| a serologic survey of pronghorns in alberta and saskatchewan, 1970-1972. | to determine the exposure of free-ranging pronghorns (antilocapra americana ord) to selected pathogens, serum samples were obtained from 33 live-trapped animals from southwestern saskatchewan in 1970, and from 26 and 51 animals from southeastern alberta, in 1971 and 1972, respectively. antibodies were found to the agents of parainfluenza 3, bovine virus diarrhea, eastern and western encephalomyelitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the chlamydial group. no serologic reactors were found to ... | 1975 | 167203 |
| viruses isolated from captive and free-ranging wild ruminants in alberta. | nasal secretions, leukocytes and preputial or vaginal swabs from a group of 15 captive wild ruminants, comprising six pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), seven fallow deer (dama dama) and two mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and from 50 free-ranging pronghorns in southern alberta, were examined for viral agents. captive animals were given injections of dexamethasone daily for 6 days in attempts to reactivate latent infections. specimens were collected at 2-3 day intervals from days 0 to ... | 1977 | 190422 |
| primary structure of pronghorn pancreatic ribonuclease: close relationship between giraffe and pronghorn. | pancreatic ribonuclease from pronghorn (antilocapra americana) was isolated and its amino acid sequence was determined from a tryptic digest of the performic acid-oxidized protein. peptides were positioned by homology with other ribonucleases. only peptides that differed in amino acid composition from the corresponding peptides of ox or goat ribonucleases were sequenced. in a most parsimonius tree of pancreatic ribonucleases, pronghorn and giraffe were placed together and these two were placed w ... | 1979 | 513141 |
| dna replication in the sex chromosomes of the pronghorn and the rocky mountain goat. | the x chromosomes of the male pronghorn (antilocapra americana) is larger than the "original" type and carries a large segment of late-labelling chromatin. the y chromosome has a late-labelling segment that appears to duplicate synchronously with that of the x. both chromosomes have segments that label throughout the period of observation; that the x is about 4.7% of the haploid complement and approaches "original" proportions. the x chromosomes of the rocky mountain goat (oreamnos americanus) a ... | 1977 | 862436 |
| selected oxygen transport parameters in captive elk. | five captive elk (cervus canadensis) were immobilized with a mixture of etorphine hc1-acepromazine maleate, and measurements were taken of selected oxygen transport paraments. heart mass/body mass, hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood volume, mean corpuscular volume and airway resistance were measured and the values compared to other ungulates. it was concluded that the o2 transport system of elk is not as well developed as that in pronghorn but is superior to that found in the goat or ox. | 1977 | 866816 |
| the carotid and orbital retia of the pronghorn, deer and elk. | selective cooling of the brain during heat stress has been shown by others to be a method of temperature regulation for mammals having carotid retia. this study describes the macroscopic anatomy of the cranial circulation of elk, deer and pronghorn as it might pertain to the functioning of carotid retia and orbital retia as heat exchangers. emphasis has been placed on describing the source of venous blood bathing these retia, for blood flow from these sources to the ophthalmic plexus and caverno ... | 1977 | 907206 |
| studies on pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) as reservoirs of anaplasmosis in montana. | twenty-six pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) were collected in an area of eastern montana where bovine anaplasmosis is enzootic. their sera were examined for evidence of anaplasmosis by the complement-fixation test. strong false positive reactions (3+ and 4+ reactors) occurred for 19 of the sera tested; 6 sera were anticomplementary. inoculation of antelope blood into anaplasmosis, and anaplasma bodies were not found in stained blood smears of antelope or recipient calves. | 1977 | 916148 |
| further studies on trypanosomers in game animals in wyoming. | blood samples were collected from captive and free-ranging elk (cervus canadensis), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer, (odocoileus virginianus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana), moose (alces alces), and bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) for cultural evidence of trypanosoma sp. infection. eleven of 188 (12%) hunter-killed elk, 22 of 37 (59%) free-ranging elk, and 79 of 119 (66%) captive elk were culture positive in 1973-74. par ... | 1976 | 933315 |
| necrobacillosis in deer and pronghorn antelope in saskatchewan. | | 1975 | 1109764 |
| serum biochemical and electrophoretic values from four deer species and from pronghorn antelope. | serums from 4 species of deer and 1 species of antelope were analyzed for various components in order to define an animal disease model for sickle cell disease in people. animal species included black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), sika deer (cervus nippon nippon), fallow deer (dama dama), and pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana). the mean serum values for total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and electrolytes w ... | 1975 | 1190586 |
| evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals. | with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and versatile primers that amplify the whole cytochrome b gene (approximately 1140 bp), we obtained 17 complete gene sequences representing three orders of hoofed mammals (ungulates) and dolphins (cetaceans). the fossil record of some ungulate lineages allowed estimation of the evolutionary rates for various components of the cytochrome b dna and amino acid sequences. the relative rates of substitution at first, second, and third positions within codons a ... | 1991 | 1901092 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for efficient detection of antibody to bluetongue virus in pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using cell-associated viral antigen, was developed for detection of antibody to bluetongue virus (btv) in field-collected pronghorn (antilocapra americana) sera. to test the applicability of the elisa to seroepizootiologic studies, pronghorn serum samples from three wyoming counties (usa) were tested. bluetongue virus elisa results were compared to those of the bluetongue immunodiffusion assay. discrepant serum samples were retested for reac ... | 1990 | 2154627 |
