| identification of a common antigen of herpes simplex virus bovine herpes mammillitis virus, and b virus. | in immunoelectrophoretic analyses one common antigen was demonstrated in antigen preparations from herpes simplex virus types 1- and 2- (hsv-1 and hsv-2), bovine herpes mammillitis (bhm) virus-, and b virus-infected cells solubilized by triton x-100. the antigen was also demonstrated in solubilized purified hsv-1 and bhm virus. the common antigen was identified as antigen 11 of hsv-1 or hsv-2. differences were found in the polypeptide composition of the related antigens when isolated from the fo ... | 1978 | 78988 |
| observations of antigenic relatedness between viruses of the herpes simplex "neutroseron". | the antigenic relatedness of three viruses of the herpes simplex type 1 neutroseron - herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) and bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) - has been examined by immune precipitation and virus neutralization tests. many virus-specific infected-cell polypeptides were shown to possess antigenic sites shared by both hsv-1 and hsv-2. cross-neutralization between the viruses is mediated through antibodies to at least two antigenic sites, one shared by hsv-1, hsv-2 and ... | 1978 | 87364 |
| immunological characterization of a common antigen present in herpes simplex virus, bovine mammillitis virus and herpesvirus simiae (b virus). | | 1978 | 87367 |
| a comparison in calves of the antigenicity of three strains of bovid herpesvirus 2. | three strains of bovid herpesvirus 2, viz. allerton, bovine mammillitis and 69/1lo were used to infect calves intradermally. twenty-eight days later the immunity of the calves was challenged by intravenous injection of a homologous or heterologous strain. challenge control calves developed a fever (greater than 40 degrees c) lasting several days and widespread skin lesions which varied with the strain. homologous challenge of the primary infection produced neither skin lesions nor febrile respon ... | 1975 | 165571 |
| [plaque characteristics of herpes mamillitis virus (hmv)]. | the virus of the bovine herpes mammillitis (vhm) produces a homogeneous plaque population. the plaques are either round or have the form of a slightly irregular circle, cized 2--3 mm in diameter, with a semitranslucent center. the microscopic examination of paticular plaques has revealed a necrotic center composed of destroyed cells, and in cases where the gross examination gives a clearly defined ontour there is a band of both normal and destroyed cells. no morphologic differences have been est ... | 1975 | 165612 |
| experimental studies concerning the possibility of a latent carrier state in bovine herpes mammillitis (bhm). | adult bovines, young calves and young rats were infected with bovine herpes mammillitis (bhm) virus providing a group of bhm-recovered animals in which to investigate a possible latent carrier state. the progression of the acute infection and serological response was essentially similar to that previously reported. the effect of natural (calving, littering) and artificial (corticosteroid treatment) stress on these animals following recovery from infection was investigated, but reactivation of bh ... | 1975 | 167683 |
| [bovine viruses and methods for their detection]. | | 1975 | 169627 |
| [study of the serum neutralization kinetics of some strains of bovid herpesvirus 2]. | | 1975 | 179480 |
| isolation and characterisation of bovine herpesvirus mammillitis virus and its pathogenicity for cattle. | ten viruses isolated from swabs and vesicular fluid collected from the teats of dairy cattle on 4 properties in northern victoria were identified as bovine herpes mammillitis (bhm) viruses by their physico-chemical and morphological properties and serological relationship to each other and a scottish strain of bhm virus. the viruses, isolated in bovine kidney and testicular cell cultures, produced cytopathic effects characterised by very large syncytia and eosinophilic intranuclear inculsion bod ... | 1976 | 180955 |
| bovine herpes mammillitis of dairy cattle in victoria. | the occurrences of bovine herpes mammillitis in the cohuna and numurkah districts of northcentral victoria is described. the disease was characterised by painful swollen teats, necrosis of variable areas of the teat skin, formation of blue-black scabs which sloughed leaving ulcers which were slow to heal. the outbreaks occurred during tspring months of october to mid-december when as many as 90% of milking cows in herds became infected. epidemiologically the infection behaved as though it was tr ... | 1976 | 180956 |
| [cytological and histochemical studies on cell cultures infected with bovine herpesvirus type 2]. | cell cultures of embryonic calf kidney which had been infected with bovid herpes virus 2 were examined for cytological and histochemical changes. the morphological changes recorded from cells damaged by virus infection included the formation of gigant syncytial cells and intranuclear inclusions of cowdry type a. the cytological changes in the infected cells were accompanied by variation in enzyme activity. recordable were rise in lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase as well as decline ... | 1976 | 185979 |
| specific immunoprophylaxis of bovine herpes mammilitis. brief report. | | 1976 | 188274 |
| infection of cattle with bovid herpesvirus. | | 1976 | 188739 |
