| [equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection in horses (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 170706 |
| [equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection in horses. ii (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 178066 |
| failure to demonstrate equine rhinopneumonitis virus as a cause of abortion in mares in new zealand. | | 1976 | 190568 |
| equine rhinopneumonitis virus (herpesvirus type 1): attenuation in stable monkey cell line. | an isolate of virulent equine herpesvirus (ehv) type 1 was adapted to vero stable cell line by 13 serial passages at 37 c and 50 serial passages at 26 c. characteristics of the attenuated ehv-1 were found to be avirulent, but immunogenic in horses if injected intramuscularly. the attenuated virus was regularly isolated from peripheral leukocytes in inoculated horses, but was not recovered from nasal turbinate tissues. a mild leukopenia was noticed. the attenuated virus produced characteristic la ... | 1977 | 199093 |
| prevalence of antibodies to equine viruses in the netherlands. | the prevalence of antibodies to various viruses was investigated in a series of serum samples collected from horses in the netherlands between 1963 and 1966 and from 1972 onwards. neutralizing antibodies to equine rhinopneumonitis virus, equine arteritis virus and to equine rhinovirus types 1 and 2 were detected in respectively 76%, 14%, 66% and 59% of the equine serum samples tested. the observed incidence of serum samples positive to equine adenovirus in the complement fixation test was 39%. p ... | 1979 | 219560 |
| enzyme activity in the serum of thoroughbred horses in the united kingdom. | this paper records the concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (a.a.t.), creatine kinase (c.p.k.), sorbitol dehydrogenase (s.d.h.), alpha-hydroxybuturate dehydrogenase (alpha-h.b.d.) and alkaline phosphatase (a.p.) activity observed in the sera of thoroughbred horses in the united kingdom, at rest and during training. the methods of analysis have been selected to achieve the optimum precision when used for horse serum. during training a.a.t., c.p.k. and alpha-h.b.d. are related and demonst ... | 1975 | 1116493 |
| comparison of the antiviral effects of 5-methoxymethyl-deoxyuridine with 5-iododeoxyuridine, cytosine arabinoside, and adenine arabinoside. | the antiviral activity of 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (mmudr) was compared with that of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (iudr), cytosine arabinoside (ara-c), and adenine arabinoside (ara-a). at concentrations of 2 to 4 mug/ml, mmudr was inhibitory to herpes simplex virus type 1, but concentrations as high as 128 mug/ml were not inhibitory to three other herpesviruses tested (equine rhinopneumonitis virus, murine cytomegalovirus, and feline rhinopneumonitis virus) or to vaccinia virus. the other nucle ... | 1975 | 1239978 |
| an immunoperoxidase method applied to the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus abortion, using conventional and rapid microwave techniques. | an indirect immunoperoxidase (imp) technique was applied to cryostat and paraffin sections of liver from ten aborted equine foetuses. equid herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) had been isolated from seven of them and ehv-4 from one: the remaining two were virologically negative and were not used as controls. in the eight virus-infected cases the immunostaining revealed foci of cells exhibiting a distinct brown cytoplasmic and inclusion body pigmentation. no specific signal was present in the non-infected ... | 1992 | 1313357 |
| diagnosis of equid herpesviruses -1 and -4 by polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a sensitive technique used to detect dna of viral pathogens. we have applied the technique to the detection of equid herpesviruses-1 and -4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) dna within nasopharyngeal swab samples from horses. ninety-eight samples from suspected field cases and in-contact horses were analysed. the assays were conducted blind and later decoded and compared with virus isolation data. our results indicate that pcr is a sensitive and rapid technique for the dia ... | 1992 | 1313360 |
| identification and characterization of an equine herpesvirus 1 late gene encoding a potential zinc finger. | in this report, we present the dna sequence and transcriptional characterization of a gene (ir5) that maps within each of the inverted repeat (ir) segments of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) genome. the ir5 open reading frame (orf) is located within both ir sequences (nucleotides 9932-10,642 of the ir). dna sequence analyses of the ir5 gene region revealed an orf of 236 amino acids (24,793 da) that showed significant homology to orf64 of varicella-zoster virus and orf3 of ehv-4 both of whi ... | 1992 | 1316680 |
| the effects of equine rhinovirus, influenza virus and herpesvirus infection on tracheal clearance rate in horses. | the response of horses exposed to three common respiratory viruses was studied by measuring tracheal mucociliary clearance rates in the trachea. tracheal clearance rates (tcr) were determined before, during illness and following recovery in horses exposed to equine rhinovirus (erhv-2), equine influenza virus (eiv) and equine herpesvirus (ehv-4) by means of lateral scintigraphs made following an injection of technetium-99m sulphide colloid into the tracheal lumen. in six horses exposed to erhv-2, ... | 1992 | 1317244 |
| the pathogenicity of ab4p, the sequenced strain of equine herpesvirus-1, in specific pathogen-free foals. | the sequencing of the genome of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) is reported in elizabeth a. r. telford, moira s. watson, kathryn mcbride, and andrew j. davison, 1992, virology, 189, 304-316. the sequence was derived using a plaque-purified clone of ehv-1 strain ab4 (designated ab4p). to ensure that ab4p shares the pathogenic characteristics of parental ab4 (hereafter ab4), both were inoculated intranasally into foals, specifically free from ehv-1 and ehv-4. clinical signs, including rectal temperat ... | 1992 | 1318607 |