| invasive entamoebae in pronghorn (antilocapra americana) from wyoming. | trophozoites and cysts of an amoeba resembling entamoeba bovis were recovered from soft stools of captive pronghorn fawns (antilocapra americana). chronic or intermittent diarrhea was observed in most individuals in two groups of hand-raised 1- to 8-mo-old pronghorns. ileocecal lymph nodes were mildly to moderately enlarged. microscopic lesions were characterized by lymphoid hyperplasia, focal necrosis and pyogranulomatous inflammation in lymph nodes and focal necrosis and diffuse nonsuppurative ... | 1990 | 2304201 |
| [nematodirinae (nematoda:trichostrongyloidea) of antilocapra and ovis in alberta, canada]. | in this first note, the trichostrongyloidea belonging to the nematodirinae parasites of ruminants from alberta are identified. new morphological data were given on nematodirella antilocaprae (price, 1927) parasite of antilocapra americana. nematodirus andersoni n. sp. is described from ovis canadensis. because of the deep indentation of the dorsal lobe, the species is similar to n. bioccai rossi, 1983 parasite of ovis aries in iran. however, it is different in the reduced number of cuticular rid ... | 1989 | 2624376 |
| bluetongue in free-ranging pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) in wyoming: 1976 and 1984. | at least 3,200 pronghorn (antilocapra americana) died during a bluetongue (bt) epizootic in eastern wyoming during late september and early october 1976. in august and september 1984, another bt epizootic occurred in northeastern wyoming resulting in 300 known pronghorn deaths. in 17 pronghorn examined postmortem, hemorrhages and edema were the most common gross pathologic changes. microscopic changes included hemorrhage, edema, arterial fibrinoid necrosis, lymphoid depletion in splenic and lymp ... | 1988 | 2832621 |
| antibodies to bovine bacterial and viral pathogens in pronghorns in alberta, 1983. | sera from 210 pronghorns (antilocapra americana) ranging in southeastern alberta were tested for antibodies to disease agents present in indigenous cattle. no antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo, or grippotyphosa, or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were found. antibodies at prevalences of 43.8% and 49.2% were detected to bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) and parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) viruses, respectively. the much higher prevalence of bvd virus ant ... | 1986 | 2845155 |
| hematology, blood chemistry and selenium values of captive pronghorn antelope, white-tailed deer and american bison. | pronghorn were observed to have a significantly higher whole blood selenium concentration than either the white-tailed deer or bison. pronghorn colloid values were significantly less than those of the bison, and approached statistical significance for the white-tailed deer. differential white blood cell counts for the white-tailed deer were markedly different from those of the pronghorn and bison. the american bison had significantly higher cortisol values and lower t3 values than either the whi ... | 1987 | 2885128 |
| the selection-arena hypothesis. | the selection arena hypothesis offers one answer to a puzzling question. why do some organisms produce many more fertilized zygotes than are actually reared to hatching, birth, or release-then neglect, discard, resorb, or eat some of them, or allow them to eat each other? it makes four assumptions: (1) zygotes are cheap; (2) after conception the investment of parental time, energy, or risk into offspring continues; (3) offspring vary in fitness; (4) variation in offspring fitness can be identifi ... | 1987 | 2961604 |
| epidemiology of two orbiviruses in california's native wild ruminants: preliminary report. | between 1978 and 1983 we collected more than 1,500 serum samples from california's native black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), 4 races of mule deer (o. h. sp.), tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes), roosevelt elk (c. e. roosevelti), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), california bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis californiana), peninsular bighorn sheep (o. c. cremnobates) and desert bighorn sheep (o. c. nelsoni) and analyzed them for agar gel precipitating (agp) antibodies to b ... | 1985 | 2989899 |
| serosurvey for selected pathogens in hunter-killed pronghorns in western nebraska. | exposure of pronghorns (antilocapra americana) in western nebraska in 1983 to selected livestock pathogens was examined by serology and attempted virus isolation. antibodies were present to the agents of bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. there were no serologic reactors to brucella, and attempts to isolate the viruses of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease were negative. | 1986 | 3005667 |
| malpais spring virus: a new vesiculovirus from mosquitoes collected in new mexico and evidence of infected indigenous and exotic ungulates. | two virus isolates, 1 each from aedes campestris and psorophora signipennis mosquitoes collected in south central new mexico in august 1985, were shown by neutralization tests to be identical to each other, but not to any of more than 250 arthropod-borne and other viruses. electron microscopy of 1 isolate (85-488nm, chosen as the prototype) indicated that this strain shares morphologic characteristics with viruses of the family rhabdoviridae. indirect fluorescent antibody tests indicated that th ... | 1988 | 3061310 |
| chlamydial hemagglutinin identified as lipopolysaccharide. | chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) agglutinated mouse and rabbit erythrocytes but not human, guinea pig, or pronghorn antelope erythrocytes. hemagglutination was not specific for chlamydia spp., as rough lpss from coxiella burnetii and escherichia coli also agglutinated erythrocytes from the same animal species. nonagglutinated and agglutinated erythrocytes bound equivalent amounts of lps, indicating that hemagglutination was not due to a specific interaction of chlamydial lps with erythrocytes ... | 1987 | 3301820 |
| experimental infections of anaplasma ovis in pronghorn antelope. | anaplasma ovis was experimentally transmitted from sheep to pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) and back to sheep. anaplasma ovis was recovered in splenectomized sheep, from two of three spleen-intact pronghorns following their inoculation with blood from known a. ovis carrier sheep. these two pronghorns exhibited a 0.5% or higher a. ovis parasitemia within 48 days after exposure, and an anaplasmosis-positive serological response 91 days after exposure. clinical signs of illness were not ... | 1987 | 3586197 |
| the role of wild north american ungulates in the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis: a review. | published reports of brucella abortus infections in wild north american ungulates and domestic cattle herds were reviewed to determine if infection in these species was related. bison (bison bison) were frequently found infected, but are probably a minor threat to livestock due to their current limited distribution. most elk (cervus elaphus) were free of infection except where their range was shared with infected bison or livestock. deer (odocoileus spp.), pronghorns (antilocapra americana), moo ... | 1985 | 3908724 |
