| adaptation of the orbital sinus bleeding technique to the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | the orbital sinus bleeding technique was used to obtain 1-3 ml samples of venous blood from chinchillas (chinchilla laniger) within 1 minute. by monitoring food intake and body weight, this technique was shown to have no detrimental effects on the general health of the animals, but serial samples taken twice weekly over a period of 2 months did induce some degree of hemorrhage or occasional corneal opacity in some animals. | 1977 | 853712 |
| a restraining device and oral dosing technic for the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | a device, based on the principle of a cattle squeeze chute, was designed for restraining a chinchilla; and a cannula-tipped syringe was designed for introducing a solution into the animal's throat. the restraining device allows 1 person to conduct routine clinical procedures while the cannula-tipped syringe facilitates oral administration of liquids. | 1976 | 966706 |
| cell mediated immunity in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger): in vitro lymphocyte transformation. | the cell mediated immune system of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) was examined using both in vivo and in vitro methods. an in vitro lymphocyte transformation microassay was developed utilizing tritiated thymidine incorporation into spleen cells stimulated by the nonspecific mitogen, phytohemagglutinin-m. peak stimulation of blastogenesis occurred between 48 and 72 hours of incubation with 5 x 10(6) cells/ml in 12.5 mul phytohemagglutinin-m/ml. in spleen cell cultures from chinchillas sensit ... | 1976 | 979141 |
| naturally occurring histoplasmosis in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | histoplasmosis was diagnosed histopathologically in a female chinchilla. this animal had originated from a commercial chinchilla ranch in central missouri. seventeen of 130 animals in the colony had died within a month's period with a respiratory illness. this animal had a history of fur chewing, but this was not true of all the other animals that had died. histoplasma capsulatum was cultured from timothy hay used for food. | 1975 | 1176618 |
| electron microscopy of absorptive enterocytes in the large intestine of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | | 1989 | 2607732 |
| a simple method for intravenous injection and blood collection in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | a simple method is outlined for intravenous injection and blood collection from a peripheral vein in the chinchilla. seven peripheral vein sites were successfully venipunctured in unanaesthetized chinchillas: the femoral, cephalic, auricular, saphenous, dorsalis penis, lateral abdominal and tail veins. the femoral and cephalic veins were found to be the best sites for injection and blood collection. | 1989 | 2724918 |
| the colonic separation mechanism in the guinea-pig (cavia porcellus) and the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | in guinea-pig, the concentration of nitrogen and viable bacteria were nearly twice as high in the contents of the colonic furrow compared to the contents of the corresponding lumen. labelled bacteria infused into the proximal colon of guinea-pigs were transported in the furrow into the caecum. both species produced two types of pellets, one nitrogen-rich intended for caecotrophy, and one nitrogen-poor delivered as faecal pellets. the furrow is part of a separation mechanism in both species savin ... | 1985 | 2866874 |
| the production of hormonal steroids by ovarian tissues of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | | 1971 | 4253598 |
| spontaneous herpes-like viral infection in a chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | | 1970 | 4316481 |
| water relations of the chinchilla chinchilla laniger. | | 1972 | 4401725 |
| the digestion of carbohydrates in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | | 1974 | 4418900 |
| varieties of habituation in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | | 1974 | 4809967 |
| paracrystalline aggregates of microtubules in the anterior pituitary cells of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) (1). | | 1974 | 4810013 |
| protein nutrition and lymphocyte responsiveness to phytomitogens in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | | 1974 | 4817543 |
| steroid metabolic pathways in the ovary of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | | 1972 | 5061156 |
| cellular blood constituents and serum protein fractions of the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | | 1971 | 5113541 |
| coexisting intrauterine and abdominal (intraperitoneal) pregnancy with possible superfoetation (superfecundation) and with adhesion of placenta to foetus in a chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | | 1969 | 5407710 |
| case report. oxalate nephrosis in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | | 1970 | 5533662 |
| seasonal changes in the haematological indices in peripheral blood of chinchilla (chinchilla laniger l.). | changes in nine haematological indices in adult female and male chinchilla were investigated over a period of 18 months. all haematological values were in the same range both for females and males, although seasonal fluctuations were more evident in the females. high levels of the red blood cells count (rbc), haemoglobin concentration (hb), mean cell haemoglobin (mch) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (mchc) during the winter months and low levels of these parameters during the summ ... | 1984 | 6149060 |
| dimensional analysis and dynamic response characterization of mammalian peripheral vestibular structures. | extensive morphometric measurements were made on the vestibular system of the rabbit ( oryctulagus cuniculus), the gerbil (meriones unguiculatus), the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger ), and the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) from serial sections of temporal bones. additionally, a more limited set of measurements were also completed on the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus), the capuchin monkey (cebus sp.), the harp seal ( pagophilus groenlandicus erxleben , 1777), and the two-toed sloth ( choloep ... | 1984 | 6609629 |
| ultrastructural observation of paracrystalline aggregates of microtubules in anterior pituitary cells of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | unusual paracrystalline aggregates of microtubules which have not been described in any other mammalian species were observed in cultured anterior pituitary cells of normal chinchillas as well as in situ in the pituitary glands of these animals. these aggregates appeared as regularly arranged tubular structures in the longitudinal plane, and as a checkerboard pattern of closely and regularly packed microtubules when examined in transverse section. supplementation with vinblastine, colcemide or c ... | 1980 | 6778615 |
