| testicular atrophy in columbian black-tailed deer in california. | during an 18-year period, 4.1% (34/831) of male deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) killed on a field station during the autumn hunting season had velvet-covered, often misshapen antlers, and at least two deer had testicular atrophy (gonads from most deer were not available for examination). testes from six similarly affected deer and several normal deer were compared histologically. lesions ranged from hypocellularity of the semeniferous tubules and relative hyperplasia or degeneration of in ... | 1975 | 163381 |
| serologic profile of exotic deer at point reyes national seashore. | serotests were conducted on axis (axis axis) and fallow (dama dama) deer at point reyes national seashore to determine their status with respect to nine diseases enzootic to the native black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) or to resident dairy cattle. in the exotic deer, the proportion of animals that were seropositive included: anaplasmosis, 35%; bluetongue, 48%; brucellosis, 0%; bovine viral diarrhea, 2%; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, 3%; leptospirosis, 7%; parainfluenza-3, ... | 1979 | 521370 |
| a redescription and neotype designation for parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (nematoda: metastronglyoidea). | parelaphostrongylus odocoilei is redescribed from worms collected from the type host (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in california, as well as material from experimentally infected mule deer (o. h. heminus) in alberta. a single male specimen from the california material is designated as the neotype of p. odocoilei, the type species of parelaphostrongylus. the male copulatory structures of the 3 species of parelaphostrongylus (p. tenuis, p. anderscni, and p. odocoilei) are reviewed and a key fo ... | 1978 | 641663 |
| meningeal worm-induced neurologic disease in black-tailed deer. | neurologic disease attributable to parelaphostrongylus tenuis was diagnosed in five black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) relocated from oregon to tennessee. mortality occurred in the pre-release enclosure and in the release area. infection with p. tenuis was considered the cause of an unsuccessful stocking attempt. in addition, neurologic disease was produced by experimental infection of a black-tailed x white-tailed deer hybrid. clinical and pathologic findings were described for ... | 1977 | 864846 |
| further studies on trypanosomers in game animals in wyoming. | blood samples were collected from captive and free-ranging elk (cervus canadensis), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer, (odocoileus virginianus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana), moose (alces alces), and bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) for cultural evidence of trypanosoma sp. infection. eleven of 188 (12%) hunter-killed elk, 22 of 37 (59%) free-ranging elk, and 79 of 119 (66%) captive elk were culture positive in 1973-74. par ... | 1976 | 933315 |
| transfer of bovicola tibialis (piaget) mallophaga: trichodectidae) from the introduced fallow deer to the columbian black-tailed deer in california. | | 1976 | 978690 |
| experimentally induced fasciola hepatica infections in black-tailed deer. | the susceptibility of black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) to the common liver fluke (f. hepatica) was studied. two deer and one sheep comprised each of three experimental groups. animals in each group were inoculated individually with 250, 500, or 1000 f. hepatica metacercariae. one deer and one sheep given 1000 metacercariae died with lesions consistent with black disease 7 weeks after inoculation. at necropsy 6 or 15 weeks postinoculation, the mean percentage recovery of the in ... | 1975 | 1142555 |
| serum biochemical and electrophoretic values from four deer species and from pronghorn antelope. | serums from 4 species of deer and 1 species of antelope were analyzed for various components in order to define an animal disease model for sickle cell disease in people. animal species included black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), sika deer (cervus nippon nippon), fallow deer (dama dama), and pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana). the mean serum values for total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and electrolytes w ... | 1975 | 1190586 |
| fluorosis in black-tailed deer. | marked dental disfigurement and abnormal tooth wear patterns were observed in black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) taken from an area near an industrial fluoride source in northwestern washington. fluoride levels in the bones of these deer were from 10 to 35 times higher than levels in the bones of normal animals. these levels are similar to those associated with fluorosis of cattle. | 1976 | 1255910 |
| experimental bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infection in california black-tailed deer. | four adult black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemioneus columbianus) and five fawns were inoculated with bluetongue virus (btv) and one adult deer was inoculated with epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) virus to produce clinical signs and lesions of hemorrhagic disease. serologic response was monitored using the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa). embryonating chicken eggs and vero cells were used to detect viremia. no animal exhibited ... | 1992 | 1335522 |
| serologic survey for brucellosis in feral swine, wild ruminants, and black bear of california, 1977 to 1989. | a retrospective analysis of brucellosis serologic testing results in eight wildlife species in california from 1977 to 1989 was done. samples were collected from 5,398 live-captured or hunter-killed animals and tested by combinations of up to six serologic tests for antibodies to brucella spp. twenty-three of 611 (3.8%) feral swine (sus scrofa), one of 180 (0.6%) black bear (ursus americanus), one of 355 (0.3%) california mule deer (odocoileus hemionus californicus), and one of 1,613 (0.06%) bla ... | 1992 | 1512866 |
