| anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. | anaplasma marginale can be transmitted, will grow and can survive in a large number of domestic and wild animals. it is pathogenic in cattle, and usually produces nonapparent or mild infections in other species. anaplasma marginale has been recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana americana), rocky ... | 1984 | 6716555 |
| the effects of different eland and waterbuck sera on trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clones from lion and from man. | | 1982 | 6764401 |
| infection of mammalian cells with theileria species. | experiments were carried out to determine the susceptibility of mammalian cells to infection with different species of theileria in vitro. sporozoites of theileria parva (parva), theileria parva (lawrencei) and theileria taurotragi were isolated from rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks by grinding infected ticks in medium, filtering the suspension and concentrating by centrifugation. the sporozoites were used in attempts to infect in vitro peripheral blood leucocytes harvested from 16 different m ... | 1983 | 6406967 |
| a review of the biology and transmission ecology of african bovine species of the genus schistosoma. | the present paper reviews the information available concerning the biology and transmission ecology of the african bovine species schistosoma bovis, s. mattheei, s. margrebowiei and s. leiperi. criteria for species identification (egg morphology, intermediate host spectra, definitive host-parasite relationships, etc.) are listed and the geographical distribution of the four species and factors determining the relative occurrence within their overall distributional ranges are described. s bovis a ... | 1983 | 6356670 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to bovid herpesvirus 2 in african wildlife. | a total of 3,470 sera, collected between 1963 and 1980 from 45 different species of wildlife in nine african countries, was examined for virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies to bovid herpesvirus 2. antibodies were demonstrated in 20 species including 15 bovidae, two suidae, hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) and a green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops); 11 of these species had not been previously recorded as sero-positive. although the significance of neutralizi ... | 1982 | 6296471 |
| basic haematological values in antelopes--iii. the reduncinae and the antelopinae. | basic haematological values were measured in 50 individuals of five species falling under the subfamily reduncinae, including the mountain reedbuck (reduncula fulvorufula), the eastern waterback (kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus), the defassa waterbuck (kobus ellipsipyrmnus defassa), the lechwe waterbuck (kobus leche) and the lady gray's waterbuck (kobus megaceros) and in 45 animals of three species of the subfamily antelopinae, including the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), the grant's ga ... | 1984 | 6149055 |
| neutralising antibodies to wildebeest-derived malignant catarrhal fever virus in african wildlife. | a total of 2,722 sera collected between 1963 and 1983, from 43 different species of wildlife in 11 african countries was examined for neutralising antibodies against the wildebeest-derived strain of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) virus. antibodies were demonstrated in 10 species of bovidae which included eight species from the sub-family hippotraginae and one species each from bovinae and antilopinae. neutralising antibodies were also recorded in hippopotamus. it is suggested that the high prev ... | 1984 | 6099787 |
| some helminths of bushbuck, waterbuck and sitatunga in busoga district, uganda. | | 1971 | 5150322 |
| the isolation of brucella abortus from a waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus). | | 1969 | 4980299 |
| investigations of allerton-type herpes virus infection in east african game animals and cattle. | neutralization tests with a strain (ba) of allerton-type herpes virus, derived from a buffalo (syncerus caffer) were carried out on 924 sera from 17 species of e. african game animals and on cattle sera from tanzania (2001), kenya (792) and uganda (410).buffalo populations throughout e. africa showed a very high rate of infection, with all animals over 2 years of age serologically positive. antibody was present in some giraffe, waterbuck and hippopotamus sera and, less frequently, in impala, ela ... | 1971 | 4326248 |
| the helminth parasites of various artiodactylids from some south african nature reserves. | the helminth species composition and helminth burdens of 4 grey duikers, 12 bushbuck, 2 nyala, 2 giraffe, a steenbok, an oribi, a waterbuck and a tsessebe from the kruger national park (knp); of a steenbok and a greater kudu from the farm riekerts laager, transvaal; of a single blue duiker from the tsitsikama forest national park, and of a blue wildebeest, a red hartebeest, a gemsbok and 2 springbok from the kalahari gemsbok national park (kgnp) were collected, counted and identified. new parasi ... | 1986 | 3725333 |
| evidence for the presence of an innate trypanosomicidal factor in the serum of a non-immune african waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus). | | 1988 | 3176155 |
| ultrastructure of the intra-erythrocytic stage of theileria species from cattle and waterbuck. | a transmission electron microscopic study of the intra-erythrocytic stages of a pathogenic theileria parva from cattle and a previously uncharacterized theileria sp. from waterbuck (kobus defassa) in kenya revealed several novel ultrastructural features, associated with feeding and multiplication, in these parasites. in trophozoites a connecting channel was observed between the parasite's cytostome and its intracytoplasmic food vacuole. in some cases the limiting membrane of the food vacuole was ... | 1987 | 3122362 |
| subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy, polyneuritis and ganglionitis in aged wild and exotic mammalians. | subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy was present in the intradural dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets of 19 aged individuals of the following wild and exotic mammalian species: woodrat, raccoon, mink, lynx, reindeer, red deer, musk ox, scimitar-horned oryx, arabian oryx, hybrid waterbuck, persian onager, przewalski's wild horse, malayan sun bear, asian elephant, east african river hippopotamus, vervet monkey and rhesus monkey. it was characterized by mild to severe multifocal ballooning of myelin ... | 1993 | 8408784 |
| survival and reproductive performance of female glossina morsitans morsitans when maintained on the blood of different species of wild mammals. | a study was carried out to determine the effect on the reproductive performance of female glossina morsitans morsitans westwood when allowed to feed, in vitro, for 63 days on fresh defibrinated blood of buffalo, bushbuck, cattle, eland, oryx, warthog, waterbuck or wildebeest. there were marginal differences in the survival and reproductive performance between eight different groups of tsetse, 200 per group, when fed on the blood of these mammalian species. when allowed to feed for 14 consecutive ... | 1988 | 2980193 |
| peripolar cells form the majority of granulated cells in the kidneys of antelopes and goats. | investigation of renal cortical tissue in 5 adult hartebeests (alcelaphus buselaphus cokii), 3 impalas (aepyceros melampus), 1 defassa waterbuck (kobus defassa) and 5 goats (capra hircus) revealed large granulated peripolar cells at the junction between the parietal and the visceral epithelial layers of the renal corpuscles. all four animal species under study contained 1 or more peripolar cells for the majority of renal corpuscles sectioned through the vascular pole. in the hartebeests, up to 3 ... | 1989 | 2750470 |