| a comparison of the pathogenicity of three strains of bovid herpesvirus 2 in calves. | the isolates of bovid herpesvirus 2 share common morphological, physical and antigenic features, but differences in their pathogenicity for cattle have been found among the strains. in order to investigate this aspect in more detail a comparative study was made of the skin lesions produced in calves by three strains of the virus: allerton ba, bovine mammilitis and 69/1l0. the results show that allerton ba was less pathogenic for calves than the other two strains used in the experiment. this conc ... | 1976 | 191339 |
| clinical, serologic, and cross-challenge response and virus isolation in cattle infected with three bovine dermatotropic herpesviruses. | the relationship of 3 dermatotropic bovine herpes-viruses (bovine mamillitis herpesvirus, dermatotropic bovine herpesvirus, and allerton virus) was investigated; special emphasis was on the clinical response and the development of complement-fixation and precipitating antibodies in cattle. the immune respnse in steers was determined throughout the disease and after challenge exposure of the steers with 1 of the other 2 herpesviruses. blood samples and sections of skin were collected intermittent ... | 1977 | 195495 |
| [biological properties of the dermopathic bovine herpes (allerton-mammillitis) virus]. | the dynamics of accumulation and localization of the virus antigen in cells of calf kidney (line ck) was followed by means of immunofluorescence technique. the antigen was detected eight hours (at the very earliest) after infecting the cells. studied was the immune response of calves vaccinated with an inactivated virus and the addition of an adjuvant. two weeks following revaccination high titres of virus-neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies were established in the blood serum of the c ... | 1977 | 199983 |
| comparative analyses of the proteins and antigens of five herpesviruses. | | 1977 | 200709 |
| anatomy of bovine mammillitis dna. i restriction endonuclease maps of four populations of molecules that differ in the relative orientation of their long and short components. | in this paper, we report that the dna of bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) consists of two covalently linked components that are 71.5 x 10(6) and 15.7 x 10(6) in molecular weight and designated l and s, respectively. we further report that the bmv dna consists of four equimolar populations differing only in the orientation of the l and s components relative to each other. this conclusion is based on the following: (i) the sum molecular weight of fragments generated by digestion of bmv dna with hsu ... | 1978 | 202750 |
| the isolation of bovid herpesvirus 2 from cattle in zambia. | | 1977 | 204098 |
| preliminary studies on the diffusion of bovid herpesvirus 2 in experimentally infected calves. | this preliminary study on the diffusion of the bovid herpesvirus 2 (bhv2) in calves inoculated intravenously, allowed to identify the target organs of the virus. in particular, in the first phase of the infection, i.e. post infection day (pid) 2, the virus resulted extensively widespread in the body of the calf, whereas in a subsequent phase, pid6, the virus was recovered only from the skin, the lymph nodes and the nervous system. finally virus was not recovered in any of the tissues obtained fr ... | 1977 | 207630 |
| antibody to bovid herpesvirus 2 in the sera from cattle in the netherlands. | | 1978 | 208225 |
| distribution of bovid herpesvirus 2 in calves inoculated intravenously. | the behavior of bovid herpesvirus 2 in the skin, lymph nodes, and nervous system of calves injected intravenously with the virus was studied. after a latent phase that lasted up to 40 hours after inoculation, the virus produced a systemic infection which was characterized by primary localization of virus in the skin, lymph nodes, and nervous system. between postinoculation days 7 and 12, the infection tended to persist in the skin only. the finding of intranuclear inclusions in the pyramidal cel ... | 1978 | 208435 |
| anatomy of bovine mammillitis dna ii. size and arrangements of the deoxynucleotide sequences. | we previously reported that bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) dna consists of two covalently linked components designated l and s and estimated to be 71.5 x 10(6) and 15.7 x 10(6) in molecular weight, respectively; the components invert relative to each other, giving rise to four equimolar populations differing soley in the relative orientation of the two components. we now report that (i) bmv dna has a contour length corresponding to a molecular weight of 89 x 10(6). (ii) component l consists of a ... | 1978 | 211253 |
| [serologic methods for the overall diagnosis of bovine herpes mamillitis]. | developed were methods of seroneutralization, agar gel precipitation, and complement-fixation test (cft) for the complex diagnosis of herpes mamillitis of herpes mamillitis in cattle. an agreement was found between the results obtained with the use of each method. highest sensitivity and specificity possessed the seroneutralization reaction with which a highest percent of positively reacting sera was revealed (18.6). however, the cft method could preferably be applied in mass investigations as i ... | 1978 | 217144 |
| the bovine herpesviruses: an overview. | | 1976 | 220627 |
| latent infection of cattle with bovid herpesvirus 2. | in a series of experiments, 10 calves were infected by different routes with bovine mammillitis strain of bovid herpesvirus 2 (bhv2). nine of the calves developed lesions and bhv2 was isolated from 8 calves. at intervals, after clinical recovery, the calves were given a course of corticosteroid by intravenous injection. subsequently 7 calves developed lesions and from 3 calves bhv2 was reisolated. the shortest interval between initial infection and reisolation of virus was 10 weeks. in one calf ... | 1979 | 226033 |
