| the pathogenicity of bovine strains of foot and mouth disease virus for impala and wildebeest. | impala (aepyceros melampus) and wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) were infected with bovine strains of foot and mouth disease virus by intradermolingual inoculation. no clinical signs developed in the impala but mild atypical lesions developed in the tongues of the wildebeest with generalized spread to one foot in two of the eight animals exposed. all the impala but only some of the wildebeest developed viraemia. no virus could be isolated from any tissues in either species after the 7th day fo ... | 1975 | 167208 |
| serological evidence of bluetongue in game animals in botswana. | using the agar gel precipitin technique the sera of 397 african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and 90 sera of other common game species were examined for bluetongue antibodies. of the adult buffalo 283 out of 325 (87 per cent) were positive. buffalo calves were positive in 25 out of 72 cases (35 per cent). positive reactions were also recorded in lechwe (kobus leche), tsessebe (damaliscus lunatus), red hartebeeste (alcelaphus buselaphus), gemsbok (oryx gazella), sable (hippotragus niger) and impala ( ... | 1978 | 204086 |
| skin papillomas in an impala (aepyceros melampus) and a giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis). | viral particles, typical of the papovavirus family, were demonstrated by electronmicroscopy in small papillomas found on the feet of an impala (aepyceros melampus) and on the face of a giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) in kenya. histologically the tissues proved to be typical papillomas. the viral particles measured 38 nm and 40 nm in diameter in all tissue sections from the impala and giraffe respectively. | 1978 | 211271 |
| rotavirus (reovirus-like) infection of neonatal ruminants in a zoo nursery. | an outbreak of a pneumoenteric disease occurred in neonates in a zoo nursery. four of seven affected animals died. rotaviruses were observed in the feces of an affected 4-day old impala (aepyceros melampus), a thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii) and an addax (addax nasomaculatus). encapsulated escherichia coli also were isolated from the feces. the recovered rotaviruses was antigenically related to bovine rotavirus. a bovine rotavirus vaccine was given orally and no adverse effects were noted. | 1978 | 211273 |
| bluetongue antibody in botswana's domestic and game animals. | bluetongue precipitating antibody was demonstrated in sera of cattle, camels, sheep, goats and seven game species. of the domestic species the percentage of sera positive were; cattle 92%, camels 81%, goats 83% and sheep 36%. sheep sera, unlike those of other domestic species, varied greatly from area to area in the percentage positive. seroconversions were recorded in adult sheep between september and april. in adult cattle there was a gradual decline in the percentage positive with increasing ... | 1979 | 220761 |
| composition of adrenal lipids from some domestic and wild ruminants. | 1. lipids from the whole adrenal glands of the ox and the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) were extracted and fractionated into neutral and phospholipids. both species revealed the presence of considerable quantities of cholesterol but only very small quantities of cholesteryl esters. 2. fatty acids from various fractions of bovine and buffalo adrenal glands were investigated by gas-chromatography. they showed a remarkably low content of higher unsaturated fatty acids and a very high content of ... | 1977 | 318243 |
| application of ovine luteinizing hormone (lh) radioimmunoassay in the quantitation of lh in different mammalian species. | a sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring luteinizing hormone (lh) in various african mammalian species, using rabbit anti-ovine lh serum (gdn 15) and radioiodinated rat lh or ovine lh. serum and pituitary homogenates from some african mammals (hyrax, reedbuck, sable, impala, tsessebe, thar, spring-hare, ground squirrel and cheetah, as well as the domestic sheep, cow and horse and laboratory rat and hamster) produced displacement curves parallel to that of the ... | 1977 | 330153 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xii. artificial transmission of nematodes from blesbok and impala to sheep, goats and cattle. | sheep were successfully infested artificially with the larvae of haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus falculatus and impalaja nudicollis, cultured from the faeces of blesbok naturally infested with these nematodes. haemonchus placei, longistrongylus sabie, trichostrongylus colubrifomis, t. falculatus, impalaia tuberculata and cooperia hungi likewise became established in sheep, goats and calves dosed with larvae cultured from the faeces of infested impala. sheep and goat ... | 1979 | 460820 |
| cooperia connochaeti sp. nov. (nematoda, trichostrongylidae) from the blue wildebeest, connochaetes taurinus (burchell, 1823). | a new species of nematode. cooperia connochaeti, was collected from cross-bred blue and black wildebeest at krugersdorp (transvaal), blue wildebeest connochaetes taurinus (burchell, 1823) from the kruger national park (transvaal) and lake xhau (botswana), as well as from impala aepyceros melampus (lichtenstein, 1812) at malelane (transvaal) and pafuri (kruger national park). these nematodes are smaller than cooperia pectinata ransom, 1907, and their spicules, which are bifid in the distal third, ... | 1979 | 551358 |
| cytological changes associated with the functions of the oviduct epithelium during proestrus and estrus in impala, aepyceros melampus (lichtenstein, 1812). | this study was carried out on the ampulla epithelium of the oviduct of impala of various ages. the morphological and ultrastructural features of the component epithelial cells were described. the cytological events which take place in the various cell types were documented and discussed. 2 cell types, the ciliated and nonciliated, constituted the cell population of the epithelium. the absence of glycogen in the epithelial cells was recognised. | 1978 | 568895 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. x. helminths in impala. | two to four impala in the nylsvley nature reserve were culled each month from february 1975-february 1976. two trematode species, 1 cestode species and 13 species of nematodes were recovered from these antelope. of these, fasciola gigantica, gongylonema pulchrum, haemonchus placei and trichostrongylus falculatus are new records for impala. in general, h. placei, longistrongylus sabie and impalaia tuberculata exhibited a similar pattern of seasonal occurrence. adult worms were present during nove ... | 1978 | 572950 |
