| "white-wild" (variola-like) poxvirus strains from rodents in equatorial africa. | strains of variola-like virus were isolated from rodents, namely 1 each from mastomys coucha (fam. muridae) and helioscorus rufobrachium (fam. sciuridae) in the bumba zone of the equatorial province of the zaire republic. attempts to isolate the virus from 48 monkeys were negative. neutralizing antibodies were found in 1 of 7 monkey (cercopithecus ascanius schmidti) sera examined as well as in the serum of h. rufobrachium from which the virus was isolated. | 1976 | 7947 |
| smallpox vaccine, then and now. from the "cow lymphe" to the cell-culture vaccine. | there have been few changes in the preparation of smallpox vaccine since eduard jenner described his method of preventive inoculation in 1798. jenner's vaccine, "the matter", was maintained in man by arm to arm passage. the only major achievement in production methods was the introduction of an animal host for virus propagation. the skin of living calves or sheep was inoculated with seed virus and the "pulp" harvested three to four days later. the disadvantages of this procedure are evident: mas ... | 1977 | 13033 |
| utilization of the mva-immunization schedule from the view point of the public health service. | the world-wide smallpox eradication program sponsored by the who has been successful. furthermore the legislation regarding smallpox vaccination in the federal republic of germany has been given a new form. the place of the previous mass-vaccination has been taken by vaccination of individuals. under this aspect safe procedures for vaccination are required. any vaccination used by public health service has to fulfill the following criteria: high protection against the disease without adverse sid ... | 1977 | 17567 |
| the problem of mandatory smallpox vaccination in austria. | | 1977 | 20698 |
| relationship between the incidence of neurologic complications following smallpox vaccination and the generation and infectious activity of vaccine from strain l-ivp. | a strictly controlled epidemiological trial was applied to the study of the incidence of neurological complications in children inoculated with vaccine from the l-ivp strain of the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th passages (generations). to ascertain a possible connection between the neuropathogenicity with the infectious activity the persons vaccinated were divided into 3 groups in accordance with the infectiousness level of the preparation obtained: the i group--3--5-10(8)oou/ml; the ii group--6--8-9-10(8) o ... | 1977 | 21499 |
| role of autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of post-vaccinal lesions of the nervous system. | subcutaneous sensitization of guinea pigs with -vaccine, and also an intracardiac injection of smallpox or measles vaccine induced production of brain autoantibodies, whereas subcutaneous or intradermal immunization of the animals with liver viral vaccines was not accompanied by the formation of autoantibodies and development of the pathological processes in the nervous system tissue. tthe greatest changes in the brain tissue in the form of circulatory disturbances and inflammatory-dystrophic ph ... | 1977 | 21500 |
| pathogenicity of a vaccine strain of vaccina virus in rabbits administered by intravenous route. | the pathogenicity of the lister (elstree) strain, a vaccinia virus, in rabbits after intravenous injection was studied by histopathological and immunofluorescent methods. inoculation of 1 x 10(7) pfu (pock-forming unit) virus into weanling and young adult rabbits caused severe emaciation and high mortality within 2 weeks. pathological findings were characterized by vesicular lesions along muco-cutaneous junction areas of the eyes, nose and mouth and by inflammatory changes in the brain, mainly i ... | 1977 | 24130 |
| capacity of clones of vaccinia virus to multiply at different temperatures and ph values. | the study of the biological characteristics of ten clones, isolated from plaque, of vaccinia virus has made evident that two of these characteristics--the capacity to multiply at 40 degrees c and the type of cpe in animal cell cultures--can be used as genetic markers of neuropathogenicity, valued in relationship to the property to induce demyelinating encephalitis in mice injected intracerebrally or intravenously. the most neurovirulent clones demonstrated high capacity to multiply at 40 degrees ... | 1978 | 26362 |
| rheumatic disorders associated with viral infection. | | 1978 | 29339 |
| [vaccinal angina in children]. | | 1978 | 32518 |
| [viral hemorrhagic fevers in man]. | | 1979 | 34489 |
| monkeypox virus and whitepox viruses. | | 1978 | 35952 |