| topographic distribution of scrapie amyloid-immunoreactive plaques in chronic wasting disease in captive mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus). | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive neurological disorder of captive mule deer, black-tailed deer, hybrids of mule deer and white-tailed deer and rocky mountain elk, is characterized neuropathologically by widespread spongiform change of the neuropil, intracytoplasmic vacuolation in neuronal perikarya and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. we report the topographic distribution of amyloid plaques reactive to antibodies prepared against scrapie amyloid in cwd-affected captive mule d ... | 1991 | 1713390 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against california and bunyamwera serogroup viruses in deer from mountainous areas of california. | plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization was used to evaluate the status of bunyavirus activity in deer in mountainous areas of california. antibodies against 9 bunyaviruses were measured in 337 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus, o. hemionus californicus, and o. hemionus inyoensis) and black-tailed deer (o. hemionus columbianus). more deer from high mountainous areas had neutralizing antibodies against jamestown canyon virus than did deer from low mountainous areas (23% vs. 9%; p les ... | 1989 | 2496610 |
| susceptibility of a fetal tongue cell line derived from bighorn sheep to five serotypes of bluetongue virus and its potential for the isolation of viruses. | a cell line (bhfte) was derived from a tongue explant of a bighorn sheep fetus (ovis canadensis nelsoni). the cells have been maintained through 23 serial passages, and the modal number of chromosomes was calculated to be 55. monolayer cultures were shown to be susceptible to various viruses, including bluetongue virus (btv). of 5 btv serotypes (2, 10, 11, 13, and 17) tested, each produced a cytopathic effect (cpe) on initial passage at 33 c. a field isolate (serotype 10) of btv from a black-tai ... | 1989 | 2562198 |
| xenobiotic biotransformation in livers and lungs of adult black-tailed deer: comparison with domestic goat and sheep. | 1. the capacity of liver and lung tissue of black-tailed dear (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) to biotransform xenobiotics was compared in vitro to the domestic sheep and goat. donor animals were all females of varying ages. tissues from the black-tailed deer were collected in the wild. a variety of biotransformation enzymes were measured in both microsomal and cytosolic fractions. 2. deer liver was lower in total cytochrome p450 concentration, but mono-oxygenase activities were greater compare ... | 1987 | 2890476 |
| epidemiology of two orbiviruses in california's native wild ruminants: preliminary report. | between 1978 and 1983 we collected more than 1,500 serum samples from california's native black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), 4 races of mule deer (o. h. sp.), tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes), roosevelt elk (c. e. roosevelti), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), california bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis californiana), peninsular bighorn sheep (o. c. cremnobates) and desert bighorn sheep (o. c. nelsoni) and analyzed them for agar gel precipitating (agp) antibodies to b ... | 1985 | 2989899 |
| spirochetes in mammals and ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of lyme borreliosis in california. | in northern california, antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were detected in 58 of 73 (79%), and spirochetemias in one of 26 (4%) black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus californicus), by indirect and direct immunofluorescence, respectively. five species of ticks (dermacentor occidentalis, d. parumapertus, ixodes neotomae, i. pacificus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris) were collected from rabbits. two of these species of ticks were found to contain spirochetes; two of 10 (20%) i. neotomae ... | 1988 | 3280837 |
| potential role of native and exotic deer and their associated ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the ecology of lyme disease in california, usa. | the relationship of native columbian black-tailed deer, two species of exotic deer (axis and fallow), and their ticks to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was studied in coastal and inland areas of northern california, usa. spirochetemias were detected in 27% of black-tailed deer, 50% of axis deer, and 56% of fallow deer collected in late fall and winter. antibody prevalence was 38% in black-tailed deer, 24% in fallow deer, and 6% in axis deer. one to 3 tick species were collect ... | 1986 | 3554845 |
| serological evidence of california serogroup virus activity in oregon. | we wished to demonstrate evidence of the presence of california serogroup viruses in oregon and to test for the presence of certain other arboviruses in large ungulates. blood samples from black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), mule deer (o. hemionus hemionus), and roosevelt elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti) from nine counties in oregon were tested by serum-dilution plaque reduction neutralization for antibody to california serogroup viruses, including snowshoe hare, california encep ... | 1987 | 3586196 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in a free-ranging black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in california. | | 1985 | 4039765 |
| ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae): population dynamics and distribution on columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | | 1985 | 4045944 |
| treatment and control of dictyocaulus viviparus in captive black-tailed deer. | | 1973 | 4266546 |
| susceptibility of cattle to an isolate of dictyocaulus viviparus from black-tailed deer. | | 1973 | 4266547 |
| prevalence of eyeworm in three populations of columbian black-tailed deer in northwestern oregon. | | 1974 | 4474385 |
| nematodirus odocoilei sp. n. (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) from the black-tailed deer, odocoileus hemionus, in north america. | | 1967 | 6067113 |
| anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. | anaplasma marginale can be transmitted, will grow and can survive in a large number of domestic and wild animals. it is pathogenic in cattle, and usually produces nonapparent or mild infections in other species. anaplasma marginale has been recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana americana), rocky ... | 1984 | 6716555 |
| survey for evidence of colorado tick fever virus outside of the known endemic area in california. | a virus very similar or identical to colorado tick fever (ctf) virus was recovered from the blood clot of one of 104 black-tailed jack rabbits (lepus californicus) examined during a survey for various zoonotic agents in mammals and ticks from the university of california, hopland field station, mendocino county, california, 1974--79. this is the first reported isolation of a ctf-like virus from l. californicus, and only the second time such a virus has been found in northwestern california. mend ... | 1982 | 7102919 |
| chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer: a spongiform encephalopathy. | in the past 12 years (1967-79) a syndrome we identify as chronic wasting disease has been observed in 53 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and one black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) held in captivity in several wildlife facilities in colorado and more recently in wyoming. clinical signs were seen in adult deer and included behavioral alterations, progressive weight loss and death in 2 weeks to 8 months. gross necropsy findings included emaciation and excess rumen fluid ad ... | 1980 | 7373730 |
| (e)-3-tridecen-2-one, an antibiotic from the interdigital glands of black-tailed deer odocoileus hemionus columbianus. | (e)-3-tridecen-2-one, the major volatile component of interdigital gland extracts from the black-tailed deer, odocoileus hemionus columbianus, inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria and fungi. the bacteria, propionibacterium acnes, and the fungi, trichophyton mentagrophytes had a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 12.5 micrograms/ml and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively. | 1995 | 7729504 |
| experimental infection of columbian black-tailed deer with the lyme disease spirochete. | the course of borrelia burgdorferi-infection in columbian black-tailed deer. (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), its effect on the health of these animals, and their reservoir competence for fleas were evaluated experimentally. four yearling females inoculated intramuscularly with 10(8) organisms of the ca4 strain of b. burgdorferi, and two yearling males unexposed to spirochetes, were monitored daily for 3 mo. spirochetes were reisolated from the blood of three does at 14 or 70 days postinjectio ... | 1994 | 8151819 |
| antibody prevalence of eight ruminant infectious diseases in california mule and black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus). | we tested 276 sera from 18 free-ranging black-tailed and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) herds in california (usa) collected from 1987 to 1991 in five biogeographical habitat types, for antibodies against eight infectious disease agents. overall antibody prevalence was 56% for anaplasma marginale, 31% for borrelia burgdorferi, 16% for bluetongue virus serotype 17, 15% for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, 7% for coxiella burnetii and toxoplasma gondii, respectively, and 0% for bovine leukosis ... | 1994 | 8151824 |
| serologic detection of bluetongue virus infection of black-tailed deer: comparison of serum neutralization, agar gel immunodiffusion, and competitive elisa assays. | three adult black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and four fawns were inoculated with bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10 or 17, or epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 1. animals were bled at irregular intervals thereafter and the presence of virus-specific antibodies in serum determined by agar gel immunodiffusion (agid), serum neutralization (sn) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) tests. serum antibodies to btv were detected in all three te ... | 1994 | 8151833 |
| forensic identification of ungulate species using restriction digests of pcr-amplified mitochondrial dna. | a survey of mitochondrial d-loop variation in 15 species of ungulates was conducted via amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. this survey included moose (alces alces), caribou (rangifer tarandus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (o. h. columbianus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), waipiti (cervus elaphus), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), stone's she ... | 1995 | 8522926 |
| systemic adenovirus infection associated with high mortality in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california. | seventeen counties in northern california experienced epizootics of high mortality in the mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) population during the latter half of 1993. thirteen deer submitted to the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system as part of this natural die-off had systemic adenovirus infection. pulmonary edema was present in all 13 deer. erosions, ulceration, and abscessation of the upper alimentary tract occurred in 7/13 deer. four of 13 deer had hemorrhagic enteritis. all 13 ... | 1996 | 8801705 |
| prevalence of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever virus in wild and domestic ruminants by competitive-inhibition elisa. | a competitive-inhibition elisa (ci-elisa), based on a monoclonal antibody to an epitope conserved among malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) strains of both wildebeest and sheep origin, was used to determine the prevalence of antibody to mcfv in selected domestic and wild ruminants, both free-ranging and captive, from the usa. we evaluated 2528 sera from 14 species between 1990 and 1995, including 80 pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), 339 bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), 103 biston (b ... | 1996 | 8827669 |
| isolation of a poxvirus from a black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | a poxvirus was isolated during the latter half of 1993 from a black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) that died of fulminant adenovirus infection in california (usa). the poxvirus was isolated from a pooled tissue homogenate, after repeated serial blind passages in primary black-tailed deer testicular cells. based on electron microscopic examination of the virus, we observed morphologic features typical of the genus orthopoxvirus, although definitive characterization was not done. | 1996 | 8827682 |
| ehrlichia spp. in cervids from california. | blood samples from six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 15 black-tailed deer (o. hemionus columbianus), and 29 elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were assayed for human monocytic and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), dna sequencing, and serology to determine whether or not cervids are involved in the maintenance of these potential human pathogens in california (usa). the deer were sampled in august to october 1992-95. the 29 tule elk from point reyes n ... | 1998 | 9813842 |
| phylogeny of wapiti, red deer, sika deer, and other north american cervids as determined from mitochondrial dna. | red deer (cervus elaphus) are divided into three subspecific groups; the first group includes seven subspecies from europe and northern africa, the second group includes seven subspecies from central asia, and the third group includes nine subspecies from eastern asia, siberia, and north america. recognition of the north american wapiti as a species has been denied on the basis of morphological similarity with red deer and the circumpolar distribution of c. elaphus. sika deer (c. nippon), which ... | 1998 | 9878235 |
