| sites of organic acid production and patterns of digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of the rock hyrax. | the rock hyrax, smallest of the present day ungulates and a near relative of the elephant, has a gastrointestinal tract of such complex nature that it may be considered ccomparable to both the simple and complex stomach mammals, and also to birds. they have a stomach to body weight capacity equal to that of sheep. but for all its complexity, the passage of ingesta is reasonably rapid. however, there are three major sites of digesta retention and microbial fermentation of the ingested material. t ... | 1977 | 20487 |
| application of ovine luteinizing hormone (lh) radioimmunoassay in the quantitation of lh in different mammalian species. | a sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring luteinizing hormone (lh) in various african mammalian species, using rabbit anti-ovine lh serum (gdn 15) and radioiodinated rat lh or ovine lh. serum and pituitary homogenates from some african mammals (hyrax, reedbuck, sable, impala, tsessebe, thar, spring-hare, ground squirrel and cheetah, as well as the domestic sheep, cow and horse and laboratory rat and hamster) produced displacement curves parallel to that of the ... | 1977 | 330153 |
| cyclic changes in the osmolality and electrolyte composition in the gastrointestinal tract of the rock hyrax. | the rock hyrax has been shown to have a very unusual and complex digestive tract. the gastrointestinal tract is comparable to that of the simple and complex stomach of mammals as well as to that of birds. determinations of osmolality and electrolytes have been made in different sections of the gut of the hyrax. however, with the exception of the elevated potassium levels observed in the cranial stomach, the hyrax poses no unusual osmotic or electrolyte concentrations when compared to man or othe ... | 1978 | 650301 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-living african mammals. | twelve species of free-living african mammals from kenya, tanzania, uganda and zambia were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using the indirect hemagglutination test. of 157 animals sampled, 20 (13%) were seropositive. t. gondii antibodies were detected in burchell's zebra, (equus burchelli), hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), african elephant (loxodonta africana), defassa waterbuck (kobus defassa), lion (panthera leo), and rock hyrax (procavia capensis), the highest titers were fou ... | 1975 | 1195497 |
| [the ontogenesis of the tympanic region of the procaviidae (mammalia: hyracoidea)]. | lindahl (1948) has described the early ontogenesis of 14 fetal stages of procavia capensis. the oldest fetus of his series has had a headlength of 20 mm. it is the series with which the present account on the development of the tympanic region in hyracoids starts. further middle to late fetuses have been studied by means of serial sections or macroscopic preparations. first 5 different ontogenetic stages are described, and then we follow the development of different organs in their ontogenesis. ... | 1989 | 2628139 |
| inermicapsifer beveridgei n. sp. (cestoidea: anoplocephalidae) from procavia capensis (hyracoidea) in israel, with notes on two species of hymenolepis. | inermicapsifer beveridgei n. sp. from procavia capensis differs from all other species in the genus in having 150-174 testes per segment. the closest species is i. hyracis (rudolphi, 1810) janicki, 1919, with 75-120 testes. hymenolepis vogeae singh, 1956 and h. horrida (linstow, 1901) lühe, 1910, are briefly discussed. | 1988 | 3379528 |
| paenungulata: a comparison of the hemoglobin sequences from elephant, hyrax, and manatee. | inspection of the amino acid differences among hemoglobin sequences of a wide range of mammalian species suggested that at alpha 19, alpha 110, alpha 111, beta 23, beta 44, and beta 56, synapomorphies group manatee (trichechus inungius, sirenia), indian and african elephant (elephas maximus and loxodonta africana, proboscidea), and rock hyrax (procavia habessinica, hyracoidea) into a monophyletic clade. results obtained by parsimony analysis provide evidence for this grouping--and thus support f ... | 1986 | 3444412 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xix. ixodid ticks and fleas on rock dassies (procavia capensis) in the mountain-zebra national park. | five or 6 rock dassies (procavia capensis) were shot at monthly intervals for 13 consecutive months in the mountain zebra national park and processed for arthropod parasite recovery. ten species of ixodid ticks and 2 flea species were recovered. the seasonal prevalence of the rock dassie ticks, haemaphysalis hyracophila and rhipicephalus distinctus, and of the immature stages of rhipicephalus arnoldi, a tick that usually infests the red rock rabbit (pronolagus rupestris), was determined. only 10 ... | 1986 | 3725332 |
| regulation of seasonal sexual activity in an ascrotal mammal, the rock hyrax, procavia capensis. | | 1973 | 4522374 |
| comparison of transit time of digesta and digestive efficiency of the rock hyrax, the barbados sheep and the domestic rabbit. | | 1982 | 6126303 |
| [the primary structure of hemoglobins of the rock hyrax (procavia habessinica, hyracoidea): insertion of glutamine in the alpha chains]. | the chromatography of the hemoglobin of the rock hyrax (procavia habessinica) gives two components (73% hbi and 27% hbii). the amino-acid analysis and the sequences of the globin chains elucidated with the phenylthiohydantoin method, did not show any differences between the alpha i and alpha ii or beta i and beta ii chains, respectively. the different chromatographical behaviour cannot be explained. after chain separation by chromatography on cm-52 cellulose, all four primary structures were elu ... | 1983 | 6629339 |
| notes on african haemaphysalis ticks, xiii. identity of h. (rhipistoma) cooleyi, a parasite of the rock hyrax in south africa (acarina: ixodidae). | the lectotype male, allotype female, and paratype nymph of haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) cooleyi bedford, 1929, a parasite of the rock hyrax, procavia capensis, in the transvaal, are redescribed and illustrated to provide reliable criteria for differentiating between haemaphysaline parasites of hyraxes. keys are included for identifying adults of these haemaphysalis ssp. (orientalis nuttall & warburton, 1915; bequaerti hoogstraal, 1956; cooleyi bedford, 1929; hyracophila hoogstraal, walker & neitz, ... | 1981 | 7335328 |
| acetylthiocholinesterase staining in an interpedunculotegmental pathway in four species: procavia capensis (dassie), cavia procellus (guinea-pig), trichosurus vulpecula (brush-tail possum) and rattus rattus (hooded rat). | | 1980 | 7417850 |
| tuberculosis in imported hyrax (procavia capensis) caused by an unusual variant belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | tuberculosis was diagnosed in an adult female hyrax (procavia capensis) imported from south africa and held in a captive colony at the perth zoo. an organism similar to mycobacterium microti was isolated from the lung of this animal and the lung of an adult male hyrax in the colony. the organism was not pathogenic to rabbits or guinea pigs. protein profiles and rflp patterns using the probes is6110 and ptbn12 showed both hyrax isolates were identical. these isolates were similar to a m. tubercul ... | 1994 | 7886928 |
