| temperature regulation in the smallest ungulate, the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus). | | 1977 | 11060 |
| hematology, viscosity, and respiratory functions of whole blood of the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus. | blood samples from the lesser mouse deer were examined for hematology, viscosity, oxygen dissociation curve, and magnitude of the bohr effect. red corpuscle dimensions, determined under oil immersion with an ocular micrometer, averaged 2.2 micron while the cell counts averaged 53 million/micronl blood, and the packed cell volume averaged 31.2%. blood hemoglobin concentration averaged 11.2 g/100 ml and the calculated mean cell hemoglobin concentration was 38 g/100 ml. the relative viscosity of th ... | 1977 | 16863 |
| [on two filariae from ungulates, in malaysia (author's transl]. | redescription of the female of setaria thomasi sandosham, 1954, parasite of sus scrofa jubatus; description of the female of papillosetaria malayi n.sp. from tragulus javanicus. the study of the buccal region of papillosteria leads the authors to consider this genus as an ancestral form of setaria. | 1978 | 677714 |
| hemodynamics of the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus. | mouse deer possess the smallest known erythrocytes. in contrast to the usual biconcave shape, mouse deer corpuscles are spherical which results in an appreciable increase in vitro blood viscosity. in the absence of compensation, increased viscosity should produce hemodynamic consequences. however, we find that cardiac output, arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance are all within normal limits, while packed cell volume is considerably lower than normal. we suggest that reduced packed ... | 1977 | 863831 |
| morphological study on the stomach of the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus) with special reference to the internal surface. | the stomach of the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus) was observed macroscopically. it consisted of only three compartments, rumen, reticulum and abomasum without omasum. the rumen was s-shaped with large ventral and caudoventral blind sacs and the reticulum was larger than the abomasum. internally, the rumen was covered with numerous ruminal papillae even on the pillars and the ruminoreticular fold. these papillae were leaf- or tongue-like shaped and varied in size and density. the reticulu ... | 1992 | 1477154 |
| coccidian parasites (protozoa: eimeriidae) of the lesser mouse-deer tragulus javanicus. 3. cytological studies of the sporozoites of eimeria traguli. | | 1972 | 4112890 |
| complete robertsonian fusion in the malaysian lesser mouse-deer (tragulus javanicus). | | 1973 | 4708734 |
| giardia sp. from the lesser mouse-deer tragulus javanicus in west malaysia. | | 1971 | 5136713 |
| coccidian parasites (protozoa: eimeriidae) of the lesser mouse-deer, tragulus javanicus. i. descriptions of three new eimeria species. | | 1971 | 5169144 |
| coccidian parasites (protozoa: eimeriidae) of the lesser mouse-deer tragulus javanicus. ii. sporogony of eimeria traguli. | | 1971 | 5169145 |
| helminth parasites of the lesser mouse-deer tragulus javanicus osbeck from peninsular malaysia. | | 1980 | 7444587 |
| light microscopic studies of the stomach of the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus). | the stomach of the lesser mouse deer was studied at the light microscopic level using histological and immunohistochemical methods. the stomach was clearly differentiated into rumen, reticulum including reticular groove, a small transition zone and abomasum. the mucosal surface of the rumen, reticulum and transition zone was lined with a stratified squamous epithelium and that of the abomasum with a simple columnar type. the epithelial keratinization was weak in the rumen, floor of the reticular ... | 1995 | 7536016 |
| immunohistochemical study of the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus). | the occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus, were studied immunohistochemically. fourteen types of endocrine cells immunoreactive for serotonin, somatostatin, enteroglucagon, pancreatic glucagon, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bpp), gastrin, substance p, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (gip), cholecystokinin (cck), methionine-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 (menk-8), secretin, neurotensin, peptide tyrosine tyrosi ... | 1994 | 7537934 |
| isotricha jalaludinii n. sp. found from the rumen of lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus, in malaysia. | isotricha jalaludinii n. sp. found in the rumen of lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus, in malaysia was described and illustrated. this new species is characterized by the location and direction of the vestibulum, shape of the macronucleus, and absence of a dent at the vestibular opening. the presence of single peculiar isotrichid species in the rumen of mouse deer, which is recognized as one of the most primitive ruminants, suggests that the isotrichid ciliates similar to i. jalaludinii and i ... | 1995 | 7728142 |