| fine structure of the vomeronasal organ in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | fine structure of the vomeronasal organ (vno) was examined in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) from a viewpoint of comparative anatomy. the vno of chinchilla was a pair of tubular structure, about 6mm in length, and situated bilaterally along the base of the nasal septum. the vno was encircled rostrally by the vomeronasal cartilage, but caudally by a bony capsule. the vno communicated with the nasal cavity via a small pore at its rostral end, while it ended blindly at its caudal end. its lume ... | 1994 | 7805792 |
| age-related decline of auditory function in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | the aim of this study was to examine the functional consequences of aging in the chinchilla, a rodent with a relatively long life span and a range of hearing similar to that of humans. subjects were 21 chinchillas aged 10-15 years, and 23 young controls. thresholds were determined from auditory evoked potentials (evps), and outer hair cell (ohc) functioning was assessed by measuring 2f1-f2 distortion product otoacoustic emissions (dpoaes). six cochleas from 11-12-year-old animals were examined f ... | 1997 | 9307317 |
| caries and odontoclastic resorptive lesions in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | | 1997 | 9347624 |
| three distinct auditory areas of cortex (ai, aii, and aaf) defined by optical imaging of intrinsic signals. | using pure-tone sound stimulation, three separate auditory areas are revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals in the temporal cortex of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). these areas correlate with primary auditory cortex (ai) and two secondary areas, aii and the anterior auditory field (aaf). we have distinguished ai on the basis of concurrent single-unit electrophysiological recording; neurons within the ai intrinsic signal region have short (<15 ms) onset-response latencies compared ... | 2000 | 10725186 |
| frenkelia microti infection in a chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) in the united states. | a frenkelia microti tissue cyst was found in the brain of a chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) used for biomedical research. this is the first report of frenkelia infection in this animal in the united states. | 2000 | 11128498 |
| arterial blood supply to the auditory cortex of the chinchilla. | utilizing optical imaging we identified and named the arteries that supply the primary auditory cortex in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). the primary auditory cortex is located 2-3 mm caudal to the medial cerebral artery and is supplied by it. using corrosion casts and scanning electron microscopy we visualized the capillary networks in the auditory cortex and found regional variations in the densities of the capillary bed. we hypothesize that the uneven capillary densities observed in the ... | 2001 | 11718249 |
| diagnosis of sexual cycle by means of vaginal smear method in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | an investigation was made as to whether the sexual cycle and pregnancy can be determined by means of vaginal smear in chinchillas. this study represents the first attempt to record changes which occur in the pattern of exfoliated cells in chinchilla's vaginal smear during anoestrus, proestrus, oestrus, metoestrus and pregnancy. fifteen female chinchillas aged from 8 months to 3 years and bred through harem breeding method were used. the major change during proestrus was an increase in the propor ... | 2002 | 11831739 |
| temporal and spatial coding of periodicity information in the inferior colliculus of awake chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | amplitude modulation responses and onset latencies of multi-unit recordings and evoked potentials were investigated in the central nucleus of inferior colliculus (icc) in the awake chinchilla. nine hundred and one recording sites with best frequencies between 60 and 30 khz showed either phasic (18%), tonic (25%), or phasic-tonic (57%) responses. of 554 sites tested for responses to modulation frequencies 73% were responsive and 57% showed clear preference for a narrow range of modulation frequen ... | 2002 | 12117514 |
| hemoglobin affinity in andean rodents. | blood hemoglobin oxygen affinity (p50) was measured in three andean species and in the laboratory rat (control), all raised near sea level. chinchilla lanigera (molina, 1792) has an altitudinal habitat range from low andean slopes up to 3000 m., while chinchilla brevicaudata (waterhouse, 1848) has an altitudinal range from 3000 to 5000 m. the laboratory type guinea pig, wild type guinea pig (cavia porcellus), (waterhouse, 1748), and laboratory rat (rattus norvegicus) were also raised at sea leve ... | 2002 | 12125201 |
| spontaneous human herpes virus type 1 infection in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera f. dom.). | a 1-year-old male chinchilla with a 2-week history of conjunctivitis suffered subsequently from neurological signs comprising seizures, disorientation, recumbency and apathy. after 3 weeks of progressive central nervous disease the animal was killed in view of the poor prognosis. a non-suppurative meningitis and polioencephalitis with neuronal necrosis and intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed at necropsy and by light microscopy. the brain stem and cerebral cortices were most severely affe ... | 2002 | 12410390 |
| the susceptibility of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) to leptospira pomona. | | 1958 | 13549324 |
| experimental leptospirosis in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | | 1961 | 13778743 |
| reduced severity of middle ear infection caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae lacking the hemoglobin/hemoglobin-haptoglobin binding proteins (hgp) in a chinchilla model of otitis media. | since haemophilus influenzae lacks enzymes necessary for synthesis of the porphyrin ring, it has an absolute growth requirement for a porphyrin source. this requirement can be satisfied in vitro by hemoglobin and hemoglobin complexed to haptoglobin. the products of the hgp genes mediate the utilization of heme from hemoglobin-haptoglobin. these genes are also involved in the use of heme from hemoglobin, although additional gene products independently mediate the acquisition of heme from this sub ... | 2004 | 14643637 |