| energy of the oscillating legs of a fast-moving cheetah, pronghorn, jackrabbit, and elephant. | lifelike models of the oscillating legs treated as three-segment systems show the course of kinetic and potential energy over the locomotor cycle for a cheetah, pronghorn, jackrabbit, and elephant running at speeds approaching their maxima. the models can be adjusted to eliminate differences among the animals in time intervals, mass or length of limb, and joint angles. this facilitates analysis of the influence on total energy of each of these variables and of the distribution of mass among leg ... | 1985 | 3989863 |
| bluetongue virus in pronghorn antelope. | | 1972 | 4336799 |
| comparison of selected cardiopulmonary parameters between the pronghorn and the goat. | | 1974 | 4417857 |
| capillaria hepatica (nematoda: trichuridae) in pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana ord) in alberta. | | 1972 | 4673719 |
| infectious pododermatitis in a pronghorn antelope in alberta. | | 1974 | 4810217 |
| caseous lymphadenitis in pronghorns (antilocapra americana). | | 1972 | 5061740 |
| partial immunity in sheep induced by haemonchus sp. isolates from pronghorn antelope: effect of age of sheep host and chemical abbreviation of infections. | | 1970 | 5466488 |
| research note. otobius megnini (acarina: argasidae) in the ears of pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) in new mexico. | | 1970 | 5534022 |
| morphological and histochemical observations on the duodenal glands of eight wild ungulate species native to north america. | the duodenal glands of the species examined (alces alces, ovis canadensis, cervus canadensis, oreamnos americanus, bison bison, antilocapra americana, odocoileus virginianas, odocoileus heminous) are confined primarily to the submucosa of the small intestine. in one species, the moose, a significant population of secretory tubules also is observed in the mucosa. the ducts of the duodenal glands pierce the overlying muscularis mucosae to empty most often independently into the intestinal lumen. t ... | 1981 | 6171158 |
| a seroepidemiologic survey of three pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations in southeastern idaho, 1975-1977. | sera from 104 adult and 42 fawn pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) from southeastern idaho were tested against selected livestock pathogens. the numbers positive/numbers tested (% positive) were as follows: bovine virus diarrhea - adults 2/102 (2), fawns 0/41 (0);; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - adults 27/101 (27), fawns 9/42 (22); parainfluenza 3 - adults 79/104 (76), fawns 22/42 (52); bovine adenovirus 7 - adults 42/103 (41), fawns 20/48 (48); bovine adenovirus 3 - adults 11/32 (3 ... | 1980 | 6246285 |
| experimental contagious ecthyma in mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn and wapiti. | hand-reared mule deer fawns (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer fawns (odocoileus virginianus), pronghorn fawns (antilocapra americana) and wapiti calves (cervus elaphus nelsoni) were exposed to contagious ecthyma lesion material obtained from rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis) to determine the susceptibility and pathogenesis in these species. all four species developed mucocutaneous proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, grossly and histologically compatible with ... | 1983 | 6685778 |
| anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. | anaplasma marginale can be transmitted, will grow and can survive in a large number of domestic and wild animals. it is pathogenic in cattle, and usually produces nonapparent or mild infections in other species. anaplasma marginale has been recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana americana), rocky ... | 1984 | 6716555 |
| sarcocystis species in moose (alces alces), bison (bison, bison), and pronghorn (antilocapra americana) in montana. | the transmission of sarcocystis spp from naturally infected moose, bison, and pronghorn was attempted in laboratory-raised coyotes and dogs. infected musculature from a moose was feed to a dog and a coyote, and 12 days later, both animals shed sporocysts. sporocysts were 14 to 17 x 8.5 to 10.5 micron (av 14.5 x 8.8). a coyote was fed muscle from a bison, and 11 days later, it shed sporocysts. the sporocysts were 14 to 16 x 9 to 11 micron (14.0 x 9.0). infected tissues from a pronghorn were fed t ... | 1980 | 6782919 |
| induced toxoplasmosis in pronghorns and mule deer. | two mule deer and 2 pronghorns were inoculated intraruminally with infective oocysts (deer with 100,000 each, and pronghorns with 100, and 10,000) of the gt-1 strain of toxoplasma gondii. the deer died 7 and 11 days after inoculation, and the pronghorns died 13 and 19 days after inoculation. necropsy findings were typical of acute toxoplasmosis. | 1982 | 7174439 |
| isolation of encysted toxoplasma gondii from musculature of moose and pronghorn in montana. | pieces of skeletal muscle from 43 mule deer, 34 elk, 4 white-tailed deer, 21 pronghorn, 7 moose, and 2 bison were examined for toxoplasma infection, by the acid-pepsin digestion technique. toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 1 moose and 1 pronghorn. the isolated strains of t gondii were of low virulence to mice. | 1981 | 7224306 |
| further studies on trypanosomes in game animals in wyoming ii. | further studies on moose revealed trypanosomes in two captive moose (alces alces shirasi) and in 4 of 7 free-ranging moose in wyoming by blood culture. two free-ranging moose from utah were negative. one of two additional captive moose calves was positive for trypanosomes. trypanosomes also were detected in blood cultures of 8 of 39 american bison (bison bison) being brought into wyoming from nebraska. nineteen additional bison were negative for trypanosomes by blood cultures. identification of ... | 1981 | 7338978 |
| capacity for red blood cell aggregation is higher in athletic mammalian species than in sedentary species. | the purpose of this study was to show that two rheological parameters, red blood cell (rbc) sedimentation rate and apparent blood viscosity at low shear rate, characterizing the degree of rbc aggregation, correlate significantly with the maximal mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption or aerobic capacity (vo2max). comparisons were made within two groups of similarly sized athletic and sedentary species: group 1, pronghorn antelope, dog, goat, and sheep; and group 2, horse and cow. the pronghorn ... | 1994 | 7836201 |