| [participation of vaccinia virus in the pathogenesis of different clinical forms of postvaccinal complications. i. frequency of vaccinia virus detection in the vaccinted who have usual and complicated reactions to vaccination]. | the virological examination of 1365 samples taken from 469 children vaccinated against smallpox revealed considerable differences in the frequency and the time of vaccinia virus detection in different clinical forms of postvaccinal pathology as compared with uncomplicated vaccinal process. during the postvaccinal period taking its normal course vaccinia virus was isolated from 7.3% of children only from the pharynx till day 8 following vaccination. in generalized and creeping vaccinia the virus ... | 1979 | 42243 |
| variola virus strains of 1960--1975: the range of intraspecies variability and relationship between properties and geographic origin. | a comparative study of 61 variola virus strains recovered from patients in various geographic regions of the world revealed significant intraspecies variability in some biological properties, established the range of this variability and demonstrated the existence of strains with atypical properties. there was a certain correlation between some laboratory markers of variola virus and the degree of its pathogenicity for man. the prevalence of more virulent and thermoresistant strains in the hindu ... | 1979 | 42294 |
| letter: disinfectants and smallpox. | | 1975 | 46481 |
| [cytogenetic characteristics of the vaccination process in children, primarily vaccinated against smallpox]. | an increased rate of chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed in children between 1 and 21/2 years of age beginning at 4 days after vaccination. the number of aneuploid cells and chromosome aberrations increased for 1 month but were not found 6 months after vaccination. administration of measles gamma-globulin in a dose of 0.75 ml before vaccination did not influence significantly the frequency of chromosome aberrations. a direct correlation was observed between th ... | 1975 | 47668 |
| occupational diseases of the lungs. | | 1975 | 50754 |
| relevance of some poxvirus infections in monkeys to smallpox eradication. | | 1975 | 52212 |
| [cellular immunity in poxvirus infections. demonstration, significance and cellular cross reactivity with brain matter]. | its proof, significance, and the cellular cross reactivity to basic encephalitogenic protein of vaccinia-stimulated t-cells. vaccination against smallpox induces both, a cellular allergy and immunity, and the production of humoral antibodies. of greater importance for the defense of the organism against infections by orthopox viruses is the cellular immunity. new methods for the proof of cellular immunity and an in vitro-technique for its examination by challange with variola vera virus are desc ... | 1976 | 57915 |
| early diagnosis of virus-caused vesicular rashes by immunofluorescence on skin biopsies. ii. poxvirus (vaccinia). | immunofluorescence (if) was used to demonstrate vaccinia virus antigen in frozen sections of skin biopsies from the site of revaccination in 42 individuals. the immunoglobulin (ig) of a rabbit anti-vaccinia serum and the ig of the pre-immune serum conjugated with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (fitc) was employed. 11/13 biopsies taken 1 day after vaccination were positive in the if test as were 13/13 biopsies taken 2 days and 14/16 biopsies taken 3 days after vaccination. even minute quantities of v ... | 1976 | 61622 |
| a method for serological differentation of closely related poxviruses. | a two-step gel precipitation reaction with antiserum to vaccinia virus, based on sequential addition of two test viruses was elaborated for differentiation of closely related orthopoxviruses. the appearance of an additional precipitation line indicated differences in the antigenic structure of the viruses compared. differences in the antigenic structure of vaccinia, variola and monkey pox viruses as well as the antigenic identity with cow pox virus of poxviruses isolated from carnivora, elephant ... | 1976 | 61718 |
| the conquest of smallpox. | smallpox has been a dreaded disease for thousands of years. recurrent epidemics traversed the known world leaving a trail of death, disfigurement, and disability unparalleled by the other great plagues. fear of smallpox provoked the first important attempts to prevent epidemic disease by a primitive form of immunization called variolation. in 1796, edward jenner developed the first effective vaccine against an infectious disease by using cowpox virus to prevent subsequent infection with smallpox ... | 1976 | 63281 |
| [immunopathological circumstances in the structure of complications appearing after smallpox vaccination]. | investigations were carried out concerning the dynamics of antivaccinal antibodies and the structure of serum proteins in relation to the clinical manifestations following upon smallpox vaccination. in general, immunity is not apparently influenced by postvaccinal complications may be associated with immunoprotein perturbations, manifested by an increase in the alpha2-globulin fraction and, inconstantly, in the gamma-globulin fraction. immunoelectrophoretic determinations revealed a relatively c ... | 1977 | 68534 |