| host feeding preference of phlebotomus guggisbergi, a vector of leishmania tropica in kenya. | recently the sandfly phlebotomus guggisbergi was found to be a vector of leishmania tropica causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in the laikipia focus, kenya, but extensive searches have shed no light on the identity of the rural reservoir host(s). in order to discover more about the biology of the vector, a host feeding preference study was conducted on wild sandflies in their natural cave environment over a 6-month period. solid state army miniature (ssam) traps, without light bulb, were suspended ... | 1993 | 8369555 |
| interordinal mammalian relationships: evidence for paenungulate monophyly is provided by complete mitochondrial 12s rrna sequences. | the complete mitochondrial 12s rrna sequences of 5 placental mammals belonging to the 3 orders sirenia, proboscidea, and hyracoidea are reported together with phylogenetic analyses (distance and parsimony) of a total of 51 mammalian orthologues. this 12s rrna database now includes the 2 extant proboscideans (the african and asiatic elephants loxodonta africana and elephas maximus), 2 of the 3 extant sirenian genera (the sea cow dugong dugon and the west indian manatee trichechus manatus), and 2 ... | 1996 | 8899726 |
| phylogenetic position of mammoth and steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial dna sequences. | here we report dna sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene segments (1,005 base pairs per species) for the extinct woolly mammoth (mammuthus primigenius) and steller's sea cow (hydrodamalis gigas) and the extant asian elephant (elephas maximus), the western indian manatee (trichechus manatus), and the hyrax (procavia capensis). these molecular data have allowed us to construct the phylogeny for the tethytheria. our molecular data resolve the trichotomy between the two species of living el ... | 1997 | 9089080 |
| natural leishmania infection in rock hyrax, procavia capensis (pallas, 1766) order: hyracoidea, trapped in najran, saudi arabia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania major (zoonotic, zcl) and l. tropica (anthroponotic, acl) is found in most countries of the eastern mediterranean region. phlebotomus papatasii is the proven vector of l. major and rodents rhombomys opimus, psammomys obesus, meriones spp. and gerbillus spp. serve as animal reservoirs. ph. sergenti is the vector of l. tropica in the majority of endemic foci. on the other hand; in the eastern african highlands (mainly ethiopia and kenya), stable foci of ... | 1997 | 9097529 |
| characterization of leishmania aethiopica from rock hyrax, procavia capensis trapped in najran, saudi arabia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. aethiopica is endemic in ethiopia, kenya and south-west africa. in a previous paper, the present authors reported natural leishmania species infection in two hyraxes, p. capensis. in this paper, an isolate from a rock hyrax. p. capensis (pallas, 1766) was enzymatically characterized by demonstrating the mobilities of seven enzymes, to be identical with the reference strain of l. aethiopica. | 1997 | 9257973 |
| phylogenetic analysis of cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rrna gene locus. | biological data support the hypothesis that there are multiple species in the genus cryptosporidium, but a recent analysis of the available genetic data suggested that there is insufficient evidence for species differentiation. in order to resolve the controversy in the taxonomy of this parasite genus, we characterized the small-subunit rrna genes of cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium baileyi, cryptosporidium muris, and cryptosporidium serpentis and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the ... | 1999 | 10103253 |
| molecular and phylogenetic analysis of cryptosporidium muris from various hosts. | isolates of cryptosporidium muris and c. serpentis were characterized from different hosts using nucleotide sequence analysis of the rdna 18s and its1 regions, and the heat-shock (hsp-70) gene. phylogenetic analysis confirmed preliminary evidence that c. muris is not a uniform species. two distinct genotypes were identified within c. muris; (1) c. muris genotype a; comprising bovine and camel isolates of c. muris from different geographical locations, and (2) c. muris genotype b comprising c. mu ... | 2000 | 10840975 |
| cryptosporidium muris infection in an hiv-infected adult, kenya. | we describe a case of cryptosporidium muris infection in an hiv-infected adult with diarrhea in kenya. sequence analysis of an 840-bp region of the 18s rrna gene locus demonstrated the isolate had 100% nucleotide identity with c. muris recovered from a rock hyrax, 98.8% with a c. muris "calf" isolate, 95.5% with c. serpentis, but only 87.8% with c. parvum "human" type. | 2002 | 11897075 |
| an acid-fast bacillus isolated from the lungs of the cape hyrax, procavia capensis (pallas). | | 1958 | 13504164 |
| the mycobacterium isolated from the dassie procavia capensis (pallas). | | 1961 | 13782505 |
| outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern israel. | this study describes a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) due to leishmania tropica, in the galilee region of northern israel. thirty-three cases from 4 villages (northern part) and from the city of tiberias (southern part) have been clinically diagnosed since 1996. parasites from 13 patients and from 6 sand flies were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis, 2 immunological methods, and 3 polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods. isolates from the northern part were antigenically ... | 2003 | 14513429 |
| genomic interrogation of the dassie bacillus reveals it as a unique rd1 mutant within the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | despite their remarkable genetic homology, members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex express very different phenotypes, most notably in their spectra of clinical presentation. for example, m. tuberculosis is regarded as pathogenic to humans, whereas members having deleted rd1, such as mycobacterium microti and mycobacterium bovis bcg, are not. the dassie bacillus, an infrequent variant of the m. tuberculosis complex characterized as being most similar to m. microti, is the causative agen ... | 2004 | 14679230 |
| the isolation of leishmania tropica and l. aethiopica from phlebotomus (paraphlebotomus) species (diptera: psychodidae) in the awash valley, northeastern ethiopia. | in a survey of leishmania infections in phlebotomine sandflies in a highly suspected focus of leishmaniasis in the awash valley (northeastern ethiopia) between january 1994 and august 1997, a total of 3307 females of 11 phlebotomus species (p. orientalis, p. fantalensis, p. saevus, p. sergenti, p. gemetchi, p. alexandri, p. bergeroti, p. duboscqi, p. arabicus, p. martini, and p. rodhaini) were dissected. promastigotes were detected in 17 females of three species (11 p. saevus, 4 p. sergenti and ... | 2004 | 14702839 |