| evidence of a specific nidation site in ruminants. | the site of umbilical cord attachment in ruminants indicates the limited segment of the uterus where the blastocyst attachment occurs and could have potential significance for locating presumptive nidation sites. measurements of the site of cord attachment were made on impala (aepyceros melampus) and common duiker (sylvicapra grimmia) at several stages of gestation. both implant only in the right uterine horn although they ovulate from either ovary. relative to uterine length, cord attachment in ... | 1977 | 596344 |
| investigations on the prevalence of trypanosome carriers and the antibody response in wildlife in northern botswana. | 605 buffalo, 60 lechwe, 23 kudu, 23 impala, 15 tsessebe, 22 sable and two reedbuck from northern botswana were examined for trypanosome infections by serological and/or parasitological means. the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), the haematocrit centrifugation technique (hct) and rodent subinoculation were used. the overall prevalence of patent infection with trypanosomes in buffalo, lechwe and reedbuck was 15,7%. in the case of buffalo and lechwe it was possible to classify their origi ... | 1978 | 675844 |
| the prevalence of antibody of antibody to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (mycoplasma strain f38) in some wild herbivores and camels in kenya. | sera of 11 species of wild herbivores were tested for antibody to mycoplasma strain f38 which causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) in kenya. antibodies were found in buffalo (syncerus caffer) (32%), impala (aepyceros melampus) (10%) and camels (camelus dromedarius) (49%) but not in bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus), eland (taurotragus oryx), grant's gazelle (gazella granti), kongoni (alcelaphus buselaphus cokei), oryx (oryx beisa), thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii), waterbuck (kobu ... | 1978 | 691121 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xi. helminths in cattle on natural pastures in the northern transvaal. | after being exposed to infestation for 4 to 6 weeks, pairs of tracer calves were slaughtered to determine the seasonal incidence of helminth infestation in cattle on natural pasture. haemonchus placei was recovered from march-july and from november-february, and peak burdens were recorded during december and january. there was marked inhibition in larval development from april-july. trichostrongylus spp. were recovered from march-june and from november-february, the greatest number of worms bein ... | 1978 | 754122 |
| investigations on a theileria species from an impala. | an immature impala (aepyceros melampus), captured in the machakos district of kenya, had theileria-like parasites in its erythrocytes. blood from this animal was inoculated into a theileria-free impala born in captivity and a theileria-free, splenectomized steer. theilerial piroplasms were detected in the erythrocytes of the recipient impala 10 days after inoculation, and a peak parasitaemia of 2% was reached after 48 days, but no infection was detected in the steer. anaemia developed in the rec ... | 1975 | 803575 |
| besnoitia species (protozoa, sporozoa, toxoplasmatidae): recognition of cyclic transmission by cats. | isosporan oocysts, measuring 13 by 16 micrometers, from a cat in hawaii produced besnoitia cysts in tissues of mice and rats. feeding these cysts to cats led to oocyst shedding after 11 to 13 days, continuing for a mean of 11 days. this indicates a two-host cycle for besnoitia, adding an intestinal phase and oocyst production by a carnivore to the already known tissue stages. thus a representative of besnoitia, similar to other species in cattle, horses, reindeer, impala, other mammals, and rept ... | 1975 | 804183 |
| observations on the histomorphology of sarcosporidian cysts of some east african game animals (artiodactyla). | the histomorphology of formalin-fixed micro and macrosarcosporidian cysts of grant's, thomson's gazelle, impala, wildebeest, bubal hartebeest, cape eland, red duiker, kirk's dik-dik, defassa waterbuck, bohor reedbuck, african buffalo, giraffe, warthog, and giant forest hog is described. the wall of microsarcosporidian cysts is smooth and without villi or with villi. the villi are solid or of honeycomb-like structure on tangential sections. in some animals, microsarcosporidian cysts of almost the ... | 1975 | 807047 |
| blood parasites of some wild bovidae in botswana. | blood smears from a total of 282 wild bovidae from ngamiland, botswana were examined for the presence of blood parasites. the following species were sampled: 190 african buffalo, 23 impala, 10 blue wildebeest, 18 tsessebe, 1 eland, 13 lechwe, 16 kudu and 11 sable antelope. in addition, blood from 36 of the above antelope and from a further 48 buffalo was inoculated into rodents to test for the presence of trypanosomes. an anaplasm morphologically indistinguishable from anaplasma marginale theile ... | 1975 | 813170 |
| the fine structure of the placenta of the impala aepyceros melampus (lichtenstein, 1812). | the ultrastructure of the placenta was investigated at various stages of gestation. the nonplacental areas of the maternal epithelium continue to show considerable secretory activity long after implantation. the placental barrier is of the epithelio-chorial type. | 1976 | 984438 |
| growth condition and reproduction of the impala ram (aepyceros melampus). | | 1976 | 987945 |
| attempted artificaial infection or impala, blue wildebeest, buffalo, kudu, giraffe and warthog with heartwater. | intravenous injection of cowdria ruminantium infected blood produced no sings of disease in four impala, aepyceros melampus; three blue wildebeest, connochaetes taurinus; a buffalo, syncerus caffer; a kudu, tragelaphus strepsiceros; a giraffe. giraffa camelopardalis and a warthog, phacochoerus aethiopicus. a control sheep injected with the same blood reacted severely and showed typical lesions of heartwater at autopsy. | 1976 | 994140 |
| the role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of bovine petechial fever. | after experimental inoculation of cytoecetes ondiri, the agent of bovine petechial fever (bpf), multiplication occurred in impala, bushbuck, thomson's gazelles and wildebeest, as shown by infectivity studies and clinical findings. similar attempts to infect one eland failed. as a sequel to this, blood and spleen samples were collected from four species of wild ruminants in an area where bptf was endemic. isolations of c. ondiri were made from three of five bushbuck, but not from any other specie ... | 1975 | 1054728 |