| serological relatedness of monkeypox, variola, and vaccinia viruses. | closely related human and monkey orthopoxviruses were differentiated by serologic techniques. antiviral sera were tested by immunodiffusion for reactivity against six different viral antigens prepared from either infected cell cultures or infected chorioallantoic membranes (cams) of embryonated eggs. portions of each antiserum were separately absorbed with heterologous antigens from infected cams to remove common reactivity. the absorbed sera formed immunodiffusion precipitates with both types o ... | 1977 | 75947 |
| [rapid detection of viruses by electron microscopy. interest of negative staining for the diagnosis of some skin lesions of viral origin (author's transl)]. | viral particles can be visualized by electron microscopy using negative staining. such an approach, widely used in research, provides a method for detecting virions which are present in clinical specimens. it is considered to be the method of choice in cases with suspicion of smallpox. direct visualization has been systematically applied for the diagnosis of viral diseases in dermatology. negative staining by pseudoreplication appears to be simple, rapid and efficient. it was thus possible to de ... | 1978 | 83807 |
| laboratory work on smallpox virus. | | 1979 | 84134 |
| [evolution of viral diseases (author's transl)]. | biological characteristics of viruses determine their distribution in men and animals as well as their means of surviving or persisting. taking measles as an example, we show that we are dealing with a recent phenomenon in evolution--as opposed, for instance, to those infections due to arboviruses (eg yellow fever) common in tropical regions. survival rates are lower for highly virulent viruses (myxomatosis). antigenmodification (influenza) or latency (herpes virus infections) allow the virus re ... | 1979 | 93241 |
| [a contribution to the stabilisation of the mva-vaccine (author's transl)]. | the titre of the mva-vaccine remains constant at -20 degrees c with human serum albumin, sorbitol, haemaccel, rheomacrodex and cysteine within 8 month. at -20 degrees c the stability of the mva-virus is equivalent to the vaccinia-virus, stabilized by peptone and sorbitol. storing the mva-virus at +4 degrees c, +20 degrees c for 8 month or at 27 degrees c for 4 weeks, 1% human serum albumin and 5% sorbitol preserves the virustitre best, but the stability of vaccinia-virus with 5% peptone and 5% s ... | 1979 | 94967 |
| [abolition of compulsory vaccination against smallpox. increased danger to humans from animal smallpox? (author's transl)]. | after the world-wide eradication of human smallpox, compulsory vaccination against smallpox will no longer be applicable in future in most countries. although the human smallpox virus (variola virus) appears to have no animal reservoir, humanity is increasingly endangered in future by animal smallpox viruses pathogenic in man against which he has been so far protected by the general smallpox vaccination. this is a virus type of the genus orthopox virus. the risk from animal pox viruses, which ar ... | 1979 | 120501 |
| treatment of variola major with adenine arabinoside. | a double-blind study of the efficacy of adenine arabinoside in the treatment of patients with variola major was conducted. adenine arabinoside (20 mg/kg of body weight) was given to patients intravenously every 24 hr for seven days in a 8-hr infusion. five of the nine patients receiving adinine arabinoside died, and four of 11 patients receiving placebo died. mortality was related to the severity of illness for both groups of patients. no difference was found between the drug and control groups ... | 1975 | 162923 |
| treatment of variola major with cytosine arabinoside. | a controlled study of the efficacy of cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of patients with variola major was performed. cytosine aravinoside was given intravenously at a dose approximating 3 mg/kg of body weight every 24 hr for up to seven days. all nine patients receiving cytosine arabinoside and four of the 11 patients receiving placebo died. in three of the patients receiving cytosine aravinoside, death occurred late in the illness at a time when the patient's lesions began to dry up, the p ... | 1975 | 162924 |
| identification and interrelationships of the variola/vaccinia subgroup of poxviruses. | | 1975 | 164050 |
