| equine herpesvirus 5: comparisons with ehv2 (equine cytomegalovirus), cloning, and mapping of a new equine herpesvirus with a novel genome structure. | a new equine herpesvirus, provisionally designated equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv5; browning and studdert (1987) j. gen. virol. 68, 1441-1447), was examined for the degree of genomic difference from equine herpesvirus 2 (ehv2) by southern hybridizations. ehv5 and ehv2 whole genomic dna probes were highly specific for homologous dna only, indicating that significant genomic difference exists between the two viruses. restriction endonuclease analysis of ehv5 strain 2-141 (ehv5.2-141) revealed that the ... | 1992 | 1329316 |
| diagnosis of equine gammaherpesvirus 2 and 5 infections by polymerase chain reaction. | nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were developed for the detection of equine herpesvirus 2 (ehv2) and equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv5) using the nucleotide sequences from the glycoprotein b (gb) gene of ehv2 and the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of ehv5. the simultaneous use of ehv2 specific and ehv5 specific primers in one nested amplification assay (multiplex pcr) enabled a rapid, specific and sensitive diagnosis for each virus. pcr was found to be 10(3) times more sensitive than virus iso ... | 1995 | 7611877 |
| comparative studies of the structural proteins and glycoproteins of equine herpesviruses 2 and 5. | the structural proteins of equine herpesvirus 2 (ehv-2) and ehv-5, recently shown to be gammaherpesviruses, were identified and compared. labelled proteins and glycoproteins were separated by sds-page and although ehv-2 and ehv-5 had similar protein profiles, bands in some positions were virus-specific. six glycoproteins, with distinct profiles, were identified for both ehv-2 and ehv-5. rabbit antisera to ehv-2 and ehv-5 and horse antiserum to ehv-2 were used in radioimmunoprecipitations, wester ... | 1994 | 7931157 |
| equine herpesviruses 2 and 5 are gamma-herpesviruses. | equine herpesviruses 2 and 5 (ehv-2 and ehv-5) have biological properties and genome structures that support their classification as members of the betaherpesvirinae. in order to investigate whether this is supported by genetic data, we analysed the sequences of random dna fragments and identified 25 ehv-2 and 28 ehv-5 genes that encode amino acid sequences with significant homology to proteins from other herpesviruses. greatest similarity was to proteins specified by the gamma-herpesviruses eps ... | 1993 | 8337826 |
| characterisation of gamma herpesviruses in the horse by pcr. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on a combination of oligonucleotide primers selected using the octamer frequency disparity method with primers specific for ehv-5 (described by other authors) recognized all of a series of gamma herpesvirus field isolates. this pcr produced only three fragments: (1) one ehv-2-specific; (2) one ehv-5-specific; and (3) a fragment that occurred alone or in combination with the other two. cloning and sequencing of four different isolates yielding only the last ... | 1997 | 9375003 |
| detection of equine herpesvirus types 2 and 5 (ehv-2 and ehv-5) in przewalski's wild horses. | in blood samples of seven captive equid species from four german zoos ehv-1 specific antibodies were detected in 76% and ehv-4 specific antibodies in 73% of the 55 animals, whereas 93% were tested positive for ehv-2 and ehv-5, respectively. in only one blood sample from a przewalski's wild horse ehv-4 dna was amplified by pcr. from seven przewalski's wild horses ehv-2, and from another one ehv-5 was isolated by cocultivation. the identity of the virus isolates was verified by pcr and restriction ... | 1999 | 10365167 |
| detection of new dna polymerase genes of known and potentially novel herpesviruses by pcr with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. | a consensus primer pcr approach was used to (i) investigate the presence of herpesviruses in wild and zoo equids (zebra, wild ass, tapir) and to (ii) study the genetic relationship of the herpesvirus of pigeons (columbid herpesvirus 1) to other herpesvirus species. the pcr assay, based on degenerate primers targeting highly conserved regions of the dna polymerase gene of herpesviruses, was modified by using a mixture of degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. the applicability of the mo ... | 1999 | 10456789 |
| identification, sequence analysis and characterisation of equine herpesvirus 5 glycoprotein b. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the gammaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv5) glycoprotein b (gb) was determined and the deduced amino acid sequence compared with that of the second equine gammaherpesvirus ehv2. ehv5 gb is an 870 amino acid protein and is 79% similar and 66% identical with ehv2 gb at the amino acid level. ehv5 gb like ehv2 gb is a disulphide linked heterodimer with subunits of 92 and 68 kda. ehv5 gb is an integral membrane glycoprotein containing only n-linked oligosaccha ... | 1999 | 10470254 |