| vitamin b12 and its binding proteins in the serum of some wild game species. | the concentration of vitamin b12 and its binding proteins was measured in the impala, nyala, wildebeest, zebra, bushpig, warthog, and rhino, all existing in their natural state. marked differences were found between some species. the variations observed are probably true species differences, unrelated to environmental factors. | 1975 | 1162511 |
| echinococcosis (hydatodosis) in wild animals of the kruger national park. | echinococcosis has been diagnosed in the following wild species in the kruger national park : lion, panthera leo, spotted hyena, crocuta crocuta, cape hunting dog, lycaon pictus, burchell's zebra, equus burchelli antiquorum, buffalo, syncerus caffer, hippopotamus, hippopotamus amphibius, and impala, aepyceros melampus. infestation rates in the herbivores vary from 60% in zebra to less than 1% in impala. species like elephant, loxodonta africana, and blue wildebeest, connochaetes taurinus, do not ... | 1975 | 1219111 |
| dystocia in a free-living impala (aepyceros melampus). | dystocia in a free-living impala (aepyceros melampus) in kruger national park (knp) is described. an exaggerated unilateral foot-nape posture is held responsible for a complete obstacle to parturition. | 1975 | 1219112 |
| pentastomiasis (armillifer and linguatula sp.) infestations of wild animals in the kruger national park. | armillifer armillatus, linguatula serrata and l. nuttalli have each been isolated from nine different mammalian species in the kruger national park: lion, panthera leo; leopard, p. pardus; buffalo, syncerus caffer: blue wildebeest, connechaetes taurinus; giraffe, girraffa camelopardalis; kudu, tragelophus strepsiceros; waterbuck, kobus ellipsyprymnus; tsessebe, damaliscus iunatus and impala, aepyceros melampus. successful transmission of l. serrata from the lion to a domestic ox and impala is re ... | 1975 | 1223283 |
| studies on the life cycle of the lungworm, pneumostrongylus calcaratus, mönnig, 1932. | the morphology of the first, second and third stage larvae of pneumostrongylus calcaratus is described. greater numbers of larvae were present in experimentally than in naturally infested slugs. an attempt to transmit infestation to impala was unsuccessful. | 1976 | 1263191 |
| selection of student nurses at bafokeng nursing college. | bafokeng nursing college is a privately owned institution situated at the impala mines in bophuthatswana. it selects and trains student nurses from all parts of southern africa in the comprehensive four-year course who at qualifying are free to work for genmin or anywhere else in the country. the college is affiliated to medunsa in offering the four-year comprehensive course. selection is limited because of limited facilities. the old selection process was evaluated in 1985 and the new selection ... | 1992 | 1301296 |
| genetic relationships between southern african sat-2 isolates of foot-and-mouth-disease virus. | sequencing of part of the 1d gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus was used to determine the relationships between sat-2 viruses isolated from outbreaks which occurred in cattle in zimbabwe and namibia and in impala in south africa between 1979 and 1989. the results demonstrated that the outbreaks in different countries were unrelated. surprisingly close relationships were shown between all sat-2 viruses isolated from cattle in zimbabwe since 1983 but the two major epizootics which occurred in 19 ... | 1992 | 1334842 |
| an evaluation of the effectivity of the scrub technique in quantitative ectoparasite ecology. | the effectivity of the scrub technique used in quantitative parasite ecology to collect ectoparasites from mammalian skins was evaluated. this was done by reprocessing already scrubbed skins with the alkali digestion technique to remove any remaining parasites. the skins of six adult impala (aepyceros melampus) ewes were used in the study. the results showed that the scrub technique is variable in its effectivity, and on average removed only 30.2% ectoparasites from the skins. it was also shown ... | 1992 | 1451610 |
| seasonal variation in pituitary-gonadal function in free-ranging impala (aepyceros melampus). | blood, testicular biopsies and electroejaculates were collected from adult male impala, free-ranging in the kruger national park (republic of south africa), during the breeding (rut; april-may) and nonbreeding (september-october) seasons. blood samples were collected at 5-min intervals for 120 min from anaesthetized males (n = 7 impala/group) treated intravenously with saline, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh: 1 microgram/kg body weight) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg: 10 or 30 iu/kg ... | 1991 | 1787471 |
| copper toxicity in ruminants: air pollution as a possible cause. | pathological findings and liver and kidney analyses confirmed that cattle had died of chronic copper poisoning on a farm in the north-eastern transvaal. this is the first known published record of chronic copper intoxication of cattle in southern africa. an epidemiological study revealed that a source of copper was air pollution which could have arisen from a nearby copper smelting unit. buffalo and impala in an adjacent area of the kruger national park were found to have significantly higher li ... | 1991 | 2052318 |
| feeding habits and flight range of blow-flies (chrysomyia spp.) in relation to anthrax transmission in the kruger national park, south africa. | carrion-frequenting blow-flies (chrysomyia albiceps and c. marginalis) were allowed 4 days of feeding on 32p-orthophosphate-labelled blood or an impala carcass (aepyceros melampus) in the northern kruger national park, south africa. the dispersal and density of fly faecal and discard droplets were then established using a geiger-counter, indicating that most droplets occurred between a height of 1 and 3 m on nearby leaves and twigs. this coincides with the preferred feeding height of kudu (trage ... | 1990 | 2216348 |
| causes of mortality in impala (aepyceros melampus) on 20 game farms in zimbabwe. | the most common cause of death in impala (aepyceros melampus) herds on 20 game farms in zimbabwe was stress or physical injury during capture. acute fascioliasis due to fasciola gigantica was identified as the main disease problem associated with smaller game farms and where impala had been recently introduced. losses associated with ticks and tick-borne diseases were rare. impala in zimbabwe are maintained in a healthy condition on game farms where they are given supplementary feed during the d ... | 1990 | 2238405 |
| the use of long-acting neuroleptics in impala (aepyceros melampus). | the long-acting neuroleptics perphenazine enanthate and pipothiazine palmitate were found to be effective for the long-term tranquilization of newly-captured and captive impala (aepyceros melampus). perphenazine enanthate (1.5 to 5.7 mg kg-1) produced a favourable state of tranquilization with a maximum effect lasting up to 7 d. pipothiazine palmitate (4.5 mg kg-1) produced tranquilization lasting 16 d. the animals accepted humans inside their pens, at a distance of 0.5 to 4 m, without showing a ... | 1989 | 2577291 |