| lesions and transmission of experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in black-tailed deer fawns. | adenovirus infection was the cause of an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease that is believed to have killed thousands of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california during the latter half of 1993. a systemic vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy or a localized vasculitis associated with necrotizing stomatitis/pharyngitis/glossitis or osteomyelitis of the jaw were common necropsy findings in animals that died during this epizootic. to study transmission of adenovirus infecti ... | 1999 | 10098637 |
| improved immunofluorescence assay for detection of giardia and cryptosporidium from asymptomatic adult cervine animals. | we tested an improved immunofluorescence assay (ifa) in detecting giardia and cryptosporidium from feces of asymptomatic adult cervine animals. samples were concentrated by sucrose flotation before being stained by fluorescent monoclonal antibody and examined microscopically. the detection limit was determined as 500 g. intestinalis cysts or 200 c. parvum oocysts/g of sample. among the 82 samples collected from adult fallow deer, columbian black-tailed deer, and tule elk in northern california, ... | 1999 | 10431741 |
| ixodid ticks (acari, ixodidae) found in san diego county, california. | in san diego county, california, 11 species of ixodid ticks were collected from vegetation and/or from small and large mammals, and/or found parasitizing humans. adults of the pacific coast tick, dermacentor occidentalis, were the most abundant tick collected from vegetation, with peak numbers occurring during march and april. adults of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, were the second most abundant, with peaks occurring during february and march. eight species of ticks were found ... | 1999 | 10436879 |
| the adenovirus that causes hemorrhagic disease of black-tailed deer is closely related to bovine adenovirus-3. | dna sequence data was obtained from an adenovirus previously shown to be the cause of a distinctive, fatal hemorrhagic disease of black-tailed deer in california. a 256 base fragment of the viral hexon gene was amplified by pcr from purified adenovirus preparations. the amplicon then was cloned and sequenced. phylogenetic relationships with other mammalian adenoviruses were also determined. although sequence analysis of this portion of the hexon gene indicates that the black-tailed deer adenovir ... | 1999 | 10470262 |
| serologic detection of adenoviral hemorrhagic disease in black-tailed deer in california. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a serum neutralization (sn) test were developed to measure serum antibodies against the adenovirus causing hemorrhagic disease in free-ranging and captive experimentally-infected black-tailed deer (odocoilenus hemionus columbianus) in california (usa). there was a strong (rho = 0.874) and significant (p < 0.0001) correlation between elisa and sn titers, although the sn assay was more sensitive than the elisa. | 2000 | 10813622 |
| fatal pulmonary edema in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) associated with adenovirus infection. | sporadic sudden deaths in adult white-tailed deer occurred from november 1997 through august 1998 on an iowa game farm. three of the 4 deer necropsied had severe pulmonary edema, widespread mild lymphocytic vasculitis, and amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in scattered endothelial cells in blood vessels in the lung and abdominal viscera. immunohistochemistry with bovine adenovirus 5 antisera and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated adenoviral antigen and nucleocapsids, respectiv ... | 2000 | 10907872 |
| characterization of a new adenovirus isolated from black-tailed deer in california. | an adenovirus associated with systemic and localized vascular damage was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in a newly recognized epizootic hemorrhagic disease in california black-tailed deer. in this study, we describe the cultural, physicochemical and serological characteristics of a virus isolated from lung using neonatal white-tail deer lung and turbinate cell cultures. the virus had the cultural, morphological and physicochemical characteristics of mem ... | 2001 | 11504424 |
| characterization of equine e-selectin. | expression of e-selectin on activated endothelium is a critical initial step that leads to extravasation of leucocytes during inflammation, yet e-selectin is largely uncharacterized in several animal species including the horse. we have sequenced and compared e-selectin genes derived from activated cultures of purified equine (horse), cervid (black-tailed deer) and ovine (sheep) pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ecs). phylogenetic and amino acid sequence comparisons indicate that bovine, cervi ... | 2001 | 11529941 |
| larviposition by nasopharyngeal bot fly parasites of columbian black-tailed deer: a correction. | previous reports of cephenemyia jellisoni townsend (diptera: oestridae) larvipositing onto the lips/lower muzzle of deer, with larvae invading via the mouth, are shown to be erroneous. additional studies with deer models baited with co2, 1-octen-3-ol and deer trail scent, and muzzle and nostrils treated with insect adhesive, revealed that only c. apicata bennett & sabrosky larviposited onto the lips/lower muzzle; c. jellisoni, by contrast, larviposited into the nostrils. larval depositions were ... | 2001 | 11776463 |
| adenoviral infection in captive moose (alces alces) in canada. | adenoviral infection was associated with hemorrhagic enteritis, serosal hemorrhages, and severe pulmonary edema in six captive moose (alces alces) in toronto, ontario, canada: an adult female moose and three calves in 1985 and two calves in 1998. adenoviral disease was suspected based on histological findings of systemic vasculitis and widespread thrombosis associated with amphophilic intranuclear inclusions in endothelial cells. diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using antiserum to ... | 2002 | 12216797 |
| serum antibody prevalence of malignant catarrhal fever viruses in seven wildlife species from alaska. | blood samples were collected from seven species of free-ranging ungulates in alaska. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to malignant catarrhal fever viruses (mcfv) by means of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibody prevalences were as follows: muskox (ovibos moschatus) 100 positive samples of 104 tested (96%); dall sheep (ovis dalli) 212 of 222 (95%); elk (cervus elaphus) 14 of 51 (27%); bison (bison bison) 34 of 197 (17%); caribou (rangifer tarandus) nine of 232 (4%); ... | 2002 | 12238366 |