| food intake, nutrient utilization and water turnover in the lesser mouse-deer (tragulus javanicus) given lundai (sapium baccatum). | voluntary food intake, digestibility and water turnover were determined in adult malaysian lesser mouse-deer (tragulus javanicus) given unlimited access to lundai foliage (sapium baccatum). daily dry matter (dm) intake was 42.4 g/kg metabolic live mass (m0.73) or 3.7% m. digestible energy intake was 853 kj/day (571 kj metabolisable energy per m0.73), calculated to be used with 79% efficiency. apparent digestibility (%) of organic matter was 83.8, crude fibre 63.7, acid detergent fibre 60.5, neut ... | 1995 | 7735907 |
| morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus. | the dorsal lingual papillae of the lesser mouse deer were studied morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy. four types of papillae, filiform, fungiform, vallate and foliate, were observed. filiform papillae consisted of larger main papillae with smaller secondary papillae on their anterolateral aspects. secondary papillae were well distributed over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, but were very rare or absent in the posterior third. fungiform papillae were distributed a ... | 1995 | 8586562 |
| molecular phylogeny based on the kappa-casein and cytochrome b sequences in the mammalian suborder ruminantia. | nucleotide sequences for the kappa-casein precursor proteins have been determined from the genomic dnas or hair roots of the ruminantia. the coding regions, exons 2, 3, and 4, were amplified separately via the three kinds of pcrs and then directly sequenced. the primers were designed from the sequence of bovine kappa-casein gene; they were applicable for the amplification of the kappa-casein genes from the 13 species in the ruminantia except exon 2 of the lesser mouse deer. these results permitt ... | 1995 | 8587130 |
| unique pits on the erythrocytes of the lesser mouse-deer, tragulus javanicus. | the lesser mouse-deer, tragulus javanicus, is the smallest living ungulate and it possesses the smallest erythrocytes amongst mammalian species. we observed pits on its erythrocytes by scanning electron microscopy. they were 68-390 nm in diameter (135 +/- 65 nm) and appeared in 12.8% of erythrocytes examined. they represent unique structures that have not previously been reported physiologically or pathologically. | 1996 | 8771414 |
| a karyotypic analysis of the lesser malay chevrotain, tragulus javanicus (artiodactyla: tragulidae). | chevrotains are small forest-dwelling ruminants of the family tragulidae. the chromosome number of the lesser malay chevrotain was determined to be 2n = 32, nf = 64, g- and q-banding allowed the identification of homologous chromosomes, and c-banding demonstrated the presence of pericentromeric, telomeric and interstitial constitutive heterochromatin. q-band comparisons with domestic cattle revealed relatively few monobrachial chromosome band homologies. however, the smallest biarmed autosome of ... | 1996 | 8939367 |
| an osteometrical study of the cranium and mandible of the lesser mouse deer (chevrotain), tragulus javanicus. | the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus) is one of the most primitive ruminants. skulls of lesser mouse deer were measured to evaluate their growth. the age was estimated from the eruption and attrition of molars on the mandible. a total of 95 specimens was divided into five age groups, and the growth pattern in each sex was established for some measurements. the relative growth coefficients were calculated for the head and body length and several parts of the cranium and mandible against the ... | 1998 | 9819763 |
| evaluation of semen collected by electroejaculation from captive lesser malay chevrotain (tragulus javanicus). | thirteen sexually mature captive male lesser malay chevrotains (tragulus javanicus) were each anesthetized twice with tiletamine-zolazepam for electroejaculation. viable spermatozoa were collected from all animals. the semen was creamy, milky, pale yellowish, or watery. the mean values for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, and percentages of sperm motility, normality and viability were 23.7 +/- 2.5 microl, 366.9 +/- 127.8 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml, 40.0% +/- 3.1%, 71.4% +/- 1.6%, and 59.6% +/- ... | 2000 | 10982126 |
| ruminant brain ribonucleases: expression and evolution. | molecular evolutionary analyses of mammalian ribonucleases have shown that gene duplication events giving rise to three paralogous genes occurred in ruminant ancestors. one of these genes encodes a ribonuclease identified in bovine brain. a peculiar feature of this enzyme and orthologous sequences in other ruminants are c-terminal extensions consisting of 17-27 amino acid residues. evidence was obtained by western blot analysis for the presence of brain-type ribonucleases in brain tissue not onl ... | 2001 | 11343795 |