| parasites of south african wildlife. iii. helminths of common reedbuck, redunca arundinum, in natal. | twenty-six common reedbuck, redunca arundinum, were shot in pairs at monthly intervals for 13 consecutive months in the himeville region of natal. ten nematode species, 2 cestodes and 1 trematode were recovered from these animals. cooperia yoshidai was both the most numerous and most prevalent worm and peak burdens occurred during summer. thirty-one reedbuck, killed at different intervals in various localities within the st. lucia reserve, harboured between 4 and 11 nematode species, 1 cestode a ... | 1989 | 2726193 |
| peripolar cells form the majority of granulated cells in the kidneys of antelopes and goats. | investigation of renal cortical tissue in 5 adult hartebeests (alcelaphus buselaphus cokii), 3 impalas (aepyceros melampus), 1 defassa waterbuck (kobus defassa) and 5 goats (capra hircus) revealed large granulated peripolar cells at the junction between the parietal and the visceral epithelial layers of the renal corpuscles. all four animal species under study contained 1 or more peripolar cells for the majority of renal corpuscles sectioned through the vascular pole. in the hartebeests, up to 3 ... | 1989 | 2750470 |
| comparative quantitation of the physiological response to acute stress in impala and roan antelope. | 1. the concentrations of 8 variables in the blood of impala and roan antelope exposed to acute stress were investigated. 2. an objective measure of the acute stress response, based on the % maximal change of the 8 variables, is suggested. 3. the method takes into account the species specificity of the stress response and is based on changes in the concentration of variables which reflect the (general) hormonal and (neuro-) endocrine balance of an animal at a given time. 4. the species-specific e ... | 1988 | 2899474 |
| observations on the lungworm, pneumostrongylus calcaratus, in impala (aepyceros melampus) from swaziland. | the lungworm, pneumostrongylus calcaratus, was found in 85% (164 of 193) of impala (aepyceros melampus) collected in mlawula nature reserve in swaziland. infection was confirmed at 4.5 mo of age, and the prevalence increased to 100% at 11 mo, with a prevalence of 98% in animals greater than 1 yr of age. pneumostrongylus calcaratus was usually found in firm, tangrey nodules along the lobar borders of the lungs, although an extensive granulomatous pneumonia with miliary caseous abscesses and calci ... | 1989 | 2915405 |
| foot-and-mouth disease and the african buffalo (syncerus caffer). ii. virus excretion and transmission during acute infection. | three groups of young buffalo in captivity were infected by exposing them to similar buffalo in the acute stages of infection induced by needle inoculation with sat 1 or 2 viruses. clear foot lesions developed in most of the buffalo from which the relevant virus types were re-isolated. during the first week following infection virus was found in blood, nasal secretions, saliva, preputial secretions and faeces. air samples collected in the immediate vicinity of acutely infected buffalo were also ... | 1986 | 3014419 |
| immediate response to repeated capture and handling of wild impala. | the composition of blood from veld and boma (enclosure)-kept impala, obtained immediately after the animals were manually restrained, was compared to control values. statistically significant differences existed between the values for hematocrit, lactate, glucose, and osmolarity of veld and boma-kept animals compared to control data. cortisol values were significantly greater (p less than .05) in boma-kept animals (93 +/- 21 nmol/liter) but not in veld impala (11 +/- 3 nmol/liter). it is suggest ... | 1988 | 3183599 |
| hepatic lesions associated with cooperioides hepaticae (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) infection in impala (aepyceros melampus) of the kruger national park. | intrahepatic biliary lesions were observed in two of 12 lambs, seven of 12 yearlings and 10 of 25 adult impala (aepyceros melampus) surveyed in the kruger national park, republic of south africa. lesions were associated with the nematode cooperioides hepaticae, a trichostrongyloid parasite that inhabits the bile ducts of impala, and ranged from a mild chronic-eosinophilic cholangitis to foci of florid hyperplastic cholangitis with duct ectasia. the latter almost always contained viable worms and ... | 1988 | 3193559 |
| the isolation of human serum-resistant trypanosoma (trypanozoon) species from zebra and impala in luangwa valley, zambia. | | 1988 | 3252589 |
| some avian and mammalian hosts of amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma marmoreum (acari: ixodidae). | large numbers of birds, wild mammals and domestic stock from a variety of localities within the republic of south africa were examined for infestation with the ixodid ticks amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma marmoreum. every warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus), burchell's zebra (equus burchelli), impala (aepyceros melampus) and kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros) from the kruger national park in the north-eastern transvaal lowveld was infested with a. hebraeum. in the eastern cape province every helmet ... | 1987 | 3329327 |
| arthropod parasites of common reedbuck, redunca arundinum, in natal. | twenty-five common reedbuck, redunca arundinum, from the himeville region, 21 from the eastern shores nature reserve, 4 from the charter's creek nature reserve and 2 from the st lucia game park, natal were examined for arthropod parasites. the reedbuck from himeville were infested with 4 ixodid tick species, those from the eastern shores with 7 species and those from charter's creek and st lucia with 6 species. rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was the only tick common to the 4 localities. the lice ... | 1988 | 3353095 |
| effects of chemical immobilisation on the blood composition of impala (aepyceros melampus (lichtenstein). | the effects of chemical immobilisation on impala (aepyceros melampus) were investigated. the results indicate that etorphine hcl or carfentanil should not be used in isolation but that xylazine should be included in the immobilisation "cocktail". the highest dose possible, commensurate with safety, should be used in order to minimise time and distance to recumbency. body temperature should be monitored and if cooling measures are not effective the animal should be aroused. either diprenorphine h ... | 1988 | 3361554 |