| genomic variability of equine herpesvirus-5. | seventeen new zealand isolates of equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5) were compared to the australian prototype strain. pcr primers were designed to amplify ehv-5 glycoprotein b (gb) gene, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) was used to detect differences between cloned pcr products. ehv-5 isolates from different horses showed a high degree of heterogeneity. however, ehv-5 isolates from individual horses remained homogeneous when examined over a period of time or isolated from different ... | 2000 | 10963342 |
| analysis of equine herpesvirus 2 strain variation using monoclonal antibodies to glyucoprotein b. | the antigenic relationships of four genomically divergent strains of equine herpesvirus 2 (ehv2.86/67, ehv2.5fn, ehv2.141 and ehv2.t-2) and equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv5) were examined in elisa using a panel of ehv2.86/67 gb-specific mabs. ehv2.86/67 and ehv2.5fn were shown to be more similar to each other than to ehv2.t-2, ehv2.141 or ehv5. seven of nine ehv2.86/67 gb specific mabs tested in serum neutralisation assays were shown to neutralise ehv2.86/67 and ehv2.5fn but not ehv2.141, ehv2.t-2 or ... | 2000 | 11003478 |
| identification of equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5, equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, equine arteritis virus and equine rhinitis a virus by polymerase chain reaction. | to develop rapid (< 8 hour) tests using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 3 (ehv3; equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 (ehv2) and ehv5, equine adenovirus 1 (eadv1), eadv2, equine arteritis virus (eav), equine rhinitis a virus (erav; formerly equine rhinovirus 1) | 2001 | 11712710 |
| prevalence of equine herpesvirus types 2 and 5 in horse populations by using type-specific pcr assays. | equineherpesvirustypes 2 and 5 (ehv-2andehv-5)have a rather unclearpathogenicity and distribution within the equid population. in order to gain more information on the prevalence of these two viruses, type-specific pcr assays were developed to detect viral dna in nasal specimens and in peripheral blood leukocytes (pbls) of adult horses and foals from various regions of europe, i.e. sweden, hungary and the united kingdom. in adult horses, the prevalence of ehv-2 in pbls was up to 68% in sweden an ... | 2002 | 12056476 |
| detection and nucleotide sequencing of a dna-packaging protein gene of equine gammaherpesviruses. | in previous studies, novel putative viral pathogens designated that asinine herpesvirus 4 (ashv4) and asinine herpesvirus 5 (ashv5) were associated with fatal interstitial pneumonia in donkeys (equus asinus). nucleotide sequence analysis of a portion of the dna polymerase gene identified these putative pathogens as herpesviruses and possibly as members of the gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. although similar to equine herpesvirus 2 (ehv2) and equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv5), sequence diversity was obse ... | 2004 | 14974850 |
| isolation of equine herpesvirus type 5 in new zealand. | to report the first isolation of equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5) in new zealand as part of a study of equine respiratory viruses in new zealand. | 1999 | 16032069 |
| viruses associated with outbreaks of equine respiratory disease in new zealand. | to identify viruses associated with respiratory disease in young horses in new zealand. | 2002 | 16032259 |
| equine respiratory viruses in foals in new zealand. | to identify the respiratory viruses that are present among foals in new zealand and to establish the age at which foals first become infected with these viruses. | 2002 | 16032260 |
| temporal detection of equine herpesvirus infections of a cohort of mares and their foals. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of equine herpesviruses (ehv) 1-5 in the nasal secretions (ns) of a cohort of 12 mares and their foals from birth to 6 months of age, estimate the prevalence of ehv-1-5 infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of selected foals, and investigate phylogenetic relationships amongst the various strains of ehv-2 and 5. virus-specific pcr assays were used to detect ehv-1-5 in ns and pbmc. a homologous portion of the glycoprotei ... | 2006 | 16774810 |
| isolation of equine herpesvirus-5 from blood mononuclear cells of a gelding. | horses are commonly infected by herpesviruses, but isolation of equine herpesvirus-5 (ehv-5) has only infrequently been reported. we describe the isolation and characterization of a strain of ehv-5 from the blood mononuclear cells of a healthy adult horse in california. the virus was initially identified by ehv-5 specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and it caused lytic infection of cultured rabbit kidney cells only after repeated serial passage. virions with characteristic herpesvirus morph ... | 2006 | 17037617 |