| specific distribution pattern of nerve fibers containing catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, neuropeptide y (npy) and c-terminal flanking peptide of npy (cpon) in the pineal gland of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger)--an immunohistochemical study. | the sympathetic nerve fibers originating from the superior cervical ganglia and supplying the pineal gland play the most important role in the control of the pineal activity in mammals. npy and cpon are also present in the majority of the pinealopetal sympathetic neurons. in this study, immunohistochemical techniques were used to demonstrate the existence and coexistence of tyrosine hydroxylase (th), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dbetah) as well as npy and cpon in the nerve fibers supplying the chi ... | 2003 | 14677758 |
| a non-invasive method for assessing adrenal activity in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | the chinchilla is a rodent that was once abundant in the central andes of south america. excessive hunting for fur greatly reduced its distribution at the beginning of the twentieth century, and today chinchilla species are nearly extinct in the wild. although protected, wild populations of chinchilla are still declining. in general, this species has received little research attention and its biology is poorly understood. improvements in captive breeding, husbandry, and genetic management are ne ... | 2004 | 14981780 |
| identification and characterization of a mucosal antimicrobial peptide expressed by the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) airway. | cationic antimicrobial peptides (aps) are produced at mucosal surfaces and play a key role as a first line of defense against infection. to understand how aps might impact disease progression in otitis media (om), our goal was to identify and characterize aps expressed by the epithelium lining the uppermost airway of the chinchilla, the established rodent host for the study of the bacterial-viral pathogenesis in om. using a molecular approach, we cloned a cdna encoding a homolog of human beta-de ... | 2004 | 14996845 |
| isolation of listeria ivanovii from a septicaemic chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | | 2004 | 15233458 |
| electroejaculation in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera): effects of anesthesia on seminal characteristics. | repetitive electroejaculation is probably extremely stressful in conscious animals and could adversely affect fertility. the present study was designed to (a) evaluate the effects of anesthesia (40 mg ketamine/kg body weight, i.m.) on a method of electroejaculation used previously in conscious chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera), and (b) determine the quality of the electroejaculated semen obtained under anesthesia. in experiment 1 (8 animals), a 4 x 4 latin square design was used to study the eff ... | 2005 | 15500845 |
| assessment of urine and fecal testosterone metabolite excretion in chinchilla lanigera males. | endemic chinchilla (chinchilla spp.) populations are nearly extinct in the wild (south america). in captive animals (chinchilla lanigera and c. brevicaudata), reproduction is characterized by poor fertility and limited by seasonal breeding patterns. techniques applied for studying male reproductive physiology in these species are often invasive and stressful (i.e. repeated blood sampling for sexual steroids analysis). to evaluate endocrine testicular function, the present experiments were design ... | 2005 | 15766811 |
| geometry of the semicircular canals of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | the orientations of the semicircular canals determines the response of the canals to head rotations and, in turn, the brain's ability to interpret those motions. the geometry of chinchillas' semicircular canals has never been reported. volumetric representations of three chinchilla skulls were generated using a microct scanner. the centroids of each semicircular canal lumen were identified as they passed through the image slices and were regressed to a plane. unit vectors normal to the plane rep ... | 2006 | 16439079 |
| noninvasive monitoring of ovarian endocrine activity in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | reproductive endocrinology information is limited for chinchilla lanigera, a south american species characterized by extremely long gestation and estrus cycle compared with others rodents. this study was designed to validate a non-invasive technique for monitoring ovarian endocrine activity. animals were exposed indoors to natural photoperiod (31 degrees s-64 degrees w, argentina); temperature range: 17-26 degrees c, with food and water ad libitum. radiolabelled infusion (n=4): (3)h-estradiol (( ... | 2007 | 17094993 |
| phosphorylcholine decreases early inflammation and promotes the establishment of stable biofilm communities of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae strain 86-028np in a chinchilla model of otitis media. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a leading causative agent of otitis media. much of the inflammation occurring during nthi disease is initiated by lipooligosaccharides (los) on the bacterial surface. phosphorylcholine (pcho) is added to some los forms in a phase-variable manner, and these pcho(+) variants predominate in vivo. thus, we asked whether this modification confers some advantage during infection. virulence of an otitis media isolate (nthi strain 86-028np) was compared with ... | 2007 | 17130253 |
| taenia coenurus in the orbit of a chinchilla. | a 4-year old, male intact, captive-bred chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) was presented due to progressive exophthalmos of the right eye over a 5-month period. ophthalmic examination revealed exophthalmos with dorsal displacement of the right globe. retropulsion was decreased and a fluctuant, subcutaneous mass could be palpated posterior and dorsal to the central aspect of the zygomatic bone. transdermal ultrasonography revealed a fluid-filled mass consistent with a cyst located within the ventra ... | 2007 | 17204129 |
| time-related changes in functional activity and capacitation of chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) spermatozoa during in vitro incubation. | the application of assisted breeding programs for chinchilla, an endangered species, requires detailed knowledge about their gamete physiology. main purposes of the present study were to examine the time-related changes during 8h in vitro incubation in parameters that reflect chinchilla sperm functional activity (including sperm motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity), and to determine the incubation time required for achieving in vitro sperm capacitation, evaluated through the qua ... | 2007 | 17395408 |
| gross morphological features of plexus brachialis in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | this study documents the detailed features of the morphological structure and the innervation areas of the plexus brachialis in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). the animals (5 female and 5 male) were euthanased with ketamine hydrocloride and xylazine hydrocloride combination, 60 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively. skin, muscles and nerves were dissected under a stereo-microscope. the brachial plexus of the chinchilla is formed by rami ventrales of c5-c8, t1 and t2, and possesses a single trunc ... | 2007 | 17665761 |
