| the problem of mandatory smallpox vaccination in austria. | | 1977 | 20698 |
| monkeypox virus and whitepox viruses. | | 1978 | 35952 |
| relevance of some poxvirus infections in monkeys to smallpox eradication. | | 1975 | 52212 |
| a method for serological differentation of closely related poxviruses. | a two-step gel precipitation reaction with antiserum to vaccinia virus, based on sequential addition of two test viruses was elaborated for differentiation of closely related orthopoxviruses. the appearance of an additional precipitation line indicated differences in the antigenic structure of the viruses compared. differences in the antigenic structure of vaccinia, variola and monkey pox viruses as well as the antigenic identity with cow pox virus of poxviruses isolated from carnivora, elephant ... | 1976 | 61718 |
| serological relatedness of monkeypox, variola, and vaccinia viruses. | closely related human and monkey orthopoxviruses were differentiated by serologic techniques. antiviral sera were tested by immunodiffusion for reactivity against six different viral antigens prepared from either infected cell cultures or infected chorioallantoic membranes (cams) of embryonated eggs. portions of each antiserum were separately absorbed with heterologous antigens from infected cams to remove common reactivity. the absorbed sera formed immunodiffusion precipitates with both types o ... | 1977 | 75947 |
| monkeypox virus as a source of whitepox viruses. | monkeypox virus cloning and isolation of the so-called 'white' clones from white pocks which this virus forms on the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) were carried out. the isolated clones were stable and differed considerably from the parental strain. by their properties, they were identical to whitepox viruses formerly isolated from wildlife monkeys and rodents in equatorial africa. besides stable 'white' clones, a number of virus cultures in the process of cloning were obtained which differed in ... | 1979 | 91589 |
| [abolition of compulsory vaccination against smallpox. increased danger to humans from animal smallpox? (author's transl)]. | after the world-wide eradication of human smallpox, compulsory vaccination against smallpox will no longer be applicable in future in most countries. although the human smallpox virus (variola virus) appears to have no animal reservoir, humanity is increasingly endangered in future by animal smallpox viruses pathogenic in man against which he has been so far protected by the general smallpox vaccination. this is a virus type of the genus orthopox virus. the risk from animal pox viruses, which ar ... | 1979 | 120501 |
| human and primate poxviruses: i. growth characteristics of cytolytic and tumor variants. | the dual potential of poxviruses to be cytolytic and tumorgenic has been extended. yaba monkey tumor virus formed foci on monkey and human embryonic cells. cytolytic or plaque-forming virus was isolated from yaba tumor homogenates by selective sucrose centrifugation and passage through monkey or human embryonic cells. monkey pox virus (mpv) was cytolytic for monkey cells or human embryonic cells, but upon passage onto young monolayers of human carcinoma cells, hela, produced a restricted cytopat ... | 1975 | 167685 |
| smallpox eradication in 1975. | | 1976 | 178107 |
| [generalized monkeypox in orally infected rabbits and white mice]. | in the past 5 years 17 human cases of monkeypox with 4 deaths were reported in african countries. the source and the mechanism of transmission of the infection are unknown. one of the possible modes of human infection could be through monkey meat used for food. the paper presents the results of the study of susceptibility of 4 species of laboratory animals to monkeypox virus given orally. adult rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters were found to be resistant. ten-day-old rabbits and 8-, 10- and 12- ... | 1975 | 179217 |
| susceptibility of some rodent species to monkeypox virus, and course of the infection. | the authors studied the susceptibility of five species of rodent to monkeypox virus inoculated by various routes and the course of the infection. reactions varied from complete resistance to lethal generalized infection with rash. rabbits and white mice appeared to be the most susceptible species and young animals were more susceptible than adults. monkeypox virus was found to infect young animals by natural routes, i.e., per os and intranasally. transmission by contact occurred among 10-day-old ... | 1976 | 183908 |
| monkeypox and whitepox viruses in west and central africa. | prospects for the eradication of smallpox are now highly encouraging. with the cessation of man-to-man transmission, the question of possible animal reservoirs of smallpox becomes increasingly important. during the period 1970-1975, 20 cases of a smallpox-like disease were detected in smallpox-free areas of tropical rain forest in west and central africa. epidemiological and virological investigations revealed that the disease was caused by an animal poxvirus termed monkeypox virus, a member of ... | 1976 | 186209 |