| secretory ribonucleases in the primitive ruminant chevrotain (tragulus javanicus). | phylogenetic analyses of secretory ribonucleases or rnases 1 have shown that gene duplication events, giving rise to three paralogous genes (pancreatic, seminal and brain rnase), occurred during the evolution of ancestral ruminants. a higher number of paralogous sequences are present in chevrotain (tragulus javanicus), the earliest diverged taxon within the ruminants. two pancreatic rnase sequences were identified, one encoding the pancreatic enzyme, the other encoding a pseudogene. the identity ... | 2001 | 11453981 |
| molecular evolution of growth hormone (gh) in cetartiodactyla: cloning and characterization of the gene encoding gh from a primitive ruminant, the chevrotain (tragulus javanicus). | in mammals the sequence of pituitary growth hormone (gh) is generally strongly conserved, indicating a slow basal rate of molecular evolution. however, on two occasions, during the evolution of primates and that of cetartiodactyls, the rate of evolution has increased dramatically (25 to 50-fold) so that the sequences of human and ruminant ghs differ markedly from those of other mammalian ghs. to define further the burst of gh evolution that occurred in cetartiodactyls, the gh gene of the chevrot ... | 2001 | 11551118 |
| energy expenditure in relation to activity of lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus). | heat production (hp) of male and female mouse deer during eating, standing and sitting was determined using the open circuit respiration chamber (rc). the time taken for similar activities was also determined in an outdoor enclosure (od). the animals were fed kangkong (ipomoea aquatica), sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) and rabbit pellet ad libitum. male mouse deer consumed more dry matter (dm), organic matter (om) and gross energy (ge) than female. the time for each activity of male and female mo ... | 2001 | 11691611 |
| functional morphology of the mastication muscles in the lesser and greater mouse deer. | the mastication muscles were examined in the lesser (tragulus javanicus) and greater mouse deer (tragulus napu) to clarify the form of the mastication muscles in these primitive artiodactyls. the m. masseter was well-developed in both species, however the attachment area of its origin was not confirmed in the rostral facial part. the masseter bundles were not observed on the lateral side of the maxilla bone, and their origin was restricted to the zygomatic arch area. this suggests that the m. ma ... | 2002 | 12419866 |
| characterisation of a pestivirus isolated from persistently infected mousedeer ( tragulus javanicus). | serum samples from the male mousedeer a and the mother, father and sister of a were tested for bovine virus diarrhoea viruses (bvdv) by isolation, and for bvdv antibodies by blocking elisa and homologous neutralisation test. further, rna was extracted and tested by rt-pcr protocol analysing the 5'-untranslated region and the e2 gene of pestivirus. the rt-pcr products were subsequently sequenced. mousedeer a was positive in virus isolation on three occasions (days 1, 19 and 40) and by rt-pcr. the ... | 2003 | 12898325 |
| erythrocyte diameter in tragulus javanicus, the chevrotain or mouse deer. | | 1963 | 14065936 |
| multivesicular nuclear body in sertoli cells of the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus. | the sertoli cell of the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus, was examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. similar to other ruminants, a multivesicular nuclear body (mnb) and laminated smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) were observed in the lesser mouse deer sertoli cell. the mnb was present within the sertoli cell nucleus, and consisted of vesicles, irregular tubules and ribosome-like structures. it was infrequent in the lesser mouse deer, which differs from domestic ruminant ... | 2003 | 14604151 |
| peculiar bundles of filaments in leydig cells of the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus): an ultrastructural study. | leydig cells of lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus) testes were observed using light and transmission electron microscopies. sexually mature lesser mouse deer were obtained in east malaysia. the testes were perfused with 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 1% oso4, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in araldite. the semithin sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and observed under light microscopy. the ultrathin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and exami ... | 2003 | 14651486 |
| absence of the functional myosin heavy chain 2b isoform in equine skeletal muscles. | nucleotide sequences which included the full coding region for three types of myosin heavy chain (myhc) isoforms were determined from equine skeletal muscles. the deduced amino acid sequences were 1937, 1938, and 1935 residues for the myhc-2a, -2x, and -slow, respectively. no myhc-2b isoform was amplified from the equine muscle cdna except for one pseudogene fragment. one nucleotide was inserted in the coding region of the equine pseudogene product, a minute amount of which was expressed in the ... | 2004 | 15170063 |