| cloning and restriction endonuclease mapping of the genome of an equine herpesvirus 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus), strain 405/76. | purified virion dna of an australian isolate of equine herpesvirus 4(ehv 4.405/76) was digested with restriction enzymes and the dna fragments were cloned into puc19. the resulting recombinant plasmid library, representing 92% of the virus genome, was used in hybridization analyses to construct restriction maps for bamhi, ecori, and sali for the ehv4 genome. the results show that the genome of ehv 4.405/76 was approximately 145 kb and comprised a unique long (ul) region of 112 kb and a unique sh ... | 1992 | 1318713 |
| epizootiological aspects of type 1 and type 4 equine herpesvirus infections among horse populations. | the dissemination of equine herpesvirus types 1 (ehv-1) and 4 (ehv-4) among various horse populations in japan was investigated through the isolation and typing of virus strains from horses with respiratory diseases. type specific monoclonal antibody pools were used for the typing of isolates. the 42 strains of ehv-1 and 64 strains of ehv-4 were isolated from 4593 nasal swabs and/or blood plasma samples collected from 3326 horses during a period from 1979 to 1990. all the strains of ehv-1 were i ... | 1992 | 1318750 |
| the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) homolog of herpes simplex virus type 1 us9 and the nature of a major deletion within the unique short segment of the ehv-1 kya strain genome. | the dna sequence of the short (s) genomic component of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1)kya strain has been determined recently in our laboratory. analysis of a 1353-bp bamhi/pvuii clone mapping at the unique short/terminal inverted repeat (us/tr) junction revealed 507 bp of us and 846 bp of tr sequences as well as an open reading frame (orf) that is contained entirely within the us. this orf encodes a potential polypeptide of 219 amino acids that shows significant homology to the us9 protei ... | 1992 | 1326805 |
| serological responses of specific pathogen-free foals to equine herpesvirus-1: primary and secondary infection, and reactivation. | serum antibody (virus neutralisation, complement fixation, igm and igg) responses to equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) infection were measured in six foals which were initially free from ehv-1 and ehv-4 infection and maternally-derived antibodies. following primary infection, high titres of virus neutralisation and complement fixation antibodies were detectable against ehv-1, however, corresponding antibody levels against ehv-4 were low or inapparent, although the two viruses share a number of cross- ... | 1992 | 1333670 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of a gene in feline herpesvirus type 1 homologous to the herpes simplex virus gene encoding the glycoprotein b. | the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein b (gb) homologous gene of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) was determined. the gene was found to be located within a 9.6 kbp sali fragment by southern-blot hybridization with a probe derived from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gb dna sequence. furthermore, the predominant portion of the coding sequences was mapped to a 1.9 kbp hin cii-ecori and its flanking 2.7 kbp eco ri-eco ri subfragments in the 9.6 kbp sali fragment. the entire nucleotide ... | 1992 | 1333759 |
| detection of equine herpesvirus and differentiation of equine herpesvirus type 1 from type 4 by the polymerase chain reaction. | although both equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv-4) can be associated with respiratory disease, epizootics caused by ehv-1 are much more serious because the virus can cause abortions and paralysis. it is, therefore, important to identify the type of ehv involved in an outbreak by a test that is quick, sensitive, and reliable. we have adapted the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect and distinguish between ehv-1 and ehv-4 in the same reaction. primers for pc ... | 1992 | 1335829 |
| latent equid herpesviruses 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and co-cultivation were used to identify the lymphoreticular system as the site of latency of equid herpesvirus i (ehv-1). primers for pcr were designed from aligned nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein gb genes to amplify the same region of both the ehv-1 and ehv-4 genomes. subsequent restriction digests using specific enzymes distinguished the amplified fragments of the ehv-1 genome from those of the ehv-4 genome. ten weeks following an experimental infe ... | 1992 | 1347078 |
| icp22 homolog of equine herpesvirus 1: expression from early and late promoters. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the short region, made up of a unique segment (us; 6.5 kb) bracketed by a pair of inverted repeat sequences (ir; 12.8 kb each), of the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) genome has been determined recently in our laboratory. analysis of the ir segment revealed a major open reading frame (orf) designated ir4. the ir4 orf exhibits significant homology to the immediate-early gene us1 (icp22) of herpes simplex virus type 1 and to the icp22 homologs of varicella-zoster v ... | 1992 | 1370553 |
| susceptibility of a line of dolphin kidney cell culture to several herpesviruses. | a cell line was established from cell cultures of kidney cortex of a pantropical spotted dolphin, stenella attenuate. the replication of 6 strains of herpesviruses was studied in the cells. five strains of them, herpes simplex virus type i and type ii, equine rhinopneumonitis virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and aujeszky's disease virus, were grown fairly well in showing clear cytopathic effects and plaques under agar overlay medium. | 1992 | 1460566 |
| identification of equine herpesvirus 4 glycoprotein g: a type-specific, secreted glycoprotein. | equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4) glycoproteins of m(r) 63k and 250k were identified in the supernatant of infected cell cultures. the 63k glycoprotein was type-specific; that is, it reacted with monospecific sera from horses that had been immunized or infected with ehv4, but not with monospecific sera from horses immunized or infected with ehv1, a closely related alphaherpesvirus. it was postulated that the secreted protein may be the homologue of similarly secreted glycoproteins of herpes simplex vi ... | 1992 | 1529525 |