| observations on the life-cycle and larval morphogenesis of cooperia fuelleborni (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) parasitic in impala, aepyceros melampus. | the previously unknown life-cycle of cooperia fuelleborni, parasitic in impala, is described. the morphology of the developmental stages are compared to those of other cooperia spp. the similarity between c. fuelleborni and c. curticei is discussed as well as the differences between those two species. the morphological studies showed that c. fuelleborni is closely related to c. curticei of sheep, but also has some affinity with the cattle parasite c. punctata and c. oncophora. | 1986 | 3734395 |
| the life cycle of rhipicephalus lunulatus neumann, 1907 (acarina:ixodidae) under laboratory conditions, with notes on its ecology in zimbabwe. | the durations of the developmental periods of rhipicephalus lunulatus at 25 degrees c and 87% rh were: preoviposition, 2-9 days; oviposition, 29-34 days; minimum incubation, 11-27 days; nymphal premoult period, 11-23 days; and adult premoult period, 19-30 days. the durations of the feeding periods on a rabbit were: 3-7 days for larvae and 4-11 days for nymphs. adult feeding was completed on a rabbit and a sheep in 10-22 days in january and 14-64 days in september, and only fertilized females com ... | 1985 | 3870962 |
| blood parasites of the impala (aepyceros melampus) in the serengeti national park. | | 1973 | 4202696 |
| investigations of allerton-type herpes virus infection in east african game animals and cattle. | neutralization tests with a strain (ba) of allerton-type herpes virus, derived from a buffalo (syncerus caffer) were carried out on 924 sera from 17 species of e. african game animals and on cattle sera from tanzania (2001), kenya (792) and uganda (410).buffalo populations throughout e. africa showed a very high rate of infection, with all animals over 2 years of age serologically positive. antibody was present in some giraffe, waterbuck and hippopotamus sera and, less frequently, in impala, ela ... | 1971 | 4326248 |
| thermoregulation and water relations of two east african antelopes: the hartebeest and impala. | | 1971 | 4396824 |
| relationship between blood levels of testosterone and accessory sex gland weights in impala (aepyceros melampus). | | 1972 | 4404524 |
| the effect of xylazine and xylazine-etorphine- acepromazine combination on some clinical and haematological parameters in impala and eland. | | 1974 | 4436924 |
| the ultrastructure of the corpus luteum of the impala, aepyceros melampus (lichtenstein 1812). | | 1972 | 4652532 |
| parasitological studies on impala: preliminary report. | | 1973 | 4787763 |
| the relationship between social status and reproductive activity in male impala, aepyceros melampus. | | 1972 | 5078117 |
| lesions caused by cooperioides hepatica and stilesia hepatica in the liver of kenya impala. | | 1969 | 5394135 |
| uterine coccidiosis of the impala caused by eimeria neitzi spec. nov. | | 1970 | 5526338 |
| brucella melitensis in impala (aepyceros melampus). | | 1971 | 5575513 |
| studies on the relationship between besnoitia of blue wildebeest and impala, and besnoitia besnoiti of cattle. | | 1967 | 6069326 |
| the use of haloperidol as a long-acting neuroleptic in game capture operations. | haloperidol (r1625, serenace) a potent, long-acting butyrophenone neuroleptic, was shown to be very effective in game capture operations for the neuroleptization of several species of african wild herbivores, especially the medium and small antelopes. with a rapid onset of action following intravenous injection and a duration of action of 10-12 h in the majority of cases, haloperidol produced profound pyschomotor effects and remarkable tractability in red hartebeest, blesbok, springbok, duiker, ... | 1981 | 6122740 |
| the response of some african wildlife species to foot-and-mouth disease vaccination. | the preservation of wildlife is of increasing importance in may countries in africa but, due to hazards of possible transmission of disease from wild to domesticated species, the interests of the conservationist can conflict with those of the livestock owner. foremost among transmissible diseases common to many species of both wild and domesticated animals is foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). the effects of fmd vaccination on three important wildlife species, african buffalo (syncerus caffer), eland ... | 1980 | 6251284 |
| evaluation of lh-rh stimulation of testosterone as an index of reproductive status in rams and its application in wild antelope. | in rams a positive correlation (p less than 0.001) existed between average testosterone levels from 30-min blood sampling for 18 h and average testosterone levels of samples taken 0, 1 and 2 h after injection of lh-rh administered 90 min after anaesthesia. attempts were therefore made to assess testosterone status by lh-rh challenge and limited blood sampling in animals immobilized in their natural habitat. in impala (aepyceros melampus) territorial males had higher plasma testosterone values th ... | 1983 | 6341575 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in zimbabwe. ii. anaplasmosis. | a survey on the incidence of antibodies to anaplasma marginale in one- to three-year-old cattle was carried out in zimbabwe using the capillary tube agglutination test. antibodies were detected in all but one of 118 batches of sera collected from different localities throughout the country. there was no clear relationship between the frequency of occurrence of positive serological reactors, which was similar in both commercial and communal farming areas, and the incidence of clinical anaplasmosi ... | 1984 | 6485099 |
| nodular abomasitis in impala (aepyceros melampus) caused by the nematode longistrongylus sabie. | the periodic occurrence of nodular abomasitis associated with the trichostrongylid nematode longistrongylus sabie was observed in impala lambs of the kruger national park, republic of south africa. the condition was seen predominantly in animals less than 1 yr of age. peak incidences occurred in the spring and fall, when more than 50% of the lambs studied had from several to numerous nodules in their abomasal mucosae. the nodular lesions in the lambs were macroscopically larger than, but microsc ... | 1984 | 6527186 |