| chromosome conservation among the advanced pecorans and determination of the primitive bovid karyotype. | extensive monobrachial qfh-band homologies were found among cattle (bovidae), pronghorn (antilocapridae), masai giraffe (giraffidae), and mule and whitetail deer (cervidae). the deer species had identical karyotypes (2n = 70, naa = 70). interfamily comparisons demonstrated that cattle (2n = 60, naa = 58) and pronghorn (2n = 58, naa = 60) were karyotypically the most similar. the giraffe possessed a 2n = 30, naa = 54, and differed from the other artiodactyls by having a preponderance of biarmed a ... | 1994 | 8014460 |
| characterization of a satellite dna from antilocapra americana. | the nucleotide sequence of a cloned satellite dna from antilocapra americana (american pronghorn antelope) is presented. the 1477-bp satellite is composed of degenerate 31-bp sub-repeats which are very similar in sequence to those of the major satellite dnas from cattle and sheep. the sub-repeat sequence is more degenerate and variable in pronghorn than it is in cattle or sheep. the sequence is organized in the pronghorn genome in multicopy tandem arrays. | 1994 | 8056340 |
| forensic identification of ungulate species using restriction digests of pcr-amplified mitochondrial dna. | a survey of mitochondrial d-loop variation in 15 species of ungulates was conducted via amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. this survey included moose (alces alces), caribou (rangifer tarandus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (o. h. columbianus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), waipiti (cervus elaphus), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), stone's she ... | 1995 | 8522926 |
| prevalence of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever virus in wild and domestic ruminants by competitive-inhibition elisa. | a competitive-inhibition elisa (ci-elisa), based on a monoclonal antibody to an epitope conserved among malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) strains of both wildebeest and sheep origin, was used to determine the prevalence of antibody to mcfv in selected domestic and wild ruminants, both free-ranging and captive, from the usa. we evaluated 2528 sera from 14 species between 1990 and 1995, including 80 pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), 339 bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), 103 biston (b ... | 1996 | 8827669 |
| repetitive sequence families in alces alces americana. | high-resolution derivative melting was used to obtain detailed distributions of local (g + c) contents in a number of ruminant dnas. profiles over low (g + c) regions [20-36% (g + c)] are congruent for all ruminants. this region represents 45-50% of the nuclear dna content and primarily contains intergenic and intron sequences. the high (g + c) region, where most coding sequences are found [38-68% (g + c)], is marked by satellite bands denoting the presence of transcriptionally inert, tandemly r ... | 1997 | 9115175 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease: analysis of tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals widespread orbivirus infection at low copy numbers. | a recent outbreak of hemorrhagic fever in wild ruminants in the northwest united states was characterized by rapid onset of fever, followed shortly thereafter by hemorrhage and death. as a result, a confirmed 1,000 white-tailed deer and pronghorn antelope died over the course of 3 months. lesions were multisystemic and included severe edema, congestion, acute vascular necrosis, and hemorrhage. animals that died with clinical signs and/or lesions consistent with hemorrhagic fever had antibody to ... | 1998 | 9557671 |
| a diet supplement for captive wild ruminants. | nutritional husbandry of captive wild ruminants often requires feeding these animals a supplemental diet to enhance their health, reproductive performance, and productivity. although supplemental diets for wild ruminants are commercially available, few have been evaluated in controlled intake and digestion trials. voluntary intake, digestive efficiency, nitrogen retention, and gross energy utilization of pronghorn (antilocapra americana), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), mountain sheep (ovis can ... | 1998 | 9732028 |
| gas exchange: large surface and thin barrier determine pulmonary diffusing capacity. | the lung is characterized by its diffusing capacity for oxygen, dlo2, which is estimated from morphometric information as a theoretical capacity. it is determined by the large gas exchange surface, the thin tissue barrier, and the amount of capillary blood. the question is asked whether dlo2 could be a limiting factor for o2 uptake in heavy exercise, particularly in athletes with their 50% higher o2 demand. this is answered by studying the relation between dlo2 and maximal o2 consumption in diff ... | 1999 | 10394805 |
| health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in oregon. | during 1996 and 1997, the u.s. fish and wildlife service conducted a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) fawns on hart mountain national antelope refuge (hmnar) located in southeastern oregon (usa). as part of that study, blood, fecal, and tissue samples from 104 neonatal fawns, 40 adult does, and nine adult male pronghorns were collected to conduct a health evaluation of the population. physiological parameters rel ... | 1999 | 10479084 |
| understanding the limitation of o2 supply through comparative physiology. | comparative physiology and morphometry are used to explore the role of the lung in the limitation of oxygen supply to working muscle as it is experienced at aerobic capacity and in hypoxia such as at high altitude or in subterraneous burrows. in the human lung, as in that of most mammals, the pulmonary diffusing capacity is about 1.5 times larger than what is needed at aerobic capacity. in athletic species (horse, dog) there is no such excess diffusing capacity. as an exception the pronghorn ant ... | 1999 | 10647854 |
| septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in oregon. | as part of a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn (antilocapra americana) neonates on hart mountain national antelope refuge (hmnar), oregon (usa), 55 of 104 neonates captured during may 1996 and 1997 were necropsied (n = 28, 1996; n = 27, 1997) to determine cause of death. necropsies were conducted on fawns that died during may, june, or july of each year. the objectives of this study were to report the occurrence and pathology of pasteurellosis in ... | 2000 | 10813624 |
| evaluation of anthelmintic activity in captive wild ruminants by fecal egg reduction tests and a larval development assay. | the effectiveness of anthelmintics was evaluated in four herds of captive ruminants, wapiti (cervus elaphus), armenian red sheep (ovis orientalis), giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis), and pronghorn (antilocapra americana), by the use of fecal egg reduction tests (ferts) and a commercial larval development assay (lda) designed to evaluate susceptibility or resistance of nematodes to anthelmintics. haemonchus sp. was the predominant nematode in the red sheep, giraffe, and pronghorn herds, whereas os ... | 2000 | 11237142 |