| geographical variation of the skull of the lesser mouse deer. | we examined the geographical variation of the skull size and shape of the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus) from laos, thailand, peninsular malaysia, sumatra, java, borneo, langkawi and some islands of tenasserim in myanmar. although the influence of the climatic condition on skull size was not confirmed in the mainland populations, the skull became rostro-caudally longer in the populations of tenasserim and sumatra because of island isolation effect. the skull size was classified into the ... | 2004 | 15528854 |
| an ultrastructural study on the leydig and sertoli cells in the immature lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus). | leydig and sertoli cells of the immature lesser mouse deer testes, obtained in east malaysia, were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy (tem). the testes were fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 1% oso4, dehydrated in ethanol, and embedded in araldite m. serial semi-thin sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and observed using light microscopy. serial ultra-thin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using tem. as a resul ... | 2005 | 15929732 |
| a tandem gene duplication followed by recruitment of a retrotransposon created the paralogous bucentaur gene (bcntp97) in the ancestral ruminant. | retrotransposable element-1 (rte-1) is a class of long interspersed nucleotide elements that contain in its open reading frame an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease domain (ap-end) and a reverse transcriptase domain. ruminants have a clade-specific rte-1 (bovb/rte). the bovine bcnt gene (bucentaur or craniofacial developmental protein 1) has a duplicated paralog (bcntp97) in tandem that recruited an ap-end of bovb/rte as a coding exon (rte exon). we obtained sequence of the bcnt region from seve ... | 2006 | 16384818 |
| vertical transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in mousedeer (tragulus javanicus) and spread to domestic cattle. | this study investigates the transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) 1f from a persistently infected (pi) lesser malayan mousedeer to two bovine calves. different contact routes to two calves were analysed: 1) aerosol contact between two adjacent pens without physical contact; 2) indirect contact by use of common utensils; 3) direct nose-to-nose contact for 30 seconds. one of the calves was infected either by aerosol or indirect contact. the virus sequence in 247 nucleotides in the 5' ... | 2006 | 16835699 |
| morphology of the intermandibular gland of the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus. | the morphology of the intermandibular gland of the lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus), which plays an important function in marking area and territory and in the reproductive behaviour of the animal, was examined using immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. the gland was composed of sebaceous and apocrine glandular material. sebaceous glands occupied a greater area of the total gland and consisted of many large lobules with polyhedral cells having a pal ... | 2006 | 16968253 |
| absence of carotid rete mirabile in small tropical ruminants: implications for the evolution of the arterial system in artiodactyls. | the intracranial carotid rete (or rete mirabile epidurale) is a unique blood vascular system supplying the brain of artiodactyls, which have either an involuted or no internal carotid artery. although the lesser and greater mouse deer (tragulus javanicus and t. napu, respectively) are ruminants, the rete mirabile epidurale is absent. in these animals, as in non-artiodactyls, such as canines, equines and humans, the complete internal carotid artery supplies the brain. it is currently uncertain wh ... | 2007 | 17229288 |
| febrile response and decrease in circulating lymphocytes following acute infection of white-tailed deer fawns with either a bvdv1 or a bvdv2 strain. | although commonly associated with infection in cattle, bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) also replicate in many domestic and wildlife species, including cervids. bovine viral diarrhea viruses have been isolated from a number of cervids, including mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), european roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and mouse deer (tragulus javanicus), but little information is available regarding clinical presentation ... | 2007 | 17984260 |
| novel erythrocyte pits in the small tropical ruminant, lesser mouse deer. | we examined unique erythrocyte pits of the peripheral blood and bone marrow in the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus, using scanning electron microscope (sem) and transmission electron microscope (tem). under the sem observation, the pit was observed as a hole on both mature erythrocytes of the peripheral blood and immature erythrocytes of the bone marrow. by the tem, the mature erythrocytes had a vacuole, which showed complicated shape and occupied considerable space within the cytoplasm. t ... | 2007 | 18021351 |