| the efficacy of ivermectin against helminth and arthropod parasites of impala. | the efficacy of ivermectin, injected subcutaneously at a dosage rate of 200 mcg/kg live mass, was determined against nematodes, ixodid ticks and lice infestations acquired by free-living impala, aepyceros melampus, in the kruger national park. although the parasite burdens of the untreated control animals varied considerably, ivermectin appeared to be highly effective against 7 nematode species and effective against 3 others. of the 4 tick species recovered, only boophilus decoloratus appeared t ... | 1983 | 6689430 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xv. the seasonal prevalence of ectoparasites on impala and cattle in the northern transvaal. | the prevalence of ectoparasites on a total of 36 impala (aepyceros melampus) slaughtered monthly from february 1975 to february 1976 and a total of 24 cattle slaughtered monthly from march 1976 to march 1977 in the nylsvley provincial nature reserve was determined. six species of ixodid ticks were collected from the impala and these, in order of abundance, were: rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rhipicephalus appe. diculatus, amblyomma hebraeum, boophilus decoloratus, ixodes cavipalpus and hyalomma ... | 1982 | 7177586 |
| the seasonal incidence of the major nematode genera recovered from sheep, cattle, impala and blesbok in the transvaal. | the seasonal incidence of helminth infestation in sheep, cattle, impala and blesbok was determined from fluctuations in the worm burdens of these animals exposed to natural infestation at particular localities in the transvaal and slaughtered at various fairly regular intervals. the nematodes considered to be of major importance were haemonchus spp. and trichostrongylus spp. in all four hosts, ostertagia spp. in sheep, longistrongylus spp. in impala, cooperia spp. in sheep, cattle and impala, co ... | 1981 | 7198149 |
| [comparative study of the chemical composition of excrement from some large african herbivorous mammals]. | in the course of an ecological and comparative study concerning the beetle and fly communities inhabiting the droppings of some large african grass-eating mammals, we analysed the chemical composition of fresh dung dropped in winter 1977-1978 and in spring 1978. the mammals concerned are : blesbok (damaliscus pygargus albifrons pallas), impala (aepyceros melampus licht.), bongo (boocerus euryceros ogilby), nyala (tragelaphus angasi angas), eland from cap (taurotragus oryx pallas), eland of lloyd ... | 1980 | 7258040 |
| host specificity and the distribution of the helminth parasites of sheep, cattle, impala and blesbok according to climate. | the helminth parasites recovered from sheep, cattle, impala and blesbok during several surveys conducted in the republic of south africa are listed as definitive, occasional or accidental parasites of their respective hosts. their distribution according to the various climatic zones of the republic are also listed. | 1981 | 7310791 |
| primary structures of pancreatic ribonucleases from bovidae. impala, thomson's gazelle, nilgai and water buffalo. | the amino acid sequences of the pancreatic ribonucleases from impala thomson's gazelle, nilgai and two types of water buffalo were studied from several enzymic digests. peptides were positioned by homology with other ribonucleases of known sequence. only peptides that differ in amino acid composition from the corresponding peptides of ox and goat ribonuclease were sequenced. the primary structures of pancreatic ribonucleases from 11 species of the bovidae family are known to date. the evolutiona ... | 1980 | 7353035 |
| detection of cowdria ruminantium in blood and bone marrow samples from clinically normal, free-ranging zimbabwean wild ungulates. | cowdria ruminantium causes severe, often fatal disease in domestic ruminants, whereas wildlife species usually are not affected. blood and bone marrow samples from healthy, free-ranging zimbabwean ungulates were taken during translocation from areas harboring amblyomma ticks and tested for the presence of c. ruminantium, using a pcr assay based on the c. ruminantium map1 gene. positive reactions were obtained in tsessebe (damaliscus lunatus), waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus), and impala (aepycer ... | 1995 | 7494060 |
| the transposable element impala, a fungal member of the tc1-mariner superfamily. | a new transposable element has been isolated from an unstable niad mutant of the fungus fusarium oxysporum. this element, called impala, is 1280 nucleotides long and has inverted repeats of 27 bp. impala inserts into a ta site and leaves behind a "foot-print" when it excises. the inserted element, impala-160, is cis-active, but is probably trans-defective owing to several stop codons and frameshifts. similarities exist between the inverted repeats of impala and those of transposons belonging to ... | 1995 | 7823909 |
| the anatomy of the omasum of some zambian game species. | the gross anatomy of the omasum of 11 different zambian game species are described. these include roan antelope, sable antelope, wildebeest, kudu, kafue lechwe, puku, reedbuck, impala, bushbuck, oribi and duiker. lamellar area and papilla density and shape are reported. | 1993 | 8129169 |
| anatomical studies on the spinal cord segments of the impala (aepyceros melampus). | the anatomy of the spinal cord segments was studied and recorded for the impala. the root attachment lengths were greatest at c3, t10 and l3 cord segment levels in the respective regions. as to the root emergence length the greatest lengths were observed at c7, t10, l5 and s1 cord segment levels respectively. the interroot interval was longest at c2, t8 and l1 segments respectively. the longest cord segments were c2, t13, l2 and s2 segments. the widest cord segments of their respective regions w ... | 1993 | 8238955 |
| the role of wild animals, other than buffalo, in the current epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in zimbabwe. | between 1989 and 1992, 7970 wild ungulates, comprising 14 different species, were tested for antibodies to types sat 1, sat 2 and sat 3 foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus. of these 1.2% were found to be positive and these included impala (aepyceros melampus), eland (taurotragus oryx), waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) and sable (hippotragus niger). all the positive animals were either from the wildlife areas where buffalo (syncerus caffer) occur or from ranches where clinical fmd had occurred in ... | 1993 | 8270015 |
| reactions of sera from laboratory, domestic and wild animals in africa with protein a and a recombinant chimeric protein ag. | an elisa was developed to determine the reactivity of peroxidase labelled protein a and a recombinant protein a + protein g construct, to sera from a variety of laboratory, domestic and wild animals from africa. there was variability in the binding capacity of sera from individuals of the same species, but four groups could be recognized. sera from birds and crocodiles were at most weakly reactive with either protein a or the chimeric construct. sera from some domestic animals such as horse, goa ... | 1993 | 8281743 |