| a molecular analysis of dietary diversity for three archaic native americans. | dna was extracted from three fecal samples, more than 2,000 years old, from hinds cave, texas. amplification of human mtdna sequences showed their affiliation with contemporary native americans, while sequences from pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and cottontail rabbit allowed these animals to be identified as part of the diet of these individuals. furthermore, amplification of chloroplast dna sequences identified eight different plants as dietary elements. these archaic humans consumed 2-4 d ... | 2001 | 11296282 |
| fusobacteriosis in captive wild-caught pronghorns (antilocapra americana). | an outbreak of fusobacterium necrophorum-induced septicemia occurred in a group of 40 captive wild-caught pronghorns (antilocapra americana). primary pododermatitis or necrotic stomatitis progressed to produce fatal septicemia with metastatic lesions in the forestomachs, lung, liver, and cecum in 38 of the animals. two remaining animals were euthanatized because of chronic pododermatitis. housing the animals in a pasture previously used by bovids and heavy rains with persistence of ground water ... | 2001 | 11572563 |
| synlophe in ostertagia cf. kasakhstanica (nematoda: ostertagiinae), the minor morphotype of o. bisonis from western north america. | ostertagia cf. kasakhstanica, the putative minor morphotype of the polymorphic ostertagiine o. bisonis, is reported in bison bison from south dakota. descriptions of the synlophe and details of other diagnostic characters useful in identification and differentiation of this minor morphotype from other ostertagiines in wild and domestic ruminants from western north america are presented. laterally, the cervical synlophe is consistent with type ib pattern among ostertagiines and is within the rang ... | 2001 | 11695392 |
| safety of brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine in non-target ungulates and coyotes. | brucellosis is endemic in free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) and bison (bison bison) in the greater yellowstone area (gya; usa). it is possible that an oral brucellosis vaccine could be developed and disseminated in the gya to reduce disease transmission. should this occur, non-target species other than elk and bison may come in contact with the vaccine resulting in morbidity or mortality. to assess biosafety, bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis; n = 10), pronghorn (antilocapra americana; n = 9), mule ... | 2002 | 12238372 |
| evaluation of brucella abortus strain rb51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope. | free-roaming elk and bison in the greater yellowstone area remain the only wildlife reservoirs for brucella abortus in the united states, and the large number of animals and a lack of holding facilities make it unreasonable to individually vaccinate each animal. therefore, oral delivery is being proposed as a possible option to vaccinate these wild ungulates. one of the main problems associated with oral vaccination is the potential exposure of nontarget species to the vaccines. the purpose of t ... | 2002 | 12381572 |
| phylogeny of ruminants secretory ribonuclease gene sequences of pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | phylogenetic analyses based on primary structures of mammalian ribonucleases, indicated that three homologous enzymes (pancreatic, seminal and brain ribonucleases) present in the bovine species are the results of gene duplication events, which occurred in the ancestor of the ruminants after divergence from other artiodactyls. in this paper sequences are presented of genes encoding pancreatic and brain-type ribonuclease genes of pronghorn (antilocapra americana). the seminal-type ribonuclease gen ... | 2003 | 12470934 |
| parelaphostrongylus tenuis in captive pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) in nebraska. | lesions in four captive pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) naturally infected with parelaphostrongylus tenuis in eastern nebraska (usa) are described in this report. animals were bright and alert with hind limb ataxia that progressed to sternal or lateral recumbency between july 28 and october 17, 1998. animals were euthanized due to disease progression despite therapy. multifocal decubital ulcers over bony prominences occurred in two animals and chronic unilateral otitis media was prese ... | 2002 | 12528452 |
| molecular and morphological phylogenies of ruminantia and the alternative position of the moschidae. | the ruminants constitute the largest group of ungulates, with >190 species, and its distribution is widespread throughout all continents except australia and antarctica. six families are traditionally recognized within the suborder ruminantia: antilocapridae (pronghorns), bovidae (cattle, sheep, and antelopes), cervidae (deer), giraffidae (giraffes and okapis), moschidae (musk deer), and tragulidae (chevrotains). the interrelationships of the families have been an area of controversy among morph ... | 2003 | 12746147 |
| presumptive copper deficiency in hand-reared captive pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawns. | presumptive copper deficiency was diagnosed in hand-reared captive pronghorn (antilocapra americana) at the los angeles zoo. clinical signs, which were manifested in growing fawns, included anemia, anorexia, diarrhea, progressive paresis/recumbency, and aortic rupture. the range of serum copper concentrations in fawns born during the 1989 season (0.08-0.67 ppm) was below levels considered normal for domestic sheep and goats (0.7-2.0 ppm) and below concentrations measured in adult pronghorn (0.4- ... | 2001 | 12785688 |
| vibriosis as a factor in the repoduction of antelope (antilocapra americana). | | 1959 | 13664612 |
| aerobic characteristics of red kangaroo skeletal muscles: is a high aerobic capacity matched by muscle mitochondrial and capillary morphology as in placental mammals? | marsupials and placentals together comprise the theria, the advanced mammals, but they have had long independent evolutionary histories, with the last common ancestor occurring more than 125 million years ago. although in the past the marsupials were considered to be metabolically 'primitive', the red kangaroo macropus rufus has been reported to have an aerobic capacity (vo2max) comparable to that of the most 'athletic' of placentals such as dogs. however, kangaroos travel at moderate speeds wit ... | 2004 | 15235010 |