| experimental superinfection of a lesser malayan mousedeer (tragulus javanicus) persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a lesser malayan mousedeer (tragulus javanicus), persistently infected with noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1f, was experimentally superinfected with a cytopathogenic isolate of bvdv type 1c, which antigenically partially matched the endogenous strain. within the observational period of 125 days after superinfection, the animal did not demonstrate any clinical signs of the disease and/or significant changes in blood values. neutralizing antibodies were detected at 35 an ... | 2008 | 18432109 |
| distribution of lectin-bindings in the testis of the lesser mouse deer, tragulus javanicus. | the distribution of lectin bindings in the testis of the smallest ruminant, lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus), was studied using 12 biotinylated lectins specific for d-galactose (peanut agglutinin pna, ricinus communis agglutinin rca i), n-acetyl-d-galactosamine (dolichos biflorus agglutinin dba, vicia villosa agglutinin vva, soybean agglutinin sba), n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and sialic acid (wheat germ agglutinin wga, s-wga), d-mannose and d-glucose (lens culinaris agglutinin lca, pisum sativ ... | 2009 | 19245668 |
| chromosome painting in tragulidae facilitates the reconstruction of ruminantia ancestral karyotype. | although tragulidae, as the basal family in ruminantia phylogenetic tree, is the key taxon for understanding the early chromosome evolution of extant ruminants, comparative molecular cytogenetic data on the tragulids are scarce. here, we present the first genome-wide comparative map of the java mouse deer (tragulus javanicus, tragulidae) revealed by chromosome painting with human and dromedary probes. together with the published comparative maps of major representative cetartiodactyl species est ... | 2011 | 21445689 |
| reproductive characteristics of female lesser mouse deers (tragulus javanicus) based on fecal progestagens and breeding records. | information about breeding and the reproductive biology of mouse deer is limited in the wild and captivity. no reports on reproductive endocrinology are available. the objective of the present study was to observe the reproductive biology based on breeding records, to validate the utility of the non-invasive endocrine monitoring technique using feces of the female lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus), and thus to clarify the reproductive physiology. breeding records from 2 females were investi ... | 2012 | 23313615 |
| a genome survey sequencing of the java mouse deer (tragulus javanicus) adds new aspects to the evolution of lineage specific retrotransposons in ruminantia (cetartiodactyla). | ruminantia, the ruminating, hoofed mammals (cow, deer, giraffe and allies) are an unranked artiodactylan clade. around 50-60 million years ago the bovb retrotransposon entered the ancestral ruminantian genome through horizontal gene transfer. a survey genome screen using 454-pyrosequencing of the java mouse deer (tragulus javanicus) and the lesser kudu (tragelaphus imberbis) was done to investigate and to compare the landscape of transposable elements within ruminantia. the family tragulidae (mo ... | 2015 | 26123917 |
| anatomical and histological characterization of ileal and jejunal peyer's patch in lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus). | tragulidae is a primitive ungulate family within the order cetartiodactyla, suborder ruminantia. domestic ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goat have two types of peyer's patches (pp): jejunal and ileal pp, in which there are morphological and functional differences. in this study, lesser mouse deer (tragulus javanicus) pp was studied by gross anatomical and histological procedures. at the fetal stage, both types of pp were formed in the small intestine. ileal pp was observed as a single cont ... | 2012 | 22658086 |
| x chromosome evolution in cetartiodactyla. | the phenomenon of a remarkable conservation of the x chromosome in eutherian mammals has been first described by susumu ohno in 1964. a notable exception is the cetartiodactyl x chromosome, which varies widely in morphology and g-banding pattern between species. it is hypothesized that this sex chromosome has undergone multiple rearrangements that changed the centromere position and the order of syntenic segments over the last 80 million years of cetartiodactyla speciation. to investigate its ev ... | 2017 | 28858207 |
| the case of x and y localization of nucleolus organizer regions (nors) in tragulus javanicus (cetartiodactyla, mammalia). | there are differences in number and localization of nucleolus organizer regions (nors) in genomes. in mammalian genomes, nors are located on autosomes, which are often situated on short arms of acrocentric chromosomes and more rarely in telomeric, pericentromeric, or interstitial regions. in this work, we report the unique case of active nors located on gonŠ¾somes of a eutherian mammal, the javan mouse-deer (tragulus javanicus). we have investigated the position of nors by fish experiments with r ... | 2018 | 29925822 |