| susceptibility of mink to certain viral animal diseases foreign to the united states. | mink (mustela vison) were inoculated with viruses: african horse sickness (ahs), african swine fever (asf), bovine herpes virus ii (bhv2), foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), goat pox (gp), hog cholera (hc), peste des petits ruminants (ppr), rinderpest (rp), swine vesicular disease (svd), vesicular exanthema of swine (ves) and vesicular stomatitis (vs). their susceptibility was measured by development of clinical signs, virus isolation and detection of precipitin and/or virus neutralizing antibodies. ... | 1979 | 228092 |
| kinetic study of serum neutralization of strains of bovid herpesvirus 2. | | 1979 | 228903 |
| [isolation of the bovine herpesvirus-3 from sick calves]. | three herpes strains identified as herpes virus-3 were isolated in revolving test-tubes with cell cultures of nasal samples and lung parenchyma from diseased calves at the time of a respiratory enzooty. large crystalloid aggregates of herpes virus virions were observed in the nucleus and in the cytoplasma by the electron-microscopic investigation performed on infected cell cultures. the experimental infection of calves with the isolated strain produced slight symptoms of respiratory disease in s ... | 1979 | 232333 |
| [virus seeks its disease: a seroepizootiological study of the presence of bovine herpes mammillitis in switzerland]. | | 1979 | 232571 |
| a study of bovid herpesvirus 2 infection in calves inoculated intradermally or intranasally. | bovid herpesvirus 2 infection was studied in calves exposed to the virus by intradermal inoculation of the skin of the left cheek or by nasal spray. in either case a localised infection developed and virus replication was shown to occur mostly in the tissues of its primary localisation, i.e. the skin of the left cheek or the nasal mucosa. there were neither secondary lesions, except at the site of virus injection, nor any serious systemic involvement on the part of the animals. the virus was als ... | 1979 | 233779 |
| blocking elisa for distinguishing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv)-infected animals from those vaccinated with a gene-deleted marker vaccine. | a sensitive and specific blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to distinguish infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv)-infected animals from those immunized with a glycoprotein giii deletion mutant, ibrv(ng)dltkdlgiii. for this elisa, undiluted test sera are used to block the binding of an anti-ibrv giii monoclonal antibody (mabgiii)-horseradish peroxidase (hrpo) conjugate to giii antigen. tmb substrate is used for color development. negative s/n values (defined ... | 1992 | 1331160 |
| a virus-particle vaccine prepared from bovine mammillitis virus against herpes genitalis. | a vaccine against herpes genitalis was prepared from the extracellular virus particles from baby hamster kidney cells infected with bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) strain "allerton". the virus was inactivated by formaldehyde followed by ultracentrifugation to concentrate the virus particles and eliminate formaldehyde to an acceptable concentration for immunisation of human subjects. the vaccine was cross antigenic and cross immunogenic with herpes simplex virus type 1. thirty-four consorts at hig ... | 1991 | 1657508 |
| cationic liposomes enable bovine herpesvirus type 2 dna to infect cells. | | 1991 | 1683111 |
| conserved epitopes of simian herpesvirus sa 8 and bovine herpesvirus type 2. | some major structural components of simian herpesvirus sa 8 were analyzed and the relationship of sa 8 with hsv-1 and especially with bhv-2 was further characterized using a panel of sa 8- and bhv-2-specific monoclonal antibodies directed against gb, gd, ge, and icp 8. it could be shown that sa 8 and bhv-2 expressed gb-1 equivalents, which differ in electrophoretic mobility, but share common epitopes with hsv-1. the antigenic determinants were detectable in the cytoplasm, on the surface of infec ... | 1990 | 1691622 |
| conserved domains of glycoprotein b (gb) of the monkey virus, simian agent 8, identified by comparison with herpesvirus gbs. | the herpesvirus simian agent 8 (sa8) gene which corresponds to the herpes simplex virus (hsv) gene encoding glycoprotein b (gb) was localized, cloned and sequenced. comparison of its deduced amino acid sequence with those of its counterparts in 12 other distinct herpesvirus was used to evaluate their homology and phylogenetic relationship. the results emphasized that sa8 gb is more closely related to those of hsv-1 and -2, and bovine herpesvirus 2 than to the homologous proteins of other herpesv ... | 1991 | 1895066 |
| molecular diagnosis of alcelaphine herpesvirus (malignant catarrhal fever) infections by nested amplification of viral dna in bovine blood buffy coat specimens. | a fragment of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (ahv-1; malignant catarrhal fever) dna was subcloned into puc 18 and sequenced. the subclone hybridized strongly to ahv-1 dna, weakly to alcelaphine herpesvirus-2 (ahv-2) dna, and not at all to dna from bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [ibr] virus), bovine herpesvirus-2 (bhv-2; bovine herpes mamillitis [bhm] virus), and bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4; isolate dn599). a 2-stage (nested) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) diagnostic t ... | 1991 | 1911989 |