| monkeypox-specific antibodies in human and simian sera from the ivory coast and nigeria. | a test for monkeypox-specific antibodies is described. monkeypox immune sera can be made type-specific by immunoabsorption with heterotypic poxvirus extracts. monkeypox-specific antibodies were demonstrated in sera from 9 cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) that had previously been experimentally infected with monkeypox. monkeypox-specific antibodies were found in 3 wild-caught african monkeys (cercopithecus spp.) and in 3 human sera collected from africans in the ivory coast and nigeria 3( ... | 1976 | 186210 |
| a-type inclusion markers of wild white and other variola-related poxviruses. | | 1976 | 187818 |
| monkeypox and smallpox in africa. | | 1977 | 191140 |
| poxvirus infection of the baboon (papio cynocephalus). | ten serial passages of monkeypox (mpv), vaccinia, variola, and chimpanzeepox (chimp-9) viruses were performed in baboons (papio cynocephalus) via skin scarification. comparisons of clinical and virological results indicate that mpv and vaccinia are very closely related and that variola and chimp-9 viruses are identical. these findings suggest that infections of simians with chimp-9 virus resulted from contact with variola virus, the source of which is still unknown. on the other hand, mpv in mon ... | 1976 | 191209 |
| human poxvirus disease after smallpox eradication. | a 5-year-old boy living in a small camp in the rural ivory coast had a disease resembling smallpox. this occurred 4 years after smallpox had been eradicated from the ivory coast and 1.5 years after the last case of smallpox was detected in west and central africa. clinical, serological, and epidemiological evidence indicated this disease was probably monkeypox, a poxvirus of the variola/vaccina subgroup. a serologic survey of poxvirus antibodies in the wild animal population detected neutralizin ... | 1977 | 192091 |
| electron-microscopical observations on the development of vaccinia, cowpox and monkeypox viruses in pig skin. | multiformal abnormal configurations of virus particles and virus factories were observed in pig skin inoculated with vaccinia, cowpox and monkeypox viruses. the discussion is based on the data of multiplication of the viruses and production of circulating antibody. | 1977 | 194436 |
| preparation and evaluation of a noninfectious monkey pox virus vaccine. | monkey pox virus was mechanically disrupted by low temperature and high pressure into soluble and insoluble fractions. soluble fractions elicited virus-neutralizing antibodies (1:20 to 1:160) in rabbits, whereas the insoluble (in saline) fractions did not (less than 1:5). no infectious virus was detected after the disruption procedure. rhesus monkeys immunized with the soluble fraction elicited virus-neutralizing (1:1,200), complement-fixing (1:16), and hemagglutinating-inhibiting (1:80 to 1:160 ... | 1977 | 195980 |
| structural polypeptides of several strains of orthopoxvirus. | | 1977 | 198638 |
| differentiation of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia antisera by radioimmunoassay. | poxvirus antisera adsorbed with "homologous" and "heterologous" poxvirus-infected chorioallantoic membranes (cam) were differentiated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria). mixtures of the antiserum dilutions and infected cam were added directly (without centrifugation) to poxvirus-infected cam antigens affixed to wells of microtitration plates. the affixed antigens combined with unadsorbed antibodies, and the cross-reactive antigen-antibody complexes were removed by washing. the results showed ... | 1977 | 201390 |
| the eradication of smallpox. | | 1977 | 201963 |
| poxvirus hosts and reservoirs. brief review. | | 1977 | 202224 |
| [global program for the elimination of smallpox. iii. the problem of monkey pox as a threat to the global program for the elimination of smallpox]. | | 1977 | 203146 |
| the virion and soluble antigen proteins of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses. | the structural proteins in purified preparations of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses were separated and compared by using a high resolution sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system. about 30 proteins were resolved for each virus by autoradiography of longitudinally-sliced gel rods. although the autoradioelectropherograms of each virus were similar, it was possible to differentiate them by their unique protein pattern in the 30,000 to 40,000 molecular weight region of the gels. a sin ... | 1977 | 205632 |
| [use of the monkey pox virus for evaluating the intensity of the immunity against smallpox in experiments on m. rhesus]. | monkeypox virus causing in m, rhesus upon aerogenic infection a disease similar to human varioloid was used to evaluate the intensity of immunity against smallpox in immunized m. rhesus monkeys. postvaccination immunity was solid in all the animals vaccinated intradermally or orally. in 2 out of 14 monkeys immunized orally, however, the immunity was partially overcome. neutralizing antibody titers in these two monkeys were 1:5 and 1:25, respectively. this agreed with the observations made in pak ... | 1978 | 208308 |
