twenty-three genes conserved in at least one of the completely sequenced herpesviruses have been identified and localized. all of these genes encoded amino acid sequences with higher similarity to proteins of the gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus (ebv) and herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) than to the homologous products of the alphaherpesvi ... | 1992 | 1325698 |
| effects in calves of mixed infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus and several other bovine viruses. | the objective of this study was to verify whether a mixed infection in calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and other bovine viruses, such as bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, would influence the pathogenesis of the bvdv infection sufficiently to result in the typical form of mucosal disease being produced. accordingly, two experiments were undertaken. in one experiment calves were first infected with bvdv and subsequ ... | 1992 | 1330424 |
| viral agents and associated lesions detected in a 10-year study of bovine abortions and stillbirths. | in a 10-year survey started in 1980, specimens from 8,995 bovine abortions and stillbirths were submitted to the south dakota animal disease research and diagnostic laboratory. of these, 8,962 were suitable for some type of examination. viruses were associated with 948 (10.58%). bovine herpesvirus-1 (ibr) was detected in 485 (5.41%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was detected in 407 (4.54%). in 1 year of the survey, bvdv was detected in 8/32 fetuses that had lesions of passive congestio ... | 1992 | 1333814 |
| molecular biology of bovine herpesvirus type 4. | bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) is a ubiquitous virus of cattle. its genome is a 144 +/- 6 kb double-stranded dna consisting of a unique central part (l-dna) flanked at both ends by tandem repeats called polyrepetitive dna (prdna or h-dna). the overall arrangement of genes has been obtained by the analysis of homologies between short bhv-4 dna sequences and corresponding genes of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and herpesvirus saimiri (hvs). the gene expression is temporally regulated. glycoprotein p ... | 1992 | 1336253 |
| location and characterization of the bovine herpesvirus type 4 thymidine kinase gene; comparison with thymidine kinase genes of other herpesviruses. | the location and nucleotide sequence of the bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) thymidine kinase (tk) gene was determined. the coding region of the tk gene is 1335 nucleotides long and corresponds to a polypeptide of 445 amino acids. comparison of tk amino acid sequences of bhv-4 and 16 herpesvirus tks reveals a greater homology to those of the gammaherpesviruses ebv and specially hvs, than to those of alphaherpesviruses. the open reading frames detected in the vicinity of tk gene were homologous ... | 1992 | 1339265 |
| cloning and mapping of ecori, hindiii, and psti fragments of bovine herpesvirus 4 (dn-599) genome. | ecori, hindiii, and psti restriction fragments representing the entire genome of the dn-599 isolate, the american prototype strain, of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) were cloned. these cloned restriction fragments were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion, hybridization to southern blots of bhv-4 (dn-599) dna, and cross-hybridization of cloned fragments. the resulting data were used to construct restriction maps of the unique region of bhv-4 (dn-599) dna for restriction enzymes ecori, hindiii, ... | 1992 | 1428755 |
| molecular cloning and physical mapping of bovine herpesvirus 4 strain dn 599 and comparison with two american field-isolates. | ninety four percent of the genome of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) strain dn 599 was cloned and a physical map was constructed by southern blot analysis using a library of cloned fragments cleaved with the 3 restriction enzymes (eco ri, bam hi, and hin diii). the genome length was estimated to be 156.5 kbp +/- 0.7. the genome comprises a region of unique segment (114 kbp) and two flanking segments containing tandem repeats. the size of each repeat was approximately 2.35 kbp and each repeat contai ... | 1992 | 1456900 |
| variation in the pathogenic potential and molecular characteristics of bovid herpesvirus-4 isolates. | seven bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) isolates recovered from various clinical conditions of cattle were studied for their pathogenic potential in pregnant rabbits. these viruses were originally recovered from respiratory and reproductive tract infections of cattle. a virus dose of 4 x 10(6.8)tcid50 per fetus was inoculated via the intrauterine route in 10- and 17-day pregnant rabbits. clinical, virologic, and pathologic data were collected to compare the effect of each isolate on does and fetuses/k ... | 1991 | 1646514 |
| [significance of bovine herpesvirus 4 and its detection]. | in the last years different strains of the bovine cytomegalo-virus have been isolated. they have been grouped as bovine herpes virus 4 (bhv 4) and separated from other bovine herpes viruses. their clinical importance remains uncertain. different tests to detect infection have been developed. | 1991 | 1648799 |
| tissue distribution of bovid herpesvirus-4 in inoculated rabbits and its detection by dna hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. | a dna hybridization technique, using the polyrepetitive ecori l-fragment of bovid herpesvirus (bhv-4) as a probe, was developed to determine virus distribution in the tissues of bhv-4-infected pregnant rabbits. the cloned fragment did not react with the dna of rabbits or of other herpesviruses, e.g., infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine herpes virus mammillitis, and pseudorabies viruses. the detection limit was 10(-13) g of dna or approximately 600 genome equivalents of viral dna, which ind ... | 1991 | 1652236 |
| failure to infect cats with bovine herpesvirus type-4 strain movar 33/63. | | 1991 | 1654664 |
| biological and molecular aspects of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4). | this review summarizes most recent information on the bovine cytomegalovirus bhv-4. the virus is not associated with clearly defined clinical entities in cattle. it can easily be isolated in tissue culture and has a broad host range. bhv-4 strains are rather similar in restriction enzyme analysis of their dnas, the size of the pr dnas, however, differs. the genome represents a gamma-herpesvirus. because of its uniqueness bhv-4 is discussed as an appropriate vector. | 1991 | 1657512 |
| a study of some biologic properties of bovid herpesvirus-4. | this article summarizes the results of a study on several strains of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4), isolated from cattle. the study had several objectives, namely, to verify (a) the disease-causing potential of the virus, (b) the possibility by bhv-4 to induce a latent infection in the natural host and (c) the entity of the relationships among strains of the virus isolated from different disease syndromes. the following data were obtained: (1) all strains tested were able to replicate in experimen ... | 1991 | 1657513 |