| outbreaks of rinderpest in wild and domestic animals in nigeria. | rinderpest, although eradicated from nigeria in 1974 after the jp15 campaign, was reintroduced into sokoto state in 1980 and again into borno state in 1983. the latter outbreak spread rapidly throughout nigeria and severely reduced the cattle population. an estimated one million cattle were lost. an outbreak occurred at the maiduguri zoo, in borno state, in january 1983 and killed 15 elands and six sitatungas. in march 1983, rinderpest appeared in yankari game reserve in adjoining bauchi state a ... | 1990 | 2343518 |
| characterisation of lymphocyte populations in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and waterbuck (kobus defassa) with workshop monoclonal antibodies. | in order to measure different lymphocyte populations in buffalo (syncerus caffer) and waterbuck (kobus defassa), we analysed the monoclonal antibodies from the 1st international workshop on leukocyte antigens in cattle, sheep and goats for suitable cross-reactive reagents. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three buffalo and three waterbuck were tested with the whole panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) together with some additional antibodies against mhc and ig. in some clusters almost al ... | 1991 | 2021061 |
| infection rates in glossina morsitans morsitans fed on waterbuck and boran cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense. | teneral glossina morsitans morsitans were fed on waterbuck (kobus defassa) and boran cattle (bos indicus) infected experimentally with trypanosoma congolense clone il2895. infection rates in tsetse varied from 9 to 31% when fed on cattle, and from 2 to 59% when fed on waterbuck. in waterbuck, infections were often detected through the development of parasites in tsetse at times when parasitaemia could not be detected through microscopic examination of blood. male and female, and 1- and 2-day-old ... | 1991 | 1685299 |
| pathogenicity of tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense for waterbuck (kobus defassa) and boran cattle (bos indicus). | five waterbuck (kobus defassa) and four boran cattle (bos indicus) were infected with trypanosoma congolense il2895 using glossina morsitans morsitans. at the same time, two waterbuck and two cattle were inoculated intravenously with bloodstream forms. with both methods of challenge, cattle had short prepatent periods followed by a continuous high parasitaemia. all cattle became severely anaemic and had to be treated with trypanocidal drugs to prevent death. in contrast, tsetse and intravenous c ... | 1991 | 1685298 |
| pentastomiasis (armillifer and linguatula sp.) infestations of wild animals in the kruger national park. | armillifer armillatus, linguatula serrata and l. nuttalli have each been isolated from nine different mammalian species in the kruger national park: lion, panthera leo; leopard, p. pardus; buffalo, syncerus caffer: blue wildebeest, connechaetes taurinus; giraffe, girraffa camelopardalis; kudu, tragelophus strepsiceros; waterbuck, kobus ellipsyprymnus; tsessebe, damaliscus iunatus and impala, aepyceros melampus. successful transmission of l. serrata from the lion to a domestic ox and impala is re ... | 1975 | 1223283 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-living african mammals. | twelve species of free-living african mammals from kenya, tanzania, uganda and zambia were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using the indirect hemagglutination test. of 157 animals sampled, 20 (13%) were seropositive. t. gondii antibodies were detected in burchell's zebra, (equus burchelli), hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), african elephant (loxodonta africana), defassa waterbuck (kobus defassa), lion (panthera leo), and rock hyrax (procavia capensis), the highest titers were fou ... | 1975 | 1195497 |
| observations on the epidemiology of ephemeral fever in kenya. | ephemeral fever antibody was found in domestic cattle in kenya across a wide range of ecological zones, from highland forests and grasslands to desert and semidesert thorn scrub. antibody was found in several species of game animals, notably waterbuck and buffalo, where over 50% of the samples showed antibody to ef. evidence was obtained to show that the virus had been cycling in these wild ruminant populations between epizootics in domestic cattle. | 1975 | 1058244 |
| observations on the histomorphology of sarcosporidian cysts of some east african game animals (artiodactyla). | the histomorphology of formalin-fixed micro and macrosarcosporidian cysts of grant's, thomson's gazelle, impala, wildebeest, bubal hartebeest, cape eland, red duiker, kirk's dik-dik, defassa waterbuck, bohor reedbuck, african buffalo, giraffe, warthog, and giant forest hog is described. the wall of microsarcosporidian cysts is smooth and without villi or with villi. the villi are solid or of honeycomb-like structure on tangential sections. in some animals, microsarcosporidian cysts of almost the ... | 1975 | 807047 |
| the prevalence of antibody of antibody to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (mycoplasma strain f38) in some wild herbivores and camels in kenya. | sera of 11 species of wild herbivores were tested for antibody to mycoplasma strain f38 which causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) in kenya. antibodies were found in buffalo (syncerus caffer) (32%), impala (aepyceros melampus) (10%) and camels (camelus dromedarius) (49%) but not in bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus), eland (taurotragus oryx), grant's gazelle (gazella granti), kongoni (alcelaphus buselaphus cokei), oryx (oryx beisa), thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii), waterbuck (kobu ... | 1978 | 691121 |
| identification by the blood incubation infectivity test of trypanosoma brucei subspecies isolated from game animals in the luangwa valley, zambia. | a total of 7 stocks of trypanosoma brucei subspecies, isolated from naturally infected game animals in the luangwa valley, eastern province, zambia were examined using a modified version of the blood incubation infectivity test (biit). one stock giving consistent biit responses typical of t.b. rhodesiense, was obtained from warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus). four other stocks, 2 from hyaena (crocuta crocuta), 1 from a waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) and 1 from a lion (panthera leo) responded l ... | 1979 | 44098 |
| effects of some african game animal sera on trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and t.b. brucei clones. | the effects of different african game sera on trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and t.b. brucei clones have been studied in vitro and in vivo, for the first time, using a modified version of the blood incubation infectivity test (biit). trypanosomes were incubated in vitro with serum samples from a number of different game animal species and their subsequent infectivity for proven susceptible rats then examined after one hour and 8 hours of serum incubation. sera from eland, waterbuck and, to a les ... | 1982 | 7051497 |