| bovine herpes mammalitis virus thymidine kinase gene. | bovine herpes mammillitis virus (bhmv) codes for a thymidine kinase (tk), the gene for which is located in a 2.6 kb sali restriction endonuclease fragment with a map unit of 0.2-0.32. this particular dna fragment can transfect ltk-mouse cells and convert them to tk+. the gene position of bhmv tk would suggest another homologous gene map position for bhmv and herpes simplex virus (hsv). | 1990 | 1975981 |
| serological evidence of herpesvirus infection in captive asian elephants (elephas maximus). | in mid 1988 a 3-yr-old asian elephant (elephas maximus) from a circus in switzerland died following generalized manifestation of a herpesvirus infection. in an effort to determine prevalence of infection with the herpesvirus, and due to lack of a corresponding virus isolate, it was decided to evaluate contact animals and elephants from a second herd for antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) and bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv2). of 15 sera tested four displayed low neutralizing antibody titers to bh ... | 1990 | 2154628 |
| a further study on relationships between herpes simplex virus and bovid herpesvirus-2. | calves exposed by intravenous or intradermal inoculation with herpes simplex virus (hsv), types 1 and 2, remained clinically normal and hsv was not recovered from nasal secretion nor blood samples. however, the clinical response of calves pre-inoculated with hsv, to bovid herpesvirus-2 (bh-2) challenge infection was much milder than that in the challenge control calves, and the titer of bhv-2 by skin titration underwent a significant (2-2.5 log units) reduction in the hsv pre-inoculated calves. ... | 1990 | 2161993 |
| [seroepizootiologic studies of the distribution of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and 2 (bhv 1, bhv 2) in namibia]. | from cattle breeding areas of namibia a total of 2,800 sera from 1984-1987 were tested by elisa for antibodies to bhv1 and bhv2. from north-east to south-west a drop in bhv2 antibody prevalences was found which paralleled the decrease in rainfall. with bhv1 the percentage of positive reacting sera was also highest in the northern communal areas (up to 80%). in the commercial farming area with best farming conditions the percentage was lowest, but it was south of here again higher in the areas of ... | 1990 | 2166985 |
| conserved antigenic and functional domains on glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus 1 and bovine herpesvirus 2. brief report. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) reacted in immune precipitation and in immunofluorescence tests with a glycoprotein 130,000 in apparent molecular weight specified by bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2). two cross reactive antibodies neutralized the heterologous virus. these results suggest that the bhv-2 glycoprotein is the homologue of hsv-1 gb and shares structural and functional domains expressed on the gb gene product. | 1987 | 2444195 |
| common epitopes of glycoprotein b map within the major dna-binding proteins of bovine herpesvirus type 2 (bhv-2) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). | bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2) specifies a glycoprotein of 130 kda (gb bhv-2) which shows extensive homology to glycoprotein b (gb-1) of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1). the bhv-2-specific 130-kda glycoprotein is able to induce cross-reacting antibodies, some of which even cross-neutralize hsv-1. in order to determine the genome localization of gb bhv-2 and in order to identify conserved antigenic domains in both glycoproteins, we established libraries of subgenic fragments of bhv-2 and hsv-1 dna i ... | 1988 | 2457278 |
| compartment-specific immunolocalization of conserved epitopes of the glycoprotein gb of herpes simplex virus type 1 and bovine herpes virus type 2 in infected cells. | monoclonal antibodies directed against a surface glycoprotein of the bovine herpes virus type 2 (bhv-2, bovine herpes mammillitis virus) recognize also determinants of the major glycoprotein gb of the human herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). cross-reacting antigens of the virions and in infected cells were localized with immunocytochemical methods, immunofluorescence as well as pre-embedding and cryoultramicrotomy immune electron microscopy. all antibodies stain to different degrees cell free ... | 1989 | 2480759 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovid herpesvirus-4. | thirty-five hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) strain v. test were produced. these hybrid cells resulted from the fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells with splenocytes of balb/c mice previously immunized with purified bhv-4. a modified indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was applied as a screening procedure and was compared with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the selected mabs were tested by the same ifat against a panel ... | 1989 | 2546320 |
| location and characterization of the bovine herpesvirus type 2 thymidine kinase gene. | the precise genomic location and the nucleotide sequence of the bovine herpesvirus type 2 (bovine herpes mammillitis virus) thymidine kinase (tk) gene have been determined. the genomic location of the tk gene was found to be in a similar position to that of herpes simplex virus. the coding region consists of 918 bases, which is slightly smaller in length than other reported herpesvirus tk genes. however with an mr of 38,108 the individual protein is similar in size to other herpesvirus tk enzyme ... | 1989 | 2555436 |