| response of camels to intradermal inoculation with smallpox and camelpox viruses. | young camels were inoculated intradermally with either camelpox or smallpox virus and the courses of infection, including serological response, were compared. camelpox virus was highly infectious; generalized disease resulted which was transmitted naturally to contact animals. smallpox virus produced only transient lesions at the inoculation site and a less marked serological response. nevertheless, the camels inoculated with smallpox virus subsequently resisted a severe challenge with camelpox ... | 1975 | 164403 |
| [cellular immunity in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis]. | | 1975 | 164635 |
| [allergic reactions in viral infections]. | | 1975 | 164736 |
| smallpox eradication in the americas. | | 1975 | 167890 |
| [results of examining wild monkeys for the presence of smallpox antibodies and smallpox group viruses]. | the results of examinations of sera, blood and organs of different species of monkeys from some asian and african countries for the presence of antibody to smallpox and viruses of the smallpox group. significant titers of smallpox antibodies (antihemagglutinins virus-neutralizing and, in some cases, precipitating antibody) were found in a considerable number of monkeys shot near foci with human cases (equatorial province of zair republic). in the same monkeys kidney tissues yielded 3 isolates of ... | 1975 | 169629 |
| [mitosis and viral infection in cell cultures. i. the effect of cytolytic viruses on the mitotic regime of monolayer cell cultures]. | | 1975 | 169645 |
| production of species-unspecific antiviral inhibitors in cell-cultures and in chicken embryos under the influence of pyrazolon derivatives. | | 1975 | 169855 |
| detection by radioimmunoassay of antibodies in human smallpox patients and vaccinees. | a radioimmunoassay procedure was developed for determining smallpox and vaccinia antibodies in human sera. the test detected and measured both primary and secondary immune responses in persons infected with variola virus or vaccinia virus. the antibody titers obtained by complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition, plaque reduction neutralization, and radioimmunoassay methods were compared. in sequential serum specimens, the radioimmunoassay test indicated fourfold or greater increases in a ... | 1975 | 170309 |
| symposium on smallpox eradication. smallpox eradication-a narrative account. | | 1975 | 170717 |
| epidemiological implications of the typing of variola isolates. | | 1975 | 170718 |
| studies on the effect of inactivated viruses on the growth of poxvirus variolae. ii. the effect of some viruses varying in heat-inactivation degree. | | 1975 | 172175 |
| [adaptation and cultivation of the perego strain of ovine smallpox virus in tissue culture and an evaluation of its immunogenic properties]. | the strain perego of the sheep pox virus, used for the production of the ovinized vaccine in this country, was adapted and cultured in tissue cultures of lamb testes. a total of ten passages in succession of the virus were performed with the manifestation of a characteristic cytopathic effect in the cultures. the titer of the virus was found to be within the range of 10(3.5)cpe50, for the initial passages, to 10(4.5)cpe50, for the final passages. the activity and harmlessness of the virus was te ... | 1975 | 173075 |
| [analysis of cultures infected by vaccinal strains of viruses for detecting in them the integrated genome of these viruses (author's transl)]. | white mice of 10-12 g were immunized with one of the three virus vaccines (vaccines against poliomyelitis, measles, smallpox) at various intervals. poliovirus type ii and measles virus, edmonston strain, were labeled in tissue culture with 3h-uridine (30/uci/ml). smallpox virus (rabbit strain) was labeled with 3h-thymidine (30/uci per ml) also in tissue culture. after purification and concentration of labeled poliomyelitis and measles viruses, viral rna was isolated by double extraction with phe ... | 1975 | 174321 |
| proceedings: smallpox--point of no return. | | 1975 | 175530 |
| smallpox eradication in 1975. | | 1976 | 178107 |
| [antiviral effect of pyran copolymer]. | | 1975 | 178125 |
| [smallpox in white rats]. | | 1976 | 179189 |
| virus diseases of bone. do they exist? the neuhauser lecture. | | 1976 | 179334 |
| viral diseases of the skin, 1975: a 25-year perspective. | most of the major advances in modern virology during the past 25 years have been due principally to the development of refined laboratory techniques and tools and have provided a fund of new knowledge and information about the nature of viral infection and pathogenesis. one group of viruses of interest to dermatologists, the herpesviruses, is undergoing intensive biochemical investigation to determine whether it is carcinogenic. as a result of the success of the world health organization's campa ... | 1976 | 180187 |