| orthopoxvirus dna: strain differentiation by electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease fragmented virion dna. | | 1978 | 210580 |
| [possible source of "white wild" (whitepox) poxviruses]. | | 1978 | 211732 |
| differential inhibitory effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on vaccinia and monkeypox viruses. | replication of vaccinia and monkeypox viruses was impeded in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (budr) in rl-33 cells derived from rabbit lung tissue. the different degree of inhibition was found among strains of those viruses, in which it was evident that five strains (cv-1, lister, ihd, dairen-i and ikeda) of vaccinia viruses resulted in more reduced yields of infectious virus than four strains (sen-19, orang utan, copenhagen and sierra leone) of monkeypox viruses. there was also strain varia ... | 1978 | 212474 |
| whitepox virus isolated from hamsters inoculated with monkeypox virus. | | 1978 | 213730 |
| [recent smallbox epidemics in ethiopia and somalia, human monkey pox virus infections and impossibilities of world eradication of the smallpox]. | | 1978 | 214251 |
| should the smallpox virus be allowed to survive? | | 1979 | 216915 |
| viral antibodies in rhesus monkey sera collected in india. | | 1978 | 217821 |
| save the smallpox virus? | | 1979 | 221811 |
| identification of orthopoxviruses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of intracellular polypeptides. i. four major groupings. | | 1979 | 222049 |
| orthopoxvirus strains defective in surface antigen induction. | various strains of vaccinia, variola, whitepox, monkeypox and cowpox viruses were examined for their capacity to induce a specific early antigen detectable on the surface of infected cells. the elstree strain of vaccinia, two strains of variola minor and white variants of cowpox and monkeypox viruses lacked the capacity to induce the antigen. variation of the parent cowpox and monkeypox viruses to white variants was always accompanied by the loss of the antigen-inducing capacity. | 1979 | 227999 |
| primate medicine and husbandry. | | 1979 | 229615 |
| conservation and variation in orthopoxvirus genome structure. | orthopoxvirus dna from representative strains of rabbitpox, vaccinia, monkeypox, variola, cowpox and ectromelia viruses was analysed by cleavage with restriction endonucleases hindiii, xhoi or smai. genome mol. wt. vary from about 120 x 10(6) for rabbitpox to about 145 x 10(6) for cowpox. physical maps of cleavage sites are similar and characteristic for strains of the same orthopoxvirus type. the distribution of hindiii sites suggests that an internal region of mol. wt. about 30 x 10(6) is high ... | 1979 | 232137 |
| [worldwide eradication of smallpox or from sarah nelmes to ali maow maalin]. | it cannot be disputed that the who plan for the eradication of smallpox has had considerable success. there is no endemic smallpox any longer in the world. nevertheless caution is advised and continued supervision must not be neglected. there are still countries where supervision is not satisfactory, there is uncertainty about animal reservoirs and it should be assumed from the beginning that up to the present no epidemic disease could be completely eradicated. for this reason it is inevitable t ... | 1979 | 232247 |
| structural polypeptides of orthopoxvirus: their distribution in various members and location within the virion. | the structural polypeptides of accepted species and recently isolated members of the genus orthopoxvirus have been examined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the viruses shared many polypeptides but some differences were found. the viruses could be divided into a vaccinia group (including buffalopox, 'lenny' and mk-10), an ectromelia group (including elephant virus and moscow virus), cowpox, camelpox and monkeypox. minor differences were found in the polypeptides of monkeypox virus stra ... | 1979 | 541670 |
| isolation of poxvirus from an african rodent. | a poxvirus was isolated from a wild gerbil (tatera kempii) caught in northern dahomey, africa at the time of an epidemic of human smallpox. electron microscopic appearance and serologic reactions placed it in the vaccinia subgroup of poxviruses. the isolate differed from ectromelia, rabbitpox, vaccinia, monkeypox, and cowpox viruses in pock morphology on chorioallantoic membrane, ceiling temperature, relative innocuity for mice, and cytopathic effect in tissue culture. like variola minor virus, ... | 1975 | 811713 |
| monkeypox, 1991. gabon. | | 1992 | 1314067 |
| independent evolution of monkeypox and variola viruses. | smallpox was eradicated more than 10 years ago, but infection with another orthopoxvirus, monkeypox virus, can result in a clinical picture resembling smallpox. human infection with monkeypox virus is extremely rare, not easily transmitted, and confined to the rain forest belt of africa (z. jezek and f. fenner, p. 81-102, in human monkeypox, 1988). evidence that variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, might be readily derived from monkeypox virus was presented [s. s. marennikova and e. m ... | 1992 | 1331540 |