| detection of antibodies to bovid herpesvirus 2 infection of cattle in syria. | neutralising antibody to bovid herpesvirus 2 was demonstrated in the serum of 31 (10.8%) of 286 heads of cattle in north, south, and west syria. 38% of titres were 1:2 to 1:8. there is no published report on isolation of this virus in syria. | 1989 | 2559672 |
| [research on antibodies against bhv-1, bhv-2, bhv-4, bvd-md virus, bovine adenovirus a and b, rotavirus and coronavirus in cattle in western zaire: complementary results]. | two-hundred bovine sera from western zaire were screened for antibodies to 8 viruses: bhv-1, bhv-2, bhv-4, bvd-md virus, bovine adenovirus a and b, bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus. positive sera were found to all these viruses. for animals whose origin was undoubted, the main features were the high prevalence of infections by rotavirus and bhv-4 and the low prevalence of infections by coronavirus and bvd-md virus. | 1989 | 2560579 |
| [experimental infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus 2]. | | 1987 | 2823738 |
| the development and standardization of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 2. | a single dilution enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 2 has been developed, standardized and compared with the virus neutralization test. the results of the two tests correlated well. a positive/negative threshold was established for the elisa. the elisa was reproducible, sensitive, rapid and specific. | 1988 | 2832417 |
| serological survey of herpesvirus infections in wild ruminants of france and belgium. | the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovid herpesvirus 6 (bhv-6), herpesvirus of cervidae type 1 (hvc-1), reindeer herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2) and bovid herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) was investigated in wild ruminants of france and belgium between 1981 and 1986. there were no animals serologically positive for bhv-4. antibodies against bhv-2 were demonstrated in roe deer (cervus capreolus) (less than 1%) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) (1%) in france. animals ... | 1988 | 2836635 |
| monoclonal antibodies directed against a 130k glycoprotein of bovine herpesvirus 2 cross-react with glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus. | envelope proteins of bovine herpesvirus type 2 (bhv-2) and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, -2) share cross-reacting determinants. monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes of a 130k glycoprotein of bhv-2 detect determinants on the surface of infected cells and react either with cytoplasmic or nuclear antigens. biological and biochemical characterization of the proteins recognized by these antibodies revealed that the bhv-2 specific 130k glycoprotein and the gb of hsv share commo ... | 1988 | 2837013 |
| proteins specified by bovine herpesvirus-2. | polypeptides synthesized in bovine testes cells infected with bovine herpesvirus type 2 were labeled with [35s]methionine and were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. thirty-eight virus-induced proteins, ranging in molecular weight from 32,000 to 149,000, were detectable by analysis of whole cell lysates between postinfection hours 2 and 36. a similar number was immunoprecipitated by rabbit antiserum to bovine herpesvirus type 2. twelve proteins incorporated [3 ... | 1988 | 2837111 |
| the immunological relationship between canine herpesvirus and four other herpesviruses. | canine herpesvirus (chv) was compared with four other herpesviruses by several serological techniques. cross-neutralization was demonstrated between chv and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and pseudorabies virus. non-neutralizing cross-reactions were found with these viruses and also with equine abortion virus and bovine mammillitis virus. the data suggest that chv is immunologically more closely related to herpes simplex virus than to the other viruses used in this study. | 1988 | 2839597 |
| conservation of a gene cluster including glycoprotein b in bovine herpesvirus type 2 (bhv-2) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). | a library of subgenomic fragments of bovine herpesvirus type 2 (bhv-2) dna was constructed in the expression cloning vector lambda gt11 and screened with monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein gb bhv-2, which is homologous to glycoprotein gb (gb-1) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). lambda gt11 clones containing gb bhv-2-specific sequences were used to identify lambda embl3 vectors with dna inserts which contained the complete gb bhv-2 gene. nucleotide sequencing revealed that the gb bhv ... | 1988 | 2841793 |
| genomic location of bovid herpesvirus type 2 nucleotide sequences homologous to five herpes simplex virus type 1 genes. | the location of nucleotide sequences within the bovid herpesvirus 1 (bhv-2) genome homologous to herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) dna were investigated. bhv-2 dna was digested with restriction endonucleases and blotted to nitrocellulose paper. the blots were then probed with plasmids containing hsv-1 genes for thymidine kinase (tk), the major dna binding protein (icp8), the major capsid protein (vp5) and genes for hsv-1 glycoproteins gb, gd, and gc. except for hsv-1 gc, each hsv-1 gene tested hybr ... | 1988 | 2842979 |
| modification of the genital herpes infection in a guinea pig model, by prior immunization with bovine herpes mammillitis virus. | bovine herpes mammillitis virus has been shown to partially protect guinea pigs against primary genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections, further confirming the immunologic cross-reactivity of these two viruses. | 1988 | 2845232 |