| severe hemorrhagic varicella with visceral involvement: virological and serological studies during treatment with cytosine arabinoside. | a boy 13 year-old suffered an extremely severe and prolonged attack of hemorrhagic chickenpox with visceral involvement, the diagnosis being confirmed by isolation of varicella-zoster-virus (vzv). there was no other compromising disease. all preceding vaccinations including two against smallpox had been uneventful. the severity of the attack could not be ascribed to any persistent cellular or humoral immunodeficiency. the patient developed a good antibody response. the course of serological reac ... | 1976 | 181329 |
| [antivariola vaccination. technics for the mitigation of local and general reactions. practical experience]. | a technik is proposed for the attenuation of the local and general reactions produced by antivariola vaccination. the process is based on the use of "puntiform inoculation" and of a liophilised vaccine already decayed. | 1975 | 182093 |
| oral immunization against pox. studies on fowl pox as a model. | oral vaccination against fowl pox is both effective and harmless. a suitable vaccine strain is the attenuated hp-1 strain in the 200th to 400th tissue culture passage. for optimal immunization virus of the 200th to 270th passage level should be applied twice at an interval of 3 to 4 weeks. vaccination dose should contain 10(7.0)tcid50. chickens may be effectively immunized already at 5 days. immunity is against both homologous and heterologous virus and proves equally resistant to oral, cutaneo ... | 1976 | 182584 |
| oral immunization against smallpox. | attenuated vaccinia strain penetrates the mucous membranes of the oral and pharyngeal cavity; local lesions are not produced, even if high doses of attenuated virus are applied. attenuated vaccinia virus thus offers the possibility of oral and nasal immunization against smallpox in man. several groups of monkeys were immunized by the oral and nasal route. the subsequent challenge with virulent smallpox virus resulted in strongly mitigated clinical symptoms as compared to non-immunized controls ... | 1976 | 182585 |
| the new program of the world health organization in medical virology. | the world health organization (who) convened a scientific group to adapt its program in virus diseases to recent progress in virology. the program consists of (a) general activities, such as reference services and the supplying of reagents by the who collaborating centres and (b) specific activities to solve problems-including the promotion of necessary research-caused by certain diseases of public health importance. the group reviewed problems caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses, ... | 1975 | 184063 |
| viral infections. | although rubella is the only virus which can be regarded in the strict sense of the term a teratogen, there is no convincing evidence that other viruses can cause fetal damage of varying severity. the risk to the fetus appears to depend on the nature of the infectious agent, the maternal immune status and the gestational age when infection takes place. the possibility that subclinical maternal infections may cause damage must not be overlooked. as some of the viruses referred to can cause damage ... | 1976 | 184117 |
| application of the fluorescent antibodies method for rapid diagnosis caused of diseases by pox viruses. | the results of application of the fluorescent antibodies method (mfa) with the diagnostic purpose of detecting pox antigen in specimens from smallpox patients are presented, the method was found highly effective for the examination of material taken directly from the patients (smears) in the early stages of disease (maculo-papular and vesicular). the results of examination of smears from pustular fluid and scabs were not reliable in 44% of cases due to the presence of nonspecific fluorescence of ... | 1976 | 184205 |
| application of the fluorescent antibodies method for rapid diagnosis caused of diseases by pox viruses. | the results of application of the fluorescent antibodies method (mfa) with the diagnostic purpose of detecting pox antigen in specimens from smallpox patients are presented. the method was found highly effective for the examination of material taken directly from the patients (smears) in the early stages of disease (maculo-papular and vesicular). the results of examination of smears from pustular fluid and scabs were not reliable in 44% of cases due to the presence of nonspecific fluorescence of ... | 1976 | 184207 |