| myostatin rapid sequence evolution in ruminants predates domestication. | myostatin (gdf-8) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development. this gene has previously been implicated in the double muscling phenotype in mice and cattle. a systematic analysis of myostatin sequence evolution in ruminants was performed in a phylogenetic context. the myostatin coding sequence was determined from duiker (sylvicapra grimmia caffra), eland (taurotragus derbianus), gaur (bos gaurus), ibex (capra ibex), impala (aepyceros melampus rednilis), pronghorn (antilocapra american ... | 2004 | 15522803 |
| characterization of a novel pestivirus originating from a pronghorn antelope. | a unique pestivirus, isolated from a pronghorn antelope (antilocopra americana), was characterized. serum neutralization studies suggested that this virus was antigenically related to pestiviruses. genomic characteristics, unique to pestiviruses, indicated that this virus belongs to the pestivirus genus. these characteristics included the organization of the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr), the presence and length of a viral npro coding region, conservation of cysteine residues in npro, conserva ... | 2005 | 15681069 |
| pseudostertagia bullosa (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) in artiodactyl hosts from north america: redescription and comments on systematics. | a relationship for pseudostertagia bullosa within the trichostrongyloids has been enigmatic or unresolved. studies of the synlophe in males and females of p. bullosa revealed a tapering system anterior to the deirids and a pattern of parallel ridges extending to near the caudal extremity in both lateral and median fields. structurally, the synlophe differs considerably from that seen among the cooperiinae and exhibits homoplasy with respect to ridge systems among some ostertagiinae. other struct ... | 2005 | 15986613 |
| reovirus-like agent associated with neonatal diarrhea in pronghorn antelope. | reovirus-like particles were demonstrated by negative stain electron microscopic examination of the feces from antelope fawns with diarrhea. fluorescent antibody tests on frozen sections of ileum from one dead antelope fawn and immunoelectron microscopy tests on feces from two live fawns provided evidence that the antelope agent was serologically related to the neonatal calf diarrhea reovirus-like agent. | 1976 | 16502683 |
| pestiviruses in wild animals. | pestiviruses are not strictly host-species specific and can infect not only domestic but also wild animals. the most important pestivirus, csfv, infects domestic pigs and wild boars, which may cause a major problem for successful csfv eradication programmes. mainly bvdv specific antibodies have been reported in captive and free-living animals. virus has been isolated from some of these animal species, but since bvdv can contaminate cell cultures and foetal calf serum, early reports of bvdv isola ... | 2006 | 16839713 |
| connecting the dots: an invariant migration corridor links the holocene to the present. | numerous species undergo impressive movements, but due to massive changes in land use, long distance migration in terrestrial vertebrates has become a highly fragile ecological phenomenon. uncertainty about the locations of past migrations and the importance of current corridors hampers conservation planning. using archeological data from historic kill sites and modern methods to track migration, we document an invariant, 150 km (one-way) migration corridor used for at least 6000 years by north ... | 2006 | 17148280 |
| serologic survey for pathogens potentially affecting pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment in arizona, usa. | during the 1990s, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations declined in arizona, usa. to investigate potential causes of decline, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested male pronghorn from 2001 to 2003 on four arizona sites. sera were tested for antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and chlamydia psitta ... | 2006 | 17255453 |
| saskatchewan. prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in pronghorns and mule deer in southern saskatchewan. | | 1990 | 17423564 |
| genomic expansion of the bov-a2 retroposon relating to phylogeny and breed management. | bov-a2 is a retroposon that is widely distributed among the genomes of ruminants (e.g., cow, deer, giraffe, pronghorn, musk deer, and chevrotain). this retroposon is composed of two monomers, called bov-a units, which are joined by a linker sequence. the structure and origin of bov-a2 has been well characterized but a genome-level exploration of this retroposon has not been implemented. in this study we performed an extensive search for bov-a2 using all available genome sequence data on bos taur ... | 2007 | 17436038 |
| numerical taxonomy of the genus pestivirus based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5' untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus rna have been considered for taxonomical segregation of species, through the evaluation of 430 genomic sequences. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, six species have been identified: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease ... | 2007 | 17719098 |
| irruptive population dynamics in yellowstone pronghorn. | irruptive population dynamics appear to be widespread in large herbivore populations, but there are few empirical examples from long time series with small measurement error and minimal harvests. we analyzed an 89-year time series of counts and known removals for pronghorn (antilocapra americana) in yellowstone national park of the western united states during 1918-2006 using a suite of density-dependent, density-independent, and irruptive models to determine if the population exhibited irruptiv ... | 2007 | 17913126 |
| validation of an anaplasma marginale celisa for use in the diagnosis of a. ovis infections in domestic sheep and anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates. | a commercially available (celisa) kit for diagnosing anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was validated for diagnosing a ovis infection in sheep using the bovine serum controls as supplied by the manufacturer (bcelisa) and sheep serum controls from pathogen-free sheep (ocelisa). true positives were identified using two previously established assays, a nested pcr (npcr) test and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa). the bcelisa was also applied to sera from various species of wild ruminan ... | 2008 | 18272296 |
| molecular characterization of coprophilous fungal communities reveals sequences related to root-associated fungal endophytes. | this paper reports the use of molecular methods to characterize the coprophilous fungal communities (cfc) that inhabit the dung of four species of mammalian herbivores at two sites, sevilleta national wildlife refuge (snwr) in new mexico and wind cave national park (wcnp) in south dakota. results reveal that cfc from domesticated cattle (bos taurus) at snwr, and bison (bison bison) and black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) at wcnp were diverse but dominated primarily by members within ... | 2011 | 20842497 |