| detection of cowdria ruminantium in blood and bone marrow samples from clinically normal, free-ranging zimbabwean wild ungulates. | cowdria ruminantium causes severe, often fatal disease in domestic ruminants, whereas wildlife species usually are not affected. blood and bone marrow samples from healthy, free-ranging zimbabwean ungulates were taken during translocation from areas harboring amblyomma ticks and tested for the presence of c. ruminantium, using a pcr assay based on the c. ruminantium map1 gene. positive reactions were obtained in tsessebe (damaliscus lunatus), waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus), and impala (aepycer ... | 1995 | 7494060 |
| trials of traps and attractants for stomoxys spp. (diptera: muscidae). | five blue and black cloth traps designed for tsetse were tested for their ability to catch stomoxys spp. in kenya. significantly greatest catches were obtained with vavoua traps, which then were used to compare odor baits at nairobi park. acetone, lactic acid, and animal urine (cow, buffalo, waterbuck, camel) or dung (rhinoceros, elephant, hippopotamus) did not increase catches. however, 1-octen-3-ol dispensed at 0.2-2.0 mg/h increased catches up to 3.7-fold. vavoua traps were highly specific fo ... | 1995 | 7616518 |
| [epidemiologic study of bluetongue in sheep, cattle and different species of wild animals in the ivory coast]. | between 1992 and 1993, a serological survey was conducted in côte d'ivoire on 623 sera from sheep, 215 sera from cattle and 211 sera from wild herbivores. these sera were tested for bluetongue virus (btv) antibodies using an agar gel immunodiffusion test. the purpose of this survey was twofold: to establish the incidence of bluetongue in the country, and to analyse the putative role of btv in the reproductive pathology of sheep. seroprevalence was 52 +/- 4% in sheep, 95 +/- 3% in cattle, and 56 ... | 1994 | 7949349 |
| characterization of theileria parva which infects waterbuck (kobus defassa). | theileria-free waterbuck (kobus defassa) born in captivity were successfully infected with theileria parva sporozoites derived from ticks infected by feeding on african buffalo (syncerus caffer). all waterbuck underwent mild infections with the development of sporadic schizont and piroplasm parasitosis when inoculated with sporozoite doses lethal to cattle. a carrier state of t. parva was demonstrated by feeding clean r. appendiculatus nymphs on two of these infected waterbuck. tick batches from ... | 1994 | 8052510 |
| relationships between protease activity, host blood and infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | midgut protease activity in glossina morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans, at 48 h post bloodmeal averaged 1.8iu of trypsin-like activity. these two tsetse subspecies differ in their susceptibility to trypanosome infection. except for low levels in flies fed on waterbuck blood (0.7 iu), activity did not differ in flies fed a variety of host bloods (goat, pig, cow, buffalo, eland) and trypanosome species (trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei, t. simiae). protease activity was also not correlated w ... | 1994 | 8161844 |
| african buffalo serum contains novel trypanocidal protein. | the high ability of african buffalo, as compared to domestic cattle, to control infections with trypanosoma brucei brucei iltat 1.4 organisms did not correlate with the timing or magnitude of parasite surface coat-specific antibody responses and may have resulted from the constitutive presence in buffalo blood of a novel trypanocidal factor. buffalo plasma and serum contained material that killed bloodstream stage t. b. brucei, t. b. rhodesiense, t. b. gambiense, t. evansi, t. congolense, and t. ... | 1994 | 8167620 |
| the role of wild animals, other than buffalo, in the current epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in zimbabwe. | between 1989 and 1992, 7970 wild ungulates, comprising 14 different species, were tested for antibodies to types sat 1, sat 2 and sat 3 foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus. of these 1.2% were found to be positive and these included impala (aepyceros melampus), eland (taurotragus oryx), waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) and sable (hippotragus niger). all the positive animals were either from the wildlife areas where buffalo (syncerus caffer) occur or from ranches where clinical fmd had occurred in ... | 1993 | 8270015 |
| immobilization of game animals in trypanosomiasis research. | the proximity of human populations to communities of large animals in africa creates suitable conditions for the transmission of zoonotic diseases. since the indiscriminate destruction of these communities to control zoonoses is highly undesirable, the epidemiological role of the animals must be properly assessed in order that alternative methods of control can be developed. for this purpose, techniques should be available to permit large animals to be examined alive. immobilization techniques u ... | 1972 | 4544834 |
| reactions of sera from laboratory, domestic and wild animals in africa with protein a and a recombinant chimeric protein ag. | an elisa was developed to determine the reactivity of peroxidase labelled protein a and a recombinant protein a + protein g construct, to sera from a variety of laboratory, domestic and wild animals from africa. there was variability in the binding capacity of sera from individuals of the same species, but four groups could be recognized. sera from birds and crocodiles were at most weakly reactive with either protein a or the chimeric construct. sera from some domestic animals such as horse, goa ... | 1993 | 8281743 |
| cross-reactivity of workshop antibodies with cells from domestic and wild ruminants. | reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies (mabs) from the workshop panel with cells from cattle, sheep, goats, cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) and waterbuck (kobus defassa) were tested. one hundred and sixty-nine mabs reacted with bovine cells and 111 with sheep cells; 86 were shown to react with goat cells, 71 with buffalo cells and 70 with waterbuck cells. some mabs cross-reacted with all five ruminants tested, and are likely to react with epitopes that are conserved in other ruminant species. ... | 1993 | 8310653 |
| the influence of host blood on infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae isolated from wild-caught glossina pallidipes were fed to laboratory-reared g. morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans to determine the effect of host blood at the time of the infective feed on infection rates. bloodstream forms of trypanosomes were membrane-fed to flies either neat, or mixed with blood from cows, goats, pigs, buffalo, eland, waterbuck and oryx. the use of different bloods for the infective feed resulted in differences in infection ... | 1993 | 8355996 |
| isolation of coronaviruses antigenically indistinguishable from bovine coronavirus from wild ruminants with diarrhea. | diarrheal feces from three sambar deer and one waterbuck in a wild animal habitat and one white-tailed deer on a wildlife farm in ohio contained coronavirus particles which were agglutinated by antiserum to bovine coronavirus (bcv) in immune electron microscopy. three coronavirus strains were isolated in human rectal tumor cells from the feces of the sambar and white-tailed deer and the waterbuck, respectively. hemagglutination, receptor-destroying enzyme activity, indirect immunofluorescence, h ... | 1995 | 8586714 |
| centric fusion polymorphisms in waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus). | twenty-six captive individuals of the ellipsiprymnus subspecies group of kobus ellipsiprymnus were found to have chromosomal complements of 2n = 50-52 (fn = 61-62), and 26 of the defassa subspecies group, including three specimens from lake nakuru national park, kenya, had complements of 2n = 53-54 (fn = 62). g-banded karyotypes that were numbered according to the standard karyotype of bos taurus revealed that variation in diploid number was the result of polymorphism for two independent centric ... | 1998 | 9487681 |