| [bovine herpesvirus type 2 infection]. | | 1988 | 2845879 |
| reduced tumorigenicity of rodent tumour cells and tumour explants following infection with wild type and mutant herpes simplex virus, bovine mammillitis virus and encephalomyocarditis virus. | the tumorigenicity of neoplastic hamster and mouse cell lines and tumour explants was reduced by infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv-1), a thymidine-kinaseless mutant of herpes simplex virus, namely 'mdk', encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) and bovine mammillitis virus (bmv). there was an approximate relationship between duration of virus infection in vitro and reduction in incidence and/or rate of tumour development. the rate of tumour development was also reduced by 'site inoculation' of vi ... | 1988 | 2846027 |
| [epizootiology of herpesvirus infections in wild ruminants. ii. infectious bovine mammillitis and malignant catarrhal fever viruses and other viruses isolated from ruminants]. | | 1988 | 2849174 |
| studies of the major dna binding proteins of two bovine herpes mammillitis virus isolates. | antigenic cross-reaction of the dna-binding protein between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and two bovine herpes mammillitis virus (bhmv) isolates (bhm-1 and bhmv csiro 290) was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. southern blot analysis showed a region of homology between hsv-2 bglii o dna (coding for the hsv-2 major dna-binding protein) and bhmv xbai dna fragment n, suggesting a similar gene map unit position on both genomes. | 1987 | 2886026 |
| antigenic and biochemical analysis of gb of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 and of cross-reacting glycoproteins induced by bovine mammillitis virus and equine herpesvirus type 1. | an antiserum was produced to the oligomeric form of glycoprotein b (gb) induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain 17. this antiserum gave a single common precipitin line in agar gel immunodiffusion with hsv-1, hsv-2, bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) and equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1). it also neutralized hsv-1, hsv-2 and bmv but not ehv-1. absorption of the antiserum with excess hsv-2 or bmv antigen resulted in an hsv-1-specific neutralizing antiserum. in immunoprecipitation, two pr ... | 1985 | 2981966 |
| identification of cross-reacting glycoproteins of four herpesviruses by western blotting. | monospecific rabbit antisera against purified herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gb, gc or gd antigens or polyvalent rabbit antiserum against equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1)-infected cells was used in western blotting to identify antigenically related proteins in cells infected with hsv-1, hsv-2, bovine mammillitis virus or ehv-1. monomeric and oligomeric polypeptides related to hsv-1 gb were found in cells infected with each of the four herpesviruses. the gc antiserum was specific for hsv-1 ... | 1985 | 2993488 |
| a comparison of the acid-soluble polypeptides of five herpesviruses. | the polypeptides soluble in 0.25 m-hcl were extracted from the nuclei of bhk cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 and separated by sds-page. seventeen polypeptides were detectable in each extract of which 10 type 1 and nine type 2 polypeptides were reproducibly effectively extracted. in cells infected with bovine mammillitis virus, pseudorabies virus or equine herpesvirus type 1, at least 12, 13 and eight polypeptides respectively were acid-soluble. in addition to histones, ... | 1985 | 2995559 |
| comparison of the herpesviruses of cattle by dna restriction endonuclease analysis and serologic analysis. | reference strains and field isolates of herpesviruses recovered from cattle in the united states were compared by restriction endonuclease (re) analysis and the indirect fluorescent antibody test. as a result of these comparisons, 5 major biotypes of bovine herpesvirus (bhv) were defined. these types were (i) infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bhv-1), (ii) bovine herpes mammillitis virus (bhv-2), (iii) malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) virus (herpesvirus alcelaphinae), (iv) the group of slow ... | 1985 | 2998238 |
| cultivation of bovine herpesvirus 2 by incubation at reduced temperature. | | 1985 | 3004005 |
| bovine herpes mammillitis therapy. | | 1986 | 3008407 |
| [reactivation of a latent bovine herpes mamillitis virus (bhv-2) infection in an animal with questionable ibr serology]. | | 1986 | 3018921 |
| concurrent outbreak of pseudo-lumpy skin disease and acute trypanosoma vivax infection in cattle. | pseudo-lumpy skin disease and acute trypanosoma vivax infections occurred simultaneously in a dairy herd which had no previous history of trypanosomiasis. the onset of the outbreak was sudden and 29 out of the 40 adult friesian and exotic x zebu cattle were found to have skin lesions. five out of the nine animals sampled had fulminating t. vivax parasitaemias with packed red cell volumes ranging from 0.09 to 0.28 litres/litre. whereas carried tsetse may have introduced t. vivax, the failure to t ... | 1986 | 3020750 |
| bovine herpes mammillitis therapy. | | 1986 | 3024381 |