| human genome 10th anniversary. probing pronghorn mating preferences. | | 2011 | 21350146 |
| species characterization in the genus pestivirus according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5'-untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of the pestivirus genome have been considered for taxonomical segregation of the species, through the evaluation of 534 strains. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, species have been identified within the genus, determining genetic distances between species isolates, clarifying borderline and multirelated sequences, and charac ... | 2011 | 21514324 |
| Common functional correlates of head-strike behavior in the pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and combative artiodactyls. | Pachycephalosaurs were bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony domes on their heads, suggestive of head-butting as seen in bighorn sheep and musk oxen. Previous biomechanical studies indicate potential for pachycephalosaur head-butting, but bone histology appears to contradict the behavior in young and old individuals. Comparing pachycephalosaurs with fighting artiodactyls tests for common correlates of head-butting in their cranial structure and mechanics. | 2011 | 21738658 |
| historic, pre-european settlement, and present-day contribution of wild ruminants to enteric methane emissions in the united states. | the objectives of this analysis were to estimated historic (pre-european settlement) enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions from wild ruminants in the contiguous united states and compare these to present-day ch(4) emissions from farmed ruminants. the analysis included bison, elk (wapiti), and deer (white-tailed and mule). wild ruminants such as moose, antelope (pronghorn), caribou, and mountain sheep and goat were not included in the analysis due to their natural range being mostly outside of the co ... | 2011 | 22178852 |
| comparative chromosome painting of pronghorn (antilocapra americana) and saola (pseudoryx nghetinhensis) karyotypes with human and dromedary camel probes. | pronghorn (antilocapridae, 2n = 58) and saola (bovidae, 2n = 50) are members of pecora, a highly diversified group of even-toed hoofed mammals. karyotypes of these species were not involved in chromosome painting studies despite their intriguing phylogenetic positions in pecora. | 2014 | 24923361 |
| a serosurvey for ruminant pestivirus exposure conducted using cattle sera collected for brucellosis surveillance in the united states. | four species of ruminant pestivirus are currently circulating in the united states: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, -2; predominant host: cattle), border disease virus (bdv; predominant host: sheep), and pronghorn virus (sporadically detected in wild ruminants). a third bovine pestivirus called hobi-like virus has been detected in cattle and water buffalo in south america, asia, and europe. to date, no isolations of hobi-like viruses from u.s. cattle have been reported. to assess ex ... | 2017 | 28074709 |
| emerging pestiviruses infecting domestic and wildlife hosts. | until the early 1990 s there were just three recognized species in the pestivirus genus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). subsequently bvdv were divided into two different species, bvdv1 and bvdv2 and four additional putative pestivirus species have been identified, based on phylogenetic analysis. the four putative pestivirus specices, listed in chronological order of published reports, are giraffe (isolated from one of severa ... | 2015 | 26050572 |
| efficacy of an antiviral compound to inhibit replication of multiple pestivirus species. | pestiviruses are economically important pathogens of livestock. an aromatic cationic compound (db772) has previously been shown to inhibit bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 in vitro at concentrations lacking cytotoxic side effects. the aim of this study was to determine the scope of antiviral activity of db772 among diverse pestiviruses. isolates of bvdv 2, border disease virus (bdv), hobi virus, pronghorn virus and bungowannah virus were tested for in vitro susceptibility to db772 by in ... | 2012 | 22985628 |
| construction of chimeric bovine viral diarrhea viruses containing glycoprotein e rns of heterologous pestiviruses and evaluation of the chimeras as potential marker vaccines against bvdv. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections are enzootic in the cattle population and continue to cause significant economic losses to the beef and dairy industries worldwide. extent of the damages has stimulated increasing interest in control programs directed at eradicating bvdv infections. use of a bvdv marker vaccine would facilitate eradication efforts as a negatively marked vaccine would enable differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva). we describe here the construction ... | 2012 | 22521286 |
| survey of colorado's wild ruminants for serologic titers to brucellosis and leptospirosis. | a 10-year survey for serologic titers to brucellosis and leptospirosis in mule deer ( odocoileus hemionus ), elk ( cervus canadensis ), and antelope ( antilocapra americana ) in colorado is summarized. over 10,000 blood samples were tested against brucella abortus and 4,747 samples were tested against leptospira pomona . a total of 1,761 blood samples were tested against l. canicola , l. grippotyphosa , l. hardjo , l. icterohemorrhagiae . all results were considered negative. | 1977 | 24228967 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in a small sample of experimentally infected pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | there is limited information on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in north american wildlife and none concerning pronghorn ( antilocapra americana ). in an experimental study of 13 pronghorn and six steers ( bos taurus ), we compared the susceptibility of pronghorn to fmd virus (fmdv) strain o, with that of cattle ( bos taurus ). we also determined the potential for intra- and interspecies transmission of fmdv strain o in pronghorn and cattle, assessed the applica ... | 2016 | 27525593 |
| genotypic and phenotypic evaluation for benzimidazole resistance or susceptibility in haemonchus contortus isolates. | haemonchus contortus isolates were evaluated for benzimidazole (bz) resistance or susceptibility by allele-specific pcr based on β-tubulin isotype 1 gene polymorphisms at the f167y, e198a, and f200y sites. two isolates, one presumed susceptible from wild pronghorn antelope (ph) and one known to be resistant from goats (vm), were also assayed phenotypically for bz resistance or susceptibility in the larval development assay (drenchrite®). the bz ec50 was 0.198 μm (intermediate between susceptible ... | 2017 | 28032300 |