| detection of viruses in nasal swab samples from horses with acute, febrile, respiratory disease using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction and serology. | to examine the association of viruses with acute febrile respiratory disease in horses. design nasal swab and serum samples were collected from 20 horses with acute febrile upper respiratory disease that was clinically assessed to have a viral origin. | 2007 | 17300454 |
| equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: a newly recognized herpesvirus-associated fibrotic lung disease. | pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease are poorly understood in horses; the causes of such conditions are rarely identified. equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5) is a gamma-herpesvirus of horses that has not been associated with disease in horses. pathologic and virologic findings from 24 horses with progressive nodular fibrotic lung disease associated with ehv-5 infection are described and compared with 23 age-matched control animals. gross lesions consisted of multiple nodules of fibrosis th ... | 2007 | 18039898 |
| study of equid herpesviruses 2 and 5 in iceland with a type-specific polymerase chain reaction. | the horse population in iceland is a special breed, isolated from other horses for at least 1000 years. this provides an exceptional opportunity to investigate old and new pathogens in an inbred herd with few infectious diseases. we have developed a high sensitivity semi-nested pcr to study equid gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5 (ehv-2 and 5) in iceland. the first pcr is group specific, the second type-specific, targeting a 113bp sequence in the glyb gene. dna isolated from white blood cells and 18 di ... | 2008 | 18336849 |
| multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in five horses. | 5 horses were evaluated because of decreased appetite, weight loss, fever, cough, tachypnea, and respiratory distress. | 2008 | 18341449 |
| identification of equid herpesvirus-5 in respiratory liquids: a retrospective study of 785 samples taken in 2006-2007. | during a case control study undertaken in 2006-2007, a screening and consensus polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed to evaluate the potential role of equid herpesviruses (ehv) in several occurrences of respiratory disorders in 661 horses. of 785 bronchoalveolar or tracheal lavage fluid samples submitted for analysis, 20 were positive for ehv-5 dna by sequential analysis of the consensus pcr product. nineteen of those samples were confirmed using a specific ehv-5 pcr. no particular chang ... | 2009 | 18757217 |
| immune response against equine gammaherpesvirus in icelandic horses. | horses are hosts to two types of gammaherpesviruses, equine herpes virus (ehv) 2 and 5. while ehv-2 is ubiquitous in adult horses, ehv-5 has been less frequently described. due to strong serological cross-reactivity, ehv-2 and -5 cannot be discriminated in broad spectrum antibody tests and are thus commonly referred to as gamma-ehv. total igg and igg subclass response against gamma-ehv were determined in serum from 41 healthy icelandic horses, thereof 20 adults, 10 foals aged 10 months, and 11 f ... | 2009 | 19217222 |
| herpesviruses in respiratory liquids of horses: putative implication in airway inflammation and association with cytological features. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and the potential role of equine herpesviruses (ehvs) detection in both bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and tracheal wash (tw). the population included a control group (ctl; 37 tw and 25 bal) and a pathological group (pat; 259 tw and 387 bal), including horses either suffering from respiratory diseases including syndrome of tracheal inflammation, inflammatory airway disease, recurrent airway obstruction, or submitted to respiratory invest ... | 2009 | 19427139 |
| clinical aspects of multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in two warmblood horses. | two warmblood horses with a history of chronic weight loss and inappetence were referred to the faculty of veterinary medicine, ludwig-maximilians university of munich, germany, for further examination. the clinical signs in horse 1 were fever, tachycardia and tachypnoea, and chronic ulcerative keratopathy of both eyes. horse 2 had severe oral ulcerations and was coughing during feeding. in both horses, increased bronchovesicular sounds were heard during auscultation of the lungs. laboratory fin ... | 2010 | 20364010 |