| [year-round antibody profile of groups of horses of a herd kept in isolation after differently terminating use of an experimental viral combination vaccine]. | the commercial vaccine "resequin f konz." devised against viral respiratory infections of horses contains the abortigenic equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1). therefore we had used it in our protection project of the austrian lipizzaners+ primarily to prevent abortions. taking into account the recent perception that for young horses the respiratory-pathogenic ehv-4 type is essential behringwerke marburg added this particular virus to their market product to produce a multicomponent experimental vaccine ... | 1991 | 1646100 |
| sequence analysis of the 4.7-kb bamhi-ecori fragment of the equine herpesvirus type-1 short unique region. | to localize gene that may encode immunogens potentially important for recombinant vaccine design, we have analysed a region of the equine herpesvirus type-1 (ehv-1) genome where a glycoprotein-encoding gene had previously been mapped. the 4707-bp bamhi-ecori fragment from the short unique region of the ehv-1 genome was sequenced. this sequence contains three entire open reading frames (orfs), and portions of two more. orf1 codes for 161 amino acids (aa), and represents the c terminus of a possib ... | 1991 | 1647359 |
| clinical signs and humoral immune response in horses following equine herpesvirus type-1 infection and their susceptibility to equine herpesvirus type-4 challenge. | a group of three horses was experimentally infected with equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and showed clinical signs characterised by a biphasic febrile response, leucopenia and cell associated viraemia accompanied by virus shedding from the nasopharynx. a second exposure to the virus 18 days later resulted in the isolation of virus from the nasopharynx of one horse. this and a further group of three ehv-1 seropositive horses were subsequently infected with equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv-4) 147 ... | 1991 | 1664967 |
| amplification and differentiation of the dna of an abortigenic (type 1) and a respiratory (type 4) strain of equine herpesvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. | unpurified dna derived from cultures of equine fetal kidney cells infected with either equine herpesvirus type 1 or equine herpesvirus type 4 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using one pair of oligonucleotide primers. restriction endonuclease digestion of the amplified segments with pvuii, followed by electrophoresis, revealed restriction fragment length polymorphisms which enabled the two virus types to be differentiated. | 1991 | 1679247 |
| studies on glycoprotein 13 (gp13) of equid herpesvirus 1 using affinity-purified gp13, glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides in a hamster model. | hamsters were immunized with either an affinity-purified preparation of equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein 13 (gp13) or synthetic peptides representing three sequences within the homologous glycoprotein of ehv-4, resulting in the production of anti-peptide (in the case of peptide-immunized animals) or antivirus antibodies. the sera from gp13-immunized hamsters contained antibodies which showed virus-neutralizing activity and complement-mediated antibody lysis of ehv-1-infected target cells ... | 1991 | 1707948 |
| characterization of the major glycoproteins of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 and asinine herpesvirus 3 using monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of 14 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was used to characterize the high abundance glycoproteins of equine herpesviruses 4 (ehv-4) and 1 (ehv-1), and asinine herpesvirus 3 (ahv-3). the specificities of the mabs, which had been determined previously for strains of ehv-4 and -1 from the u.s.a., in general were confirmed by elisa for australian strains of these viruses. of the 14 mabs seven were ehv-4 and -1 type-common and cross-reacted with ahv-3. of the five mabs that were ehv-1 type-specifi ... | 1991 | 1716650 |
| antigenic and protein sequence homology between vp13/14, a herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein, and gp10, a glycoprotein of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4. | monospecific polyclonal antisera raised against vp13/14, a major tegument protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 cross-reacted with structural equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 proteins of mr 120,000 and 123,000, respectively; these proteins are identical in molecular weight to the corresponding glycoprotein 10 (gp10) of each virus. using a combination of immune precipitation and western immunoblotting techniques, we confirmed that anti-vp13/14 and a monoclonal antibody to gp10 reacted with the same pr ... | 1991 | 1850013 |
| one way protection between equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 in vivo. | two groups each of six sibling ponies were exposed to sequential infections with equid herpesvirus 1 or 4 (ehv-1 or ehv-4) at four or five month intervals. two exposures to ehv-4 did not significantly reduce virus shedding or pyrexia when the ponies were subsequently exposed to ehv-1. however, two sequential infections with ehv-1 completely protected against challenge with ehv-4. virus neutralising antibody in each group did not increase until 21 days after primary exposure and was subtype speci ... | 1990 | 2159176 |
| the nucleotide sequence of an equine herpesvirus 4 gene homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein h gene. | the equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) gene glycoprotein h (gh) gene homologue was localized by virtue of the conserved genomic position of this gene throughout members of the herpesvirus family. the gene maps immediately downstream of the thymidine kinase gene at approximately 0.49 to 0.51 map units within genomic fragment bamh1 c. the ehv-4 gh primary translation product is predicted to be a polypeptide of mr 94,100, 855 amino acids long, which possesses features characteristic of a membrane glycopr ... | 1990 | 2167933 |