| neutralization of bovine herpesvirus type 4 by pairs of monoclonal antibodies raised against two glycoproteins and identification of antigenic determinants involved in neutralization. | in infected cattle, bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) induces an immune response with low neutralizing antibody levels or in the absence of such antibodies. for the study of this phenomenon, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against two bhv-4 glycoproteins identified previously (150k/120k/51k and 120k/16.5k) were used in neutralization tests. none of the mabs except for mab 16 could neutralize alone; pairs of mabs against the 150k/120k/51k and 120k/16.5k glycoproteins were able to neutralize b ... | 1990 | 1690263 |
| antigenic and genomic identity between simian herpesvirus aotus type 2 and bovine herpesvirus type 4. | herpesvirus aotus type 2 (hva-2) was isolated from a culture of kidney cells from a healthy owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus). bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) is frequently isolated from diseased and even healthy cattle and occasionally from sheep, wild ruminants and cats. the two viruses are related antigenically, as was revealed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test using polyclonal antisera from experimentally infected rabbits or monoclonal antibodies raised against six bhv-4 proteins, thre ... | 1991 | 1706410 |
| proteins of bovine herpesvirus type 4 released into the culture medium of productively infected cells: identification of a 135k glycoprotein involved in viral attachment. | three bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) proteins released into the culture medium of infected cells were identified, with mr values of 135k, 16k and 14.5k. among these three proteins, two were precipitated by the monoclonal antibodies characterized in this work. one is a glycoprotein of 135k (gp8) which does not seem to be involved in bhv-4 neutralization. moreover, this 135k glycoprotein adsorbed onto uninfected susceptible cells. the attachment of gp8 to cells was totally inhibited by the prio ... | 1992 | 1730941 |
| bovine herpesvirus 4 isolates: a comparison of three major glycoproteins. | twenty-four belgian field isolates of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4), together with four reference strains were compared by radio-immunoprecipitation and western blotting using a polyvalent antiserum and monoclonal antibodies raised against major glycoproteins. most of these strains showed the same protein profile as the european reference strain movar 33/63. for two strains the molecular weight of gp 6, p (gp 10/gp 17) and gp 10 were the same as those of the american reference strain dn 599. no r ... | 1991 | 1771748 |
| molecular diagnosis of alcelaphine herpesvirus (malignant catarrhal fever) infections by nested amplification of viral dna in bovine blood buffy coat specimens. | a fragment of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (ahv-1; malignant catarrhal fever) dna was subcloned into puc 18 and sequenced. the subclone hybridized strongly to ahv-1 dna, weakly to alcelaphine herpesvirus-2 (ahv-2) dna, and not at all to dna from bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [ibr] virus), bovine herpesvirus-2 (bhv-2; bovine herpes mamillitis [bhm] virus), and bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4; isolate dn599). a 2-stage (nested) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) diagnostic t ... | 1991 | 1911989 |
| a dot immunobinding assay on nitrocellulose for the detection of bovid herpesvirus-4 antibodies. | a dot immunobinding assay (dia) was developed for the detection of antibody against bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) in bovine sera. a semipurified virus preparation was used as the antigen and an antispecies horseradish peroxidase-labeled igg and diaminobenzidine were employed as the detection system. the sensitivity and specificity of the dia were similar to those of indirect fluorescent antibody test, indicating the suitability of dia as a rapid field test for the detection of anti-bhv-4 antibodie ... | 1990 | 1965576 |
| the isolation of lumpy skin disease virus and bovine herpesvirus-4 from cattle in egypt. | lumpy skin disease (lsd) virus (lsdv) was isolated for the first time from cattle in egypt in 2 disease outbreaks. bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) and lsdv were detected in a pooled sample from the first outbreak (suez). only lsdv was isolated from the second outbreak (ismalia). the capripoxviruses were identified as lsdv by neutralization with specific antiserum and by their ability to produce generalized lsd in experimentally inoculated cattle. | 1990 | 1965577 |
| temporal control of bovine herpesvirus type 4 glycoprotein synthesis. | the glycoprotein gp6/gp10/gp17, gp11/vp24 and gp8 are major bovine herpesvirus type 4 antigens. the temporal expression of these glycoproteins was studied and it was shown that gp6/gp10/gp17 appeared as early as 6 h post-inoculation (p.i.), and gp11/vp24 and gp8 were detected 8 h p.i. moreover, a precursor of two components of gp6/gp10/gp17 glycoprotein [p(gp10/gp17)] was a beta-gamma protein, whereas the gp11/vp24 and gp8 glycoproteins were gamma proteins. | 1991 | 2045794 |
| [the etiology of "malignant catarrhal fever" originating in sheep: serological findings in cattle and sheep with ruminant gamma herpesviruses]. | in the case of the wildebeest-derived form of malignant catarrhal fever (wd-mcf) alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alchv1) is well established as the cause. however, the etiology of the form of the disease circumstantially associated with sheep (sa-mcf) remains equivocal. a serological relationship has been proposed to exist between the unidentified sheep-associated agent causing sa-mcf and alchv1 causing wd-mcf. we attempted to confirm this hypothesis. using an indirect elisa we found 94 of 100 cattle ... | 1991 | 2068708 |
| serological evidence of herpesvirus infection in captive asian elephants (elephas maximus). | in mid 1988 a 3-yr-old asian elephant (elephas maximus) from a circus in switzerland died following generalized manifestation of a herpesvirus infection. in an effort to determine prevalence of infection with the herpesvirus, and due to lack of a corresponding virus isolate, it was decided to evaluate contact animals and elephants from a second herd for antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) and bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv2). of 15 sera tested four displayed low neutralizing antibody titers to bh ... | 1990 | 2154628 |
| evaluation of pregnant rabbits as a laboratory model for bovid herpesvirus-4 infection. | a field strain (87-8363) of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) isolated from an aborted bovine fetus was used to inoculate pregnant rabbits. eleven rabbits in midgestation were alloted to 4 groups consisting of 3 infected groups and 1 control group. rabbits were inoculated with bhv-4 or mock-infected cell culture preparations via iv, intravaginal, and intrauterine routes. mild vulvovaginitis and endometritis were observed after intravaginal and iv inoculation of bhv-4, whereas intrauterine inoculation ... | 1990 | 2158255 |
| clinicopathologic analysis of herpesvirus-induced urinary tract infection in specific-pathogen-free cats given methylprednisolone. | the clinicopathologic manifestations of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4; fcahv strain)-induced infection of the lower portion of the urinary tract were characterized in 12 adult neutered male and 6 female specific-pathogen-free cats, and were compared with those in 12 neutered male control cats. six neutered male and 6 female cats were given immunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate prior to inoculation of their urinary bladders with bhv-4. six neutered male control cats were given immuno ... | 1990 | 2164332 |