| isolation and partial sequencing of equid herpesvirus 5 from a horse in iceland. | horses are hosts to 2 types of gammaherpesviruses, equid herpesvirus 2 and 5 (ehv-2 and ehv-5, respectively). both ehv-2 and ehv-5 are common in horses in iceland. an icelandic ehv-5 isolate was recovered by sequential culture in primary fetal horse kidney and rabbit kidney cells. glycoprotein b, glycoprotein h, and dna terminase genes of the isolate were fully sequenced, and the dna polymerase gene was partly sequenced. to date, the glycoprotein b gene of ehv-5 was the only gene that has been r ... | 2010 | 20453218 |
| age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection. | equid herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5) infection was detected in a farm in italy by the use of a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting glycoprotein b of ehv-5 on nasal swabs and blood samples of clinically healthy and randomly selected lipizzaner horses (n = 55). twenty-five horses at the age of 4-17 years and 30 at an age of 1-3 years were sampled once. the association of the infection with these age-groups and the gender of the horses was investigated. the apparent prevalence of ehv-5 inf ... | 2010 | 20842426 |
| Equid herpesvirus 5-associated dermatitis in a horse-Resembling herpes-associated erythema multiforme. | An equid herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) infection was detected in lesioned skin from a nine-year-old Holsteiner stallion in the south of Germany. Macroscopically, the animal displayed a non-pruritic, multifocal, pustular dermatitis around both eyes, nostrils and the muzzle, which had been ongoing for one year. Histopathologically, skin lesions were characterized by orthokeratotic to parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, pustular dermatitis, epidermal hyperplasia, apoptotic keratinocytes, a lympho-plasmahistiocyt ... | 2011 | 21996546 |
| quantification of equid herpesvirus 5 dna in clinical and necropsy specimens collected from a horse with equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. | a 15-year-old belgian gelding was referred for fever, depression, and respiratory distress. lung biopsy revealed interstitial fibrosis consistent with chronic interstitial pneumonia. equid herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5) dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsy specimens. a presumptive diagnosis of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (empf) was made, and the horse was administered a systemic treatment with corticosteroids and antiviral drugs. despite init ... | 2011 | 21908328 |
| multiple molecular detection of respiratory viruses and associated signs of airway inflammation in racehorses. | the potential involvement of viruses in inflammatory airway disease (iad) was previously investigated through either serology or pcr from nasopharyngeal swabs (ns). the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and incidence of viral genome detection by qpcr in the equine airways, and their association with respiratory clinical signs. | 2016 | 27899161 |
| assessment of quantitative polymerase chain reaction for equine herpesvirus-5 in blood, nasal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the laboratory diagnosis of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. | the ante mortem diagnosis of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (empf) relies on histopathological results and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-positive equine herpesvirus (ehv)-5 testing of lung tissue. polymerase chain reaction detection of ehv-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) is commonly used to support a diagnosis of empf. however, the diagnostic power of ehv-5 testing on balf and other biological samples such as blood and nasal secretions has yet to be shown to support a diagnosi ... | 2017 | 26639080 |
| genetic variation and dynamics of infections of equid herpesvirus 5 in individual horses. | equid herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5) is related to the human epstein-barr virus (human herpesvirus 4) and has frequently been observed in equine populations worldwide. ehv-5 was previously assumed to be low to non-pathogenic; however, studies have also related the virus to the severe lung disease equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (empf). genetic information of ehv-5 is scanty: the whole genome was recently described and only limited nucleotide sequences are available. in this study, samples were tak ... | 2016 | 26518010 |
| prevalence of equine gammaherpesviruses on breeding farms in turkey and development of a taqman mgb real-time pcr to detect equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5). | equine herpesvirus type 2 (ehv-2) and ehv-5 are members of the subfamily gammaherpesvirinae. the viruses are detected in horses with upper respiratory tract disease and are associated with low performance in racehorses. the aim of the current study was to use nested pcr to investigate the epidemiology of ehv-2 and ehv-5 in arabian horse populations from breeding farms located in three different cities (eskişehir, malatya, and bursa) in turkey, using a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) with a taq ... | 2014 | 25008897 |