| [first appearance of monkey pox in human beings in gabon]. | the authors report on the first coming out in gabon of human monkey-pox. four children in the same family were simultaneously attacked. in one of the two fatal cases, diagnosis of monkey-pox was confirmed by the isolation of the virus. in the three other cases, diagnosis was based on clinical and epidemiological findings. the coming out of monkey-pox in gabon squares with sporadic coming out of this zoonosis observed in the humid tropical forests of west and central africa. two fatal cases prese ... | 1991 | 1649373 |
| [the development and use of an immunoenzyme test system for detecting and the species identification of the monkey pox virus]. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) system for the species-specific diagnosis of monkeypox, based on the use of monoclonal antibodies (mcab) to monkeypox virus, has been developed. immunoglobulins, isolated from mcab-containing cultural and immune ascitic fluids, have been conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase and used as detector antibodies. for immunosorption, rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the vaccine virus have been used. the specificity and sensitivity of the eia system thus obtained have been t ... | 1991 | 1651036 |
| [variola or a severe case of varicella? a case of human variola due to monkeypox virus in a child from the cameroon]. | human monkeypox was suspected on clinical grounds in a seven years old child in cameroon. the diagnosis was confirmed at the center for disease control (cdc) in atlanta, usa. this condition is rare. the present case is the third in cameroon. an epidemiological and clinical survey carried out in the family and in the area where the patient lives, did not allow to identify other cases. the clinical evolution of the case was good as in those described elsewhere. | 1991 | 1656900 |
| animal poxviruses transmitted from cat to man: current event with lethal end. | we report about the infection of an 18-year-old man with an orthopox virus (opv) which was transmitted by a cat. the infectious route from cat to man could be proved by epidemiological, virological and serological methods. the corresponding techniques are described. the patient had not been vaccinated against smallpox and was intensively immunosuppressed by medication on account of a severe endogeneous eczema combined with an allergic asthma bronchiale. a cyclic poxvirus disease developed with a ... | 1991 | 1659066 |
| vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine. recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee (acip) | these revised recommendations on vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine update the previous recommendations (mmwr 1985; 34:341-2) and include current information on its use among laboratory and health-care workers occupationally exposed to vaccinia, recombinant vaccinia viruses, and other orthopoxviruses that can infect humans. this report also contains revised recommendations on revaccination of high-risk workers and information on contraindications to vaccination. | 1991 | 1660957 |
| structural and functional analysis of orthopoxvirus epitopes with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced in balb/c mice immunized with live modified vaccinia virus ankara or infected with sublethal doses of the neurovirulent vaccinia virus strain munich 1. the immunization scheme proved to be important for obtaining mabs of different specificity. the mabs could be classified into three epitope groups (1 a, 1 b and 2). immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that the epitopes were localized on the virus surface. in immunoblotting, mabs were ... | 1990 | 1700065 |
| quaternary structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase. | thymidine kinase enzymes isolated from a variety of sources are generally considered to have a native molecular weight of 80-90 kda composed of two 40-45 kda subunits. although these parameters may accurately describe the atypical deoxypyrimidine kinases expressed by members of the herpesviridae, the nucleotide sequences of thymidine kinase genes isolated from human, mouse, chicken and variety of poxviruses (vaccinia virus, monkeypox virus, variola virus, fowlpox virus and capripoxvirus) predict ... | 1990 | 2114104 |
| [electron microscopy as a diagnostic method in the epidemiological surveillance of poxvirus infections]. | the materials of work lasting for 11 years and including the study of 3,425 samples collected at different periods after the eradication of smallpox from patients suspected for orthopoxvirus infection indicate high effectiveness of electron microscopy and especially immune electron microscopy as an integral part of diagnostic examination. | 1990 | 2173298 |
| nucleotide sequence comparison of homologous genomic regions from variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses. | the nucleotide sequences of homologous regions from the genomes of variola major strain harvey, variola minor strains butler and garcia, and monkeypox strain denmark were determined. the nucleotide sequences were compared to the homologous region in vaccinia virus which contains part of one of the genes involved in determining host range. two major differences were detected; these corresponded to a deletion in the promoter region and the presence of a premature stop codon. it was concluded that ... | 1990 | 2176671 |