| helminths and bot fly larvae of wild ungulates on a game ranch in central province, zambia. | helminths and bot fly larvae were collected from 11 wild ungulate species on a game ranch in the central province of zambia. new host-parasite records are: calicophoron sp. from defassa waterbuck kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa and kafue lechwe kobus leche kafuensis; avitellina centripunctata, gaigeria pachyscelis and gedoelstia cristata from tsessebe damaliscus lunatus lunatus; cooperia rotundispiculum from common reedbuck redunca arundinum; dictyocaulus filaria from greater kudu tragelaphus strep ... | 1998 | 9741058 |
| the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea, bovine herpes virus 1, rift valley fever, ephemeral fever and bluetongue and to leptospira sp in free-ranging wildlife in zimbabwe. | the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd), bovine herpes virus typel (bhv1), rift valley fever (rvf), bovine ephemeral fever (bef) and bluetongue (bt) and to leptospira sp. was determined in wildlife populations in zimbabwe. evidence of infection with bvd virus was found in 14 of the 16 species examined but was greatest in eland taurotragus oryx, nyala tragelaphus angasi and bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus. persistent infection with bvd virus was found in 1 of 303 a ... | 1998 | 9825798 |
| study on the sequential tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei brucei and t. vivax infections to african buffalo, eland, waterbuck, n'dama and boran cattle. | susceptibility of african buffalo, eland, waterbuck, n'dama and boran cattle to sequential glossina morsitans centralis-transmitted infections of trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei brucei and t. vivax was compared, and their possible role as reservoirs of these parasites for g. moristans centralis, g. pallidipes, g. austeni, g. brevipalpis and g. longipennis determined. the buffalo, eland, waterbuck and n'dama controlled t. congolense parasitaemias and were able to prevent anaemia. by contrast, o ... | 1999 | 9950344 |
| anti-trypanosoma brucei activity of nonprimate zoo sera. | constitutive anti-trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei s 427 clone 1 and 22 activities were evaluated in sera from 22 species of nonprimate mammals. the sera fell into 5 categories. sera from cape buffalo, giraffe, and greater kudu showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of replication of the 2 clones of organisms, which was dependent on the presence of xanthine oxidase. sera from warthog and springbok also severely limited trypanosome replication but lacked xanthine oxidase. their antitrypanoso ... | 1999 | 10207362 |
| behaviour of glossina morsitans morsitans westwood (diptera: glossinidae) on waterbuck kobus defassa ruppel and feeding membranes smeared with waterbuck sebum indicates the presence of allomones. | the behavioural responses of caged individual teneral glossina morsitans morsitans on waterbuck and ox and on feeding membranes with and without smears of different doses of waterbuck sebum were compared. no significant difference was found in the initial landing behaviour on the two animals, nor on treated and control parts of the membrane. however, the subsequent behaviours of the flies were significantly different. whereas none of the flies that landed on the ox showed any escape behaviour, m ... | 2000 | 11114392 |
| molecular insights into the evolution of the family bovidae: a nuclear dna perspective. | the evolutionary history of the family bovidae remains controversial despite past comprehensive morphological and genetic investigations. in an effort to resolve some of the systematic uncertainties within the group, a combined molecular phylogeny was constructed based on four independent nuclear dna markers (2,573 characters) and three mitochondrial dna genes (1,690 characters) for 34 bovid taxa representing all seven of the currently recognized bovid subfamilies. the nuclear dna fragments were ... | 2001 | 11420362 |
| transmission of cowdria ruminantium by amblyomma gemma from infected african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and eland (taurotragus oryx) to sheep. | two african buffalo (syncerus caffer), an eland (taurotragus oryx) and a waterbuck (kobus defassa) were intravenously inoculated with cowdria ruminantium (kiswani). amblyomma gemma nymphs were fed on the animals at 3 weekly intervals. jugular blood was also collected at 3 weekly intervals and inoculated into sheep. nymphal ticks that fed on one buffalo on days 16 and 37 and on the other buffalo on day 58 after infection transmitted the disease as adults to sheep. nymphs that were applied to the ... | 2001 | 11556617 |
| odor composition of preferred (buffalo and ox) and nonpreferred (waterbuck) hosts of some savanna tsetse flies. | a previous study on the feeding responses of tsetse flies, glossina morsitans morsitans, implicated the existence of allomonal barriers, both volatile and nonvolatile, on the nonpreferred host, waterbuck, kobus defassa. in the present study, electroantennogram-active compounds in odors from waterbuck were compared with those of two preferred hosts of tsetse flies, buffalo, syncerus caffer, and ox, bos indicus. odors from the three bovids were trapped on activated charcoal and/or reverse-phase (o ... | 2002 | 12049234 |
| gamma herpesvirus carrier status of captive artiodactyls. | between 1998 and 2000, 103 individuals of 19 species of the order artiodactyla at whipsnade wild animal park were tested for evidence of infection with gamma herpesviruses in order to distinguish between species which are susceptible to malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (alhv-1) of wildebeest (connochaetes sp.) or ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) of domestic sheep, and species which carry related viruses sub-clinically. gamma herpesvirus dna was detected in the kno ... | 2002 | 12208112 |
| interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasite infection in wild bovids. | in this study, i explored the interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasitism in wild bovids by examining temporal patterns of nematode faecal egg shedding in species with different diet types during a drought and non-drought year. study species included three grass and roughage feeders (buffalo, hartebeest, waterbuck), four mixed or intermediate feeders (eland, grant's gazelle, impala, thomson's gazelle) and two concentrate selectors (dik-dik, klipspringer). six ... | 2004 | 15013743 |
| studies on the genus setaria viborg, 1795 in south africa. iii. setaria thwaitei mönnig, 1933. | mönnig (1933) described setaria thwaitei from a sable antelope, hippotragus niger, the type host, as well as from roan antelope, hippotragus equinus, and waterbuck, kobus ellipsiprymnus. yeh (1959) considered setaria thwaitei to be synonym of setaria hornbyi. material collected from roan antelopes, sable antelopes and gemsbuck, oryx gazella, from several localities in the north and south of south africa, together with mönnig's (1933) material, were re-examined. measurements of the adult worms ob ... | 2004 | 15373332 |