| comparative studies of the proteins of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 and asinine herpesvirus 3: antibody response of the natural hosts. | proteins of purified virions of equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4; equine rhinopneumonitis), ehv-1 (equine abortion virus) and asinine herpesvirus 3 (ahv-3) were compared by metabolic labelling with [35s]methionine or [14c]glucosamine during growth of low passage virus in natural host cells (horse or donkey) and high passage virus in an appropriate cell line and analysis by sds-page. approximately 25 different proteins (mr 300k to 21.5k) were clearly resolved for each virus. the three viruses had simi ... | 1990 | 2170572 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the equine herpesvirus 4 gc gene homologue. | the genomic position of an equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) gene homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) gc gene was determined by southern analysis and dna sequencing. the gene lies within a 2-kbp bg/ii-ecori fragment mapping between 0.15 and 0.17 within the long unique component of the ehv-4 genome and is transcribed from right to left. putative promoter elements were identified upstream of the 1455-bp open reading frame which encodes a 485-amino-acid protein of unglycosylated molecular we ... | 1990 | 2171212 |
| characterization of the high mr glycoprotein (gp300) of equine herpesvirus type 1 as a novel glycoprotein with extensive o-linked carbohydrate. | the high mr glycoprotein (gp300) of equine herpesvirus type 1 was found to have an mr, estimated by sds-page, of over 400,000 and was confirmed as being a surface glycoprotein by 125i-labelling. in contrast to [3h]glucosamine, gp300 showed very low levels of [3h]glucosamine, gp300 showed very low levels of [3h]mannose incorporation. the mr of gp300 showed no detectable change upon treatment of purified virus with n-glycanase, and showed only a small change in virus-infected cells treated with tu ... | 1990 | 2172454 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the equine herpesvirus 4 thymidine kinase gene. | we have determined the genomic location and nucleotide sequence of the equine herpesvirus 4 thymidine kinase (tk) gene. the gene is positioned at approximately 0.48 map units within the long unique component of the genome and is flanked by genes encoding a herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) ul24 homologue and glycoprotein h. the predicted protein is composed of 352 amino acids, has an mr of 38,800 and exhibits 36% identity to the predicted tk of hsv-1. | 1990 | 2391500 |
| equine interferons following exposure to equid herpesvirus-1 or -4. | when 23 ponies were infected with equid herpesvirus-1 or -4 (ehv-1 or ehv-4), nasal shedding of interferon (ifn) correlated closely with the duration of viral excretion. equine interferon (eqifn) was detected in the serum only from animals infected with the ehv-1 virus, and here high levels correlated with clinical symptoms of locomotor disorder and indicated a poor prognosis. low levels of ifn were detected in explanted mononuclear cells from ponies infected with either virus. | 1989 | 2474039 |
| latency of equine herpesvirus 4. | | 1989 | 2538953 |
| identification of the gb homologues of equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4 as disulphide-linked heterodimers and their characterization using monoclonal antibodies. | equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) labelled with [14c]glucosamine were purified from infected cell culture medium and profiles of their structural proteins were obtained that enabled identification of the major glycoproteins. nine glycosylated polypeptides were identified for each virus. preparations of the purified viruses each contained a glycoprotein which was linked by disulphide bonds, as determined by diagonal gel electrophoresis under reducing/non-reducing conditions. high ... | 1989 | 2543773 |
| [infection with equine herpesvirus and its manifestation in the central nervous system of the horse]. | infections with ehv1 can lead to manifestation at the cns of horses followed by encephalomyelitis and "equine stroke". horse experiments could confirm the clinical picture and gave links to the potential pathogenesis of the disease. we also have been in the position to isolate and characterize an ehv4 virus out of the brain of a horse with cns disorders. the two viruses carry different biological properties which obviously dominate the pathogenesis. these properties as well as experimental and f ... | 1988 | 2847358 |
| a radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for detection of antibody to equine rhinopneumonitis virus (ehv-1) in horse serum. | a radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (ridea) was developed for detection and quantitation of antibodies to equine herpes virus-1 (ehv-1) in horse sera. the detection and quantitation of ehv-1 antibody levels were based on the diameter of the radial diffusion zone of specific antibody in each serum sample reacting with ehv-1 antigen. the circular zone was made visible using peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-horse immunoglobulin g and a substrate containing hydrogen peroxide. the results of the r ... | 1988 | 2847396 |
| latency of equine herpesvirus 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus) | | 1988 | 2849833 |
| latency of equine herpesvirus 4. | | 1988 | 2851205 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gb gene of equine herpesvirus 4. | the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gb gene of equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) was determined. the gene was located within a bamhi genomic library by a combination of southern and dot-blot hybridization with probes derived from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gb dna sequence. the predominant portion of the coding sequences was mapped to a 2.95-kilobase bamhi-ecori subfragment at the left-hand end of bamhi-c. potential tata box, cat box, and mrna start site sequences and the translat ... | 1989 | 2915378 |
| equine herpesvirus genomes: heterogeneity of naturally occurring type 4 isolates and of a type 1 isolate after heterologous cell passage. | the restriction endonuclease dna fingerprints of 20 low passage, epidemiologically unrelated isolates of equine herpesvirus 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus) showed considerable heterogeneity in certain fragments, the positions of which were assigned to quite restricted positions on the 141 kilobase (kb) genome. we note that the heterogeneity observed in the restriction endonuclease dna fingerprints of ehv 1 (equine abortion virus) and of pseudorabies virus also tend to map to these same restric ... | 1986 | 3022687 |