| sequence and evolutionary relationships of african swine fever virus thymidine kinase. | the thymidine kinase gene of african swine fever virus was mapped in a 1.4-kb ecori-psti fragment located in the left half of the eco ri k fragment of african swine fever virus dna by using degenerate oligonucleotide probes derived from regions of the thymidine kinase sequence conserved in several poxviruses, man, mouse, and chicken. the nucleotide sequence of this region revealed an open reading frame of 196 codons, whose translated amino acid sequence showed significant similarity to the thymi ... | 1990 | 2389555 |
| epitope mosaic on the surface proteins of orthopoxviruses. | epitopes on the surface components of orthopoxviruses were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against monkeypox and vaccinia viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), western blotting (wb), radioimmunoprecipitation (rip), and competitive binding inhibition assay (cbia). when compared by elisa, three vaccinia virus strains exhibited a similar reactivity to 99 tested mabs despite their remote passage history. all five isolates of monkeypox virus closely resembled one another, i ... | 1988 | 2450423 |
| [tenth anniversary of smallpox eradication: results of epidemiological and virological surveillance and studies in the post-eradication period]. | in accordance with recommendations of the global commission on the certification of smallpox eradication for the 10-year period after the eradication of this infection, all suspected cases of smallpox have been thoroughly checked up, and in none of them the diagnosis of smallpox has been confirmed. the study of monkeypox in humans has revealed that this zoonosis is spread over a wider area than supposed earlier and covers 7 countries of equatorial africa, occurring most frequently in zaire. in a ... | 1989 | 2552712 |
| [increased effectiveness of electron microscope diagnosis of orthopoxvirus infections]. | | 1989 | 2561238 |
| monkey pox in humans: current results. | the presented studies were performed at the who collaboration center for smallpox in moscow in the framework of the who monkey pox project. the authors recommend improved methods for rapid detection of orthopoxvirus antigen, namely passive haemagglutination (pha) using dried stable red blood cells and elisa in order to provide more rapid and efficient laboratory diagnosis under field conditions. independent serologic diagnosis of monkey pox by elisa-adsorption (elisa-a) was proved of value for e ... | 1989 | 2570511 |
| experimental infection of squirrels sciurus vulgaris by monkey pox virus. | | 1989 | 2574948 |
| the role of squirrels in sustaining monkeypox virus transmission. | when the research on the ecology of monkeypox virus entered the latest stage in 1984, three groups of animals were considered priority candidates for maintenance of virus circulations in nature because of their relatively higher population density: terrestrial rodents, squirrels, and gregarious bats. following the isolation of the virus from a wild squirrel in 1985 another survey was carried out in bumba zone of zaïre in january-february 1986, which included collection of animal samples, later o ... | 1987 | 2820094 |
| stochastic model for interhuman spread of monkeypox. | with the eradication of smallpox, systematic routine vaccination with vaccinia has ceased and an increasing proportion of the human population in tropical rain forest areas of central and western africa lacks vaccinia-derived immunity to monkeypox virus. this raises the question of the ability of monkeypox virus to establish and maintain itself in an unvaccinated population through continuous man-to-man transmission. a computerized stochastic model of monte carlo type was constructed to assess t ... | 1987 | 2825518 |
| human monkeypox: disease pattern, incidence and attack rates in a rural area of northern zaire. | human monkeypox is a zoonosis that occurs sporadically in the tropical rainforest of western and central africa. this article presents the results of epidemiological features of 91 monkeypox patients reported in bumba zone in northern zaire during the period 1981 to 1985. their age ranged from 7 months to 29 years (93% below 15 years of age). 11% of patients had visible smallpox vaccination scars. deaths occurred sporadically; the overall case-fatality rate was 9%. 91 patients arose in 61 separa ... | 1988 | 2841783 |
| [current status of human monkeypox surveillance]. | | 1988 | 2842056 |
| clinico-epidemiological features of monkeypox patients with an animal or human source of infection. | clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out on a total of 338 monkeypox patients in zaire from 1981 to 1986. an animal source of infection was suspected in 245 (72%) and interhuman transmission for the remaining 93 patients. among those whose infection was presumably acquired from an animal source, the most affected groups were children aged 3-4 years (27%) and 5-6 years (20%), while only 4% of cases were over 15 years old; there was a considerable preponderance of males (58%) over fem ... | 1988 | 2844428 |