| pcr-rflp analysis: a promising technique for host species identification of blood meals from tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae). | a polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method using universal primers complementary to the conserved region of the cytochrome b gene (cyt b) of the mitochondrion dna (mtdna) of vertebrates was applied to the identification of the origin of blood meals in tsetse flies. blood samples from ten potential tsetse hosts of the family bovidae (cattle, water buffalo, red buffalo, waterbuck, springbok, goat, sheep, sable antelope, oryx and dik-dik) were in ... | 2005 | 15999278 |
| massive outbreak of anthrax in wildlife in the malilangwe wildlife reserve, zimbabwe. | a massive outbreak of anthrax in the wildlife of the malilangwe wildlife reserve in zimbabwe between august and november 2004 resulted in the death of almost all the reserve's estimated 500 kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros). other species badly affected were nyala (tragelaphus angasi), bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus), waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) and roan antelope (hippotragus equinus), which suffered losses of approximately 68 per cent, 48 per cent, 44 per cent and 42 per cent of their popula ... | 2007 | 17259452 |
| prevalence of antibodies against rift valley fever virus in kenyan wildlife. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is an arbovirus associated with periodic outbreaks, mostly on the african continent, of febrile disease accompanied by abortion in livestock, and a severe, fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in humans. however, the maintenance of the virus during the inter-epidemic period (iep) when there is low or no disease activity detected in livestock or humans has not been determined. this study report prevalence of rvfv-neutralizing antibodies in sera (n=896) collected from 16 keny ... | 2008 | 17988425 |
| zygomycetes from herbivore dung in the ecological reserve of dois irmãos, northeast brazil. | thirty-eight taxa of zygomycetes distributed in 15 genera were recorded from tapir (tapirus terrestris), camel (camelus bactrianus), horse (equus caballus), deer (cervus elaphus), agouti (dasyprocta aguti), donkey (equus asinus), llama (llama glama) and waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) dung collected at the reserva ecológica de dois irmãos located in recife, state of pernambuco, northeast brazil. the samples were collected on a monthly basis from june 2005 to may 2006, taken to the laboratory an ... | 2011 | 24031609 |
| detection of trypanosoma brucei in field-captured tsetse flies and identification of host species fed on by the infected flies. | the prevalence of trypanosome infections in tsetse flies in the chiawa area of lower zambezi in zambia, with endemic trypanosomosis, was determined by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method that allowed the detection of trypanosome dna and determination of the type of animal host fed on by the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes, using tsetse-derived dna extracts as templates. ninety g. pallidipes (82 females and 8 males; 18.3%) of the 492 flies captured by baited biconical traps tested positive fo ... | 2008 | 18399780 |
| rainfall influences on ungulate population abundance in the mara-serengeti ecosystem. | 1. rainfall is the prime climatic factor underpinning the dynamics of african savanna ungulates, but no study has analysed its influence on the abundance of these ungulates at monthly to multiannual time scales. 2. we report relationships between rainfall and changes in age- and sex-structured abundances of seven ungulate species monitored monthly for 15 years using vehicle ground counts in the maasai mara national reserve, kenya. 3. abundance showed strong and curvilinear relationships with cur ... | 2008 | 18422558 |
| genotyping of clostridium perfringens isolated from domestic and exotic ruminants and swine. | clostridium perfringens types a, b, c, d and e are known to cause severe enteritis/enterotoxaemia and diseases (especially caused by type a) belonging to the gas oedema complex in many species. samples from the small intestine as well as faeces of domestic and exotic animals suffering from enterotoxaemic signs or having died within days after first occurance of toxaemia were submitted for typing c. perfringens toxovars by multiplex pcr. the following species have been investigated: domestic shee ... | 2003 | 14535937 |
| responses of glossina morsitans morsitans to blends of electroantennographically active compounds in the odors of its preferred (buffalo and ox) and nonpreferred (waterbuck) hosts. | in a previous study, comparison of the behavior of teneral glossina morsitans morsitans on waterbuck, kobus defassa (a refractory host), and on two preferred hosts, buffalo, syncerus caffer, and ox, bos indicus, suggested the presence of allomones in the waterbuck odor. examination of the volatile odors by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection showed that the antennal receptors of the flies detected constituents common to the three bovids (phenols and aldehydes), as well as ... | 2003 | 14682515 |
| shifting prey selection generates contrasting herbivore dynamics within a large-mammal predator-prey web. | shifting prey selection has been identified as a mechanism potentially regulating predator-prey interactions, but it may also lead to different outcomes, especially in more complex systems with multiple prey species available. we assessed changing prey selection by lions, the major predator for 12 large herbivore species in south africa's kruger national park. the database was provided by records of found carcasses ascribed to kills by lions assembled over 70 years, coupled with counts of changi ... | 2008 | 18481536 |
| bovine-like coronaviruses isolated from four species of captive wild ruminants are homologous to bovine coronaviruses, based on complete genomic sequences. | we sequenced and analyzed the full-length genomes of four coronaviruses (covs), each from a distinct wild-ruminant species in ohio: sambar deer (cervus unicolor), a waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus), a sable antelope (hippotragus niger), and a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). the fecal samples from the sambar deer, the waterbuck, and the white-tailed deer were collected during winter dysentery outbreaks and sporadic diarrhea cases in 1993 and 1994 (h. tsunemitsu, z. r. el-kanawati, d. ... | 2008 | 18842722 |
| trypanosoma brucei infection in asymptomatic greater kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros) on a game ranch in zambia. | trypomastogotes of trypanosoma brucei were detected from 4 asymptomatic kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros) on a game ranch located approximately 45 km north east of lusaka, zambia. blood smears examined from 14 wildlife species comprising of the impala (aepyceros melampus), kafue lechwe (kobus leche kafuensis), sable antelope (hippotragus niger), tsessebe (damaliscus lunatus), warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus), puku (kobus vardoni), zebra (equus burchelli), waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus), bushb ... | 2010 | 20333288 |
| the role of african buffalos (syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in uganda. | to study the role of african buffalos (syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in uganda, serum samples were collected from 207 african buffalos, 21 impalas (aepyceros melampus), 1 giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis), 1 common eland (taurotragus oryx), 7 hartebeests (alcelaphus buselaphus) and 5 waterbucks (kobus ellipsiprymnus) from four major national parks in uganda between 2005 and 2008. serum samples were screened to detect antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus ... | 2010 | 21143994 |