| first description of natural echinococcus multilocularis infections in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) and prevost's squirrel (callosciurus prevostii borneoensis). | this report describes for the first time the occurrence of alveolar echinococcosis in two exotic rodent species in europe. a pet chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) was euthanized due to a painful enlargement of the abdominal cavity, and a prevost's squirrel (callosciurus prevostii borneoensis) was found dead in the enclosure of a zoo. at necropsy, extended liver lesions consisting of small vesicles and cysts were observed in the livers of both animals. histological examination revealed that these c ... | 2007 | 17768640 |
| subgross and macroscopic investigation of blood vessels originating from aortic arch in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | a total of 10 adult, healthy, male chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) were used to investigate the vessels originating from aortic arch. coloured latex was injected into the carotid arteries following conventional anatomical applications in all the chinchillas examined. the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery arose from the aortic arch at the level of the second intercostal region in the thoracic cavity. the right and left subclavian arteries detached branches at the level of firs ... | 2008 | 18005370 |
| the right coronary artery is absent in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | a total of 10 adult, healthy, male chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera) were used to investigate the origin, course, and termination of the coronary arteries. coloured latex was injected into the carotid arteries following conventional anatomical applications. in all the chinchillas examined, the left coronary artery was the single coronary artery. the right coronary artery was missing. additionally, a small vessel originating from the cranial border of the aorta was observed in one chinchilla. the ... | 2008 | 18005371 |
| lumbar osteosarcoma in a chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | an 11-year-old male chinchilla was presented for investigation of progressive weight loss, apathy, anorexia, changes in faecal quality and alopecia on the tip of the tail. on clinical examination, a stiffness of the back legs was noted. abdominal palpation revealed a hard immobile, irregular structure in the region of the last lumbar vertebrae. subsequent radiography and ultrasonography suggested the presence of neoplasia. the following day the chinchilla was showing hindlimb paralysis, and ther ... | 2008 | 18631221 |
| postnatal sertoli and leydig cell proliferation and the establishment of puberty and sexual maturity in chinchilla lanigera (rodentia, chinchillidae). | the chilean chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) is threatened in its natural habitat and there is very little information concerning the reproductive biology of this species. our main objectives were to investigate the postnatal testis development in this rodent, with emphasis on sertoli and leydig cell proliferation and the establishment of puberty and sexual maturity. forty-four animals from one day to 30 months of age had their testis and epididymis prepared (time of collection for animals from ... | 2008 | 18671914 |
| systematization, distribution and territory of the middle cerebral artery on the brain surface in chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | the aim of the present study was to analyse thirty chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) brains, injected with latex, and to systematize and describe the distribution and the vascularization territories of the middle cerebral artery. this long vessel, after it has originated from the terminal branch of the basilar artery, formed the following collateral branches: rostral, caudal and striated (perforating) central branches. after crossing the lateral rhinal sulcus, the middle cerebral artery emitted a ... | 2009 | 18786159 |
| hyperthyroidism in connection with suspected diabetes mellitus in a chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | | 2008 | 18849579 |
| an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis on a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) farm in argentina. | chinchillas (chinehilla lanigera) are known to be very sensitive to aflatoxins, and often a large number of animals die if toxicosis occurs. an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis on a chinchilla farm in argentina is described in the present study. a commercial feed suspected of causing the death of 200 animals was sampled. livers from 9 dead chinchillas were analyzed for their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics via necropsy and histopathology. aflatoxins b(1), b(2), g(1), and g(2) were det ... | 2008 | 18987247 |
| chinchilla as a robust, reproducible and polymicrobial model of otitis media and its prevention. | there is compelling evidence that many infectious diseases of humans are caused by more than one microorganism. multiple diverse in vitro systems have been used to study these complex diseases, and although the data generated have contributed greatly to our understanding of diseases of mixed microbial etiology, having rigorous, reproducible and relevant animal models of human diseases are essential for the development of novel methods to treat or prevent them. all animal models have inherent lim ... | 2009 | 19627188 |
| undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary gland in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | a 12-year-old chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) developed a slow-growing, soft, fluctuating, nonpainful mass on the ventral neck with focally extensive alopecia over a period of approximately 8 months. on postmortem examination, an extensive, multilobulated, cystic, neoplastic mass extended subcutaneously over the ventral and lateral neck with metastatic spread to submandibular lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and lungs. neoplastic cells were strongly positive for vimentin and pan-cytokeratin but were ... | 2010 | 20093708 |
| bacteroides chinchillae sp. nov. and bacteroides rodentium sp. nov., isolated from chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) faeces. | gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) faeces and three strains, st170(t), st180 and st28(t), were investigated taxonomically. on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and specific phenotypic characteristics, the three strains belonged to the genus bacteroides. phylogenetic analysis of their 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that strains st170(t) and st180 formed a single cluster and a distinct line of descent. strain st170(t) exhibited 99.7 % 16s rrna gene ... | 2011 | 20495039 |