| comparative efficacy of three 2'-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (bw b759u) against pseudorabies and equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection in vitro and in laboratory animals. | the three 2'-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (fiac), 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (fiau), and 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (fmau), showed high activity in rk13 monolayers against equine rhinopneumonitis virus, (ehv-1, ic50 range 0.02-0.18 microm), aujeszky's disease virus (shv-1, pseudorabies, ic50 range 0.25-7 microm) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (1br, bhv-1, ic50 ... | 1987 | 3026244 |
| [respiratory infectious diseases in horses]. | among all infectious diseases affecting horses, respiratory disease pose the greatest threat to horses kept in stables, horses used for breeding and race horses. here a distinction should be made between the so-called monocausal infectious diseases (so-called henle-koch postulates) and multicausal infectious diseases which are the result of the synergistic interaction of different processes, that alone do not lead to disease. there is no clearcut distinction between the two groups. the most impo ... | 1987 | 3296310 |
| the fluorescent antibody technique in the diagnosis of equine rhinopneumonitis virus abortion. | using two known positive equine viral rhinopneumonitis (evr) sera, conjugates were prepared with fluorescein isothiocyanate and tested for specificity using evr infected tissue culture cells. the conjugate was then applied to selected tissues from 32 aborted fetuses and foals submitted during a natural outbreak of evr. antigen was detected in various tissues by immunofluorescence in 20 cases (62.5%). in 24 cases bovine fetal kidney cell monolayers were inoculated with a pool of lung and liver an ... | 1972 | 4114979 |
| isolation of herpesvirus from equine leukocytes: comparison with equine rhinopneumonitis virus. | an agent which possessed the properties of herpesviruses was isolated from the leukocytes of 71 out of 80 (88.7%) apparently normal iowa horses. it was ether- and heat-sensitive, dna type, and produced type-a intranuclear inclusion bodies in cell cultures. electron micrographs revealed a virion of typical herpesvirus structure. leukocyte isolate virus could be differentiated from equine rhinopneumonitis virus (erv) by serum neutralization, by growth differences in rabbit kidney cells, and by flu ... | 1970 | 4246005 |
| serologic survey of equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection among horses in various countries. | | 1965 | 4285632 |
| equine rhinopneumonitis virus as a cause of abortion in pregnant mares. | | 1966 | 4288994 |
| isolation of equine rhinopneumonitis virus from an epidemic of acute respiratory disease in horses. | | 1968 | 4295286 |
| [comparative studies on the behavior of equine rhinopneumonitis virus in different cell cultures]. | | 1967 | 4299641 |
| [determination of the effect in vitro of various antiseptics on the equine rhinopneumonitis virus]. | | 1968 | 4301305 |
| equine herpesviruses. i. isolation and characterisation of equine rhinopneumonitis virus and other equine herpesviruses from horses. | | 1970 | 4317854 |
| studies on equine herpesviruses. 1. characterisation of a strain of equine rhinopneumonitis virus isolated in queensland. | | 1970 | 4320127 |
| equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection in new zealand. | | 1970 | 4320152 |
| nature of complement-fixing antibodies in horses infected with equine rhinopneumonitis virus. | | 1970 | 4320653 |
| nervous disturbances in horses in relation to infection with equine rhinopneumonitis virus. | | 1971 | 4324962 |
| an outbreak of mare abortion in japan due to infection with equine rhinopneumonitis virus. | | 1968 | 4330977 |
| [microtest for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against equine rhinopneumonitis virus]. | | 1971 | 4332994 |
| comparison of methods for diagnosing equine rhinopneumonitis virus abortion. | | 1972 | 4340889 |
| serological survey on infection with equine rhinopneumonitis virus among soliped animals in iran. | | 1973 | 4356030 |
| light and electron microscopic study of livers from syrian golden hamsters infected with equine rhinopneumonitis virus. | | 1972 | 4669286 |
| [identification of the equine rhinopneumonitis virus isolated from aborted fetuses]. | | 1973 | 4802943 |
| isolation and properties of equine rhinopneumonitis virus. | | 1969 | 5392306 |
| [inactivation of equine rhinopneumonitis virus on various surfaces]. | | 1970 | 5519288 |
| [characterization of an equine abortion virus from poland and comparison with known equine rhinopneumonitis virus strains]. | | 1965 | 5894190 |
| [on the fine structure of equine rhinopneumonitis virus]. | | 1965 | 5894191 |
| molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of some equine herpesvirus type 1 (equine abortion virus) and type 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus) isolates. | representative strains of ehv isolated from an aborted foetus and from a horse with rhinopneumonitis in new zealand had restriction endonuclease dna fingerprints typical of those usually associated with these syndromes elsewhere and now designated ehv1 and 4 respectively. ehv1 was isolated from the brain and spinal cord of a 4-year-old gelding that died of myeloencephalitis. a mare on the same farm, at about the same time as the gelding developed myeloencephalitis, aborted and ehv1 was isolated ... | 1984 | 6099117 |
| neutrophils in antiviral immunity: inhibition of virus replication by a mediator produced by bovine neutrophils. | neutrophils collected from bovine mammary glands were placed in culture with virus-infected cell preparations that had been inactivated by ultraviolet light. upon culture with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus-infected georgia bovine kidney cells, a material was released from the neutrophils that, like interferon, inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and ibr virus. cell-free ibr virus was a less effective inducer of the inhibitor produced by neutrophils. other herp ... | 1980 | 6154112 |