| effects of food processing on masticatory strain and craniofacial growth in a retrognathic face. | changes in the technology of food preparation over the last few thousand years (especially cooking, softening, and grinding) are hypothesized to have contributed to smaller facial size in humans because of less growth in response to strains generated by chewing softer, more processed food. while there is considerable comparative evidence to support this idea, most experimental tests of this hypothesis have been on non-human primates or other very prognathic mammals (rodents, swine) raised on har ... | 2004 | 15183669 |
| pancreatic islet fibrosis in rock hyrax (procavia capensis), part 2: pathology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. | pancreatic islet fibrosis with varying degrees of islet cell hyperplasia or islet effacement was diagnosed histologically in 19 rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) from seven zoological parks. some, but not all, affected hyraxes were from a common lineage. the condition was associated with apparent hyperglycemia in seven and diabetes mellitus in two. immunohistochemistry revealed hyperplasia of beta, alpha, and delta cells proportional to the degree of the fibrosis. electron microscopy revealed col ... | 2004 | 15526882 |
| experimental transmission of leishmania tropica to hyraxes (procavia capensis) by the bite of phlebotomus arabicus. | the ability of the sand fly phlebotomus (adlerius) arabicus to transmit leishmania tropica was studied experimentally using hyraxes (procavia capensis), natural reservoir hosts of the parasite. sand flies became infected with l. tropica after feeding on a lesion of needle-inoculated hyrax. moreover, p. arabicus fed with l. tropica promastigotes transmitted the parasite to hyraxes by bite during a second bloodmeal. although the animals remained asymptomatic after infective sand fly bite, they wer ... | 2006 | 16815725 |
| genome sequence comparison reveals independent inactivation of the caspase-15 gene in different evolutionary lineages of mammals. | we have recently demonstrated that placental mammalian species such as pig and dog express a novel proapoptotic protease, caspase-15, whereas mouse and humans lack this enzyme. here we investigated the evolutionary fate of the caspase-15 gene in different mammalian lineages by analyzing whole-genome shotgun sequences of 30 mammalian species for the presence of caspase-15 orthologs. caspase-15 gene sequences were found in representatives of all major mammalian clades except for the superorders af ... | 2006 | 16887902 |
| isolation of a mycobacterium microti-like organism from a rock hyrax (procavia capensis) in a canadian zoo. | a mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organism was isolated from a zoo resident rock hyrax (procavia capensis) imported into canada from south africa. the strain was identified biochemically as mycobacterium microti. the spoligotype pattern obtained for this isolate was found to be rare. this represents the first report of isolation and spoligotyping of m. microti in north america. | 2006 | 17078252 |
| hematology and serum biochemistry values of trapped, healthy, free-ranging rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) and their association with age, sex, and gestational status. | the rock hyrax (procavia capensis) is an herbivore prevalent from south africa to turkey, and a most common zoo animal. although many studies of hyrax diseases and physiology are available, clinicopathologic data are limited. | 2007 | 17311193 |
| the elephants of zoba gash barka, eritrea: part 4. cholelithiasis in a wild african elephant (loxodonta africana). | a 4.0-kg cholelith was found within the abdominal cavity of a dead wild african elephant (loxodonta africana) in eritrea. analysis of this cholelith by histochemistry, electron microscopy, electrospray mass spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed it was composed of bile alcohols but no calcium, bilirubin, or cholesterol. bacteria were also found in the cholelith. similar, but smaller, bile stones have been identified previously in other wild african elephants and an excav ... | 2005 | 17312726 |
| distinct transmission cycles of leishmania tropica in 2 adjacent foci, northern israel. | transmission of leishmania tropica was studied in 2 adjacent foci in israel where vector populations differ. only phlebotomus sergenti was found infected with l. tropica in the southern focus; p. arabicus was the main vector in the northern focus. rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) were incriminated as reservoir hosts in both foci. l. tropica strains from the northern focus isolated from sand flies, cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, and rock hyraxes were antigenically similar to l. major, and strains ... | 2006 | 17326936 |
| chromosome painting among proboscidea, hyracoidea and sirenia: support for paenungulata (afrotheria, mammalia) but not tethytheria. | despite marked improvements in the interpretation of systematic relationships within eutheria, particular nodes, including paenungulata (hyracoidea, sirenia and proboscidea), remain ambiguous. the combination of a rapid radiation, a deep divergence and an extensive morphological diversification has resulted in a limited phylogenetic signal confounding resolution within this clade both at the morphological and nucleotide levels. cross-species chromosome painting was used to delineate regions of h ... | 2007 | 17374594 |
| mammalian genome projects reveal new growth hormone (gh) sequences. characterization of the gh-encoding genes of armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus), hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), bat (myotis lucifugus), hyrax (procavia capensis), shrew (sorex araneus), ground squirrel (spermophilus tridecemlineatus), elephant (loxodonta africana), cat (felis catus) and opossum (monodelphis domestica). | mammalian growth hormone (gh) sequences have been shown previously to display episodic evolution: the sequence is generally strongly conserved but on at least two occasions during mammalian evolution (on lineages leading to higher primates and ruminants) bursts of rapid evolution occurred. however, the number of mammalian orders studied previously has been relatively limited, and the availability of sequence data via mammalian genome projects provides the potential for extending the range of gh ... | 2008 | 17574247 |
| six novel gammaherpesviruses of afrotheria provide insight into the early divergence of the gammaherpesvirinae. | the afrotheria represent an early branching of placental mammals. only two herpesviruses from afrotheria have been previously identified, and the genus proboscivirus in the subfamily betaherpesvirinae has been proposed for them. six novel gammaherpesviruses were identified in four species in the superorder afrotheria by detection and analysis of their dna polymerase genes. elephantid herpesvirus 3 (elhv3) and elephantid herpesvirus 4 (elhv4) were identified from conjunctival swabs from asian ele ... | 2008 | 17884307 |