| effect of disinfectants on variola virus in cell culture. | twenty kinds of disinfectants were examined for ability to inactivate variola virus. cytopathic effect and plaque formation on monolayer cultures of an established monkey kidney cell line were used as indicators of virus inactivation. a micromethod using microplate cultures, and not requiring a co2 incubator, was adopted. the procedures were straightforward, showing good reproducibility. among the compounds tested, several were found to be superior because of the minimum concentrations required ... | 1976 | 184735 |
| monkeypox and whitepox viruses in west and central africa. | prospects for the eradication of smallpox are now highly encouraging. with the cessation of man-to-man transmission, the question of possible animal reservoirs of smallpox becomes increasingly important. during the period 1970-1975, 20 cases of a smallpox-like disease were detected in smallpox-free areas of tropical rain forest in west and central africa. epidemiological and virological investigations revealed that the disease was caused by an animal poxvirus termed monkeypox virus, a member of ... | 1976 | 186209 |
| monkeypox-specific antibodies in human and simian sera from the ivory coast and nigeria. | a test for monkeypox-specific antibodies is described. monkeypox immune sera can be made type-specific by immunoabsorption with heterotypic poxvirus extracts. monkeypox-specific antibodies were demonstrated in sera from 9 cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) that had previously been experimentally infected with monkeypox. monkeypox-specific antibodies were found in 3 wild-caught african monkeys (cercopithecus spp.) and in 3 human sera collected from africans in the ivory coast and nigeria 3( ... | 1976 | 186210 |
| an antigenically atypical strain of variola virus. | the kuwait-5-67 strain of variola virus, although indistinguishable from variola virus in its other properties, behaved atypically in immuno-diffusion tests with antivaccinia serum. the precipitation line pattern produced was similar to that of cowpox virus but lacked one of the main precipitation bands given by all other strains of variola, alastrim and vaccinia viruses tested. trypsin treatment of cowpox virus preparations revealed the missing precipitation line but did not do so with the kuwa ... | 1976 | 187725 |
| a-type inclusion markers of wild white and other variola-related poxviruses. | | 1976 | 187818 |
| [study of smallpox vaccine virus distribution in the body of rabbits following oral immunization]. | virological and immunofluorescent methods were applied to the study of the distribution of the smallpox vaccine virus in the organs and tissues of rabbits immunized orally. it appeared that the vaccinal process developed with a predominant localization of the antigen in the regional (in respect to the site of administration) lymph nodes; the virus was revealed in the cell cytoplasm. | 1976 | 188278 |
| concurrent smallpox and chickenpox. | three patients showing smallpox- and chickenpox-like lesions simultaneously were investigated virologically. both infections were confirmed in the laboratory and, in one case, by electron microscopy. | 1976 | 188559 |
| clinical and serologic study of four smallpox vaccines comparing variations of dose and route of administration. basic study and laboratory standardization. | the present four-center collaborative study was undertaken in an attempt to define the best vaccine and/or vaccination procedure for use in areas of the world that are free of smallpox. the study was designed to compare the effect of different vaccinial strains, viral concentrations, and routes of administration on the morbidity and antibody response associated with primary vaccination and standard challenge revaccination. primary vaccinations were performed on 1,585 children; 49.6% of the child ... | 1977 | 188950 |
| clinical and serologic study of four smallpox vaccines comparing variations of dose and route of administration. primary percutaneous vaccination. | in an investigation of the antigenicity and reactogenicity of four smallpox vaccines, 786 children received primary percutaneous vaccination with vaccine in one of three concentrations, 10(6), 10(7), or10(8) pock-forming units/ml. dose-response curves indicated that the three licensed vaccines (new york city board of health strains grown in calf lymph or chorioallantoic membrane, and the lister vaccine) had similar potencies, but the cv-1 strain was about 10-fold less infectious. cv-1 also produ ... | 1977 | 188951 |
| clinical and serologic study of four smallpox vaccines comparing variations of dose and route of administration. standard percutaneous revaccination of children who receive primary percutaneous vaccination. | a standard challenge with percutaneous smallpox vaccine was administered to 629 children six to 12 months after percutaneous primary inoculation with one of four vaccines (new york city board of health strains grown in calf lymph or chorioallantoic membranes, the lister vaccine, or the cv-1 strain). of those who had had major reactions on primary vaccination, 8%-21% responded to revasccination with a typical primary-type skin response. in contrast, such a primary-type response occurred in 50% of ... | 1977 | 188952 |