| immunologic relationships between equine herpesvirus type 1 (equine abortion virus) and type 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus). | the specificity of selected immune responses to equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and type 4 (ehv-4) was examined in 3 colostrum-deprived specific-pathogen-free foals. single foals were vaccinated with inactivated ehv-1, inactivated ehv-4, or control cell lysate plus adjuvant followed by successive intranasal challenge exposures with ehv-1 and ehv-4 or with ehv-4 and ehv-1. vaccination with inactivated virus preparations elicited cellular immune responses and antibody which were augmented by sub ... | 1984 | 6208822 |
| equine herpesvirus abortion in australia 1977 to 1982. | until 1977 no case of abortion caused by equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) had been recorded in australia although the virus, called equine rhinopneumonitis virus, had been known to have been present at least since 1962. outbreaks of ehv1 abortion occurred in new south wales in 1977 and in 1981. sporadic cases of ehv1 abortion had been confirmed in some parts of australia each year since 1975. it was concluded that an abortigenic subtype of ehv1 had been introduced to australia in 1977 and that the pr ... | 1983 | 6315394 |
| gp13 (ehv-gc): a complement receptor induced by equine herpesviruses. | equine herpesviruses type 1 (ehv-1) and type 4 (ehv-4) induce a complement receptor protein on the surface of infected cells capable of binding to the third component of complement (c3). the protein mediating the binding to the c3 component of complement was identified as glycoprotein 13 (gp13, ehv-gc), as expression of the cloned viral gene under the control of a cmv promoter induced c3 binding activity at the transfected cell surface. comparable to glycoprotein c (gc) from herpes simplex virus ... | 1995 | 7483825 |
| the nucleotide sequence of asinine herpesvirus 3 glycoprotein g indicates that the donkey virus is closely related to equine herpesvirus 1. | the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein g (gg) homologue of asinine herpesvirus 3 (ahv3), a respiratory alphaherpesvirus of donkeys, was determined. the ahv3 gg gene consists of 1233 base pairs (bp) and codes for a predicted protein of 411 amino acids. this is identical in size to the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) gg gene and 6 amino acids longer than the equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4) gg gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of ahv3 gg has characteristics of a class 1 membrane protein. the ami ... | 1995 | 7487497 |
| use of lambda gt11 to identify antigenic components of equine herpesvirus 4. | a library of the equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) genome was constructed in the lambda gt11 expression vector. recombinant bacteriophage expressing ehv-4 antigens as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins were detected with rabbit antiserum raised against ehv-4 virions and convalescent horse serum. ehv-4 dna sequences contained in the immunopositive recombinants were used as hybridization probes for mapping the genes encoding the antigens on the viral genome. the dna sequence of the probes was determine ... | 1994 | 7521096 |
| cellular and antibody responses to equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 following vaccination of horses with modified-live and inactivated viruses. | the ability of monovalent and bivalent equine herpesvirus (ehv) vaccines to stimulate cellular and antibody responses to ehv-1 and ehv-4 was compared in healthy horses. comparison of data from lymphocyte blastogenesis tests in which live viruses were used as antigens and that were conducted prior to vaccination and after 2 vaccinations revealed that horses given modified-live ehv-1 had significant increases in proliferative responses to ehv-1 (p = 0.03) and ehv-4 (p = 0.04). responses to ehv-1 a ... | 1995 | 7538990 |
| equine herpesvirus 2 in pulmonary macrophages of horses. | in a search of viral agents in pulmonary macrophages of horses with chronic pulmonary disease, equine herpesvirus 2 was found to be unique. in 8 of 9 horses with chronic pulmonary disease, antigens of equine herpesvirus 2 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining of scattered foamy macrophages immediately after harvesting by bronchoalveolar lavage and fractionation on metrizamide gradients. in a healthy horse, antigens were not found. after 1 week of cultivation of bronchoalveolar la ... | 1995 | 7653883 |
| a type-specific conformational epitope on the nucleocapsid of equid herpesvirus-1 and its use in diagnosis. | a type-specific monoclonal antibody was produced by immunizing mice with purified equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1). the ehv-1 specific mab reacted with all the ehv-1 strains tested so far by indirect elisa, immunofluorescence, and immunoperoxidase tests. no reactions were detected with the ehv-4, ehv-2, or ehv-3 strains tested. the indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase tests showed that the nuclei of infected cells were predominantly stained by this mab. triton treatment of the virus and i ... | 1993 | 7688948 |
| epitopes of glycoprotein g of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 located near the c termini elicit type-specific antibody responses in the natural host. | specific serological diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4; equine rhinopneumonitis virus) and ehv1 (equine abortion virus) hitherto has not been possible because of extensive antigenic cross-reactivity between these two closely related but distinct viruses. recently, we identified ehv4 glycoprotein g (gg) and characterized it as a type-specific, secreted glycoprotein (b. s. crabb, h. s. nagesha, and m. j. studdert, virology 190:143-154, 1992). this paper shows that ehv1 gg also possesses type ... | 1993 | 7690425 |
| a type-specific serological test to distinguish antibodies to equine herpesviruses 4 and 1. | we describe a type-specific elisa, which distinguishes antibody to equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4; equine rhinopneumonitis) and ehv1 (equine abortion virus) thereby identifying horses that have been infected with either or both of these antigenically related viruses. the antigens used are parts of the ehv4 and ehv1 glycoprotein g (gg) homologues expressed in e. coli as fusion proteins [crabb and studdert, 1993: j virol 67: 6332-6338). the expressed proteins comprise corresponding regions of the gg m ... | 1995 | 7710353 |