| the genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) strains exhibiting a neuropathogenic potential compared to known bhv-1 strains by restriction site mapping and cross-hybridization. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) strains can be differentiated by their dna and polypeptide patterns, and by antigenic properties as demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies. we classified the bhv-1 strains according to these data as bhv-1.1, bhv-1.2 (a/b) and bhv-1.3 (a/b). bhv-1.1 and bhv-1.2 correspond to the well known 'common' bhv-1 strains, whereas bhv-1.3 has only recently been recognized and exhibits a neuropathogenic potential. in the present paper we describe the structural genome characteris ... | 1986 | 3026111 |
| restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of dna from two bovine herpes mammillitis viruses, isolated in different parts of australia. | | 1986 | 3030251 |
| role of bovine mammillitis virus towards preparation of an alternative vaccine against herpes simplex virus infections of human subjects. | bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) cross-reacted in neutralization and radioimmune assay with herpes simplex virus (hsv) and pre-immunization with bmv protected against challenge by type 2 hsv. there was no evidence to suggest a pathogenic role for bmv as adjudged by a literature search or field enquiry and bmv specific antibody was not detected in 21 human sera or in four sera from personnel engaged in research with bmv; in addition there was no replication or antigen synthesis by bmv in explants o ... | 1987 | 3033927 |
| characteristics of bovine mammillitis virus. | | 1966 | 4291091 |
| [electron microscopic study of the developmental cycle of a bovine herpesvirus]. | | 1974 | 4377386 |
| production of generalised skin lesions in calves inoculated with bovine mammillitis virus. | | 1967 | 4961815 |
| isolation of bovine mammillitis virus from skin gangrene of the bovine udder. | | 1969 | 5388981 |
| zone electrophoresis and electron microscopy of allerton virus. | | 1967 | 5628252 |
| [1st cured case of bovine herpes mamillitis in switzerland]. | the first outbreak of bovine herpes mamillitis in switzerland has been observed and diagnosed in autumn 1983. bovid herpesvirus type 2 (bhv-2) could be isolated from lesions of the cows' teats and was characterized by its morphology and by serological methods. serological examinations of all the animals of the affected herd did not reveal conclusive data relating to time and source of the primary infection. questions concerning epidemiology, especially in view of latency, therapeutic and prophyl ... | 1984 | 6093283 |
| studies on cross-reactive antigens in the herpesviruses. | | 1981 | 6162270 |
| antigenic and structural conservation of herpesvirus dna-binding proteins. | previously, we have shown a common antigen of several herpesviruses (pseudorabies virus, equine abortion virus and bovine mammillitis virus) to be antigenically related to the major dna-binding proteins of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. in this study we have purified the cross-reacting polypeptide from cells infected with pseudorabies virus, equine abortion virus and bovine mammillitis virus and shown the cross-reacting protein to be a major dna-binding protein for each virus. tryptic pepti ... | 1981 | 6171613 |
| local tissue temperature: a critical factor in the pathogenesis of bovid herpesvirus 2. | the effect of local tissue temperature on bovid herpesvirus 2 lesions in bovine skin was studied. two areas of thoracic skin were multiply inoculated with virus and maintained at different temperatures; one above and the other below the rectal temperature of the animal. an entire inoculation site was removed daily from each area and subjected to virus, viral antigen, and interferon titrations and both light and electron microscopic examinations. lesions in cold skin appeared sooner after inocula ... | 1984 | 6199299 |
| cross-reactions of bovine herpesvirus 1 antigens with those of other cattle herpesviruses. | bovine embryonic kidney cells were infected with bovine herpesviruses (bhv1, 2, or 3), suid herpesvirus 1 (shv1), or were sham-inoculated. when cytopathic effect was apparent, the cells were solubilized using triton x-100 detergent. resulting antigen preparations were tested by 2-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis using bovine fetal serum and antisera directed against bhv1, bhv2, bhv3, shv1 or a restricted spectrum of bhv1 antigens. interaction of bhv1 antiserum with bhv1 antigen preparations res ... | 1984 | 6208673 |
| [dna of the herpesvirus group]. | | 1980 | 6249050 |
| a generalised infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus 2. | | 1980 | 6250528 |
| bovine dermatotropic herpesvirus infections. | | 1980 | 6258043 |
| [histological and ultrastructural changes in calves infected with bovine herpesvirus 2]. | we studied the hide, neck knots, as well as the liver of calves infected intradermally with strain kos-haskovo of bovid herpes virus 2. on the spot of the injection we found necrotic changes in the superficial strata of the epidermis, hydropic distrophy of st. spinosum and also eosinophil intranuclear inclusions in separate epithelial cells. intranuclear acidophil inclusions were proved also in the macrophages of the lymph knots, whereas in the liver we found a reactive lithic micronecroses. the ... | 1980 | 6261440 |
| twenty-five years of progress in understanding major infectious diseases of dairy cattle. | | 1981 | 6268673 |