| clinical and serologic study of four smallpox vaccines comparing variations of dose and route of administration. standard percutaneous revaccination of children who receive primary subcutaneous vaccination. | six months after subcutaneous vaccination with one of four smallpox vaccines, 655 children were challenged with a standard percutaneous smallpox vaccine. response to reimmunization was characterized by a significant acceleration and diminution of skin response, but not to the degree seen in an equivalent group who had received their primary immunization percutaneously. fever after revaccination was absent if there had been a "take" with primary subcutaneous vaccination. the overall incidence of ... | 1977 | 188953 |
| [epidemiological control of smallpox virus in ecudor]. | | 1976 | 189361 |
| [determination of autohemolysin formation using the plaque test. demonstration of autoimmune phenomena following vaccinations and infections]. | a simple and sensitive modification of the plaque assay for the evaluation of autohaemolysin-producing cells (apc) in the peripheral blood is described: very small chambers, (volume less than or equal to 0.03 cc) made out of glass slides (75 x 25 mm), are filled with a diluted (1:7) blood cell suspension. after incubation for 26 hours the haemolytic plaques produced by apc in the thin monolayer of blood cells can be counted under the microcope at a magnification up to 320-fold. the number of apc ... | 1977 | 190096 |
| [prevention of infectious diseases of viral origin]. | in france, smallpox and poliomyelitis have almost disappeared thanks to generalized vaccination, no case of small pox has been reported since 1975. 17 cases of poliomyelitis were reported in 1975. these two vaccinations remain compulsory. the prophylaxis of measles, which is a very common disease, is based on vaccination recommended for young children, particularly those living in groups. the frequency of severe forms of flu is reduced by vaccination which is advised in the elderly and in weak o ... | 1977 | 190696 |
| [effect of actinomyces rimosus ribonuclease on the reproduction of viruses]. | antiviral activity of rna-ase isolated from the fermentation broth of actinomyces rimosus was studied. the effect of the enzyme on multiplication of the viruses of vesicular stomatitis, newcastle and cariolovaccine diseases was investigated. it was found that the enzyme was capable of suppressing reproduction of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in the culture of chick fibroblast cells. the suppression level directly depended on the enzyme concentration and decreased with an increase in the i ... | 1977 | 190944 |
| monkeypox and smallpox in africa. | | 1977 | 191140 |
| poxvirus infection of the baboon (papio cynocephalus). | ten serial passages of monkeypox (mpv), vaccinia, variola, and chimpanzeepox (chimp-9) viruses were performed in baboons (papio cynocephalus) via skin scarification. comparisons of clinical and virological results indicate that mpv and vaccinia are very closely related and that variola and chimp-9 viruses are identical. these findings suggest that infections of simians with chimp-9 virus resulted from contact with variola virus, the source of which is still unknown. on the other hand, mpv in mon ... | 1976 | 191209 |
| [cellular reactions in vitro in children vaccinated against smallpox]. | | 1977 | 191791 |
| human poxvirus disease after smallpox eradication. | a 5-year-old boy living in a small camp in the rural ivory coast had a disease resembling smallpox. this occurred 4 years after smallpox had been eradicated from the ivory coast and 1.5 years after the last case of smallpox was detected in west and central africa. clinical, serological, and epidemiological evidence indicated this disease was probably monkeypox, a poxvirus of the variola/vaccina subgroup. a serologic survey of poxvirus antibodies in the wild animal population detected neutralizin ... | 1977 | 192091 |
| [differences in the vaccinal process in immunization against natural smallpox depending on the abo blood group]. | | 1977 | 195401 |
| ocular and systemic antiviral activity of vidarabine. | | 1977 | 195767 |
| [infectious and parasitic diseases. survey of the current status in 1977]. | | 1977 | 196324 |
| possible antigenic sub-divisions within the variola/vaccinia subgroup of poxviruses. | | 1977 | 196573 |
| effect of temperature and relative humidity on variola virus in crusts. | the viability of variola virus in crusts under different conditions of temperature and relative humidity was studied for 16 weeks. at the ambient temperature of 25.8-26.4 degrees c and 85-90% relative humidity, the virus survived only 8 weeks but at lower temperatures and relative humidities the survival time was considerably prolonged. | 1976 | 196779 |