| identification of the first new zealand case of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. | a 10-year-old polo mare presented with a history of weight loss, poor condition and inappetance. | 2014 | 24597743 |
| gammaherpesviruses and pulmonary fibrosis: evidence from humans, horses, and rodents. | progressive lung fibrosis in humans, typified by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf), is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in people. similar diseases have been described in dogs, cats, and horses. the cause and pathogenesis of such diseases in all species is poorly understood. there is growing evidence in human medicine that ipf is a manifestation of abnormal wound repair in response to epithelial injury. because viruses can contribute to epithelial injury, there is increasing interest ... | 2014 | 24569614 |
| experimental induction of pulmonary fibrosis in horses with the gammaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus 5. | gammaherpesviruses (γhv) are implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in humans and murine models of lung fibrosis, however there is little direct experimental evidence that such viruses induce lung fibrosis in the natural host. the equine γhv ehv 5 is associated with equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (empf), a progressive fibrosing lung disease in its natural host, the horse. experimental reproduction of empf has not been attempted to date. we hypothesized that inoculation of e ... | 2013 | 24147074 |
| equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in three horses in australia. | equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (empf) is a recently described form of interstitial pneumonia associated with the presence of equine herpesvirus type 5 (ehv-5). since 2007, several case reports from america, europe and the united kingdom have further characterised the clinical presentation and laboratory findings of this disease. | 2013 | 23782020 |
| epidemiology and molecular detection of equine herpesviruses in western algeria in 2011. | an episode of acute equine respiratory infection was reported in western algeria (tiaret province) between february and march 2011, affecting a large population of horses. nasal swabs (n=100) were taken from horses aged between 1 and 27 years, presenting with cough and mucopurulent nasal discharge. the prevalence of equine respiratory virus infections was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr). one, or more, of four equine respiratory viruses were detected in the nasal swab ... | 2017 | 28757025 |
| genetic diversity of equine gammaherpesviruses (γ-ehv) and isolation of a syncytium forming ehv-2 strain from a horse in iceland. | the horse population in iceland is a special breed, isolated from other equines for at least one thousand years. this provides an exceptional opportunity to investigate old and new pathogens in a genetically closed herd. both types of equine gammaherpesviruses, ehv-2 and ehv-5, are common in iceland. genetic variation was examined by sequencing four genes, glycoprotein b (gb), glycoprotein h (gh), dna polymerase and dna terminase for 12 icelandic and seven foreign ehv-2 strains. one icelandic vi ... | 2013 | 22862856 |
| detection of equid herpesviruses 2 and 5 in a herd of 266 lipizzaners in association with ocular findings. | a herd of lipizzaners (n=266) in three locations [federal stud piber (styria), heldenberg (lower austria) and the spanish riding school vienna (vienna)] were examined for ocular diseases and tested for herpesviruses (hvs) in pbmcs, nasal- and conjunctival swabs. in 167 (62.8%) horses equid herpesvirus-2 (ehv-2) nucleic acid was identified in at least one of the investigated samples, and 136 (51.1%) horses were positive for equid herpesvirus-5 (ehv-5) nucleic acid in at least one of the samples. ... | 2013 | 23434188 |
| genome sequences of equid herpesviruses 2 and 5. | we resequenced the genome of equid herpesvirus 2 (ehv2) strain 86/67 and sequenced the genomes of ehv2 strain g9/92 and equid herpesvirus 5 (ehv5) strain 2-141/67. the most prominent genetic differences are the dissimilar locations of the interleukin-10 (il-10)-like genes and the presence of an ox-2-like gene in ehv5 only. | 2015 | 25767243 |
| establishment and characterization of fetal equine kidney and lung cells with extended lifespan. susceptibility to equine gammaherpesvirus infection and transfection efficiency. | due to the slow growth of equine gammaherpesviruses, isolation of these viruses requires cells that can be propagated long term and show clear cytopathy following infection. equine cell lines with extended lifespan were established from primary cells originating from equine fetal kidney and lung by transfecting the cells with the retroviral vector lxsn116e6e7 containing the human papilloma virus oncogenes 16 e6 and e7. the transfected equine kidney cell line and equine lung cell line can be prop ... | 2016 | 27173610 |