| the ovarian and uterine arteries in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | the purpose of this study was to describe arteries supplying the ovaries and uterus in the chinchilla. five healthy adult female chinchillas were used. in order to reveal the arterial network by dissecting under a stereoscopic microscope, latex coloured with red ink was injected through the common carotid artery. the ovaries of the chinchilla are supplied by the arteriae ovaricae which formed end-to-end anastomoses with the cranial termination of the arteria uterina. soon after leaving the aorta ... | 2010 | 20649156 |
| concurrent development of the head and pinnae and the acoustical cues to sound location in a precocious species, the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | sounds are filtered in a spatial- and frequency-dependent manner by the head and pinna giving rise to the acoustical cues to sound source location. these spectral and temporal transformations are dependent on the physical dimensions of the head and pinna. therefore, the magnitudes of binaural sound location cues-the interaural time (itd) and level (ild) differences-are hypothesized to systematically increase while the lower frequency limit of substantial ild production is expected to decrease du ... | 2010 | 20957506 |
| sound pressure transformations by the head and pinnae of the adult chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | there are three main cues to sound location: the interaural differences in time (itd) and level (ild) as well as the monaural spectral shape cues. these cues are generated by the spatial- and frequency-dependent filtering of propagating sound waves by the head and external ears. although the chinchilla has been used for decades to study the anatomy, physiology, and psychophysics of audition, including binaural and spatial hearing, little is actually known about the sound pressure transformations ... | 2010 | 20971180 |
| seminal quality and neutral alpha-glucosidase activity after sequential electroejaculation of chinchilla (ch. lanigera). | the objectives of this study of seminal quality of chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) males were to evaluate (1) the use of neutral alpha-glucosidase (nag) as a functional epididymal marker in this species, and (2) the effects of repetitive electroejaculation on sperm function and seminal nag concentration. semen was obtained by electroejaculation from sexually mature domestic ch. lanigera males (n=6) once a week for six consecutive weeks, and evaluated to assess seminal volume and nag activity, a ... | 2011 | 21782362 |
| cystic endometrial hyperplasia and chronic endometritis in a chinchilla. | case description-a 4-year-old nulliparous sexually intact female chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) was evaluated because of a 2-month history of blood being sporadically observed in its cage. clinical findings-results of physical examination of the chinchilla were unremarkable except for the presence of blood-stained fur around the perineum. there were no external lesions to account for the bleeding. findings on urinalysis, bacteriologic culture of urine, and whole-body radiography were unremarka ... | 2011 | 21756180 |
| bacteroides stercorirosoris sp. nov. and bacteroides faecichinchillae sp. nov., isolated from chinchilla (chincilla lanigera) faeces. | strains of gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) faeces, and three strains, st161t, st33 and st37t, were investigated taxonomically. based on the phylogenetic analyses and specific phenotypic characteristics, the three strains belonged to the genus bacteroides. phylogenetic analyses of their 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that strain st161t formed a distinct line of descent, and the highest sequence similarity to st161t was found with strain st33 (98. ... | 2011 | 21724955 |
| the chinchilla research resource database: resource for an otolaryngology disease model. | the long-tailed chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) is an established animal model for diseases of the inner and middle ear, among others. in particular, chinchilla is commonly used to study diseases involving viral and bacterial pathogens and polymicrobial infections of the upper respiratory tract and the ear, such as otitis media. the value of the chinchilla as a model for human diseases prompted the sequencing of its genome in 2012 and the more recent development of the chinchilla research resou ... | 2016 | 27173523 |
| enteric infection and subsequent septicemia due to attaching and effacing escherichia coli in a chinchilla. | an adult male chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) presented with severe lethargy and tachypnea; the physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. due to the animal's clinical condition, it was submitted for necropsy but died immediately prior to euthanasia. clinicopathologic findings included leukocytosis with a left-shift neutrophilia and lymphopenia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, electrolyte imbalance, cholestasis, and hepatocellular damage. neutrophilic enteritis w ... | 2013 | 24326226 |
| concurrent infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and giardia duodenalis in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera f. dom.). | a 3-year-old, female chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera f. dom.) suffered from prolonged vaginal discharge. sonographically, multiple nodules were detected in the uterus, and the lung showed a diffuse radiodensity. ovario-hysterectomy was performed and histology of the uterus revealed a severe multifocal pyogranulomatous metritis with myriads of acid-fast rod-shaped bacilli. microbiological culture of formalin-fixed uterine tissue and a native vaginal swab resulted in the growth of mycobacteria tha ... | 2016 | 27344917 |
| infiltrative gastric adenocarcinoma in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | a case of infiltrative gastric adenocarcinoma in a 5-year-old female chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) is described. the animal died after a 5-day period of lethargy and anorexia. gross examination revealed increased gastric volume. the gastric wall was thickened and contained numerous firm, white nodules on the serosal surface. the lumen was obliterated by a firm mass and large amount of white, mucous secretion. numerous white, irregular plaques and nodules were observed on the mesentery, viscer ... | 2012 | 22621945 |