| human monkeypox: secondary attack rates. | data on human monkeypox collected in zaire during the six years 1981-86 were analysed to assess the extent of interhuman transmission of monkeypox virus. among the 2278 persons who had close contact with 245 monkeypox patients infected from an animal source, 93 fell ill and were presumed to have been infected from the known human source: 69 of these were spread in the first generation, 19 in the second generation, and the remaining five cases in the third and fourth generation.the secondary atta ... | 1988 | 2844429 |
| [human monkey pox: its clinico-epidemiological characteristics]. | during the course of the smallpox eradication programme, a new eruptive disease clinically resembling smallpox was discovered in zaire. the disease, which was named monkeypox after the virus, is a zoonosis occurring sporadically in countries of western and central africa with tropical rain forest. the studies carried out in zaire from 1980 through 1985 showed that monkeypox affects mainly children in relatively small remote villages whose population has traditionally frequent contacts with wild ... | 1988 | 2845688 |
| the transmission potential of monkeypox virus in human populations. | data on monkeypox in zaire over the five years 1980-1984 are analysed to assess the protection imparted by past smallpox vaccination and the transmission potential of the virus in unvaccinated communities. attack rates in individuals with and without vaccination scars indicated that smallpox vaccination (discontinued in 1980) imparted approximately 85% protection against monkeypox. it is predicted that monkeypox virus will continue to be introduced into human communities from animal sources, and ... | 1988 | 2850277 |
| monkeypox virus: ecology and public health significance. | recent investigations have revealed that monkeypox virus infections occur with a high prevalence in several species of squirrels belonging to the genus funisciurus, less frequently in squirrels of the genus heliosciurus, and rarely in forest-dwelling primates. these squirrels commonly inhabit the secondary forests around human settlements in the rural areas of zaire, especially where oil palms are grown, and are rare in the primary rain forest.human infection with monkeypox virus occurs most fre ... | 1988 | 2853010 |
| [smallpox, eradication and infectious diseases]. | | 1988 | 2854910 |
| isolation of monkeypox virus from wild squirrel infected in nature. | | 1986 | 2867342 |
| monkeypox in africa: future health hazard or public health nuisance? | | 1987 | 2880169 |
| monkeypox virus in liver and spleen of child in gabon. | | 1988 | 2895299 |
| monoclonal antibodies to monkey pox virus: preparation and application. | two fusion experiments with nso myeloma cells yielded 30 hybrid cell lines which continuously and actively secreted monoclonal antibodies (moab) to monkey pox virus. eight lines appeared to produce antibodies to specific antigenic determinants. the isotype and serologic reactivity of moab to monkey pox virus was characterized and the karyotype of several hybridomas determined. an enzyme labelled conjugate has been prepared from moab selectively reacting with monkey pox virus. this conjugate allo ... | 1988 | 2897768 |
| human monkeypox: confusion with chickenpox. | human monkeypox is a zoonosis occurring sporadically in the tropical rain forest of western and central africa. the exact incidence and geographical distribution are unknown, since many cases are not recognized. special surveillance was established in three regions in zaire in 1981 that led to a substantial increase in reported cases. the question arose as to the possibility that clinical diagnostic errors cause some cases of monkeypox to be misdiagnosed as other eruptive diseases. this paper pr ... | 1988 | 2907258 |
| the histopathology and electron microscopy of a human monkeypox lesion. | the histological and electron microscopic findings from a solitary cutaneous monkeypox lesion taken post mortem from a child who died after a five-day illness are reported. this child is 44th in the who register of monkeypox cases. the lesion was at the papulonecrotic stage, with early evidence of vesiculation and minimal evidence of pustulation. necrosis affected the stratum basale, the related basement membrane and adjacent areas of the dermal papillae at the centre of the lesion. cell necrosi ... | 1985 | 2988159 |
| [monkeys as a source of human viral diseases]. | | 1985 | 2988206 |
| human monkeypox: a newly emerged orthopoxvirus zoonosis in the tropical rain forests of africa. | during the course of the recently concluded smallpox eradication program, a new human orthopoxvirus infection was discovered which is caused by monkeypox virus. the disease occurs sporadically in remote villages within tropical rain forests of west and central africa. the disease is rare; only 155 cases having been reported from 1970 to 1983. the symptoms and signs of human monkeypox resemble those of smallpox, differing significantly only in the occurrence of lymphadenopathy with human monkeypo ... | 1985 | 2992305 |