| minimizing predation risk in a landscape of multiple predators: effects on the spatial distribution of african ungulates. | studies that focus on single predator-prey interactions can be inadequate for understanding antipredator responses in multi-predator systems. yet there is still a general lack of information about the strategies of prey to minimize predation risk from multiple predators at the landscape level. here we examined the distribution of seven african ungulate species in the fenced karongwe game reserve (kgr), south africa, as a function of predation risk from all large carnivore species (lion, leopard, ... | 2011 | 21618919 |
| characterisation of the wildlife reservoir community for human and animal trypanosomiasis in the luangwa valley, zambia. | animal and human trypanosomiasis are constraints to both animal and human health in sub-saharan africa, but there is little recent evidence as to how these parasites circulate in wild hosts in natural ecosystems. the luangwa valley in zambia supports high densities of tsetse flies (glossina species) and is recognised as an historical sleeping sickness focus. the objective of this study was to characterise the nature of the reservoir community for trypanosomiasis in the absence of influence from ... | 2011 | 21713019 |
| parasites of south african wildlife. xix. the prevalence of helminths in some common antelopes, warthogs and a bushpig in the limpopo province, south africa. | little work has been conducted on the helminth parasites of artiodactylids in the northern and western parts of the limpopo province, which is considerably drier than the rest of the province. the aim of this study was to determine the kinds and numbers of helminth that occur in different wildlife hosts in the area as well as whether any zoonotic helminths were present. ten impalas (aepyceros melampus), eight kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros), four blue wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus), two bla ... | 2011 | 23327219 |
| a trypanosomiasis survey of wild animals in the luangwa valley, zambia. | between 1971 and 1974 546 wild animals of 34 species were examined for trypanosomes; 79 infections (9 mixed) were diagnosed and 29 stocks were cryopreserved. of 14 stocks of the subgenus trypanozoon tested by the blood incubation infectivity test three (two from kobus ellipsiprymnus and one from phacochoerus aethiopicus) retained their infectivity to rodents. there are indications that the number of animals harbouring trypanosomes is far in excess of those showing detectable parasitaemias even w ... | 1994 | 44099 |
| prey synchronize their vigilant behaviour with other group members. | it is generally assumed that an individual of a prey species can benefit from an increase in the number of its group's members by reducing its own investment in vigilance. but what behaviour should group members adopt in relation to both the risk of being preyed upon and the individual investment in vigilance? most models assume that individuals scan independently of one another. it is generally argued that it is more profitable for each group member owing to the cost that coordination of indivi ... | 0 | 17341457 |
| where is the game? wild meat products authentication in south africa: a case study. | wild animals' meat is extensively consumed in south africa, being obtained either from ranching, farming or hunting. to test the authenticity of the commercial labels of meat products in the local market, we obtained dna sequence information from 146 samples (14 beef and 132 game labels) for barcoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit i and partial cytochrome b and mitochondrial fragments. the reliability of species assignments were evaluated using blast searches in genbank, maximum likelihood phylog ... | 2013 | 23452350 |
| phylogeny and vicariant speciation of the grey rhebok, pelea capreolus. | a south african endemic antelope, the grey rhebok (pelea capreolus), has long been an evolutionary enigma in bovid systematics-its phylogenetic intractability attributed to its curious combination of derived and primitive morphological attributes and the consequences of a rapid radiation. by using a combination of dna sequences, chromosomal characteristics and quantitative and qualitative morphological features we show that the species is a sister taxon to a clade that comprises the waterbuck, r ... | 2013 | 24281547 |
| extreme wildlife declines and concurrent increase in livestock numbers in kenya: what are the causes? | there is growing evidence of escalating wildlife losses worldwide. extreme wildlife losses have recently been documented for large parts of africa, including western, central and eastern africa. here, we report extreme declines in wildlife and contemporaneous increase in livestock numbers in kenya rangelands between 1977 and 2016. our analysis uses systematic aerial monitoring survey data collected in rangelands that collectively cover 88% of kenya's land surface. our results show that wildlife ... | 2016 | 27676077 |
| tuberculosis determined by mycobacterium bovis in captive waterbucks (kobus ellipsiprymnus) in são paulo, brazil. | two waterbucks from são paulo zoo foundation exhibited respiratory symptoms in july 2004. after euthanasia, granulommas in lungs and mediastinic lymph nodes were observed. acid-fast bacilli isolated were identified as mycobacterium bovis spoligotype sb0121 by pra and spoligotyping. they were born and kept in the same enclosure with the same group, without any contact to other species housed in the zoo. this is the first detailed description of m. bovis infection in kobus ellipsiprymnus. | 2011 | 24031687 |
| identification and sequence characterization of novel theileria genotypes from the waterbuck (kobus defassa) in a theileria parva-endemic area in kenya. | waterbuck (kobus defassa), an ungulate species endemic to the eastern african savannah, is suspected of being a wildlife reservoir for tick-transmitted parasites infective to livestock. waterbuck is infested by large numbers of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, the tick vector for theileria parva, and previous data suggests that the species may be a source of t. parva transmission to cattle. in the present study, a total of 86 cattle and 26 waterbuck blood samples were obtained from marula, a site i ... | 2014 | 24690249 |
| trypanosome diversity in wildlife species from the serengeti and luangwa valley ecosystems. | the importance of wildlife as reservoirs of african trypanosomes pathogenic to man and livestock is well recognised. while new species of trypanosomes and their variants have been identified in tsetse populations, our knowledge of trypanosome species that are circulating in wildlife populations and their genetic diversity is limited. | 2012 | 23094115 |
| on the immobilization of hartebeest and kob in upper volta. | 24 hartebeests (alcelaphus buselaphus major), one waterbuck (kobus defassa) and 16 kobs (kobus kob) were immobilized during field work in upper volta. the use of the newly developed piperidine derivative r 33799 at weight treated dosage levels can be strongly recommended for the immobilisation of hartebeest. in this species the drug produces a sufficient deep analgesia within a reasonable short period for all handling purposes. it is safe, has a wide therapeutic index, can be used in syringes of ... | 1981 | 7195087 |