| haematological reference values for east african wild ungulates. | basic haematological values were obtained in the field from shot, clinically normal, wild east african ungulates. the species studied were: thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii), grant's gazelle (gazella grantii), blue wildebeest (conochaetes taurinus), coke's hartebeest (alcelaphus buselaphus cokii), impala (aepyceros melampus) and burchell's zebra (equus burchelli). red cell parameters compared well with previous reports although the mean cell haemoglobin concentrations were higher. the white ... | 1993 | 8460271 |
| plant compositional constituents affecting between-plant and animal species prediction of forage intake. | the purpose of the study was to identify plant compositional constituents that influence forage intake. emphasis was put on the ratio in vitro digestibility of organic matter (ivdom):ndf because preliminary work with cattle and a limited number of forages showed the ratio to account for more variation in intake than either ivdom or ndf alone. the compositional constituents were tested in intake prediction models using local and published data (n = 302) on grass pastures, silages, hays, straws, l ... | 1995 | 8567482 |
| the efficiency of patch sampling for determination of relative tick burdens in comparison with total tick counts. | quantitative data on host tick burdens are fundamental for the initiation of control strategies and effective management of wildlife populations, but the methods of live sampling employed for domestic animals are unsuitable for sampling wild animals. despite advances in the use of destructive methods (the scrub and digestion techniques) to obtain measures of the total tick burden on wildlife, these methods are too involved for many field workers, who often need only measures of relative tick bur ... | 1995 | 8575274 |
| prevalence of hepatic helminths and associated pathology in impala (aepyceros melampus) in swaziland. | the livers of impala (aepyceros melampus) collected in the mlawula-mbuluzi-simunye nature reserve and protected area complex in northeastern swaziland from october 1985 to september 1986 were infected with three species of helminths: a nematode (cooperioides hepaticae), a cestode (stilesia hepatica), and a trematode (fasciola gigantica). cooperioides hepaticae caused a severe cholangitis. lambs were infected at 1.5 to 2 mo of age, and the prevalence increased to 100% by 5 mo of age. the prevalen ... | 1996 | 8627927 |
| the 1992 foot-and-mouth disease epizootic in the kruger national park. | the monitoring of a foot-and-mouth disease epizootic amongst impala (aepyceros melampus) in the kruger national park is described. infection rates of different sex and age classes of impala within the outbreak focus were determined. seroprevalence rates in other clovenhoofed species were also determined. rna sequencing of a portion of the 1d gene of viruses isolated from sat-2 viruses obtained from diseased impala showed that they were unrelated to previous sat-2 isolates made from animals in th ... | 1996 | 8765068 |
| grooming in impala: role of oral grooming in removal of ticks and effects of ticks in increasing grooming rate. | in experiment 1, five adult female impala were fitted with harnesses that restrained oral self-grooming of the anterior part of the body. at the same time, six cohoused female impala were fitted with control harnesses that allowed normal oral grooming. the impala were allowed to habituate to the harnesses for 10 days, and both groups were then exposed to larval ticks (boophilus decoloratus) by herding them into a tick-seeding corral. during the third week following tick seeding, when female tick ... | 1996 | 8778894 |
| the enhancement of the nutritive value of peas for broiler chickens: an evaluation of micronization and dehulling processes. | the effects of dehulling and micronization (infrared heating) on the nutritive value of three cultivars (impala, radley, and sirius) of peas (pisum sativum) varying in coat color for broiler chickens were studied. dehulling increased (p < or = 0.05) protein and starch contents and decreased (p < or = 0.05) fiber content of peas. also, the concentrations of most amino acids slightly increased (p > or = 0.05). micronization slightly changed (p > or = 0.05) the chemical composition of peas. moistur ... | 1996 | 8893301 |
| the influence of micronization, dehulling, and enzyme supplementation on the nutritional value of peas for laying hens. | two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of micronization (infrared heat treatment), dehulling, or enzyme supplementation on the nutritive value of three cultivars (impala, radley, and sirius) of peas in laying hens. in experiment 1, 280 white leghorn hens were fed diets containing micronized and dehulled peas for a period of 12 wk. the dietary inclusion of peas was 600 g/kg (correction was made for the amounts of hulls in those diets that contained dehulled peas). egg production ... | 1997 | 9057216 |
| sites of attachment and density assessment of ixodid ticks (acari:ixodidae) on impala (aepyceros melampus). | during 1994 and 1995, 45 impala ewes, aepyceros melampus were examined at letaba ranch in the northern province. tick counts were made from 15 animals on three occasions, in july, october and february. the objective was to determine whether the total body tick counts can be estimated from counts done on specific, selected sampling sites on the skin. twelve sites were shaved within ten predilection sites and the parasite numbers counted from these samples. these counts were compared to the total ... | 1997 | 9127491 |
| impala, aepyceros melampus, platelets: count, morphology, and morphometric observations. | there is little published information regarding the platelets of impala (aepyceros melampus). in this study we determined the platelet counts of 12 healthy adult male impalas and describe the morphology of the platelets. the platelet counts of the animals are high. although the platelets appear to be extremely small, they have the characteristic ultrastructure of the platelets of the family bovidae. they have few but prominent alpha-granules. other cytoplasmic inclusions are the dense bodies, mi ... | 1997 | 9149444 |
| a cladistic analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal dna from the bovidae. | there is a huge data base of genetic information for the domestic artiodactyl species bos taurus (cow), ovis aries (sheep), and capra hircus (goat). however, the phylogenetic relationships of these economically critical taxa and their close relatives, family bovidae, remain for the most part unresolved. in this report, we aligned new mitochondrial (mt) 12s and 16s ribosomal (r) dna sequences from 26 bovid taxa with published sequences. phylogenetic analyses of the more than 64 kilobases of mt rd ... | 1997 | 9187090 |