| [monkey pox virus infection in humans in the central african republic]. | a human monkeypox outbreak is reported which occurred in january 1984 in the extreme south-west areas of the central african republic. six persons were found to be affected in a pygmy camp with an estimated population of 50 residents. in the two affected families, out of 11 members, only unvaccinated children and a 22 year old unvaccinated woman contracted the disease. the disease was of moderate severity in two patients and very mild in the other four. the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by vi ... | 1985 | 2992830 |
| orthopoxvirus dna: a comparison of restriction profiles and maps. | characteristic dna endonuclease digest fragment electropherograms and restriction site maps permitted differentiation and genome structure analysis of 38 orthopoxviruses that included isolates of monkeypox virus from humans and animals, monkeypox white variants, variola, vaccinia, ectromelia, tatera (gerbil) and raccoon poxviruses, and cowpox and camelpox viruses. hindiii cleavage sites mapped on the 38 virus genome dnas plus smai, bgli, saci, kpni, xhoi, and sali maps for variola (harvey) and m ... | 1985 | 2998003 |
| [contagiousness of monkey pox for humans: results of an investigation of 2 outbreaks of the infection in zaire]. | the results of the investigation of two outbreaks of group monkeypox infection among humans (altogether 8 cases) in the zone of bumba, equatorial province, zaire, are presented. the primary source of infection in both outbreaks was not established, the outbreaks were supposedly caused by sick wild animals. almost all persons affected by this infection were children aged 7 months to 7 years, never vaccinated against smallpox; the only exception was a 29-year old female patient, formerly vaccinate ... | 1985 | 2998126 |
| can variola-like viruses be derived from monkeypox virus? an investigation based on dna mapping. | the results are presented of a special study to determine whether variola-like "whitepox" viruses could arise as white pock variants of monkeypox virus after one or a few mutations. dna mapping by cross-hybridization of restriction endonuclease dna fragments was carried out on 18 orthopoxviruses relevant to this study, including variola and monkeypox viruses and white (non-haemorrhagic) pock producers recovered from chorioallantoic membranes infected with red (haemorrhagic) pock-producing monkey ... | 1985 | 3002651 |
| four generations of probable person-to-person transmission of human monkeypox. | this paper examines an outbreak of five cases of human monkeypox which occurred in children belonging to two families living in the west kasai region of zaire during may-july 1983. epidemiologic investigations suggest that the first case was infected from an animal source, possibly a monkey, and that each of the other four cases was infected from a previous human case. three of these cases of presumed person-to-person transmission occurred in close household contacts. the other case infection oc ... | 1986 | 3010703 |
| [isolation of the monkey pox virus from a wild african squirrel]. | | 1986 | 3014754 |
| human monkeypox: a study of 2,510 contacts of 214 patients. | a study of 2,510 contacts of 214 patients with human monkeypox was conducted in zaire from 1980 to 1984. among the contacts of 130 primary cases of human monkeypox, a further 22 co-primary and 62 secondary cases were detected, and an additional fourteen people who had no evidence of clinical disease had positive serological results. a majority of the clinical and subclinical cases of monkeypox occurred in children less than 10 years of age. immunity in vaccinated persons now appears to be waning ... | 1986 | 3018091 |
| serological survey for human monkeypox infections in a selected population in zaire. | about 3460 persons living in kole zone of east kasai, in zaire, were examined and their sera screened initially by a haemagglutination-inhibition test. of these, 667 (19%) were positive. radioimmunoassay adsorption tests for the presence of monkeypox- or vaccinia-specific antibodies gave unequivocal results in 300 of these sera; the remaining 47 were nonspecific. monkeypox-specific antibodies were found in sera of 27 individuals, of all ages and both sexes, giving an overall prevalence rate of m ... | 1987 | 3029395 |
| [increase in the specificity of immunoenzyme analysis by using a monoclonal antibody-based conjugate]. | examinations by eia of laboratory cultures of various orthopoxviruses and specimens from human-monkey pox cases demonstrated the advantages of a monoclonal preparation over the peroxidase polyclonal conjugate prepared from hyperimmune vaccinia antiserum. | 1986 | 3030000 |
| human monkeypox: clinical features of 282 patients. | we present the clinical features and course of 282 patients with human monkeypox in zaire during 1980-1985. the ages of the patients ranged from one month to 69 years; 90% were less than 15 years of age. the clinical picture was similar to that of the ordinary and modified forms of smallpox. lymphadenopathy, occurring in the early stage of the illness, was the most important sign differentiating human monkeypox from smallpox and chickenpox. the symptoms, signs, and the course of the disease in p ... | 1987 | 3036967 |