| a serological comparison of some animal herpesviruses. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) isolates (cooper-type strain 4975 and oxford) were compared in neutralization tests with the bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) isolate (85/16 tv) and the herpesviruses of red deer (d2839/1) and goats (e/ch). hyperimmune antiserum was prepared in rabbits against the plaque-selected viruses and endpoint and kinetic neutralization test were made. bhv-4 was clearly different from the other four viruses. the closely-related bhv-1 strains were also related in these tests to the ... | 1990 | 2170074 |
| clinicopathologic and pathologic findings of herpesvirus-induced urinary tract infection in conventionally reared cats. | clinicopathologic manifestations of induced infection of the feline lower urinary tract with bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4, strain fcahv) were characterized in 6 conventionally reared adult cats (2 sexually intact males, 2 castrated males, and 2 females). two additional control cats were exposed with noninfected cell culture control inoculum. clinical and radiographic signs of lower urinary tract disease were not observed in exposed or control cats. microscopic hematuria was detected in urine sampl ... | 1990 | 2173448 |
| the role of viruses in feline lower urinary tract disease. | viruses have been implicated as causative agents in the etiopathogenesis of some forms of feline lower urinary tract disease (lutd). this hypothesis was supported by isolation of feline calicivirus, bovine herpesvirus 4 (strain fecahv), and feline syncytia-forming virus from cats with naturally occurring lutd, and by experimental studies of induced viral urinary tract infection. results of early clinical studies yielded contradictory results concerning the role of viruses in feline lutd. however ... | 1990 | 2187983 |
| [the etiology and epidemiology of malignant catarrh--a review]. | it is generally accepted that both, the wildebeest-derived malignant catarrhal fever (wd-mcf), and the circumstantially evidenced sheep-associated form of the disease (sa-mcf), may be explained as autoimmune disease of various ruminants, namely cattle and farmed deer. the disease follows infection with related herpesviruses being shed by the respective healthy carrier animals. this has convincingly be shown to apply for wd-mcf (alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, alchv1). sa-mcf, however, remains to be c ... | 1990 | 2193384 |
| bovine herpesvirus 4 genome: cloning, mapping and strain variation analysis. | the restriction map of the bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) genome (v. test strain) was established for the restriction enzymes ecori, bamhi and hindiii by analysis of clones from a lambda library (sau3ai partial digestion) and from a plasmid library (ecori fragments). one genome unit was defined as the length of the unique central part, flanked at both ends by one of the terminal tandem repeats called polyrepetitive dna (prdna) and was estimated to be 113 +/- 2 kbp. a restriction map of the prdna o ... | 1990 | 2303799 |
| [serologic and virologic studies of selected cattle with antibodies to bovine herpesviruses]. | in order to investigate the specificity of low titer antibodies to bhv 1, twelve cattle were subjected to stress and dexamethasone treatment. they were monitored virologically by inoculating cell cultures with naso-pharyngeal-, ocular- and vaginal- or preputial swabs and serologically by assessing the prevalence and incidence of antibodies to bovine, caprine-, porcine-, and equine herpesviruses and to bovine leukemia virus. antibodies were classified as specific for bhv 1 if the animals excreted ... | 1989 | 2544992 |
| experimental infection of bulls with a genital isolate of bovine herpesvirus-4 and reactivation of latent virus with dexamethasone. | five 13- to 18-month old belgian blue bulls were used in this experiment. four bulls (nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5) were inoculated intratesticularly with 10(5) plaque-forming units of bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) in each testicle (day 0). the challenge bhv-4 strain was previously isolated from testicle cells of a bull exhibiting orchitis and azoospermia. the fifth bull (no. 1) was used as a control and received the same volume of uninfected cell culture supernatant. for 5 days, beginning on day 51 post-i ... | 1989 | 2558442 |
| prevalence of bovid herpesvirus-4 and its antibody in cattle in minnesota. | serologic analyses and virus isolation studies were carried out to determine the role of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) in infections in cattle, principally those of the reproductive tract. serologic analyses were performed, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test on thoracic fluid specimens from aborted fetuses and on sera from 3 sources of adult cattle. virus isolation was attempted from field cases of abortion, early embryo death, and postpartum vulvovaginitis/metritis, using uterine dischar ... | 1989 | 2559632 |
| [research on antibodies against bhv-1, bhv-2, bhv-4, bvd-md virus, bovine adenovirus a and b, rotavirus and coronavirus in cattle in western zaire: complementary results]. | two-hundred bovine sera from western zaire were screened for antibodies to 8 viruses: bhv-1, bhv-2, bhv-4, bvd-md virus, bovine adenovirus a and b, bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus. positive sera were found to all these viruses. for animals whose origin was undoubted, the main features were the high prevalence of infections by rotavirus and bhv-4 and the low prevalence of infections by coronavirus and bvd-md virus. | 1989 | 2560579 |
| serological survey of herpesvirus infections in wild ruminants of france and belgium. | the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovid herpesvirus 6 (bhv-6), herpesvirus of cervidae type 1 (hvc-1), reindeer herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2) and bovid herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) was investigated in wild ruminants of france and belgium between 1981 and 1986. there were no animals serologically positive for bhv-4. antibodies against bhv-2 were demonstrated in roe deer (cervus capreolus) (less than 1%) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) (1%) in france. animals ... | 1988 | 2836635 |
| propagation and quantitation of animal herpesviruses in eight cell culture systems. | a comparative study was carried out to determine the relative sensitivities of eight different cell culture systems to six different herpesviruses of animals. the cells used were: ofl (ovine fetal lung), ml (mink lung), fk (ferret kidney), ptk-2 (potoroo kidney), tek (turkey embryo kidney), ed (equine dermal), bt (bovine turbinate), and pk15 (porcine kidney). the viruses tested were: prv (pseudorabies) of swine, cphv (caprine herpesvirus), ibrv (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus), dn-599 s ... | 1988 | 2846231 |
| bhv4 (bovine herpes virus 4) related disorders in belgian cattle: a study of two problem herds. | two cattle farms, with a ten year history of bhv4 related postpartum metritis accompanied by fertility problems, were monitored during the winter season 1985-1986. bhv4 was isolated from the lochia from 55% of the animals on farm a and 66% of those on farm b. respectively 59% and 30% of the animals presented postpartum metritis. in some animals virus multiplication was followed by severe leucopenia lasting several weeks. indirect immunofluorescence (iif) bhv4 seropositive as well as iif seronega ... | 1988 | 2848355 |