| pulmonary infection due to the dassie bacillus (mycobacterium tuberculosis complex sp.) in a free-living dassie (rock hyrax-procavia capensis) from south africa. | we report a case of extensive necrogranulomatous pneumonia due to infection with the dassie bacillus (mycobacterium tuberculosis complex sp.) in a free-living pregnant adult female dassie (rock hyrax-procavia capensis). a juvenile female dassie from the same colony also showed a focal lesion in the lungs suggestive of mycobacterial pneumonia. our findings indicate the widespread occurrence of the dassie bacillus in free-living dassies and suggest very high infection rates in some populations. th ... | 2008 | 17933586 |
| disseminated tuberculosis in hyrax (procavia capensis) caused by mycobacterium africanum. | tuberculosis due to mycobacterium africanum was diagnosed in an adult female hyrax (procavia capensis). pathologic examination revealed disseminated tuberculous lesions. the same pathologic changes were also found in a male hyrax that died a year later. both animals were imported from the united arab emirates and were held in captivity at the zagreb zoo in croatia. the source of infection remains unknown. the acid-fast bacteria isolated from the lungs of the female hyrax were identifyed by polym ... | 2008 | 18817001 |
| herpesvirus infections in rock hyraxes (procavia capensis). | seven juveniles and 3 adults from a closed group of 19 rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) housed in a zoo's indoor rock exhibit died or were euthanized after developing blepharoconjunctivitis and orofacial ulcers over a 2-week period. histopathologic examination of dermal ulcers and ulcerated tongues revealed amphophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells bordering ulcers. epithelial cells with inclusion bodies were often characterized by cytomegaly and karyomegaly, an ... | 2009 | 19564505 |
| cryptosporidium muris in a reticulated giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis reticulata). | cryptosporidium spp. infection in captive exotic mammals was investigated using staining and molecular biological methods. a total of 323 fecal samples from 100 mammalian species (62 artiodactyla, 33 rodentia, 3 perissodactyla, and 2 paenungultata) in 4 zoological gardens in the czech republic was examined. only in a reticulated giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) sample was cryptosporidium sp. infection detected. the partial small subunit rrna sequence obtained from the isolate was iden ... | 2010 | 19685941 |
| leishmania tropica in rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) in a focus of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania tropica, has recently emerged in urban and rural foci of central and northern israel, and constitutes a major public health concern. rock hyraxes (procavia capensis), the suspected natural reservoir, were trapped in the cutaneous leishmaniasis urban focus of maale adumim in central israel and evaluated for l. tropica infection by real-time kinetoplast dna (kdna) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and serology. real-time pcr on blood and computerized wes ... | 2010 | 20439960 |
| evolutionary diversity of bile salts in reptiles and mammals, including analysis of ancient human and extinct giant ground sloth coprolites. | bile salts are the major end-metabolites of cholesterol and are also important in lipid and protein digestion and in influencing the intestinal microflora. we greatly extend prior surveys of bile salt diversity in both reptiles and mammals, including analysis of 8,000 year old human coprolites and coprolites from the extinct shasta ground sloth (nothrotherium shastense). | 2010 | 20444292 |
| 'emerging' mycobacteria in south africa. | disease can be caused by various species of the genus mycobacterium. a number of reports, both published and unpublished, of rarely reported mycobacteria have surfaced in south africa in the last few years. some unusual hosts have also been involved, causing concern in some quarters.these include reports on mycobacterium goodii in a spotted hyaena (crocuta crocuta), m. xenopi in a ruffed lemur (varecia variegata), m. intracellulare in wild-caught chacma baboons (papio ursinus), the 'dassie bacil ... | 2009 | 20458859 |
| distribution of orexin-a immunoreactive neurons and their terminal networks in the brain of the rock hyrax, procavia capensis. | the present study describes the distribution of orexin-a immunoreactive neurons and terminal networks in relation to the previously described catecholaminergic, cholinergic and serotonergic systems within the brain of the rock hyrax, procavia capensis. adult female rock hyrax brains were sectioned and immunohistochemically stained with an antibody to orexin-a. the staining revealed that the neurons were mainly located within the hypothalamus as with other mammals. the orexinergic terminal networ ... | 2010 | 21126575 |
| geographic and epidemiologic analysis of the cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak in northern israel, 2000-2003. | the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern israel began to rise in 2000, peaking at 41.0 per 100,000 in the kinneret subdistrict during the first half of 2003. | 2010 | 21243862 |
| deterioration of the gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals. | in mammals, social and sexual behaviours are largely mediated by the vomeronasal system (vns). the accessory olfactory bulb (aob) is the first synaptic locus of the vns and ranges from very large in caviomorph rodents, small in carnivores and ungulates, to its complete absence in apes, elephants, most bats and aquatic species. two pathways have been described in the vns of mammals. in mice, vomeronasal neurons expressing gαi2 protein project to the rostral portion of the aob and respond mostly t ... | 2011 | 22039487 |
| degradation of spermatozoa in the epididymis of a seasonally breeding mammal, the rock hyrax, procavia capensis. | | 2016 | 5073384 |
| detection of bartonella spp. in wild carnivores, hyraxes, hedgehog and rodents from israel. | bartonella infection was explored in wild animals from israel. golden jackals (canis aureus), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), rock hyraxes (procavia capensis), southern white-breasted hedgehogs (erinaceus concolor), social voles (microtus socialis), tristram's jirds (meriones tristrami), cairo spiny mice (acomys cahirinus), house mice (mus musculus) and indian crested porcupines (hystrix indica) were sampled and screened by molecular and isolation methods. bartonella-dna was detected in 46 animals: 9 ... | 2016 | 27210612 |
| current knowledge of sand fly fauna (diptera: psychodidae) of northwestern yemen and how it relates to leishmaniasis transmission. | this report presents the results of the first entomological survey of the sand fly fauna in northwestern yemen. sand flies were collected using sticky paper traps and cdc light traps from hajjah governorate, a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus due to leishmania tropica. six phlebotomus species: p. alexandri, p. arabicus. p. bergeroti, p. orientalis, p. papatasi, p. sergenti and ten sergentomyia species: s. africana, s. antennata, s. christophersi, s. dolichopa, s. dreyfussi, s. fallax, s. multidens, ... | 2016 | 27282094 |