| generalized taenia crassiceps cysticercosis in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | taenia crassiceps is a cestode parasite that uses carnivores as definitive hosts and rodents and rabbits as main intermediate hosts, but other animal species and humans may also get infected. one adult male chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) from an animal shelter in switzerland presented widespread subcutaneous fluctuant swellings extended over the forehead, nose, face and thoracic regions with a progressive growth over 3 months. the thoracic swelling was surgically resected, and it consisted of ... | 2014 | 24126089 |
| disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | a 1-year-old neutered male chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) was presented with emaciation and a 1-month history of progressive weight loss. the animal was bright and responsive on clinical examination, but had poor body condition. serum biochemical analysis revealed elevated alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase. ultrasound examination was unremarkable. thoracic radiography showed changes consistent with bullous emphysema and severe pneumonia. antibiotic therapy was initiated, but t ... | 2014 | 24813153 |
| parabacteroides chinchillae sp. nov., isolated from chinchilla (chincilla lanigera) faeces. | strains of gram-stain-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) faeces, and strain st166(t) was investigated taxonomically. phylogenetic analyses of 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that strain st166(t) belonged to the genus parabacteroides. strain st166(t) formed a distinct line of descent, and the highest sequence similarity to st166(t) was found with parabacteroides merdae jcm 9497(t) (95.6%) and parabacteroides johnsonii jcm 13406(t) (95.0%) ... | 2013 | 23563230 |
| drinking preferences in chinchillas (chinchilla laniger), degus (octodon degu) and guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). | chinchilla (chinchilla laniger), degus (octodon degus) and guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) are south american rodents living in a semi-arid habitat with varying, species-specific adaptations to water deprivation. nonetheless, several diseases have been linked to insufficient water intake when these species are kept as pets, such as urolithiasis or obstipation. this study evaluated preferences for drinking systems. six animals of each species were given a choice between an open dish and a nipple dr ... | 2014 | 24405017 |
| tonometer validation and intraocular pressure reference values in the normal chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | to determine accuracy and precision of three commonly used tonometers (tonovet(®) and tonolab(®) (icare oy, finland)-rebound tonometers, and tono-pen vet™ (reichert, ny)-applanation tonometer) in normal chinchillas, and to establish a normal intraocular pressure (iop) reference range in this species. | 2017 | 28303681 |
| morphometry and variability of the brain arterial circle in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger, molina). | arterial circles of brains from 70 adult chinchillas were filled with synthetic latex. the arterial circle of the brain is formed as the result of vertebral arteries being merged into the basilar artery. caudally, both vertebral arteries gave rise to the ventral spinal artery. the ventral spinal artery splits into tiny cerebellar vessels, the pontine and cochlear branches. distally, the basilar artery ramified into two terminal branches that formed the arterial circle of brain, rostrally open in ... | 2017 | 28181413 |
| surgical management of multiple metatarsal fractures in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | case description a 3-month-old sexually intact female chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) was examined for sudden onset of non-weight-bearing lameness of the right hind limb. clinical findings on physical examination, the right pes was swollen. an open wound on the medial aspect of the metatarsal region exposed the second metatarsal bone, and the pes was displaced laterally. radiographs of the right pes revealed oblique displaced fractures of the 4 metatarsal bones. treatment and outcome surgical t ... | 2016 | 27654167 |
| retention of solute and particle markers in the digestive tract of chinchillas (chinchilla laniger). | the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) is a herbivorous hystricomorph south american rodent for which no mean digesta retention times have been reported so far. six animals (mean body mass ± standard deviation: 513 ± 99 g) on a diet of grass hay and lucerne-based pellets were given a pulse dose of a solute (cobalt-edta) and a particle (chromium-mordanted fibre, <2 mm) marker with subsequent frequent faecal collection. dry matter intake was 45.2 ± 8.0 g/kg(0.75) /day. mean retention times were 22.2 ... | 2016 | 26857102 |
| sound frequency-invariant neural coding of a frequency-dependent cue to sound source location. | the century-old duplex theory of sound localization posits that low- and high-frequency sounds are localized with two different acoustical cues, interaural time and level differences (itds and ilds), respectively. while behavioral studies in humans and behavioral and neurophysiological studies in a variety of animal models have largely supported the duplex theory, behavioral sensitivity to ild is curiously invariant across the audible spectrum. here we demonstrate that auditory midbrain neurons ... | 2015 | 25972580 |
| non-invasive endocrine monitoring of ovarian and adrenal activity in chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) females during pregnancy, parturition and early post-partum period. | the chinchilla is a rodent that bears one of the finest and most valuable pelts in the world. the wild counterpart is, however, almost extinct because of a drastic past and ongoing population decline. the present work was developed to increase our knowledge of the reproductive physiology of pregnancy and post-partum estrus in the chinchilla, characterizing the endocrine patterns of urinary progesterone, estradiol, lh and cortisol metabolites throughout gestation and post-partum estrus and estima ... | 2015 | 25712434 |
| influence of selected extenders for liquid storage at 4 degrees c of breeding chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) semen on sperm dna integrity. | the influence of two commercial and two laboratory oriented extenders on survival rate and dna integrity of chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) sperm was determined during liquid storage. semen was collected using an electroejaculator from 6 adult male chinchillas. ejaculates (n = 16) were diluted with extenders to obtain a concentration of 40 x 10 (3) sperm/5 μl. after dilution the semen samples were stored at 4"c. the percent motility, progressive motility, and morphology were assessed convention ... | 2015 | 26975143 |