| bovid herpesvirus 2 latency: failure to recover virus from central sensory nerve ganglia. | latent bovid herpesvirus 2 was sought in sensory ganglia, epithelium and lymph nodes from cattle having antibodies against bovid herpes virus 2. tissues from eight animals were maintained in vitro as explants for 49-72 days during which all expended media was tested for virus. three animals were pretreated with corticosteroids prior to slaughter. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was recovered from one animal, but bovid herpesvirus 2 was not detected. | 1982 | 6280823 |
| infection of sheep and goats with bovid herpesvirus 2. | sheep and goats were shown to be susceptible to experimental infection with bovid herpesvirus 2 (bhv2), administered by either the intradermal or intravenous route. lesions developing in sheep following intradermal inoculation of virus were similar to those in cattle inoculated intradermally, whereas the lesions in goats resolved without ulceration or scabbing. disseminated circumscribed skin lesions developed in sheep and goats given bhv2 by the intravenous route. these lesions resolved in four ... | 1981 | 6281868 |
| bovid herpesvirus 2: natural spread among breeding bulls. | sera collected over a seven year period, together with detailed health and management records, were used in a retrospective study of bovid herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2) spread within a large herd of breeding bulls. virus spread rapidly throughout the bulls in one barn. transfer of infected bulls to other barns was followed by further, although sporadic, spread of virus. spread of bhv-2 from seropositive animals to susceptible bulls in close contact led to the conclusion that reactivation and transmissio ... | 1982 | 6282532 |
| bovine herpes mammillitis in two new york dairy herds. | bovine herpes mammillitis was diagnosed in 2 new york dairy herds. lesions ranged from vesiculation and ulceration of large (up to 10 cm wide) areas of udder and teat skin to single small (2-3 cm wide) plaques of edema. some lesions resembled "umbilicated pocks" characteristic of cowpox virus infections. recently freshened heifers were the most severely affected; older cows and heifers with less turgid udders had milder lesions. in 2 cows, incurable mastitis developed. in other cows, the lesions ... | 1982 | 6282794 |
| sensitivity of bovid herpesvirus 2 replication to temperatures found in the natural host. | two isolates of bovid herpesvirus 2 replicated poorly in bovine testicular cells and fetal kidney cells at 39--40 degrees c, temperatures commonly observed in virus-infected cattle. high viral titers occurred in replicate cultures at 30--37 degrees c. persistent viral infections were noted in cultures maintained at 40 degrees c. interferon-like activity was not responsible for the high-temperature restriction since the level was not significantly different between virus-infected cultures incubat ... | 1982 | 6293416 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to bovid herpesvirus 2 in african wildlife. | a total of 3,470 sera, collected between 1963 and 1980 from 45 different species of wildlife in nine african countries, was examined for virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies to bovid herpesvirus 2. antibodies were demonstrated in 20 species including 15 bovidae, two suidae, hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) and a green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops); 11 of these species had not been previously recorded as sero-positive. although the significance of neutralizi ... | 1982 | 6296471 |
| a seroneutralization test in the presence of complement for the serological diagnosis of bovine ulcerative mammillitis. | | 1982 | 6299828 |
| characterization of the herpes simplex virion-associated factor responsible for the induction of alpha genes. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) genes form three groups, alpha, beta, and gamma, whose synthesis is coordinately regulated and sequentially ordered in a cascade fashion. earlier studies by post et al. (cell 24:555-565, 1981) have shown that chimeric genes constructed by fusion of 5' noncoding leader and upstream sequences of alpha genes to the 5' noncoding leader and structural sequences of the viral thymidine kinase (tk), a beta gene, are regulated as alpha genes upon recombination into the viral ge ... | 1983 | 6302308 |
| serological and virological response in steers after vaccination with bovine herpesvirus 1. | | 1983 | 6307245 |
| stimulation of chemiluminescence in bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes by virus-antibody complexes and by antibody-coated infected cells. | the induction of cl in bovine polymorphonuclear granulocytes (pmn) by bovine herpes virus type i was studied. virus and virus-infected bovine embryonic lung cells were unable to stimulate cellular light emission. when virus and infected cells were incubated in the presence of immune serum, a burst of cl was induced in pmn. the mechanism of cl induction was dependent on the antibody fc portion, as f(ab')2 fragments bound to antigen were unable to stimulate cl. these observations suggest that pmn ... | 1983 | 6307864 |
| reactivation of bovid herpesvirus 1 and 2 and parainfluenza-3 virus in calves latently infected. | two experiments were carried out to determine whether bovid herpesvirus (bhv) 2 is able to induce a recurrent infection in experimentally infected calves. in the first experiment the stress induced by dexamethasone (dms) treatment failed to reactivate the clinical condition or to induce shedding of bhv2. however, treatment with dms reactivated a latent bhv1 infection in all calves previously inoculated with bhv2 and also in two noninoculated controls. probably, because of the interference by bhv ... | 1983 | 6313287 |
| serum antibodies to bovine mammillitis virus in pregnant heifers. | | 1984 | 6322408 |