| molecular identification of bloodmeals from sand flies and mosquitoes collected in israel. | in israel, sand flies are the vectors of leishmania ross and mosquitoes are the vectors of west nile virus. in the judean desert and tiberias, the sand fly phlebotomus sergenti parrot is the vector of leishmania tropica (wright) and the rock hyrax (procavia capensis pallas) is considered the main reservoir animal. the main vectors of west nile virus are culex pipiens l. and culex perexiguus theobald. bloodmeals of engorged field-caught female sand flies and mosquitoes are an important source for ... | 2014 | 24897862 |
| whole genome sequence analysis of mycobacterium suricattae. | tuberculosis occurs in various mammalian hosts and is caused by a range of different lineages of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). a recently described member, mycobacterium suricattae, causes tuberculosis in meerkats (suricata suricatta) in southern africa and preliminary genetic analysis showed this organism to be closely related to an mtbc pathogen of rock hyraxes (procavia capensis), the dassie bacillus. here we make use of whole genome sequencing to describe the evolution of th ... | 2015 | 26542221 |
| interordinal gene capture, the phylogenetic position of steller's sea cow based on molecular and morphological data, and the macroevolutionary history of sirenia. | the recently extinct (ca. 1768) steller's sea cow (hydrodamalis gigas) was a large, edentulous north pacific sirenian. the phylogenetic affinities of this taxon to other members of this clade, living and extinct, are uncertain based on previous morphological and molecular studies. we employed hybridization capture methods and second generation sequencing technology to obtain >30kb of exon sequences from 26 nuclear genes for both h. gigas and dugong dugon. we also obtained complete coding sequenc ... | 2015 | 26050523 |
| an analysis of von economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans, artiodactyls, and perissodactyls. | von economo neurons (vens) are specialized projection neurons with a characteristic spindle-shaped soma and thick basal and apical dendrites. vens have been described in restricted cortical regions, with their most frequent appearance in layers iii and v of the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and frontopolar cortex of humans, great apes, macaque monkeys, elephants, and some cetaceans. recently, a ubiquitous distribution of vens was reported in various cortical areas in the pygmy hipp ... | 2015 | 24852852 |
| neocortical neuron types in xenarthra and afrotheria: implications for brain evolution in mammals. | interpreting the evolution of neuronal types in the cerebral cortex of mammals requires information from a diversity of species. however, there is currently a paucity of data from the xenarthra and afrotheria, two major phylogenetic groups that diverged close to the base of the eutherian mammal adaptive radiation. in this study, we used immunohistochemistry to examine the distribution and morphology of neocortical neurons stained for nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein, calbindin, calretinin ... | 2009 | 19011898 |
| the character of sperm maturation in the epididymis of the ascrotal hyrax, procavia capensis and armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus. | | 1978 | 719095 |
| potential mechanisms for cancer resistance in elephants and comparative cellular response to dna damage in humans. | evolutionary medicine may provide insights into human physiology and pathophysiology, including tumor biology. | 2015 | 26447779 |
| generalized demodecosis in three sibling, juvenile rock hyraxes (procavia capensis). | one female and two male 4-mo-old, sibling rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) presented with severe generalized dermatitis characterized by nonpruritic, nonalopecic, mildly encrusted, focally, ulcerated pustular nodules. the dorsum, limbs, and dorsal cranium were most severely affected. skin scrapings, histopathology, and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of various life stages of a novel demodex sp. as a result of the generalized nature of infestation, treatment began with ivermec ... | 2010 | 20945649 |
| animal vocal sequences: not the markov chains we thought they were. | many animals produce vocal sequences that appear complex. most researchers assume that these sequences are well characterized as markov chains (i.e. that the probability of a particular vocal element can be calculated from the history of only a finite number of preceding elements). however, this assumption has never been explicitly tested. furthermore, it is unclear how language could evolve in a single step from a markovian origin, as is frequently assumed, as no intermediate forms have been fo ... | 2014 | 25143037 |
| wildlife population dynamics in human-dominated landscapes under community-based conservation: the example of nakuru wildlife conservancy, kenya. | wildlife conservation is facing numerous and mounting challenges on private and communal lands in africa, including in kenya. we analyze the population dynamics of 44 common wildlife species in relation to rainfall variation in the nakuru wildlife conservancy (nwc), located in the nakuru-naivasha region of kenya, based on ground total counts carried out twice each year from march 1996 to may 2015. rainfall in the region was quasi-periodic with cycle periods dependent on the rainfall component an ... | 2017 | 28103269 |
| estimating vocal repertoire size is like collecting coupons: a theoretical framework with heterogeneity in signal abundance. | vocal repertoire size is an important behavioural measure in songbirds and mammals with complex vocal communication systems, and has traditionally been used as an indicator of individual fitness, cognitive ability, and social structure. estimates of asymptotic repertoire size have typically been made using curve fitting techniques. however, the exponential model usually applied in these techniques has never been provided with a theoretical justification based on probability theory, and the model ... | 2015 | 25791282 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in rock hyraxes ( procavia capensis) imported from south africa. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes chronic, progressive, and consecutively fatal enteritis, especially in ruminants. map distribution among wildlife is not yet clear. in this study, three wild-born rock hyraxes ( procavia capensis) had been imported from south africa to a german zoological garden. during the quarantine period, four young animals were born. the wild-born animals showed symptoms of mild diarrhea shortly after their arrival in the zoological garden, but al ... | 2017 | 29297824 |
| borrelia persica infection in rock hyraxes. | tick-borne relapsing fever (tbrf) is an acute infectious disease caused by arthropod-borne spirochetes of the genus borrelia and characterized by recurrent episodes of fever. borrelia persica, the causative agent of this disease in israel, is transmitted by the argasid tick ornithodoros tholozani. there is little information about the maintenance and possible vertebrate reservoirs of b. persica in nature, but the tick o. tholozani is known to feed on animals that enter its habitat in caves, rock ... | 2017 | 29288009 |