| excitatory and inhibitory tonotopic bands in chinchilla inferior colliculus revealed by c-fos immuno-labeling. | we describe in detail a reliable experimental protocol for c-fos immuno-labeling of patterns of neural activation in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). we report on resting-level neural activity in inferior colliculus (ic) of auditory midbrain, and on tonotopic bands present following 90 min of pure-tone sound stimulation. neurons activated by 6-khz sound stimulation lay ventro-medial to those activated at 2 khz. this is consistent with the known tonotopic organization of ic, and verified in t ... | 2014 | 25158304 |
| extrahepatic biliary tract in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger, molina). | the aim of the study was the macromorphological analysis of extrahepatic biliary tract in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger molina). bile ducts, the gall bladder and portal vein were injected with coloured latex. using the technique of dissection, bile ducts were isolated from the liver lobes. it was found that the cystic duct in this species is rarely single. hepatic ducts form a system of multiple anastomosing structures running in the hepatoduodenal ligament. many bile duct openings were observe ... | 2015 | 25091180 |
| parvovirus-derived endogenous viral elements in two south american rodent genomes. | we describe endogenous viral elements (eves) derived from parvoviruses (family parvoviridae) in the genomes of the long-tailed chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) and the degu (octodon degus). the novel eves include dependovirus-related elements and representatives of a clearly distinct parvovirus lineage that also has endogenous representatives in marsupial genomes. in the degu, one dependovirus-derived eve was found to carry an intact reading frame and was differentially expressed in vivo, with i ... | 2014 | 25078696 |
| seasonal evaluations of urinary androgen metabolites and semen quality in domestic long-tailed chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) under natural photoperiod. | chinchilla spp. is a south american hystricomorph rodent genus currently considered almost extinct in the wild. the high quality of chinchilla fur motivated the harvesting of chinchillas for the fur market. reproductive biology advances come from studies on commercially exploited animals, especially chinchilla lanigera. we studied seasonal variation of urinary androgen metabolites, sperm concentration and sperm functional activity in males of domestic chinchilla lanigera under natural photoperio ... | 2014 | 24503344 |
| organisation of autonomic nervous structures in the large intestine of chinchilla (chinchilla laniger molina). | the organization of autonomic nerve structures in the large intestine of chinchilla was investigated using histochemical and immunocytochemical methods. the myenteric plexus formed network nodes of cholinergic neurocyte agglomerations connected with bundles of nerve fibres and localized between the circular and longitudinal layers of the smooth muscles. the highest density of myenteric plexus was observed in the rectum. the different densities of myenteric plexus in subsequent parts of the large ... | 2013 | 24279160 |
| axonal recordings from medial superior olive neurons obtained from the lateral lemniscus of the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | interaural time differences (itds) are a major cue for localizing low-frequency (<1.5 khz) sounds. sensitivity to this cue first occurs in the medial superior olive (mso), which is thought to perform a coincidence analysis on its monaural inputs. extracellular single-neuron recordings in mso are difficult to obtain because (1) mso action potentials are small and (2) a large field potential locked to the stimulus waveform hampers spike isolation. consequently, only a limited number of studies rep ... | 2013 | 24174683 |
| subgross and macroscopic investigation of the coeliac artery in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | the knowledge of branching and variations of the coeliac artery is clinically important, especially in the surgical operations and non-surgical treatments.moreover, the chinchillas abdominal region have been used as a model in some surgical experimental researches. in this frame, we have aimed to explain the branching of this artery in the chinchillas detailedly. a total of 10 adult, healthy,male chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera) were used to investigate the origin and the course of the coeliac ... | 2013 | 24068688 |
| morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of the pterygopalatine ganglion in the chinchilla (chinchilla laniger, molina). | histological and histochemical investigations revealed that the pterygopalatine ganglion (ppg) in the chinchilla is a structure closely connected with the maxillary nerve. macro-morphological observations disclosed two different forms of the ganglion: an elongated stripe representing single agglomeration of nerve cells, and a ganglionated plexus comprising smaller aggregations of neurocytes connected with nerve fibres. immunohistochemistry revealed that nearly 80% of neuronal cell bodies in ppg ... | 2013 | 23971205 |
| organization of the innervation of the oesophagus and stomach in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger, molina). | using the histochemical and histological techniques the morphology and topography of the autonomic plexuses of the oesophagus and stomach in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) was investigated. ache-positive and adrenergic structures in the myenteric and submucosal plexus were observed. according to the results the cholinergic structures were formed by the different in shape network meshes, various size of the neurons agglomerations and nerve fibres. adrenergic fibres were found. density of these s ... | 2013 | 23907940 |
| organisation of autonomic nervous structures in the small intestine of chinchilla (chinchilla laniger, molina). | using histochemical, histological and immunocytochemical methods, organisation of the autonomic nerve structures in small intestine of chinchilla was investigated. myenteric plexus was localised between circular and longitudinal layers of the smooth muscles. forming network nodes, the small autonomic, cholinergic ganglia were linked with the bundles of nerve fibres. adrenergic structures were visible as specific varicose, rosary-like fibres forming bundles of parallel fibres connecting network n ... | 2014 | 23848953 |
| sexual hormone fluctuation in chinchillas. | the data about chinchilla (chinchilla laniger) reproduction are limited and in some cases discordant. the aim of this study was to monitor the sexual hormone fluctuation by fecal progesterone level and colpocytology analysis by vaginal smears in order to evaluate the different phases of the oestrus cycle. twenty-four non pregnant chinchillas aged from 1 to 4 years old and subdivided in three groups were monitored. in contrast with findings reported in other study, the high values of progesterone ... | 2013 | 23347544 |