| replication of equid herpesvirus 4 in endothelial cells and synovia of a field case of viral pneumonia and synovitis in a foal. | equid herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) infection was diagnosed as the cause of interstitial pneumonia in a 6-week-old conventionally reared welsh pony foal, by cocultivation and immunolabelling with specific monoclonal antibodies, ehv-4 specific amplification of viral dna, and immunohistological examination of infected tissues. the case was novel in that replication of the ehv-4 isolate in endothelial cells and in the synovial epithelium was a feature. restriction digests of this isolate were compared with ... | 1995 | 7769144 |
| serological relationship between a donkey alphaherpesvirus (isolate m7/91) and equid herpesvirus type 1 and 4. | rabbit hyperimmune serum prepared against a donkey alphaherpesvirus isolate (m7/91), and against ehv-1 and ehv-4 was used to characterise the antigenic relationship between these 3 viruses. serum from immunised rabbits was always more specific for homologous virus and showed different cross reactivity for heterologous virus. it was concluded that the immunologic relationship between the m7/91 isolate and ehv-1, was closer than that between this isolate and ehv-4. a serological survey of donkeys ... | 1994 | 7776336 |
| equine herpesviruses 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus) and 1 (equine abortion virus). | | 1995 | 7793324 |
| an improved cosmid vector for the cloning of equine herpesvirus dna. | we have modified the commercial cosmid vector, triple helix vector (thv), such that i-sce-i restriction endonuclease sites flank the cloning site. i-sce-i is a rare-cutting endonuclease which recognizes an 18-bp sequence. it does not restrict the genome of either of the equine herpesvirus 1 or 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) strains we have cosmid cloned. thus, cosmid-cloned ehv fragments can be excised intact from the vector by i-sce-i digestion, facilitating production of large overlapping ehv fragments f ... | 1994 | 7821817 |
| epidemiological investigation of equid herpesvirus-4 (ehv-4) excretion assessed by nasal swabs taken from thoroughbred foals. | equid herpesvirus-4 (ehv-4) was detected in nasal swabs taken from foals using a pcr based test and this information used to study the epidemiology of ehv-4 disease on three australian thoroughbred stud farms in nsw in 1992. there was a very high level of agreement (kappa value of 0.84) between the pcr results and virus isolation using cell culture techniques. there was a strong seasonal distribution of ehv-4 shedding. twenty-five of 26 positive samples were collected in january and march with t ... | 1994 | 8042275 |
| rapid, single-step differentiation of equid herpesviruses 1 and 4 from clinical material using the polymerase chain reaction and virus-specific primers. | sets of primers were designed which enabled specific amplification of homologous regions of the glycoprotein c and gene 76 genetic loci of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4). the resultant virus-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products arising from each loci could be discriminated easily on the basis of size on an agarose gel, allowing rapid differentiation of the two equine herpesviruses. specificity of the amplifications were confirmed by southern hybridization and restric ... | 1994 | 8051234 |
| a nested pcr for the detection and differentiation of ehv-1 and ehv-4. | the nested pcr method was applied for the detection and direct differentiation of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and type 4 (ehv-4). primer pairs were chosen from the glycoprotein b (gb) coding region of each serotype. the outer and inner ehv-1 primer pairs were type-specific, whereas the outer ehv-4 primer pair amplified ehv-1 and ehv-4 dna and was therefore suitable for the detection of both virus types in a single sample. however, the nested ehv-4 primer pair was type-specific. the advanta ... | 1993 | 8106604 |
| sequences of the ribonucleotide reductase-encoding genes of equine herpesvirus 4. | the equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) genes encoding the two subunits of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (rr) were cloned and their nucleotide (nt) sequences determined. the large subunit (rr1) is predicted to comprise 789 amino acids (aa), which compares with lengths of 790, 775 and 1137 aa for the rr1 proteins encoded by equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) gene 21, varicella zoster virus (vzv) gene 19 and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul39, respectively. in common with vzv rr1, the ehv-4 rr1 pro ... | 1994 | 8206376 |
| immunological characterization of the feline herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein b and analysis of its deduced amino acid sequence. | feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) is an important viral pathogen of cats. like other alphaherpesviruses, fhv-1 contains a hsv-1 glycoprotein b (gb) homolog. in this study, monospecific antisera to hsv-1 gb reacted with three fhv-1 proteins (100, 64, and 58 kda) present in virion lysates by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses. reduced stringency hybridization experiments using a hsv-1 gb probe localized the fhv-1 gb gene to a 9.6-kb sa/l fragment in the unique long region of the genome. northe ... | 1993 | 8212548 |
| identification of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus gene encoding an immunogenic protein with a predicted m(r) of 32 kilodaltons. | the nucleotide sequence of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) gene which maps immediately upstream from the glycoprotein 60 (gp60) gene was determined. the gene, designated p32, encodes a predicted polypeptide of 298 amino acids with an estimated m(r) of 32,000 daltons. the predicted protein sequence has four potential n-glycosylation sites and a signal sequence at the n-terminal region. amino acid residues in the nh2-terminal region of the p32 protein exhibit similarity to glycoprotei ... | 1993 | 8212855 |
| detection and identification of equine herpesvirus-1 and -4 by polymerase chain reaction. | a rapid method for detection and identification of equine herpesvirus-1 and -4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) was developed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). primers for pcr were designed from aligned nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein b genes of ehv-1 and ehv-4 to amplify specific regions for ehv-1 or ehv-4 or a common region of both viruses. by using type specific primer mixture, amplified fragments were identified as ehv-1 or ehv-4 in a one-step reaction. we have applied this technique on specimens ... | 1993 | 8236780 |