| wildlife-livestock interactions and risk areas for cross-species spread of bovine tuberculosis. | the transmission of diseases between livestock and wildlife can be a hindrance to effective disease control. maintenance hosts and contact rates should be explored to further understand the transmission dynamics at the wildlife-livestock interface. bovine tuberculosis (btb) has been shown to have wildlife maintenance hosts and has been confirmed as present in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the queen elizabeth national park (qenp) in uganda since the 1960s. the first aim of this study w ... | 2017 | 28155286 |
| responses of glossina pallidipes and glossina morsitans morsitans tsetse flies to analogues of δ-octalactone and selected blends. | previous studies have shown that δ-octalactone is an important component of the tsetse-refractory waterbuck (kobus defassa) repellent odour blend. in the present study, structure-activity comparison was undertaken to determine the effects of the length of the side chain and ring size of the lactone on adult glossina pallidipes and glossina morsitans morsitans. the responses of the flies to each compound were studied in a two-choice wind tunnel. increasing the chain length from c3 (δ-octalactone) ... | 2016 | 27143219 |
| buffalo, bush meat, and the zoonotic threat of brucellosis in botswana. | brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance infecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. little is known about the epidemiology and persistence of brucellosis in wildlife in southern africa, particularly in botswana. | 2012 | 22412932 |
| chemoecological role of mammalian urine in host location by tsetse,glossina spp. (diptera: glossinidae). | trap catch size was used to investigate whetherglossina pallidipes andg. longipennis could distinguish between the urine of the african buffalo, cattle, and waterbuck at nguruman in southwest kenya. ng2g traps baited with aged urine of these bovids caught significantly more of each tsetse than did the controls. the mean catch of either tsetse species in traps baited with aged urine of buffalo and cattle (tsetse hosts) and waterbuck (a nonhost) did not differ significantly. aged urine from both t ... | 1996 | 24225937 |
| repellency of tsetse-refractory waterbuck (kobus defassa) body odour to glossina pallidipes (diptera: glossinidae): assessment of relative contribution of different classes and individual constituents. | our earlier studies on the comparative behavioural responses of caged savanna tsetse (glossina morsitans morsitans and glossina pallidipes) on a preferred host (ox) and a non-host (waterbuck) suggested the presence of allomonal constituents on the latter. follow up comparison of the compositions of odours of waterbuck with those of ox and buffalo led to the identification of a series of compounds (15) specific to waterbuck, including straight chain carboxylic acid (c5-c10), phenols (guaiacol and ... | 2015 | 25746973 |
| traumatic pericarditis caused by a bamboo twig in captive waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus). | a 19-year-old captive male waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) exhibited traumatic pericarditis at necropsy. the animal weighed 182 kg at necropsy and revealed no remarkable findings in external observation. severe pericardial adhesions with fibrosis, hepato-diaphragmatic adhesions, straw-colored ascites and hepatosplenomegaly were observed upon examining the internal organs. perforations made by a 12-cm-long sharp-ended bamboo twig were detected in the reticulum, diaphragm, pericardium, lung and l ... | 2017 | 28757525 |
| wildlife population dynamics in human-dominated landscapes under community-based conservation: the example of nakuru wildlife conservancy, kenya. | wildlife conservation is facing numerous and mounting challenges on private and communal lands in africa, including in kenya. we analyze the population dynamics of 44 common wildlife species in relation to rainfall variation in the nakuru wildlife conservancy (nwc), located in the nakuru-naivasha region of kenya, based on ground total counts carried out twice each year from march 1996 to may 2015. rainfall in the region was quasi-periodic with cycle periods dependent on the rainfall component an ... | 2017 | 28103269 |
| osteoarthritis in two marine mammals and 22 land mammals: learning from skeletal remains. | the occurrence of osteoarthritis (oa) in marine mammals is still questionable. here we investigated the prevalence of oa in marine (dolphin and dugong) and terrestrial mammals (asian elephant, asiatic buffalo, camel, cat, cattle, deer, dog, domestic goat, horse, human, hyena, impala, lion, malayan tapir, assam macaque, mule, pig, rabbit, red kangaroo, sheep, tiger and waterbuck). skeletal remains obtained from five institutes were used as subjects; a total of 45 different parts (locations) of bo ... | 2017 | 28542897 |
| missing in action: species competition is a neglected predictor variable in species distribution modelling. | the central role of species competition in shaping community structure in ecosystems is well appreciated amongst ecologists. however species competition is a consistently missing variable in species distribution modelling (sdm). this study presents results of our attempt to incorporate species competition in sdms. we used a suit of predictor variables including soil adjusted vegetation index (savi), as well as distance from roads, settlements and water, fire frequency and distance from the neare ... | 2017 | 28708854 |
| mycobacterium orygis lymphadenitis in new york, usa. | we report a case of lymphadenitis caused by mycobacterium orygis in an immunocompetent person in stony brook, new york, usa. initial real-time pcr assay failed to provide a final subspecies identification within the m. tuberculosis complex, but whole-genome sequencing characterized the isolate as m. orygis. | 2017 | 28930016 |
| quantitative skeletal muscle histochemistry of four east african ruminants. | a quantitative histochemical study was made of superficial thigh muscle specimens (semimembranosus and some vastus lateralis) from topi, hartebeest, wildebeest and waterbuck (species listed in order of increasing size). fibres were largest (up to 120 microns diameter) in waterbuck but smallest (maximum approximately 90 microns) in wildebeest. type 2b fibres, most of them large, highly glycolytic and weakly aerobic, constituted approximately 75% of the cross-section of topi specimens and approxim ... | 1996 | 8621345 |
| a comparison of sweat gland activity in eight species of east african bovids. | 1. the pattern and control of the sweat glands of eight species of wild bovids has been studied.2. heat exposure resulted in changes in cutaneous moisture loss which showed considerable species variation. duiker, grant's gazelle, thomson's gazelle and oryx all demonstrated periodic discharges of moisture on to the surface of the skin. defassa waterbuck and eland exhibited discharges which were accompanied by a gradual rise in basal level. buffalo showed an immediate large increase which was sust ... | 1969 | 5821863 |
| coxiella burnetii in wild mammals: a systematic review. | coxiella burnetii is a multi-host bacterium that causes q fever in humans, a zoonosis that is emerging worldwide. the ecology of c. burnetii in wildlife is still poorly understood and the influence of host, environmental and pathogen factors is almost unknown. this study gathers current published information on different aspects of c. burnetii infection in wildlife, even in species with high reservoir potential and a high rate of interaction with livestock and humans, in order to partially fill ... | 2019 | 30506629 |