| comparative study of two strains of bovid herpesvirus-4. | two strains of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4), i.e. the prototype strain dn-599, obtained from a steer suffering of a respiratory disease, and the strain 85/bh 16tv, originated from a cow with vulvovaginitis, were compared in studies which included restriction endonuclease analysis, experimental infection and reciprocal cross protection tests. the restriction endonuclease analysis revealed that the resultant dna patterns of the isolates were generally similar with only a difference in one fragment. ... | 1988 | 2851406 |
| induction of thymidine kinase activity by viruses with group b dna genomes: bovine cytomegalovirus (bovine herpesvirus 4). | the bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) group has a slow replication cycle, a narrow host range, and cytopathogenic effects characteristic of cytomegaloviruses (cmv), but a group b genome structure similar to that of lymphotropic herpesvirus saimiri (hvs). reference bhv-4 strain dn599 and bhv-4 strains n124 and fhv-2 induced in the cytosol fraction of thymidine kinase-negative (tk-) rabbit skin (rab-bu) cell mutants a novel tk activity. the bhv-4-induced thymidine kinase (tk) differed from the pri ... | 1986 | 3010598 |
| [prevalence of bovine herpesvirus 4 in the swiss cattle population and possible serologic cross reaction with bovine herpesvirus 1 (ibr/ipv virus)]. | | 1986 | 3022374 |
| genetic relatedness of disease-associated field isolates of bovid herpesvirus type 4. | eight field isolates of bovid herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) were examined by restriction analysis and southern blot hybridization with respect to their relatedness to one another and to the bhv-4 prototype strain dn-599. isolates were obtained from cattle exhibiting a range of disease states including abortion, pneumonia, enteritis, metritis, and vaginal blisters. initial growth studies of all 9 viruses were performed and revealed that the overall rate of virus growth was slow when compared with th ... | 1986 | 3022624 |
| [experimental inoculation of bovine herpesvirus 4 (strain lvr 140) in pregnant and nonpregnant cows]. | ten cows (5 pregnant and 5 non pregnant) were inoculated with a bhv 4 (bovine herpes virus 4) strain lvr 140. the infection caused metritis symptoms, but only after parturition and even if the calving occurred several weeks after the inoculation. the metritis was accompanied by leucopenia. the virus was reisolated from the lochia and the lymph nodes, in some cases several weeks after parturition. a number of unexplained mortalities was observed during the experiment. the evolution of antibodies ... | 1986 | 3022635 |
| [bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4): studies on biology and transmission in cattle herds and insemination bulls]. | | 1986 | 3028014 |
| experimental infection of calves with strains of bovid herpesvirus-4. | fourteen calves were inoculated intranasally (i.n.) with the viral isolates as follows: 5 with 85/bh 16tv, 1 with 85/bh 17tv, 1 with 85/bh 18tv, 2 with 85/bh 231tn and 5 with 85/bh 232tn. strain 85/bh 16tv was the only one which caused overt respiratory-like disease in all inoculated calves. onset of the disease was observed after 7-8 days of incubation and was characterized by fever, depression, nasal discharge and coughing. virus was isolated from the nasal swabbings of calves obtained from po ... | 1987 | 3034501 |
| experimental infection of rabbits with bovine herpesvirus-4: acute and persistent infection. | a strain of bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) isolated from bovine cases of mammary pustular dermatitis was used for experimental infection of rabbits. the strain is serologically indistinguishable from the group prototype movar 33/63 and from the american isolate dn599. groups of rabbits were inoculated by various routes. intravaginal and conjunctival inoculations resulted in vulvovaginitis and conjunctivitis, respectively, and in shedding of virus. the rabbits seroconverted for the virus, with high ... | 1982 | 6301139 |
| sensitivity of equine herpesviruses 1 and 3 in vitro to a new nucleoside analogue, 9-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethoxy] methyl] guanine. | the following members of the herpetoviridae family were tested to determine their sensitivities to the new antiviral drug, biolf-62: equine herpesvirus types 1 and 3, human herpesvirus types 1 and 2, swine herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus type 4, feline herpesvirus, canine herpesvirus, and herpes simiae virus. equine herpesviruses 1 and 3, human herpesviruses 1 and 2, and herpes simiae virus were all sensitive to biolf-62 at concentrations of less than 0.55 micrograms/ml. equine herpesvirus types ... | 1983 | 6307092 |
| interaction of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) immediate early 2 gene product with bhv-4 thymidine kinase promoter-regulatory region. | to understand the mechanism of regulation of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) early gene expression by immediate-early (ie) gene products, we studied activation of expression of the bhv-4 early gene encoding thymidine kinase (tk). bhv-4 encodes two ie rnas. ie rna 2 encodes a protein with predicted amino acid sequence similarity to the epstein-barr virus (ebv) r transactivator. the bhv-4 tk promoter-regulatory region was specifically transactivated approximately 9-fold by the ie2 gene product in tra ... | 1995 | 7595347 |
| amplification of strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 by use of polymerase chain reaction with primers in the thymidine kinase region. | a primer pair was designed from the published nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene for use in detection of the virus by use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of 12 bhv-1 strains (3 atcc and 9 local isolates). a tk deletion mutant bhv-1, and 2 bhv-4 strains from atcc were used as negative controls. one strain each of feline herpes-virus, equine herpesvirus, and bovine adenovirus, and 2 noninoculated bovine cultured ... | 1994 | 7802385 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) using the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on primers from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goats. the pcr assay was able to detect virus in nasal swabs up to 14 days after experimental infection of cattle and there was a good ... | 1994 | 7839585 |
| glycoprotein b of bovine herpesvirus type 4: its phylogenetic relationship to gb equivalents of the herpesviruses. | in order to estimate the phylogenetic relationship of bhv-4 among the herpesviruses, we have cloned and sequenced its glycoprotein b (gb). the 2.6 kb open reading frame codes for a 874 amino acid long protein. the comparison of its deduced amino acid sequence with those of its counterparts in 19 distinct herpesviruses groups bhv-4 into the gamma-herpesvirinae. the calculation of an evolutionary tree emphasized that bhv-4 is more closely related to herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) than to epstein-barr v ... | 1994 | 7871762 |
| molecular evolution of herpesviruses: genomic and protein sequence comparisons. | phylogenetic reconstruction of herpesvirus evolution is generally founded on amino acid sequence comparisons of specific proteins. these are relevant to the evolution of the specific gene (or set of genes), but the resulting phylogeny may vary depending on the particular sequence chosen for analysis (or comparison). in the first part of this report, we compare 13 herpesvirus genomes by using a new multidimensional methodology based on distance measures and partial orderings of dinucleotide relat ... | 1994 | 8107249 |