| reproduction in chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera): current status of environmental control of gonadal activity and advances in reproductive techniques. | a review of the biology of reproduction of chinchilla, focusing on environmental control of the gonadal activity, is presented. chinchilla is a south american hystricomorph rodent genus currently considered almost extinct in the wild. however, a domestic form is still widespread in breeding farms around the world. information regarding their reproductive biology has been obtained from studies on captive animals. in the case of chinchilla lanigera, a seasonal reproductive pattern has been frequen ... | 2012 | 22541170 |
| diaphragmatic hernia in a pet chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | a 10-year-old pet chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) was referred for ultrasound investigation of a thoracic mass. the mass was initially believed to be a pulmonary abscess or tumor based on radiographs and ultrasound. cytological examination suggested the presence of a gastrointestinal structure in the thorax, and necropsy revealed a true diaphragmatic hernia subdividing the stomach into thoracic and abdominal portions. | 2017 | 28588332 |
| adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the atrioventricular valves in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger). | the arrangement of autonomous fibres was studied in the cardiac atrioventricular valves of small chinchillas. the dissected valves were stained entirely using the modified histochemical acetylcholine esterase technique (ache) and the spg-de la torre method. double immunocytochemical staining was also used for the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vacht) and dopamine β hydroxylase (dbh). the study showed the presence of both cholinergic and adrenergic fibres, forming a kind of ne ... | 2017 | 28553858 |
| the chinchilla as a novel animal model of pregnancy. | several parameters are important when choosing the most appropriate animal to model human obstetrics, including gestation period, number of fetuses per gestation and placental structure. the domesticated long-tailed chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) is a well-suited and appropriate animal model of pregnancy that often will carry only one offspring and has a long gestation period of 105-115 days. furthermore, the chinchilla placenta is of the haemomonochorial labyrinthine type and is therefore com ... | 2017 | 28484627 |
| chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) behavioral responses to a visual signal preceding handling. | zoos use ambassador animals in educational programs featuring close contact with humans. chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera) at the saint louis zoo are retrieved for programs by a keeper wearing brown handling gloves, but green cleaning gloves are worn during normal husbandry when physical contact with the animal is only incidental. the chinchillas' primary keeper anecdotally reported more reactivity and movement from chinchillas when approached with handling gloves. animals' behavioral reactions ... | 2020 | 32754909 |
| between-ear sound frequency disparity modulates a brain stem biomarker of binaural hearing. | the auditory brain stem response (abr) is an evoked potential that indexes a cascade of neural events elicited by sound. in the present study we evaluated the influence of sound frequency on a derived component of the abr known as the binaural interaction component (bic). specifically, we evaluated the effect of acoustic interaural (between-ear) frequency mismatch on bic amplitude. goals were to 1) increase basic understanding of sound features that influence this long-studied auditory potential ... | 2019 | 31314646 |
| cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the pancreas in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger molina). | cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the pancreas in chinchilla (chinchilla laniger molina) was examined in this study. the pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine gland with autonomic and sensory innervation presented by the numerous nerve fibers and small agglomerations of nerve cells. | 2020 | 32202307 |
| the moraxella catarrhalis phase-variable dna methyltransferase modm3 is an epigenetic regulator that affects bacterial survival in an in vivo model of otitis media. | moraxella catarrhalis is a leading cause of otitis media (om) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). m. catarrhalis contains a type iii dna adenine methyltransferase (modm) that is phase-variably expressed (i.e., its expression is subject to random, reversible on/off switching). modm has six target recognition domain alleles (modm1-6), and we have previously shown that modm2 is the predominant allele, while modm3 is associated with om. phase-variable dna methyltransferases mediate epi ... | 2019 | 31818247 |
| infrared thermography as an indicator of heat loss in fur-chewing chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera). | fur-chewing is a common problem in chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). it may affect the welfare of animals due to heat loss, thereby possibly impacting food and water intake to maintain body temperature. in this context, infrared thermography seems to be a suitable method of measuring heat emissions from the surface of objects. sexually mature male domestic chinchillas were divided into two groups: "non-fur chewers", exhibiting normal behaviour (n = 25), and "fur chewers" displaying fur-chewing b ... | 2020 | 31095420 |
| morphological and morphometrical study of the auditory ossicles in chinchilla. | this study is meant to illustrate and describe the features of the auditory ossicles of the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera), one of the species used more and more frequently in otology and ear surgery as animal model. cephalic extremities of 12 c. lanigera individuals obtained from a private farm, where this species was bred for fur, were used in this study. the ossicles were obtained either by direct surgical harvesting by mastoid approach or after a dermestid beetle exposure followed by anato ... | 2019 | 31041818 |
| pleomorphic iridociliary adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the cervical lymph node in a chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). | a tumor had formed in the right eye of a 14-year-old male chinchilla. the black-and-white-colored tumor occupied the entire eye except for the lens and had invaded extensively inside the orbit. histologically, round, spindle- to polygonal-shaped tumor cells had proliferated in a solid-sheet arrangement. the tumor cells exhibited polymorphic nuclei ranging from round- to polygonal-shaped, as well as abundant cytoplasm, which occasionally contained melanin granules. in some areas, several cells we ... | 2019 | 30555123 |