| war-induced collapse and asymmetric recovery of large-mammal populations in gorongosa national park, mozambique. | how do large-mammal communities reassemble after being pushed to the brink of extinction? few data are available to answer this question, as it is rarely possible to document both the decline and recovery of wildlife populations. here we present the first in-depth quantitative account of war-induced collapse and postwar recovery in a diverse assemblage of large herbivores. in mozambique's gorongosa national park, we assembled data from 15 aerial wildlife counts conducted before (1968-1972) and a ... | 2019 | 30865663 |
| discovery of a novel species, theileria haneyi n. sp., infective to equids, highlights exceptional genomic diversity within the genus theileria: implications for apicomplexan parasite surveillance. | a novel apicomplexan parasite was serendipitously discovered in horses at the united states - mexico border. phylogenetic analysis based on 18s rdna showed the erythrocyte-infective parasite to be related to, but distinct from, theileria spp. in africa, the most similar taxa being theileria spp. from waterbuck and mountain zebra. the degree of sequence variability observed at the 18s rdna locus also suggests the likely existence of additional cryptic species. among described species, the genome ... | 2018 | 29885436 |
| natural theileria equi infection in captive tapirus terrestris (perissodactyla: tapiridae) in the brazilian amazon. | the objective of this study was to detect natural theileria equi infection in captive tapirs (tapirus terrestris) in the brazilian amazon. samples from 19 captive tapirs were collected from zoological and botanical gardens and conservation parks in the pará (n = 18) and amazonas (n = 1) states. whole-blood samples were collected for subsequent screening of t. equi dna by pcr using the bec-uf2 and equi-r primer set. microscopic analyses of blood smears revealed t. equi trophozoites in 37% (7/19) ... | 2020 | 32360027 |
| digesta passage in nondomestic ruminants: separation mechanisms in 'moose-type' and 'cattle-type' species, and seemingly atypical browsers. | ruminants have been classified as having a 'moose-type' or 'cattle-type' digestive physiology. 'cattle-type' ruminants have a clear difference in the mean retention time (mrt) of fluid vs. small particles in the reticulorumen (rr), with a high 'selectivity factor' (sf = mrtparticle/ mrtfluid, >1.80), and are typically grazers and intermediate feeders. 'moose-type' ruminants have lower sf (<1.80), possibly because of defensive salivary proteins that constrain amounts of (high-viscosity) saliva, a ... | 2019 | 31220621 |
| long-term persistence of wildlife populations in a pastoral area. | facilitating coexistence between people and wildlife is a major conservation challenge in east africa. some conservation models aim to balance the needs of people and wildlife, but the effectiveness of these models is rarely assessed. using a case-study approach, we assessed the ecological performance of a pastoral area in northern tanzania (manyara ranch) and established a long-term wildlife population monitoring program (carried out intermittently from 2003 to 2008 and regularly from 2011 to 2 ... | 2020 | 33005359 |
| community-based wildlife management area supports similar mammal species richness and densities compared to a national park. | community-based conservation models have been widely implemented across africa to improve wildlife conservation and livelihoods of rural communities. in tanzania, communities can set aside land and formally register it as wildlife management area (wma), which allows them to generate revenue via consumptive or nonconsumptive utilization of wildlife. the key, yet often untested, assumption of this model is that economic benefits accrued from wildlife motivate sustainable management of wildlife. to ... | 2020 | 31993122 |
| the host-specificity of theileria sp. (sable) and theileria sp. (sable-like) in african bovidae and detection of novel theileria in antelope and giraffe. | tick-borne diseases caused by theileria are of economic importance in domestic and wildlife ruminants. the majority of theileria infects a limited number of host species, supporting the concept of host specificity. however, some theileria seem to be generalists challenging the host specificity paradigm, such as theileria sp. (sable) reported from various vertebrate hosts, including african buffalo, cattle, dogs and different antelope species. we tested the hypothesis that t. sp. (sable) uses bov ... | 2020 | 31566155 |
| seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease virus infection in some wildlife and cattle in bauchi state, nigeria. | foot and mouth disease (fmd) is an important transboundary viral disease of both domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals characterized by high morbidity with devastating consequence on the livestock worldwide. despite the endemic nature of fmd in nigeria, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease at the wildlife-livestock interface level. to address this gap, blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from some wildlife and cattle, respectively, within and around the yankari ... | 2020 | 32257095 |
| long-term historical and projected herbivore population dynamics in ngorongoro crater, tanzania. | the ngorongoro crater is an intact caldera with an area of approximately 310 km2 located within the ngorongoro conservation area (nca) in northern tanzania. it is known for the abundance and diversity of its wildlife and is a unesco world heritage site and an international biosphere reserve. long term records (1963-2012) on herbivore populations, vegetation and rainfall made it possible to analyze historic and project future herbivore population dynamics. nca was established as a multiple use ar ... | 2020 | 32155150 |
| effect of zebra skin-derived compounds on field catches of the human african trypanosomiasis vector glossina fuscipes fuscipes. | the riverine tsetse fly glossina fuscipes fuscipes is a major vector of trypanosome pathogens causing african trypanosomiasis. this fly species uses a combination of olfactory and visual cues to locate its hosts. previously, traps and targets baited with visual cues have been used in vector control, but the development of olfactory-based tools has been challenging. recently, repellents have shown promise as olfactory-based tools in tsetse vector control. here, we evaluated a three-component blen ... | 2020 | 33160957 |
| blending studies with selected waterbuck odor constituents or analogues in the development of a potent repellent blend against savannah tsetse. | previous comparison of the body odors of tsetse-refractory waterbuck and those of tsetse-attractive ox and buffalo showed that a blend of 15 eag-active compounds specific to waterbuck, including c5-c10 straight chain carboxylic acid homologues, methyl ketones (c8-c12 straight chain homologues and geranyl acetone), phenols (guaiacol and carvacrol) and δ-octalactone, was repellent to tsetse. a blend of four components selected from each class of compounds (δ-octalactone, pentanoic acid, guaiacol, ... | 2020 | 32592683 |
| cellular and molecular targets of waterbuck repellent blend odors in antennae of glossina fuscipes fuscipes newstead, 1910. | insects that transmit many of the world's deadliest animal diseases, for instance trypanosomosis, find their suitable hosts and avoid non-preferred hosts mostly through olfactory cues. the waterbuck repellent blend (wrb) comprising geranylacetone, guaiacol, pentanoic acid, and δ-octalactone derived from waterbuck skin odor is a repellent to some savannah-adapted tsetse flies and reduces trap catches of riverine species. however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with detection and ... | 2020 | 32581714 |