| monkeypox virus in relation to the ecological features surrounding human settlements in bumba zone, zaire. | since monkeypox virus was discovered in animals in 1958 and in man in 1971, several efforts have been made to identify the reservoir of the virus in nature. in july 1985 a study on human environments and animals suspected to maintain virus transmission was carried out in northern zaire. the study revealed three well demarcated areas: the human settlement area, the agricultural area and the primary tropical rain forest. the first two were found inhabited by terrestrial and arboreal rodents and ba ... | 1987 | 3037740 |
| characterization of monkey pox virus dna genome. | | 1973 | 4200165 |
| viremia and virus measurements of rabbit pox in cv-1 cells. | rabbit pox virus (rpv) produced cytopathic effect (cpe) in five types of cells grown in tissue cultures. the cpe on cv-1 cells was characterized by cell fusion and lysis. the cv-1 line is a useful and sensitive cell culture for measuring concentrations of rpv in blood and tissues of infected rabbits. viremia was detected between the 2nd and 4th days after parenteral infection. by the 6th and 7th days, the concentration of rpv in various tissues ranged from 10(5-3) to 10(8-5) tcid(50)/g. cross-re ... | 1970 | 4316272 |
| methisazone and monkey pox virus: studies in cell cultures, chick embryos, mice and monkeys. | | 1970 | 4317162 |
| [the properties of a virus indistinguishable from the agent of smallpox among monkey pox viruses]. | | 1971 | 4332926 |
| monkeypox virus: responses of infection in chick embryos. | | 1972 | 4336826 |
| in vitro growth characteristics of monkeypox virus. | | 1972 | 4336901 |
| human monkeypox. | between october 1970 and may 1971, six cases of human infection with monkeypox virus were identified in liberia, nigeria, and sierra leone. four of the cases were confirmed by virus isolation and two were diagnosed on the basis of epidemiological and serological investigations. all the cases occurred in unvaccinated individuals.post-infection serological studies showed high haemagglutination-inhibition and neutralizing titres to pox group virus in four of the cases. repeated challenge vaccinatio ... | 1972 | 4340216 |
| a human infection caused by monkeypox virus in basankusu territory, democratic republic of the congo. | this paper presents clinical and epidemiological information on a patient with smallpox-like disease, from whom a monkeypox-like virus was isolated. the patient was the first recognized human monkeypox case in medical history. | 1972 | 4340218 |
| isolation and properties of the causal agent of a new variola-like disease (monkeypox) in man. | the causal agent of a case of disease in man occurring in the democratic republic of the congo with a similar clinical picture to smallpox was isolated and studied. the agent was identified as monkeypox virus. a comparative study of the isolated strain (congo-8) and of viruses isolated from similar cases of illness in liberia (liberia-1 and liberia-2 strains) and sierra leone (v-70 1 266 strain) showed that they were identical. a number of local species of monkeys and apes were examined serologi ... | 1972 | 4340219 |
| poxviruses isolated from clinically ill and asymptomatically infected monkeys and a chimpanzee. | poxviruses were isolated from the kidneys of an outwardly healthy chimpanzee trapped in an area of the democratic republic of the congo where a case of monkeypox had recently occurred in man, from the kidneys of clinically healthy cynomolgus monkeys in a colony in the netherlands, and from monkeys suffering from monkeypox during outbreaks in colonies in the usa. it was established that two of the three viruses isolated from animals asymptomatically infected-namely, strain chimp-9 from the chimpa ... | 1972 | 4340220 |
| outbreaks of monkeypox and serological surveys in nonhuman primates. | in connexion with the recent detection of cases of monkeypox in man in west and central africa, the frequency of monkeypox outbreaks in monkeys since 1958, when the disease was first recognized in captive animals, has been investigated. special incidence surveys were made for this purpose. during the last 3 years, a serological survey has been conducted to find natural foci of monkeypox virus, and a total of 2 242 sera from monkeys of different species from various parts of africa and asia have ... | 1972 | 4340222 |
| human infection with monkeypox virus: laboratory investigation of six cases in west africa. | between september 1970 and may 1971 six cases of human infection with monkeypox virus were identified in three west african countries-liberia, sierra leone, and nigeria. four of the cases were confirmed by viral isolation, and two were diagnosed on epidemiological and serological evidence. poxvirus strains isolated from the four cases were indistinguishable from reference monkeypox strains (copenhagen and utrecht), and all were easily differentiated from variola and vaccinia viruses. the isolate ... | 1972 | 4340223 |
| monkeypox virus (mpv). ii. uncoating and nucleic acid synthesis. | | 1972 | 4344140 |