| characterization of a bovine herpesvirus 4 immediate-early rna encoding a homolog of the epstein-barr virus r transactivator. | immediate-early (ie) rna 2, the less abundant of two bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) rnas detected in madin-darby bovine kidney cells infected in the presence of cycloheximide, is a 1.8-kb cytoplasmic polyadenylated rna transcribed from the 8.3-kb hindiii fragment f. the structure of ie rna 2 has been determined by s1 nuclease and exonuclease vii mapping, primer extension analysis, and sequencing of a partial cdna. ie rna 2 consists of a short, approximately 60-nucleotide 5' exon spliced to a 1.8-k ... | 1993 | 8380465 |
| resistance and susceptibility of bovine cells expressing herpesviral glycoprotein d homologs to herpesviral infections. | bovine cell lines individually expressing two related herpesviral proteins, pseudorabies virus glycoprotein 50 and herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d, were examined for their susceptibility/resistance to infection with several alphaherpesviruses. cell lines expressing gp50 or gd-1 resisted plaque formation by the homologous virus more than by the heterologous viruses. bovine cells expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein iv (giv) were susceptible to infection with three other bovine ... | 1993 | 8386880 |
| development of a dna probe for identification of bovine herpesvirus 4. | a sensitive and specific dna probe for detection and identification of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) was developed. cloned fragments from a library of hindiii fragments of the bhv-4 (dn-599) genome were labeled with 32p or digoxigenin and were tested for sensitivity and specificity in detecting viral dna by dot-blot hybridization. two probes were identified that detected 10 pg of purified viral dna, and detected viral dna in 0.001 micrograms of total dna extracted from bhv-4-infected cells. both ... | 1993 | 8391228 |
| the role of uropathogens in feline lower urinary tract disease. clinical implications. | bacterial, fungal, and parasitic uropathogens have small but significant roles as causative agents in naturally occurring feline lower urinary tract disease. however, the exact cause of hematuria, dysuria, and/or urethral obstruction remains unknown in a large percentage of cats. feline calicivirus, feline syncytia-forming virus, bovine herpesvirus-4, mycoplasmas, and ureaplasmas are potential uropathogens whose etiopathogenic roles in idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease remain, as of ... | 1993 | 8421883 |
| studies of in vivo distribution of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in the natural host. | the in vivo distribution of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) was examined by testing nasal and conjunctival exudates, peripheral blood leukocytes, and various organs of experimentally infected calves. for virus detection, a nested pcr assay, virus isolation, and immunohistochemistry were applied. the nervous system and the muscles were free of viral dna. liver and intestinal lymph nodes contained low amounts of virus (less than two copies per 1 microgram of cellular dna). intestinal, tonsil, th ... | 1996 | 8727882 |
| bovine herpesvirus type-4 (bhv-4) persistently infects cells of the marginal zone of spleen in cattle. | bovine herpes virus type 4 (bhv-4) has the ability to persist during long post-infection periods in spleen and other lymphoreticular tissues of cattle and laboratory rabbits. our previous studies indicated that splenic macrophages are the main reservoir of this persistent herpesvirus infection in rabbits. now we report the use of in situ hybridization (ish) and cell separation methods to characterize the cellular localization of persistent bhv-4 in cattle. using cloned sub-genomic probes of bhv- ... | 1996 | 8827706 |
| about the cellular tropism of the gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus type 4. | | 1996 | 8940490 |
| characterization of an abundant, unique 1.7-kilobase bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) late rna and mapping of a bhv-4 ie2 transactivator-binding site in its promoter-regulatory region. | we characterized an abundant late 1.7-kb cytoplasmic polyadenylated rna (l1.7 rna) transcribed from the bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) hindiii w fragment, in a region of the genome not conserved with epstein-barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri. l1.7 rna contains only extremely short (<100 nucleotides) open reading frames followed by two repeat arrays. the first repeat array contains 11 copies of a 23-bp unit, tggcacta gtagcatttaacccc. the second and third copies are each interrupted by 15- to 17-bp ... | 1997 | 8985381 |
| molecular virology of ruminant herpesviruses. | molecular virology has served to establish bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) as the prototype member of ruminant herpesviruses. based on the genomic sequence of the virus, we aim to identify and characterize virus-specified components, to explain their concerted action, and to predict how the chain of events during the lytic and latent phases of the viral life cycle may be interrupted. the nucleotide sequence of the bhv-1 genome (136 kb) has just been completed by international cooperation (july 1995 ... | 1996 | 9010995 |
| bovine herpesvirus 4: genomic organization and relationship with two other gammaherpesviruses, epstein-barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri. | bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) belongs to the gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. although the whole sequence of bhv-4 genome is not known it was possible, based on random sequencing, to assume that its genomic organization consists of genes clustered in blocks whose orientation and location in the genome are conserved within a herpesvirus subfamily. between these blocks lie genes which are specific to either a particular virus or a virus subfamily. bhv-4 genome consists of 5 gene blocks conserved among ... | 1996 | 9011000 |
| susceptibility of endothelial cells to bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4). | the sensitivity of two different types of cells to bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) was compared by median tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50) assays. the bovine arterial endothelial (bae) cell culture derived from bovine carotid arteries was 100-1000 times more sensitive to two strains of bhv-4, movar 33/63 and dn 599, than madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cell line commonly used for the propagation of these viruses. bae cell cultures infected with bhv-4 displayed cytopathic effects (cpe) ... | 1997 | 9015293 |
| analysis of bovine herpesvirus 4 genomic regions located outside the conserved gammaherpesvirus gene blocks. | bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) dna sequences located outside the gene blocks conserved among the gammaherpesviruses bhv-4, herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) were analysed. twelve potential open reading frames (orfs) were found. protein database comparisons showed that no orf translation products were similar to proteins encoded by alpha- or betaherpesviruses. nevertheless, six of the orfs were homologous in amino acid sequences to proteins encoded by hvs but apparently not to ... | 1995 | 9049390 |