| isolation and identification of a novel satellite dna family highly conserved in several cervidae species. | in an attempt to amplify cervid satellite ii dna from the genomes of indian muntjac and chinese muntjac, a pair of primers derived from the white tailed deer satellite ii dna clone (ovdii) yielded a prominent approximately 1 kb polymerase chain reaction (pcr) product (in addition to the expected 0.7 kb satellite ii dna fragments) in both species. the approximately 1 kb products were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed by southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). this revealed ... | 2002 | 12355207 |
| monoterpene effect on feeding choice by deer. | a previous study showed that sitka black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) consumption was negatively correlated with monoterpene content in western redcedar (thuja plicata). to test whether these monoterpenes were deterrent to sitka black-tailed deer, we performed feeding choice experiments with four hydrocarbon (sabinene, myrcene, alpha-pinene, and d + l-limonene) and one oxygenated (alpha,beta-thujone) monoterpene solution at their highest natural concentration in western redcedar f ... | 2002 | 12564790 |
| replication of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in pulmonary artery endothelial cells obtained from cattle, sheep, and deer. | to compare replication of bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ecs) obtained from juvenile cattle, sheep, white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus), and black-tailed deer (btd; o hemionus columbianus). | 2003 | 12856770 |
| evaluation of ivermectin for treatment of hair loss syndrome in black-tailed deer. | since 1997, numerous columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in western washington (usa) have developed a hair loss syndrome that often preceded emaciation, debilitation, pneumonia, and death. to study this syndrome, eight affected free-ranging columbian black-tailed deer fawns were captured from western washington in february 1999 to determine the effect of ivermectin treatment. fecal examinations indicated that the internal parasites were dictyocaulus viviparus, parelapho ... | 2004 | 15465710 |
| columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) as hosts for borrelia spp. in northern california. | the prevalence of infection of columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) with borrelia spp. was evaluated in an area of northwestern california (usa) where lyme disease is endemic and the relapsing-fever group spirochete borrelia coriaceae is enzootic, and in a far-removed comparison area having a disparate climate and lower density of vector ticks. blood samples collected from both deer herds in 1987, 1988, and from 2000-02 were assayed for borrelial infection with microscop ... | 2005 | 15827217 |
| geographic distribution of the muscle-dwelling nematode parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in north america, using molecular identification of first-stage larvae. | molecular identification of dorsal-spined larvae (dsl) from fecal samples indicates that the protostrongylid parasite parelaphostrongylus odocoilei occupies a broader geographic range in western north america than has been previously reported. we analyzed 2,124 fecal samples at 29 locations from thinhorn sheep (ovis dalli dalli and o. d. stonei), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis and o. c. californiana), mountain goats (oreamnos americanus), woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), ... | 2005 | 16108550 |
| the chafer pheromone buibuilactone and ant pyrazines are also produced by marine bacteria. | headspace extracts obtained from agar plate cultures of two marine bacteria from the north sea (germany), loktanella strain bio-204 and dinoroseobacter shibae strain dfl-27, were analyzed by gc-ms. several gamma-lactones and one delta-lactone were identified, besides pyrazines and some sulfur compounds. the absolute configuration of the major lactone (r,z)-dodec-5-en-4-olide, known as buibuilactone, a pheromone of several scarab beetles, was determined by a new catalytic enantioselective synthes ... | 2005 | 16124260 |
| a novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants. | in the course of investigating the malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) subgroup of rhadinoviruses, seven novel rhadinoviruses were identified in a variety of ruminants, including domestic sheep, bighorn sheep, bison, black-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk and addax. based on the dna polymerase gene sequences, these newly recognized viruses clustered into a second distinct subgroup in ruminants with three members identified previously in cattle, goats and oryx. phylogenetic analysis revealed ... | 2005 | 16227223 |
| the modified card agglutination test: an accurate tool for detecting anaplasmosis in columbian black-tailed deer. | inoculation of susceptible calves confirmed that the modified card agglutination test accurately detected the anaplasmosis infection status of each of 35 columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). anaplasma marginale, and specific antibodies, were demonstrated only in calves which received blood from deer that were positive by the card test. the modified card agglutination testing of deer serum was performed in the manner recommended for testing cattle serum with bovine-origi ... | 1976 | 16498890 |
| parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in columbian black-tailed deer from oregon. | documenting the occurrence of parelaphostrongylus odocoilei has historically relied on the morphological examination of adult worms collected from the skeletal muscle of definitive hosts, including deer. recent advances in the knowledge of protostrongylid genetic sequences now permit larvae to be identified. dorsal-spined larvae (dsls) collected in 2003-2004 from the lung and feces of six columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from oregon were characterized genetically. th ... | 2006 | 17092883 |
| retrospective investigation of chronic wasting disease of cervids at the toronto zoo, 1973-2003. | the occurrence of chronic wasting disease (cwd) at the toronto zoo was investigated retrospectively, based on an examination of management, animal health, and postmortem records, and immunohistochemical studies. records of animal movements, clinical signs, and postmortem findings were examined for all cervids 1973-2003. all available samples of fixed, wax-embedded lymphoid or central nervous system tissue from cervids that died at the toronto zoo from 1973 to 2003, > 12 months of age, were teste ... | 2006 | 17217088 |