| ecological studies on ixodes (afrixodes) matopi spickett, keirans, norval & clifford, 1980 (acarina: ixodidae). | ixodes (afrixodes) matopi occurs in association with the klipspringer (oreotragus oreotragus) in rocky areas in zimbabwe. the adult ticks are specific parasites of this antelope and the immature stages feed on klipspringers, hydraxes (procavia capensis and heterohyrax brucei) and red rock hares (pronolagus crassicaudatus). adults are active only in the wet season and prior to feeding are found on bushes growing adjacent to rocks. the ticks aggregate on twigs which have been marked with the secre ... | 1981 | 7279388 |
| the distribution of doublecortin-immunopositive cells in the brains of four afrotherian mammals: the hottentot golden mole (amblysomus hottentotus), the rock hyrax (procavia capensis), the eastern rock sengi (elephantulus myurus) and the four-toed sengi (petrodromus tetradactylus). | adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain is now a widely accepted phenomenon, typically occurring in two forebrain structures: the subgranular zone (sgz) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (svz). until recently, the majority of studies have focused on laboratory rodents, and it is under debate whether the process of adult neurogenesis occurs outside of the sgz and the svz in other mammalian species. in the present study, we investigated potential adult neurogenetic sit ... | 2014 | 25377859 |
| elaboration and innervation of the vibrissal system in the rock hyrax (procavia capensis). | mammalian tactile hairs are commonly found on specific, restricted regions of the body, but florida manatees represent a unique exception, exhibiting follicle-sinus complexes (fscs, also known as vibrissae or tactile hairs) on their entire body. the orders sirenia (including manatees and dugongs) and hyracoidea (hyraxes) are thought to have diverged approximately 60 million years ago, yet hyraxes are among the closest relatives to sirenians. we investigated the possibility that hyraxes, like man ... | 2015 | 26022696 |
| prolactin in the afrotheria: characterization of genes encoding prolactin in elephant (loxodonta africana), hyrax (procavia capensis) and tenrec (echinops telfairi). | pituitary prolactin shows an episodic pattern of molecular evolution, with occasional short bursts of rapid change imposed on a generally rather slow evolutionary rate. in mammals, episodes of rapid change occurred in the evolution of primates, cetartiodactyls, rodents and the elephant. the bursts of rapid evolution in cetartiodactyls and rodents were followed by duplications of the prolactin gene that gave rise to large families of prolactin-related proteins including placental lactogens, while ... | 2009 | 19017712 |
| nuclear organization of cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic nuclei in the brain of the eastern rock elephant shrew, elephantulus myurus. | the organization of the nuclear subdivisions of the cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems of the brain of the elephant shrew (elephantulus myurus) were determined following immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin, respectively. this was done in order to determine if differences in the nuclear organization of these systems in comparison to other mammals were evident and how any noted differences may relate to specialized be ... | 2010 | 20067831 |
| electron microscopic study of the chorioallantoic placenta of the rock hyrax (heterohyrax brucei). | the interhaemal membrane consisted of only two cellular elements: a single layer of cellular trophoblast and the fetal capillary endothelium. the hyrax is therefore one of the few mammals known to possess the cellular haemomonochorial type of placenta. the trophospongium was also cellular while the basal trophoblastic cells were strongly phagocytic. the giant multinucleate cells at the feto-maternal junction were ultrastructurally different from the trophoblast cells and showed no signs of degen ... | 1983 | 6864647 |
| the annual testicular cycle in an equatorial colony of lesser rock hyrax, heterohyrax brucei. | adult males from a colony of lesser rock hyrax found near the equator in kenya exhibited an annual cycle of testicular activity characterized by intense spermatogenesis and elevated androgen status from may to july. average masses of testes and seminal vesicles taken in these months were almost fourfold greater than those from september to january. during the months of peak testicular activity average diameters of leydig cells and seminiferous tubules were increased by approximately one half and ... | 1979 | 42922 |
| differential feeding behaviour of the sympatric hyrax procavia johnstoni and heterohyrax brucei. | 1. it has been reported that when the vegetarian bush hyrax heterohyrax and the rock hyrax procavia are allopatric they occupy an almost identical niche, while when sympatric they differ in feeding behaviour. to investigate whether indeed a displacement in feeding behaviour takes place where procavia johnstoni and heterohyrax brucei occur sympatrically, the feeding characteristics of three (two h. brucei, one p. johnstoni)allopatric family groups and four (two of each species) sympatric family g ... | 1975 | 28308931 |
| regulation of body temperature in the rock hyrax, heterohyrax brucei. | | 1971 | 5545567 |
| neocortical neuron morphology in afrotheria: comparing the rock hyrax with the african elephant. | the mammalian neocortex contains a great variety of neuronal types. in particular, recent studies have shown substantial morphological diversity among spiny projecting neurons in species that diverged close to the base of the mammalian radiation (e.g., monotremes, afrotherians, and xenarthrans). here, we used a golgi technique to examine different neuronal morphologies in an afrotherian species, the rock hyrax (procavia capensis), and provide a comparison with the related african elephant (loxod ... | 2011 | 21534991 |
| climatic controls on later stone age human adaptation in africa's southern cape. | africa's southern cape is a key region for the evolution of our species, with early symbolic systems, marine faunal exploitation, and episodic production of microlithic stone tools taken as evidence for the appearance of distinctively complex human behavior. however, the temporally discontinuous nature of this evidence precludes ready assumptions of intrinsic adaptive benefit, and has encouraged diverse explanations for the occurrence of these behaviors, in terms of regional demographic, social ... | 2018 | 29447760 |
| sociality affects rem sleep episode duration under controlled laboratory conditions in the rock hyrax,procavia capensis. | the rock hyrax,procavia capensis, is a highly social, diurnal mammal. in the current study several physiologically measurable parameters of sleep, as well as the accompanying behavior, were recorded continuously from five rock hyraxes, for 72 h under solitary (experimental animal alone in the recording chamber), and social conditions (experimental animal with 1 or 2 additional, non-implanted animals in the recording chamber). the results revealed no significant differences between solitary and s ... | 2017 | 29201001 |