| mapping b lymphocytes as major reservoirs of naturally occurring latent equine herpesvirus 5 infection. | equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv5) is a commonly detected gammaherpesvirus, which, along with the closely related ehv2, constitute the only two known percaviruses that infect horses. apart from detection in horse populations worldwide and the recent publication of the whole genome, there is little known about the biology and pathogenesis of this virus, with many assumptions made by parallels with ehv2. the long-term survival of gammaherpesviruses within infected hosts involves the establishment and mai ... | 2017 | 27902371 |
| association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study. | inflammatory airway disease (iad) in horses, similar to asthma in humans, is a common cause of chronic poor respiratory health and exercise intolerance due to airway inflammation and exaggerated airway constrictive responses. human rhinovirus is an important trigger for the development of asthma; a similar role for viral respiratory disease in equine iad has not been established yet. | 2015 | 26535117 |
| a survey of respiratory viruses in new zealand horses. | to determine which viruses circulate among selected populations of new zealand horses and whether or not viral infections were associated with development of respiratory disease. | 2013 | 23425354 |
| role of equine herpesviruses as co-infecting agents in cases of abortion, placental disease and neonatal foal mortality. | herpesviral infections frequently occur in horses. the objective of this study was to investigate the possible association of equine herpesviruses (ehv-1, ehv-2, ehv-3, ehv-4, ehv-5) with other causes of abortion, neonatal mortality or placental disorder. sixty-seven abortions, 22 stillbirths, 14 cases of neonatal foal mortality and 3 cases of placental disease were investigated for infectious and non-infectious causes. type-specific nested pcr assays and virus isolation were performed to detect ... | 2013 | 24052369 |
| detection of equine herpesvirus (ehv) -1, -2, -4 and -5 in ethiopian equids with and without respiratory problems and genetic characterization of ehv-2 and ehv-5 strains. | infections with equine herpesviruses (ehvs) are widespread in equine populations worldwide. whereas both ehv-1 and ehv-4 produce well-documented respiratory syndromes in equids, the contribution of ehv-2 and ehv-5 to disease of the respiratory tract is still enigmatic. this study describes the detection and genetic characterization of ehvs from equids with and without clinical respiratory disease. virus-specific pcrs were used to detect ehv-1, -2, -4 and -5. from the total of 160 equids with res ... | 2017 | 28102009 |
| development and application of a quantitative pcr assay to study equine herpesvirus 5 invasion and replication in equine tissues in vitro and in vivo. | equine herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5) infection is associated with pulmonary fibrosis in horses, but further studies on ehv-5 persistence in equine cells are needed to fully understand viral and host contributions to disease pathogenesis. our aim was to develop a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay to measure ehv-5 viral copy number in equine cell cultures, blood lymphocytes, and nasal swabs of horses. furthermore, we used a recently developed equine primary respiratory cell culture system to study ehv-5 patho ... | 2017 | 28455133 |
| equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in association with asinine herpesvirus type 5 and equine herpesvirus type 5: a case report. | a standardbred gelding with a history of 10 days pyrexia and lethargy was referred to the equine hospital at the swedish university of agricultural sciences in uppsala, sweden.the horse had tachypnea with increased respiratory effort and was in thin body condition. laboratory findings included leukocytosis, hyperfibrinogenemia and hypoxemia. thoracic radiographs showed signs of pneumonia with a multifocal nodular pattern, which in combination with lung biopsy findings indicated equine multinodul ... | 2012 | 23009194 |
| hybprobes-based real-time pcr assay for rapid detection of equine herpesvirus type 2 dna. | equid herpesvirus type 2 (ehv-2) together with equid herpesvirus type 5 are members of gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, genus rhadinovirus. ehv-2 is one of major agents causing diseases of horses common worldwide. a possible role of ehv-2 in reactivating latent equid herpesvirus type-1 has been suggested, because reactivation of latent ehv-1 was always accompanied by ehv-2 replication. variety techniques, including cell culture, pcr and its modifications, have been used to diagnose ehv-2 infections ... | 2012 | 23214358 |