| dna sequence of a gene cluster in the equine herpesvirus-4 genome which contains a newly identified herpesvirus gene encoding a membrane protein. | complete dna sequences for the equine herpesvirus-4 (ehv-4) genes analogous to equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) genes 8, 9, 10, and 11, varicella zoster virus (vzv) genes 7, 8, 9 a, and 9, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genes ul51, ul50, ul49a, and ul49 are presented. the ehv-4 gene corresponding to ehv-1 gene 10/vzv gene 9a/hsv-1 ul49a is of particular interest in that it is a newly identified herpesvirus gene whose product demonstrates features characteristic of membrane-inserted proteins ... | 1993 | 8240007 |
| interactions between equine herpesvirus type 1 and equine herpesvirus type 4: t cell responses in a murine infection model. | interactions involving the immune responses to equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4) were studied in a murine infection model. when mice were inoculated intranasally with ehv-1, virus replication occurred in the respiratory tract and clinical signs were produced. in contrast, mice that were similarly inoculated with ehv-4 produced no evidence of virus replication and showed no clinical signs. when mice that had been inoculated with live ehv-4 were challenged 1 month later with ehv-1 ... | 1993 | 8245851 |
| equid herpesviruses 1 and 4 encode functional homologs of the herpes simplex virus type 1 virion transactivator protein, vp16. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) tegument protein vp16 is a potent transcriptional inducer of immediate-early gene expression, comprising an n-terminal domain involved in binding dna linked to an acidic transactivating c-terminal domain. the gene encoding the counterpart of this protein in equid herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) was sequenced. comparisons with vp16 and the homologous proteins of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) showed that a region in the n-terminal domai ... | 1994 | 8259676 |
| analysis of the nucleotide sequence of five genes at the left end of the unique short region of the equine herpesvirus 4 genome. | eco ri fragment g of equine herpesvirus 4 strain 405/76 (ehv 4.405/76) is located at the left end of the unique short region close to or extending into the internal repeat region of the prototypic arrangement of the genome. the nucleotide sequence of two subclones designated hs and g 19, contiguous within eco ri fragment g, was determined for each strand by obtaining a nested set of deletion clones of these double-stranded dna plasmids. analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the two s ... | 1993 | 8380320 |
| cell-mediated antiviral response to equine herpesvirus type 1 demonstrated in a murine infection model by means of adoptive transfer of immune cells. | protection against equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection in a mouse model has been studied by means of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) and adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells. mice were found to develop a positive dth response to ehv-1 antigen which was sustained for several months after primary inoculation. the response was found to cross-react with ehv-4-derived antigen. immune cells (from mice primed with live or heat-inactivated ehv-1) conferred an enhanced dth response on rec ... | 1993 | 8381468 |
| immunoprecipitation of viral polypeptides of equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 by serum from experimentally infected ponies. | sera from two sibling groups of ponies experimentally infected with equid herpesvirus 1 or 4 (ehv-1 or 4) were used to investigate which viral polypeptides (vps) of ehv-1 and ehv-4 were recognised. recognition was detected as early as 8 d.p.i. and thereafter. the polypeptides of ehv-1 (labelled with 35s-methionine) immunoprecipitated (iip) by sera from both groups had mr of 148, 138, 123, 117, 110, 77-79, 70, 55, 49-50, 47, 40 and 35-37 kda respectively. of these vp148k (vp9 nucleocapsid) gave t ... | 1993 | 8384737 |
| dna sequence and transcriptional analyses of the region of the equine herpesvirus type 1 kentucky a strain genome encoding glycoprotein c. | dna sequence and transcriptional analyses were performed on the region of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) genome (kya strain) (map units 0.129 to 0.152) encoding open reading frames (orfs) 15 and 16. orf16 encodes a homolog of glycoprotein c of hsv-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1), while orf15 corresponds in position to hsv-1 ul45 but exhibits no significant homology at the amino acid level. sequence analyses revealed that the ehv-1 gc orf of 468 amino acids and orf15 of 227 amino acids map ... | 1993 | 8384760 |
| modulation of the serological response of specific pathogen-free (ehv-free) foals to ehv-1 by previous infection with ehv-4 or a tk-deletion mutant of ehv-1. | ehv-1 was inoculated into specific pathogen-free (spf) foals in order to study uncomplicated primary responses. infection resulted in a strong serological response recognizing ehv-1-specific antigens; this contrasts with a previous publication where a weak response was recorded in spf animals. antibodies to ehv-1 were readily detected by four techniques (virus neutralization, complement fixation, western blots and immune precipitation), yet there was comparatively little cross-reaction to ehv-4 ... | 1993 | 8394686 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of a gene in feline herpesvirus type 1 homologous to the herpes simplex virus gene encoding the glycoprotein h. | a gene encoding the glycoprotein h (gh) homologue of feline herpesvirus type 1 was identified and sequenced. it was located immediately downstream of the thymidine kinase gene within an ecori 6.6 kbp fragment. in addition, a partial ul21 homologous gene was located downstream of the gh homologous gene. the primary translation product of the gh homologous gene is predicted to consist of 821 amino acids with a molecular weight of 92.5 kda. it possesses several characteristics typical of transmembr ... | 1993 | 8394688 |