| glycoprotein b of bovine herpesvirus 4 is a major component of the virion, unlike that of two other gammaherpesviruses, epstein-barr virus and murine gammaherpesvirus 68. | this study reports that in bovine herpesvirus 4, glycoprotein b (gb) is a heterodimer and a major component of the virion, unlike gbs of epstein-barr virus (gp110) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68, two other gammaherpesviruses. these are new characteristics with regard to the general features of gb in the gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. | 1997 | 9060705 |
| assessment of the cell-mediated immunity in cattle infection after bovine herpesvirus 4 infection, using an in vitro antigen-specific interferon-gamma assay. | the cell-mediated immunity (cmi) following bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv4) infection has been poorly investigated in cattle. the in vivo response measured by a delayed type of hypersensitivity (dth) assay has been reported to be positive in only few animals showing serological evidences of bhv4 infection. we have investigated the cmi following bhv4 infection by an in vitro antigen-specific interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) release assay, as an indicator of an actively acquired immunity to bhv4. our preli ... | 1996 | 9011005 |
| complete sequence and genomic analysis of murine gammaherpesvirus 68. | murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammahv68) infects mice, thus providing a tractable small-animal model for analysis of the acute and chronic pathogenesis of gammaherpesviruses. to facilitate molecular analysis of gammahv68 pathogenesis, we have sequenced the gammahv68 genome. the genome contains 118,237 bp of unique sequence flanked by multiple copies of a 1,213-bp terminal repeat. the gc content of the unique portion of the genome is 46%, while the gc content of the terminal repeat is 78%. the uniq ... | 1997 | 9223479 |
| herpesviral abortion in domestic animals. | abortion or neonatal disease may follow infection with several alpha, beta and gamma-herpesviruses. the alpha-herpesvirus, equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), causes single or epizootic abortions or neonatal deaths in equids, and the closely related virus ehv-4 causes sporadic equine abortions. in cattle, the alpha-herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bovine encephalitis virus), and a gamma-herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-4, have all be ... | 1997 | 9232116 |
| [detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 using the dot-blot hybridization method]. | with the development of molecular biology in the 1980s methods of microorganism detection start to innovate. one of the main advantages of the molecular-genetic methods, namely hybridization of nucleic acids and pcr methods, is the detection of genome of microorganism without the need for cellular cultivation. to detect bhv-1 (etiological agens ibr-ipv) the dot-blot hybridization method on nitrocellulose filters was used together with different types of dna probes (two-fiber recombinant plasmids ... | 1993 | 8390122 |
| persistence of bovid herpesvirus-4 in experimentally inoculated pregnant rabbits. | to study the persistence and reactivation of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4), pregnant rabbits were inoculated with bhv-4 via the intrauterine route. disease production and virus shedding were monitored for up to 67 days post infection (dpi). virus isolation was attempted from nasal, vaginal and buffy coat samples of all rabbits. virus shedding was observed between 5 and 12 dpi but not thereafter. some of the animals were given intramuscular injections of dexamethasone (dex) for 4 consecutive days s ... | 1993 | 8385734 |
| attachment of the gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 is mediated by the interaction of gp8 glycoprotein with heparinlike moieties on the cell surface. | cell surface heparan sulfate serves as the initial receptor for several alphaherpesviruses and at least one betaherpesvirus. this study shows that during the process of adsorption of the gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4), the viral glycoprotein gp8 interacts with heparinlike moieties of cell surface. this conclusion is based on the following findings. (i) soluble heparin was capable of blocking bhv-4 infection of georgia bovine kidney cells by inhibition of viral attachment. (ii) nev ... | 1993 | 8356795 |
| recurrent, nonobstructive, idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease: an illustrative case report. | a three-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair was evaluated because of recurrent hematuria, dysuria, and pollakiuria of one year's duration. with the exception of hematuria and proteinuria, results of other physical, clinicopathological, radiographic, and microbiologic evaluations were normal. low concentrations of bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) antibodies (titer 1:40) were detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). a diagnosis of nonobstructive, idiopathic feline lower urinary ... | 1995 | 7552663 |
| the replication in vitro of the gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 is restricted by its dna synthesis dependence on the s phase of the cell cycle. | because several observations have suggested that replication of the gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) is influenced by the physiological state of the host cell, a study was carried out to determine the relationship between bhv-4 infection and the cell cycle. the temporal expression of bhv-4 late (l) proteins in unsynchronized cell cultures was first investigated by flow cytometry. interestingly, l protein expression occurred in a limited number of cells infected with a high multiplic ... | 1995 | 7491758 |
| experimental inoculation of cattle with bovine herpesvirus-4: evidence for a lymphoid-associated persistent infection. | a strain of bovine herpesvirus-4 isolated from cows with mammary pustular dermatitis was used for experimental inoculation of cattle. this strain is serologically indistinguishable from the group prototype movar 33/63 and from strain dn-599. seronegative cattle were inoculated iv or by simultaneous intranasal, iv, intramammary (via teat channel), and intradermal inoculations. all inoculated cattle seroconverted. clinical signs of disease or lesions were not evident, except for a dermal lesion co ... | 1983 | 6307096 |
| replication of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in human cells in vitro. | a reference strain (movár 33/63) of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) was inoculated into 14 different human cell lines and five primary cell cultures representing various human tissues. bhv-4 replicated in two embryonic lung cell lines, mrc-5 and wistar-38, and in a giant-cell glioblastoma cell culture. cytopathic effect and intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in these cells. pcr detected a 10,000-times-higher level of bhv-4 dna. titration of the supernatant indicated a 100-fold increas ... | 1998 | 9650976 |
| characterization of a bovine herpesvirus 4(bhv-4) 1.1-kb rna and its transactivation by bhv-4 immediate-early 2 gene product. | we determined the structure of a 1.1-kb cytoplasmic polyadenylated rna transcribed from a region of the bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) genome not conserved among gammaherpesviruses by sequencing its cdna, by s1 nuclease analysis, and by primer extension analysis. we found that the rna consists of a short, approximately 193-nucleotide (nt), 5' exon spliced to a 799-nt 3' exon and contains two short (53 and 57 codons) overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the 53-codon orf was previously designated ... | 1998 | 9930195 |