| pathology in practice. trichofolliculoma (ruptured) and secondary pyogranulomatous furunculosis in a rock hyrax. | | 2017 | 28703675 |
| the progression pattern of male hyrax songs and the role of climactic ending. | the study of animal vocal signals can either focus on the properties of distinct vocal elements or address the signal as a whole. although some attention has been given to the continuous progression patterns of bird songs, such patterns in mammalian vocalisations have been largely overlooked. we examined temporal changes in structural and acoustic parameters in male rock hyrax songs. we found a gradual increase in call frequency and amplitude towards the song ending, as well as an abrupt increas ... | 2017 | 28584250 |
| life on the rocks: multilocus phylogeography of rock hyrax (procavia capensis) from southern africa. | understanding the role of geography and climatic cycles in determining patterns of biodiversity is important in comparative and evolutionary biology and conservation. we studied the phylogeographic pattern and historical demography of a rock-dwelling small mammal species from southern africa, the rock hyrax procavia capensis capensis. using a multilocus coalescent approach, we assessed the influence of strong habitat dependence and fluctuating regional climates on genetic diversity. we sequenced ... | 2017 | 28411160 |
| benzophenone and fimetarone derivatives from the coprophilous fungus delitschia confertaspora. | studies of the genome-sequenced, flutimide-producing coprophilous fungus delitschia confertaspora (atcc 74209), originally obtained from a sample of rock hyrax (procavia capensis) dung collected in namibia, led to the discovery of three new highly aromatic natural products named delicoferones a-b (1-2) and fimetarone b (3). the new benzophenone derivatives 1 and 2 have a somewhat unusual skeleton that incorporates three aromatic rings linked via two ketone carbonyl groups, while 3 contains a spi ... | 2017 | 28128947 |
| uterine adenomyosis and an endometrial polyp in a rock hyrax (procavia capensis). | an 8-yr-old nulliparous, female rock hyrax ( procavia capensis ) had intermittent mucoid to bloody discharge late winter-early spring for two consecutive years. fragments of necrotic tissue, suspected to be vaginal or rectal in origin, were passed on two occasions. physical examination, radiographs, and ultrasound did not identify the source of the tissue. exploratory laparotomy and ovariohysterectomy were performed. on histopathology, a diagnosis of adenomyosis with a uterine polyp was made. po ... | 2016 | 28080921 |
| experimental elevation of wildlife testosterone using silastic tube implants. | testosterone (t) is a key androgen that mediates vertebrate molecular, cellular, and behavioral processes. its manipulation is therefore of interest to a vast number of researchers studying animal behavior and reproduction, among others. here, the usage of silastic implants across wildlife species is reviewed, and a method to manipulate rock hyrax (procavia capensis) testosterone levels using silastic implants is presented. using a series of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, the secretion patter ... | 2016 | 27663363 |
| golgi analysis of neuron morphology in the presumptive somatosensory cortex and visual cortex of the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris). | the current study investigates neuron morphology in presumptive primary somatosensory (s1) and primary visual (v1) cortices of the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) as revealed by golgi impregnation. sirenians, including manatees, have an aquatic lifestyle, a large body size, and a relatively large lissencephalic brain. the present study examines neuron morphology in 3 cortical areas: in s1, dorsolateral cortex area 1 (dl1) and cluster cortex area 2 (cl2) and in v1, dorsolateral c ... | 2016 | 27166161 |
| use of deslorelin acetate implants to control aggression in a multi-male group of rock hyrax (procavia capensis). | aggression among male animals can be difficult to manage in captive populations, and several strategies including separation, castration, and behavioral modification have been used with varying degrees of success. many aggression issues are normal sequela from hormonal fluctuations occurring when an animal reaches sexual maturity or during the breeding season, and multi-male groups can be especially problematic as the individuals vie for dominance. in this case, aggression in an all-male group o ... | 2016 | 27142595 |
| a retrospective study of pathologic findings in captive rock hyrax (procavia capensis) in the united states. | a retrospective examination of gross and histologic reports was performed to find common lesions in young and adult captive rock hyrax ( procavia capensis ) from multiple zoo populations. one hundred and thirty-seven reports were analyzed from specimens that were submitted to northwest zoopath from 1997 to 2013. histologic findings from necropsy and biopsy reports and causes of mortality only from necropsy reports were compiled to determine the most common findings. within the study population, ... | 2015 | 26667536 |
| hypercalcemia and metastatic mineralization involving footpads in rock hyraxes (procavia capensis). | three rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) maintained in a zoological collection had chronic hypercalcemia and azotemia. in addition, all animals displayed signs of lameness due to footpad lesions that were histologically characterized as marked metastatic mineralization with granulomatous inflammation, reminiscent of calcinosis circumscripta. although the animals were managed with aggressive fluid therapy, calciuresis, and dietary modification, all were eventually humanely euthanized due to the sev ... | 2015 | 26352962 |
| nuclear organization of the rock hyrax (procavia capensis) amygdaloid complex. | the current study details the nuclear organization of the rock hyrax amygdaloid complex using both nissl and myelin stains, along with a range of immunohistochemical stains. the rock hyrax appears to be the least derived of the afrotherians, a group with a huge range of body phenotypes, life histories and specialized behaviours, brain sizes, and ecological niches. in this sense, the rock hyrax represents a species where the organization of the amygdaloid complex may be reflective of that in stem ... | 2016 | 26260059 |
| population management of rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) in residential areas. | frequent reports of rock hyrax (procavia capensis) invasions in residential areas prompted an investigation of this problem in order to identify possible solutions. from these reports, problem areas in south africa were identified, and sites within the free state province were selected for this study. at these sites, rock hyrax populations demonstrate an unusual annual increase. this increase has led to a food and habitat shortage, forcing individuals into residential areas in search of addition ... | 2015 | 24899114 |