| mycobacteriosis in a black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) caused by mycobacterium kansasii. | an eviscerated hunter-harvested female black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) was submitted to the washington department of fish and wildlife. the deer was emaciated, devoid of adipose tissue, and the parietal surface of the thoracic cavity contained multiple granulomas. acid-fast bacteria were detected histologically from the granulomas and were isolated and identified as mycobacterium kansasii, a nontuberculous mycobacterium sporadically reported to cause tuberculosis-like disease ... | 2005 | 17315467 |
| demodicosis in a mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) from saskatchewan, canada. | infestation of deer with demodex spp. mites has been described in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and in columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in north america, as well as in four species of deer in europe. we describe demodex sp. infestation in an adult female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) with skin lesions found dead near saskatoon, saskatchewan, canada. this is believed to be the first report of demodicosis in mule deer. | 2007 | 17984276 |
| validation of an anaplasma marginale celisa for use in the diagnosis of a. ovis infections in domestic sheep and anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates. | a commercially available (celisa) kit for diagnosing anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was validated for diagnosing a ovis infection in sheep using the bovine serum controls as supplied by the manufacturer (bcelisa) and sheep serum controls from pathogen-free sheep (ocelisa). true positives were identified using two previously established assays, a nested pcr (npcr) test and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa). the bcelisa was also applied to sera from various species of wild ruminan ... | 2008 | 18272296 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus). | deer are considered important intermediate hosts for the coccidian parasites, toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum. antibodies to n. caninum and t. gondii were determined in sera of 42 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and 43 black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from washington state, usa, using direct agglutination test with specific antigens. a titer of 1:25 was considered diagnostic for both parasites. n. caninum antibodies were found in 7 of 42 mule deer and 8 of 43 b ... | 2008 | 18650016 |
| identification of parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (nematoda: protostrongylidae) first-stage larvae in the feces of gray wolves (canis lupus) by molecular methods. | first-stage nematode larvae with a dorsal-spine (dsl) were detected in five of 1,565 fecal samples from gray wolves (canis lupus) collected in british columbia, canada, between 2005 and 2008. molecular techniques were used to identify the dsl because it was not possible to determine their species identity using morphologic characters. the dsl were identified as parelaphostrongylus odocoilei based on the results of single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analyses and dna sequencing of the ... | 2010 | 20090048 |
| antimicrobial activity of long-chain (e)-3-alken-2-ones. | (e)-3-tridecen-2-one, a compound identified from the interdigital glands of black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. homologues of (e)-3-tridecen-2-one were prepared and screened for antimicrobial activity. for the fungus, trichophyton mentagrophytes, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of (e)-3-tetradecen-2-one was 12.5 microg/ml, and for the bacteria, propionibacterium acnes, the mic of (e)-3-heptadecen-2-one was 3. ... | 2010 | 20185306 |
| neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in alaska wildlife. | free-ranging caribou and moose populations in some regions of alaska undergo periodic declines in numbers. caribou and moose are managed by the state as valuable resources for not only sustenance and subsistence, but also for cultural heritage. incidence and prevalence of diseases that may impact herd health and recruitment from year to year are relevant to management decisions aimed to protect the long-term viability of these herds. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are two apicomplexan pa ... | 2010 | 20688628 |
| effects of an invasive forest pathogen on abundance of ticks and their vertebrate hosts in a california lyme disease focus. | invasive species, including pathogens, can have important effects on local ecosystems, including indirect consequences on native species. this study focuses on the effects of an invasive plant pathogen on a vertebrate community and ixodes pacificus, the vector of the lyme disease pathogen (borrelia burgdorferi) in california. phytophthora ramorum, the causative agent of sudden oak death, is a non-native pathogen killing trees in california and oregon. we conducted a multi-year study using a grad ... | 2010 | 20941513 |
| bovicola tibialis (phthiraptera:trichodectidae): occurrence of an exotic chewing louse on cervids in north america. | through a recent (2003-2007) survey of ectoparasites on hoofed mammals in western north america, a literature review, and examination of archived museum specimens, we found that the exotic deer-chewing louse, bovicola tibialis (piaget), is a long-term, widespread resident in the region. the earliest known collection was from salt spring island, canada, in 1941. we found these lice on the typical host, that is, introduced european fallow deer (dama dama l.), and on asian chital (axis axis [erxleb ... | 2011 | 21337942 |
| corrected misidentification of first instars of the bot flies cephenemyia apicata and c. jellisoni, with a review of the biology and life history of both species. | first instars obtained from the uteri of host-seeking females, and compared with previously published descriptions of larvae collected from columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), revealed that larvae described as cephenemyia apicata bennett & sabrosky (diptera: oestridae) actually are c. jellisoni townsend. several new characters are added to supplement the original descriptions of the first instars of these species. collections of all larvae from deer autopsied during di ... | 2011 | 22168389 |
| reproduction in a wild black-tailed deer fawn. | | 2015 | 4705266 |
| an investigation into the possibility of tansy ragwort poisoning of black-tailed deer. | | 2015 | 4826121 |
| trophic facilitation or limitation? comparative effects of pumas and black bears on the scavenger community. | scavenging is a widespread behaviour and an important process influencing food webs and ecological communities. large carnivores facilitate the movement of energy across trophic levels through the scavenging and decomposition of their killed prey, but competition with large carnivores is also likely to constrain acquisition of carrion by scavengers. we used an experimental approach based on motion-triggered video cameras at black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) carcasses to measure ... | 2014 | 25010629 |
| identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in deer (odocoileus spp.) using the bovinesnp50 beadchip. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are growing in popularity as a genetic marker for investigating evolutionary processes. a panel of snps is often developed by comparing large quantities of dna sequence data across multiple individuals to identify polymorphic sites. for non-model species, this is particularly difficult, as performing the necessary large-scale genomic sequencing often exceeds the resources available for the project. in this study, we trial the bovine snp50 beadchip developed ... | 2012 | 22590559 |
| diversity of rickettsial pathogens in columbian black-tailed deer and their associated keds (diptera: hippoboscidae) and ticks (acari: ixodidae). | cervids host multiple species of ixodid ticks, other ectoparasites, and a variety of rickettsiae. however, diagnostic test cross-reactivity has precluded understanding the specific role of deer in rickettsial ecology. in our survey of 128 columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus (richardson)) and their arthropod parasites from two northern californian herds, combined with reports from the literature, we identified four distinct anaplasma spp. and one ehrlichia species. two ke ... | 2016 | 27232123 |
| volatile ketones from interdigital glands of black-tailed deer,odocileus hemionus columbianus. | three volatile ketones, 2-tridecanone, (e)-3-tridecen-2-one and (e)-4-tridecen-2-one were identified in interdigital gland extracts from black-tailed deer,odocoileus hemionus columbianus. the major compound, (e)-3-tridecen-2-one, inhibited the growth of several species of fungi and grampositive bacteria. the bacterium,propionibacterium acnes, and the fungus,trichophyton mentagrophytes required a minimum concentration (mic) of 12.5 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml, respectively, for inhibition, (e)-3-tridecen- ... | 1995 | 24233672 |
| candidate adaptive genes associated with lineage divergence: identifying snps via next-generation targeted resequencing in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) are an excellent nonmodel species for empirically testing hypotheses in landscape and population genomics due to their large population sizes (low genetic drift), relatively continuous distribution, diversity of occupied habitats and phenotypic variation. because few genomic resources are currently available for this species, we used exon data from a cattle (bos taurus) reference genome to direct targeted resequencing of 5935 genes in mule deer. we sequenced appro ... | 2016 | 27438092 |
| innate threat-sensitive foraging: black-tailed deer remain more fearful of wolf than of the less dangerous black bear even after 100 years of wolf absence. | anti-predator behaviors often entail foraging costs, and thus prey response to predator cues should be adjusted to the level of risk (threat-sensitive foraging). simultaneously dangerous predators (with high hunting success) should engender the evolution of innate predator recognition and appropriate anti-predator behaviors that are effective even upon the first encounter with the predator. the above leads to the prediction that prey might respond more strongly to cues of dangerous predators tha ... | 2014 | 24288079 |
| assessment of anadromous salmon resources in the diet of the alexander archipelago wolf using stable isotope analysis. | the alexander archipelago wolf (canis lupus ligoni) is unique to southeast alaska, occurring on islands south of frederick sound and along the mainland between dixon entrance and yakutat bay. sitka black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) are an important prey species for wolves across the southern part of the region. spawning salmon (onchorynchus sp.) are seasonally available but their presence in wolf diets has not previously been quantified. we examined the range of bone collagen δ(1 ... | 1999 | 28308010 |
| serosurvey for antibody to deerpox virus in five cervid species in oregon, usa. | five cervid species in oregon, usa were tested with a serum neutralization assay for antibody to deerpox virus (dpv). none of the 50 elk (cervus elaphus ssp. roosevelti and nelsonii) had detectable antibody. prevalence of antibody to dpv in the remaining species was: 52% (n=55) in black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), 32% (n= 59) in mule deer (o. hemionus hemionus), and 36% (n=50) in columbian white-tailed deer (o. virginianus leucurus), with an overall antibody prevalence of 40.2 ... | 2013 | 23307387 |
| exotic pediculosis and hair-loss syndrome in deer (odocoileus hemionus) populations in california. | infestation with nonnative, "exotic" lice was first noted in washington black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in 1994 and has since then spread throughout the western united states. in california, infestation with the exotic louse damalinia (cervicola) sp. was first detected in black-tailed deer from northern california in 2004, and, in 2009, the exotic louse species bovicola tibialis and linognathus africanus were identified on mule deer (odocoileus hemionus californicus) in centr ... | 2016 | 27240567 |
| sarcocystis mehlhorni, n. sp. (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) from the black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | infection with sarcocystis is common in many species of wild cervids but none is reported from the black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). here, we report sarcocystis infection in two black-tailed deer from northwest usa for the first time. sarcocysts were microscopic, up to 556 μm long and mature. the sarcocyst wall was up to 1.39 μm thick and had rectangular 1.17-μm-long villar protrusions, type 17, with thin (230 nm) electron dense ground substance layer. molecular characterizati ... | 2015 | 26346449 |
| hair-loss syndrome in black-tailed deer of the pacific northwest. | a widespread hair-loss syndrome (hls) has affected columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in western oregon and washington (usa) since 1996. in order to better characterize the condition, 21 hls-affected black-tailed deer (btd) were necropsied, and body condition, parasite burdens, and significant lesions were noted. all deer were in poor body condition, and at least 17 had severe internal parasite burdens. a consistent finding was the presence of large numbers of chewing ... | 2004 | 15650084 |
| experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer fawns. | infection with a newly described endotheliotropic adenovirus was the cause of a 1993 epizootic reminiscent of hemorrhagic disease in california mule deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus and o. hemionus hemionus). pulmonary edema and intestinal luminal hemorrhage, or necrotizing stomatitis associated with systemic or localized vasculitis, respectively, were common lesions seen in animals that died during the epizootic. in order to determine if white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) also are ... | 2001 | 11272490 |
| whole-genome sequences of odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus isolates from deer, moose and elk are highly conserved and support a new species in the genus atadenovirus. | we present the first complete genome sequence of odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus 1 (odadv-1). this virus can cause sporadic haemorrhagic disease in cervids, although epizootics with high mortality have occurred in california. odadv-1 has been placed in the genus atadenovirus, based on partial hexon, pviii and fibre genes. ten field isolates recovered from naturally infected mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginiana) and moose (alces alces) from wyoming, black- ... | 2017 | 28809152 |
| hybrid swarm between divergent lineages of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | studies of hybrid zones have revealed an array of evolutionary outcomes, yet the underlying structure is typically characterized as one of three types: a hybrid zone, a hybrid swarm or a hybrid taxon. our primary objective was to determine which of these three structures best characterizes a zone of hybridization between two divergent lineages of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), mule deer and black-tailed deer. these lineages are morphologically, ecologically and genetically distinct, yet hybrid ... | 2011 | 22066874 |
| tolazoline-induced apnea in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | eighteen mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and six columbia black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) were held in pens and repeatedly anesthetized from april 2004 through june 2005 as part of an external parasite study. deer were anesthetized using a combination of telazol and xylazine hydrochloride (hcl) administered intramuscularly. tolazoline hcl was slowly administered at 4 mg/kg intravenously to reverse the effects of xylazine with good results. for 17 of the 19 mule deer anesthesi ... | 2011 | 22946377 |
| species-wide phylogeography of north american mule deer (odocoileus hemionus): cryptic glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization. | quaternary climatic oscillations greatly influenced the present-day population genetic structure of animals and plants. for species with high dispersal and reproductive potential, phylogeographic patterns resulting from historical processes can be cryptic, overshadowed by contemporary processes. here we report a study of the phylogeography of odocoileus hemionus, a large, vagile ungulate common throughout western north america. we examined sequence variation of mitochondrial dna (control region ... | 2009 | 19302464 |
| introgressive hybridization and nonconcordant evolutionary history of maternal and paternal lineages in north american deer. | introgressive hybridization between mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (o. virginianus) was studied using sequence analysis of the paternally inherited, y-linked, zfy gene. the distribution of zfy genotypes indicate that male white-tailed deer disperse into the range of mule deer and successfully breed with mule deer does. in western texas, f1 hybrids are rare, but a relatively high proportion of backcross individuals was observed. phylogenetic analysis of zfy among white-tail ... | 1998 | 28565226 |
| experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in yearling black-tailed deer. | an apparently novel adenovirus was associated with an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease that is believed to have killed thousands of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california (usa) during 1993-1994. a systemic vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy or a localized vasculitis associated with necrotizing stomatitis/pharyngitis/glossitis or osteomyelitis of the jaw were common necropsy findings in animals that died during this epizootic. six black-tailed yearling deer (o. hem ... | 1997 | 9391965 |
| use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores : ii. black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | the effectiveness of predator odors (fecal and urine) in suppressing feeding damage by black-tailed deer was investigated in pen bioassays at the university of british columbia research forest, maple ridge, british columbia, canada. a total of eight bioassay trials tested the effects of these odors on deer consumption of salal leaves and coniferous seedlings. cougar, coyote,and wolf feces as well as coyote, wolf, fox, wolverine, lynx, and bobcat urines provided the most effective suppression of ... | 1985 | 24310276 |
| negative effects of vertebrate herbivores on invertebrates in a coastal dune community. | although competition has been a major focus in ecology for the past century, most empirical and theoretical studies in this area have emphasized interactions between closely related species. however, there is growing evidence that negative interactions among distantly related taxa also occur and may be far more important than previously thought. in this study, we took advantage of an 11-year-old replicated vertebrate-exclosure experiment in a coastal dune community in northern california, usa, t ... | 2008 | 18705383 |
| risk-spreading larviposition behaviour of female nose bot flies (cephenemyia) attacking black-tailed deer. | while baited deer models were under observation nine cephenemyia jellisoni townsend (diptera: oestridae) females and seven c. apicata bennett & sabrosky engaged in a risk-spreading larviposition behaviour by larvipositing on models only once and then flying away. additionally, analysis of 225 unobserved larvipostions in which larvae were trapped in adhesive on the muzzles of deer models showed that 94% of c. apicata and 95% of c. jellisoni larviposited on a model only once. the number of single ... | 2013 | 22971133 |
| experimental deerpox infection in black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | the pathogenic potential of deerpox virus was investigated via an experimental study utilizing seven black-tailed deer fawns (odocoileus hemionus) between june and august of 2007. successful transmission was achieved via intracutaneous and intravenous routes, and by commingling an uninoculated animal with experimentally infected fawns. one fawn became depressed and reluctant to eat but systemic clinical signs in the other fawns were confined to mild transient pyrexia. typical multifocal poxviral ... | 2010 | 20090016 |