| kinetics of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene expression. | herpesvirus gene expression can be classified into four distinct kinetic stages: latent, immediate early, early, and late. here we characterize the kinetic class of a group of 16 kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)/human herpesvirus 8 genes in a cultured primary effusion cell line and examine the expression of a subset of these genes in ks biopsies. expression of two latent genes, lana and vflip, was constitutive and was not induced by chemicals that induce the lytic cycle in primary ... | 1999 | 9971806 |
| structure and function of the prdna and the genomic termini of the gamma2-herpesvirus bovine herpesvirus type 4. | the linear virion dna of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) is flanked by tandem repeats designated polyrepetitive dna (prdna). to investigate the structure and functional role of the prdna for cleavage/packaging of progeny viral dna, the complete nucleotide sequence (2267 bp) of a cloned prdna unit of bhv-4 was determined. moreover, the terminal fragments of the genome and the junctions between prdna and the central unique dna were analysed. in order to characterize the function of the prdna of ... | 1999 | 10211968 |
| dot immunobinding assay for detection of bovine herpesvirus 4 antibodies in rabbits. | a dot immunobinding assay (dia) was used for the detection of antibody against bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) in experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free male and female rabbits. a semipurified virus preparation was used as the antigen, and protein a/g-horseradish-peroxidase conjugate and diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride were used as the detection system. results of the dia procedure on serum samples of experimentally infected male and female rabbits were compared with those of a compleme ... | 1999 | 10353354 |
| serologic cross-reaction between bovine herpesviruses 1 and 4 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | reciprocal cross-titrations using constant concentrations of bovine antiserum (1: 100) to either bovine herpesvirus (bhv) 1 or bhv 4 (obtained from controlled infection status) against varying concentrations of both viral antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) indicated a subtle difference between the antigenic composition of these 2 agents. although control antiserum consistently yielded higher elisa titers against homologous viral antigen, a considerable cross-reactivity between ... | 1984 | 6087088 |
| evaluation of newly developed immunoperoxidase monolayer assays for detection of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 4. | this study describes the evaluation of immunoperoxidase monolayer assays (ipmas) for detection of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv4) dn-599 or bhv4 lvr 140 in sera of cattle. we compared the quality of these ipmas with the quality of a bhv4 indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in addition, a preliminary serological survey of bhv4 antibodies was carried out to estimate the seroprevalence of bhv4 in dutch cattle at different ages. the specificities of both bhv4 ipmas wer ... | 1999 | 10391841 |
| health status of bulls used for natural breeding on farms in south west scotland. | one hundred and nine breeding bulls were examined during the period november 1992 to june 1993 on farms in south west scotland for evidence of infectious diseases associated with breeding. preputial washings were collected to screen for campylobacter fetus venerialis, together with serial blood samples to assess their seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), leptospira hardjo and bovine herpes virus-4 (bhv-4). the possible impact of natural mating on ... | 1999 | 10416365 |
| persistent infection of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in bovine endothelial cell cultures. | herpesviruses can establish a persistent infection in the cells and tissues of their natural hosts and thus may produce diseases due to cytolytic infections. we have isolated a herpesvirus from a bovine vascular endothelial cell culture after continuous subculturing. typical cytopathic changes were observed in bovine endothelial cell cultures 2 days after inoculation of the virus. the virus had an icosahedral nucleocapsid of 100-150 nm in diameter and an envelope. the sequences of some dna fragm ... | 1999 | 10591496 |
| genetic analysis of the bovine herpesvirus type 4 gene locus for the putative terminase. | the complete dna sequence of the 10-45 kbp hindiii b fragment of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bohv-4) was determined. this fragment contains nine complete and two incomplete open reading frames (orfs), all of which are homologous to herpesvirus saimiri (hvs), kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (hhv-8) and epstein-barr virus (ebv). particularly, the arrangement of the gene for the terminase-related protein with the two coding exons 29a/29b is conserved among all herpesviruses sequenced to date ... | 1999 | 10595416 |
| electron microscope autoradiographic study of bovine herpesvirus 4. | | 1985 | 4050204 |
| reactivation in calves of latent infection by bovid herpesvirus-4. | nine calves, six of which had been infected with strain 85/bh 16tv and three with strain 85/bh 232tn of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4), were treated with dexamethasone (dms) three months after infection. dms administration did not induce any clinical signs of disease, but bhv-4 was isolated from the nasal swabbings of all calves for a maximum of 8 days after the start of dms treatment. the virus was also isolated from the nerve tissues, nasal mucosa, lymph nodes, lung and spleen of 4 calves that we ... | 1987 | 3033450 |
| the primary sequence of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus isolate 26-95: sequence similarities to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and rhesus monkey rhadinovirus isolate 17577. | the primary sequence of the long unique region l-dna (l for low gc) of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (rrv) isolate 26-95 was determined. the l-dna consists of 130,733 bp that contain 84 open reading frames (orfs). the overall organization of the rrv26-95 genome was found to be very similar to that of human kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). blast search analysis revealed that in almost all cases rrv26-95 coding sequences have a greater degree of similarity to corresponding kshv sequences ... | 2000 | 10708456 |
| antiapoptotic herpesvirus bcl-2 homologs escape caspase-mediated conversion to proapoptotic proteins. | the antiapoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-x(l) proteins of mammals are converted into potent proapoptotic factors when they are cleaved by caspases, a family of apoptosis-inducing proteases (e. h.-y. cheng, d. g. kirsch, r. j. clem, r. ravi, m. b. kastan, a. bedi, k. ueno, and j. m. hardwick, science 278:1966-1968, 1997; r. j. clem, e. h.-y. cheng, c. l. karp, d. g. kirsch, k. ueno, a. takahashi, m. b. kastan, d. e. griffin, w. c. earnshaw, m. a. veliuona, and j. m. hardwick, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 95 ... | 2000 | 10799576 |
| studies on bovine herpesviruses. part 1. isolation and characterization of viruses isolated from the genital tract of cattle. | herpesviruses, previously isolated from cattle (theodoridis, 1978), were further studied and provisionally placed in the bovid herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) group. major differences were found between ibr-ipv (bhv-1) and bhv-4 virus strains. in mdbk cells, all bhv-4 strains started growing at the edges of the culture, the process progressing slowly until destruction of the cells was complete by the 10th day. bhv-4 strains failed to induce neutralizing antibodies in cattle, goats and rabbits. only the ad ... | 1985 | 3003650 |
| comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a complement-fixation test for the detection of igg to bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bovine cytomegalovirus). | an indirect elisa for the detection of bovine immunoglobulin to bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) was developed. three methods of antigen preparation were compared. they included (1) bhv-4-infected madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells treated with glycine and then frozen and thawed, (2) bhv-4-infected mdbk cells treated with glycine and then sonicated, and (3) bhv-4-infected mdbk cells treated with a detergent. the antigen preparation that gave the highest reactivity was the first method. we o ... | 1988 | 2840007 |
| in vitro growth characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies and polyvalent antisera. | the bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) isolate lvr-140 growing in mdbk cell cultures was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence (if), using bovine antisera and 15 monoclonal antibodies (mab). the cytopathogenic effect was discernible between 20 and 30 hours post inoculation (p.i.) and developed slowly as has been reported for other bhv-4 strains. according to the protein specificity as revealed by radioimmunoprecipitation and the intracellular localisation of reacting antigens as detected by if, ... | 1989 | 2650658 |
| a rapid and sensitive pcr-based diagnostic assay to detect bovine herpesvirus 1 in routine diagnostic submissions. | we describe a rapid, sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of bhv1 dna in a range of routine diagnostic submissions without the need for prior virus isolation. the assay, which is based on the selected amplification of a portion of the viral tk gene, detected both bhv1.1 and bhv1.2 subtypes in a panel of 15 characterised field isolates, and its sensitivity was estimated to be <0.125 tcid(50). bhv2, alcephaline herpesvirus, bhv4, equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1 ... | 2000 | 10889405 |
| [in vitro study of the interactions between bovine herpesvirus 4 and the bovine host cells]. | this work was devoted to the study of the interactions between bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) and bovine cells in vitro. it led to the discovery of two interesting properties of bvh-4 replication cycle: first, the cellular receptor heparan sulfate was proven to mediate bvh-4 binding to target cells. this is the first description of the implication of heparan sulfate in the binding process of a gammaherpesvirus. second, using synchronised cells, the replication of bvh-4 dna was proven to be depende ... | 1999 | 10992885 |
| a bovine herpesvirus (bhv-4) as passenger virus in ethmoidal tumours in indian cattle. | a herpesvirus was isolated from tumours of the ethmoidal mucosa in two of three head of cattle in the state of kerala, india. the virus designated m40 was cytopathic for a variety of cultured bovine and porcine cells and it did not kill suckling mice or chicken embryos. sera from tumour-bearing cattle and goats reacted with the m40 virus. immunofluorescence tests with fitc-conjugated igg from a bovine monospecific antiserum to bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) stained the m40 virus specific antigen i ... | 1989 | 2554622 |
| proteins specified by bovine herpesvirus type 4: structural proteins of the virion and identification of two major glycoproteins by using monoclonal antibodies. | bovine herpesvirus type 4 proteins were identified by page of [35s]methionine- or [3h]glucosamine-labelled purified virions. thirty-one monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against the v. test strain were used to identify 29 proteins, ten of which were glycosylated. all of these glycoproteins belonged to the viral envelope and a 140k non-glycosylated protein appeared to be the major nucleocapsid protein. the mabs were classified into two groups. the first group precipitated three glycoproteins of ... | 1989 | 2472465 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: polymerase chain reaction survey for ovine herpesvirus 2 and other persistent herpesvirus and retrovirus infections of dairy cattle and bison. | using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for sequences of ovine herpesvirus 2 (ohv2), this virus was shown to be significantly associated with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) in terminal cases of disease in 34 cattle and 53 bison. ovine herpesvirus 2 was not detected in cattle (38) and bison (10) that succumbed to other diseases. other persistent herpesviruses, retroviruses, and pestivirus, some of which have been previously isolated from cases of sa-mcf, were not associa ... | 2000 | 11021426 |
| the biology of bovine herpesvirus-4 infection of cattle. | the biology of bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) infection of cattle is reviewed. the infection is distributed worldwide. most of isolated viruses are non-pathogenic in cattle; some of them are able to produce a genital disease. twenty-nine structural polypeptides were described; ten of them are glycosylated. two major glycoproteins were characterized by monoclonal antibodies. restriction maps of bhv-4 dna are available for the enzymes ecori, bamhi and hindiii. the strain variations studied by restri ... | 1990 | 2155770 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) dna in the cell fraction of milk of dairy cattle with history of bohv-4 infection. | we have demonstrated, by pcr and restriction enzyme analysis of the pcr product, the presence of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) dna in the cell fraction of milk from dairy cattle with a history of bohv-4 infection. we next evaluated the infectious nature of bohv-4 dna in those cells. cocultivation of a bohv-4-sensitive cell line with bohv-4 dna-positive milk cell samples produced cytopathic effects. the same result was obtained from frozen and thawed milk cell fraction coming from the cell milk f ... | 2000 | 11101621 |
| comparison of proteins of simian herpesvirus aotus type 2 and bovine herpesvirus type 4. | genomes of herpesvirus aotus type 2 (hva-2) and bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) have previously been shown to be closely similar. moreover, preliminary serological data indicated that hva-2 is antigenically related to bhv-4. to extend this study, structural components of four bhv-4 strains and hva-2 were compared by sds-page, radioimmunoprecipitation and western blotting. the overall pattern of structural proteins was the same for hva-2 and bhv-4 but variations were observed in electrophoretic ... | 1991 | 1903435 |
| genome sequence of bovine herpesvirus 4, a bovine rhadinovirus, and identification of an origin of dna replication. | bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) is a gammaherpesvirus of cattle. the complete long unique coding region (lur) of bohv-4 strain 66-p-347 was determined by a shotgun approach. together with the previously published noncoding terminal repeats, the entire genome sequence of bohv-4 is now available. the lur consists of 108,873 bp with an overall g+c content of 41.4%. at least 79 open reading frames (orfs) are present in this coding region, 17 of them unique to bohv-4. in contrast to herpesvirus saimiri ... | 2001 | 11152491 |