| a jurassic mammaliaform and the earliest mammalian evolutionary adaptations. | the earliest evolution of mammals and origins of mammalian features can be traced to the mammaliaforms of the triassic and jurassic periods that are extinct relatives to living mammals. here we describe a new fossil from the middle jurassic that has a mandibular middle ear, a gradational transition of thoracolumbar vertebrae and primitive ankle features, but highly derived molars with a high crown and multiple roots that are partially fused. the upper molars have longitudinal cusp rows that occl ... | 2013 | 23925238 |
| syntactic structure and geographical dialects in the songs of male rock hyraxes. | few mammalian species produce vocalizations that are as richly structured as bird songs, and this greatly restricts the capacity for information transfer. syntactically complex mammalian vocalizations have been previously studied only in primates, cetaceans and bats. we provide evidence of complex syntactic vocalizations in a small social mammal: the rock hyrax (procavia capensis: hyracoidea). we adopted three algorithms, commonly used in genetic sequence analysis and information theory, to exam ... | 2012 | 22513862 |
| sleep in the rock hyrax, procavia capensis. | we investigated sleep in therock hyrax, procavia capensis, a social mammal that typically lives in colonies on rocky outcrops throughout most parts of southern africa. the sleep of 5 wild-captured, adult rock hyraxes was recorded continuously for 72 h using telemetric relay of signals and allowing unimpeded movement. in addition to waking, slow wave sleep (sws) and an unambiguous rapid eye movement (rem) state, a sleep state termed somnus innominatus (si), characterized by low-voltage, high-freq ... | 2012 | 22301688 |
| do singing rock hyraxes exploit conspecific calls to gain attention? | signal detection theory predicts that signals directed at distant or busy receivers in noisy backgrounds will begin with an alert component, in order to draw attention. instead of an alert component, however, animals could get the same effect by using an external stimulus. here we combined observations of free-living rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) with playback experiments to elucidate the circumstances under which males begin singing. we show that males sing following hyrax pup screams, which ... | 2011 | 22163045 |
| variance in centrality within rock hyrax social networks predicts adult longevity. | in communal mammals the levels of social interaction among group members vary considerably. in recent years, biologists have realized that within-group interactions may affect survival of the group members. several recent studies have demonstrated that the social integration of adult females is positively associated with infant survival, and female longevity is affected by the strength and stability of the individual social bonds. our aim was to determine the social factors that influence adult ... | 2011 | 21818314 |
| nuclear organization and morphology of cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the brain of the rock hyrax, procavia capensis. | the nuclear subdivisions of the cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems within the brain of the rock hyrax (procavia capensis) were identified following immunohistochemistry for acetylcholinesterase, tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin. the aim of the present study was to investigate possible differences in the complement of nuclear subdivisions of these systems by comparing those of the rock hyrax to published studies of other mammals. the rock hyrax belongs to the order ... | 2009 | 19559986 |
| morphology of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in the cape hyrax. | the dorsal lingual surfaces of four adult cape hyraxes (procavia capensis) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem). filiform, fungiform and foliate papillae were observed. the lingual body had lingual torus on the posterior third. in the lateral sides of the tongue large fungiform papillae were observed and in the lateral sides of the torus very developmental foliate papillae were observed. many fungiform papillae were observed in the ventral surface of the lingual apex. no vallate p ... | 2008 | 18833909 |
| light and scanning electron microscopic study on the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores of the cape hyrax procavia capensis. | we examined the epithelial surface and connective tissue cores (ctcs) of each lingual papilla on the paenungulata, cape hyrax (procavia capensis), by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. the tongue consisted of a lingual apex, lingual body and lingual root. filiform, fungiform and foliate papillae were observed on the dorsal surface of the tongue; however, fungiform papillae were quite diminished on the lingual prominence. moreover, no clearly distinguishable vallate papillae were ... | 2008 | 18713236 |
| social status and cortisol levels in singing rock hyraxes. | many mammals use acoustic signals to communicate with conspecifics. rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) are social mammals whose vocal communication is usually restricted to quiet sounds used between nearby individuals. loud repetitive warning trills are an exception. in our study site, a third of the adult male hyraxes also produces a rich, complex and loud vocalization we term 'singing'. in this study, we examine whether singers, which are more conspicuous by the act of singing, have higher corti ... | 2008 | 18423638 |
| elevated testosterone levels and social ranks in female rock hyrax. | in mammals, males maintain significantly higher testosterone (t, 'the male hormone') levels than females throughout the year and are typically dominant over females. our study of the cooperatively breeding rock hyrax (procavia capensis) demonstrated a distinct exception. in most hyrax social groups that we studied, adult females were at the highest social rank within the group and showed higher than or equal t levels to males. to our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of adult female ... | 2006 | 16313907 |
| seasonal patterns in body temperature of free-living rock hyrax (procavia capensis). | rock hyrax (procavia capensis) are faced with large daily fluctuations in ambient temperature during summer and winter. in this study, peritoneal body temperature of free-living rock hyrax was investigated. during winter, when low ambient temperatures and food supply prevail, rock hyrax maintained a lower core body temperature relative to summer. in winter body temperatures during the day were more variable than at night. this daytime variability is likely a result of body temperatures being rai ... | 2006 | 16309938 |
| pancreatic islet fibrosis in rock hyraxes (procavia capensis), part 1: case histories, clinical pathology, and epizootiology. | two adult female rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) at the dallas zoo were confirmed with spontaneous diabetes mellitus from 1997-2000, whereas a third animal with a similar clinical presentation never became hyperglycemic. the pancreas in all three animals showed pancreatic islet fibrosis (pif). retrospective examination of medical records for rock hyraxes acquired by this collection or born into it from 1991-2002 identified eight more animals affected with pie all affected animals, including thr ... | 2004 | 15526892 |