| seasonal changes in leaf lipid and fatty acid composition of nine plants consumed by two african herbivores. | in the wild, nutrients from plants provide for the requirements of all herbivores and ultimately all animals, yet little work has been published on how such nutrients change with environmental conditions. plant lipids are nutritionally important for browsing mammals, initially with respect to taste and palatability, but ultimately how they fulfill a variety of functions. this study reports on seasonal changes in fatty acid (fa) profiles of nine plants commonly consumed by two herbivore species ( ... | 1998 | 9470180 |
| health evaluation of black-faced impala (aepyceros melampus petersi) using blood chemistry and serology. | as part of ongoing ecological studies of black-faced impala (aepyceros melampus petersi) in northern namibia, blood samples were collected and analyzed from 26 animals captured for translocation in 1992. all animals appeared to be in good condition and no abnormality was noted during physical examination. serum chemistry and mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology and were within the normal ranges for domestic ruminants. antibody titers for in ... | 1997 | 9523628 |
| impala: a simple restraint field to simulate the biological membrane in molecular structure studies. | the lipid bilayer is crucial for the folding of integral membrane proteins. this article presents an empirical method to account for water-lipid interfaces in the insertion of molecules interacting with bilayers. the interactions between the molecule and the bilayer are described by restraint functions designed to mimic the membrane effect. these functions are calculated for each atom and are proportional to the accessible surface of the latter. the membrane is described as a continuous medium w ... | 1998 | 9533620 |
| morphological evidence for infection of impala, aepyceros melampus, platelets by a rickettsia-like organism. | ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of a parasite, believed to be ehrlichia platys, in the blood platelets of impala. at the time of blood sampling all the animals appeared healthy. this is the first report on the presence of this rickettsia in these animals, previously described in canine platelets. | 1997 | 9551485 |
| cutaneous glands of male and female impalas (aepyceros melampus): seasonal activity changes and secretory mechanisms. | the cutaneous glands of the forehead and the metatarsus were studied by histological and histochemical methods and electron microscopy in adult male and female impalas in various seasons of the year. all glandular areas consist of apocrine and holocrine glands, which, however, occur in different proportions. our findings in the apocrine gland cells suggest (1) the synthesis and exocytosis of a glycoproteinaceous secretory product stored in secretory granules, (2) typical apocrine secretion of th ... | 1998 | 9560480 |
| distribution of endocrine cells in the gut of the impala (aepyceros melampus). | immunocytochemical methods were employed to demonstrate endocrine cells, containing peptides and serotonin, in the gut of the impala. cells immunoreactive to serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, glucagon, neurotensin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and motilin were detected. antisera raised to substance p and pancreatic polypeptide failed to stain any cells. the distribution of these peptide-containing cells is more in line with the situation in sheep than other ... | 1998 | 9629588 |
| three highly divergent subfamilies of the impala transposable element coexist in the genome of the fungus fusarium oxysporum. | the transposable element impala is a member of the widespread superfamily of tc1-mariner transposons, identified in the genome of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum. this element is present in a low copy number and is actively transposed in the f. oxysporum strain f24 that is pathogenic for melons. the structure of the impala family was investigated by cloning and sequencing all the genomic copies. the analysis revealed that this family is composed of full-length and truncated copies ... | 1998 | 9790589 |
| fundamental cryobiology of selected african mammalian spermatozoa and its role in biodiversity preservation through the development of genome resource banking. | fundamental cryobiological characteristics of spermatozoa from threatened or endangered species must be determined for successful cryopreservation techniques to be established. in this study, spermatozoa from four diverse species, impala (aepyceros melampus), wart hog (phacochoerus aethiopicus), elephant (loxodonta africana), and lion (panthera leo), were collected by electroejaculation or epididymal aspiration. spermatozoal plasma membrane permeability to water (hydraulic conductivity, lp) and ... | 1998 | 9835382 |
| insertional mutagenesis of pathogenic fungi. | screening insertional mutants for loss of virulence is an effective method for investigating the molecular genetic basis of bacterial pathogenesis, but has only recently been applied to fungal pathogens. for many pathogenic fungi transformation with heterologous plasmid dna results in complex integration events. this problem can now be circumvented for some species using restriction enzyme mediated integration. insertional mutagenesis of fusarium oxysporum using the naturally occurring fungal tr ... | 1998 | 10066509 |
| cytochrome b phylogeny of the family bovidae: resolution within the alcelaphini, antilopini, neotragini, and tragelaphini. | the family bovidae is characterized by an incomplete fossil record for the period during which most bovid subfamilies emerged. this, coupled to extensive morphological convergence among species, has given rise to inconsistencies in taxonomic treatments, especially at the tribal and subfamilial levels. in an attempt to clarify some of these issues we analyzed the complete mtdna cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) from 38 species/subspecies representing at least nine tribes and six subfamilies. specific e ... | 1999 | 10222159 |
| sperm abnormalities associated with high copper levels in impala (aepyceros melampus) in the kruger national park, south africa. | the morphology of spermatozoa may be affected by very low concentrations of pollutants in the environment, and sublethal effects of toxic substances can be detected by studying the sperm of an animal. sperm were collected from 50 impala (aepyceros melampus) from a conservation area in south africa and studied ultramicroscopically. thirty-two samples were obtained from animals close to a copper mine, while 18 represented animals from an unpolluted area and held in captivity. liver samples from al ... | 1999 | 10381303 |