| [immunological characteristics of the 2-stage method of smallpox vaccination]. | as a result of observations carried out on children the authors present immunological characteristics of two-stage smallpox vaccination at different intervals (1 to 60 days) between the injection of inactivated and live vaccine. there proved to be acceleration and intensification of antibody formation after two-stage immunization in comparison with the rutine vaccination. a seven-day interval between the injection of the inactivated and live preparations was recommended on the basis of the data ... | 1977 | 197750 |
| the origins of vaccinia virus. | | 1977 | 198484 |
| incomplete inhibition of variola virus focus formation in hela cell cultures by cytosine arabinoside. | | 1977 | 198636 |
| structural polypeptides of several strains of orthopoxvirus. | | 1977 | 198638 |
| undernutrition and immunity: smallpox vaccination in chronically starved, undernourished subjects and its immunologic evaluation. | this study illustrates the specific immune response of chronically starved, undernourished adults after inoculation of live smallpox vaccine. it produced no adverse effect, and major vaccinial reaction was observed in all. 63% of undernourished individuals showed a fourfold or greater rise of the neutralizing antibody titre. in contrast, only 9% of normal healthy subjects could show similar response. however, the prevaccination titre was much lower in the undernourished group than in the control ... | 1977 | 198873 |
| [smallpox vaccine--1. preparation of infectious pulp on heifers (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 199360 |
| variola minor in bragança paulista county, 1956. plan of the serological study and some general results. | | 1976 | 199364 |
| [methods for the rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex using the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. | a method for preparation of an erythrocyte immunoglobulin herpes preparation for the indirect hemagglutination test (iha) is described. a high specificity and sensitivity of this test and the preparation has been demonstrated. the results of the use of iha with this preparation for the detection of herpes simplex virus in specimens from patients are presented. | 1977 | 201105 |
| differentiation of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia antisera by radioimmunoassay. | poxvirus antisera adsorbed with "homologous" and "heterologous" poxvirus-infected chorioallantoic membranes (cam) were differentiated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria). mixtures of the antiserum dilutions and infected cam were added directly (without centrifugation) to poxvirus-infected cam antigens affixed to wells of microtitration plates. the affixed antigens combined with unadsorbed antibodies, and the cross-reactive antigen-antibody complexes were removed by washing. the results showed ... | 1977 | 201390 |
| the eradication of smallpox. | | 1977 | 201963 |
| [antiviral properties of analogs of distamycin a]. | the effect of 9 analogues of distamycin a was studied in a tissue culture with respect to the virus of a smallpox vaccine and classical avian plague. three analogues of distamycin a (i, vi, vii) were studied in chick embryos with respect to the smallpox and influenza viruses. the analogues were characterized by a loss or decrease of the activity against the smallpox vaccine virus as compared to distamycin a. in contrast to distamycin a analogue vii had an inhibitory effect on influenza infection ... | 1977 | 202191 |
| poxvirus hosts and reservoirs. brief review. | | 1977 | 202224 |
| virological studies of smallpox in an endemic area. i. evaluation of immunofluorescence staining as a rapid diagnostic procedure in the field. | | 1977 | 202770 |
| virological studies of smallpox in an endemic area. ii. virus content of clinical specimens and typing of virus isolates. | | 1977 | 202771 |
| evidence for the viral etiology of congenital defects. | | 1978 | 202810 |
| pathology of the placenta and cord in some viral infections. | | 1978 | 202812 |
| [antiviral activity of several nucleic acid components methylated in the n-position]. | the degree of reproducation of rous sarcoma, mumps, and vaccinia viruses in chick embryo cell culture incubated in the presence of 9-methyladenine was considerably lower than reproducation of these viruses in the cells propagated without this substance. 1-methyluracil and 1-methylthymine reduced considerably the amount of rous sarcoma virus produced by the cells as compared to the controls. the presence of these substances in the maintenance medium does not prevent virus infection of the cells, ... | 1977 | 203117 |