| septicemic pasteurellosis in farmed elk (cervus canadensis) in alberta. | septicemic pasteurellosis is a bacterial disease of domestic and wild animals including bison, elk, and pronghorn antelope caused by pasteurella multocida. here we report 2 cases of septicemic pasteurellosis in farmed elk. pasteurella multocida serogroup b was isolated from multiple tissues in both animals. gene sequencing (16s ribosomal rna) and blast query confirmed that the sequence is 99% to 100% homologous to the p. multocida sequences in the database. | 2016 | 27587888 |
| seasonal foraging ecology of non-migratory cougars in a system with migrating prey. | we tested for seasonal differences in cougar (puma concolor) foraging behaviors in the southern yellowstone ecosystem, a multi-prey system in which ungulate prey migrate, and cougars do not. we recorded 411 winter prey and 239 summer prey killed by 28 female and 10 male cougars, and an additional 37 prey items by unmarked cougars. deer composed 42.4% of summer cougar diets but only 7.2% of winter diets. males and females, however, selected different proportions of different prey; male cougars se ... | 2013 | 24349498 |
| estimating sonoran pronghorn abundance and survival with fecal dna and capture-recapture methods. | population abundance estimates are important for management but can be challenging to determine in low-density, wide-ranging, and endangered species, such as sonoran pronghorn (antilocapra americana sonoriensis). the sonoran pronghorn population has been increasing; however, population estimates are currently derived from a biennial aerial count that does not provide survival or recruitment estimates. we identified individuals through noninvasively collected fecal dna and used robust-design capt ... | 2016 | 26918820 |
| influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn. | increased understanding of the influence of habitat (e.g., composition, patch size) and intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass) factors on survival of neonatal pronghorn (antilocapra americana) is a prerequisite to successful management programs, particularly as they relate to population dynamics and the role of population models in adaptive species management. nevertheless, few studies have presented empirical data quantifying the influence of habitat variables on survival of neonatal pronghorn. duri ... | 2015 | 26630484 |
| weather and prey predict mammals' visitation to water. | throughout many arid lands of africa, australia and the united states, wildlife agencies provide water year-round for increasing game populations and enhancing biodiversity, despite concerns that water provisioning may favor species more dependent on water, increase predation, and reduce biodiversity. in part, understanding the effects of water provisioning requires identifying why and when animals visit water. employing this information, by matching water provisioning with use by target species ... | 2015 | 26560518 |
| antipredator strategy of female goitered gazelles (gazella subgutturosa guld., 1780) with hiding fawn. | in ungulates, predation is often a major cause of infant mortality and likely plays an important role in shaping maternal care strategies that favor progeny survival. the anti-predator strategies of ungulates can be broadly categorized into two groups, hiding infants and following infants. we studied the maternal behavioral strategies of goitered gazelle, which is a typical representative of a hiding species. we found that shortly after birth, goitered gazelle mothers (1) stayed at the greatest ... | 2015 | 26232263 |
| reproductive activity in the peninsular pronghorn determined from excreted gonadal steroid metabolites. | fecal hormone monitoring was employed to better define annual patterns of reproductive steroid metabolites from a breeding pair of peninsular pronghorn (antilocapra americana peninsularis) maintained at the los angeles zoo. notably in the female, increased excretion of estrogen metabolites occurred during the breeding season (jun-aug), and a biphasic pattern in progestagen activity was measured during gestation. of additional interest, a preterm increase in estrogen that continued for an additio ... | 2015 | 25652944 |
| evaluating the interaction of faecal pellet deposition rates and dna degradation rates to optimize sampling design for dna-based mark-recapture analysis of sonoran pronghorn. | knowledge of population demographics is important for species management but can be challenging in low-density, wide-ranging species. population monitoring of the endangered sonoran pronghorn (antilocapra americana sonoriensis) is critical for assessing the success of recovery efforts, and noninvasive dna sampling (nds) could be more cost-effective and less intrusive than traditional methods. we evaluated faecal pellet deposition rates and faecal dna degradation rates to maximize sampling effici ... | 2015 | 25522240 |
| re-evaluating neonatal-age models for ungulates: does model choice affect survival estimates? | new-hoof growth is regarded as the most reliable metric for predicting age of newborn ungulates, but variation in estimated age among hoof-growth equations that have been developed may affect estimates of survival in staggered-entry models. we used known-age newborns to evaluate variation in age estimates among existing hoof-growth equations and to determine the consequences of that variation on survival estimates. during 2001-2009, we captured and radiocollared 174 newborn (≤24-hrs old) ungulat ... | 2014 | 25264612 |
| identifying impediments to long-distance mammal migrations. | in much of the world, the persistence of long-distance migrations by mammals is threatened by development. even where human population density is relatively low, there are roads, fencing, and energy development that present barriers to animal movement. if we are to conserve species that rely on long-distance migration, then it is critical that we identify existing migration impediments. to delineate stopover sites associated with anthropogenic development, we applied brownian bridge movement mod ... | 2015 | 25158993 |
| moving beyond science to protect a mammalian migration corridor. | as the discipline of conservation biology evolves and practitioners grow increasingly concerned about how to put results into achievable conservation, it is still unclear the extent to which science drives conservation outcomes, especially across rural landscapes. we addressed this issue by examining the role of science in the protection of a biological corridor. our focus is on a north american endemic mammal reliant on long distance migration as an adaptive strategy, the pronghorn (antilocapra ... | 2014 | 24962197 |