| congenital unilateral aotus in a black rhinoceros diceros bicornis bicornis (linn., 1758). | | 1978 | 702515 |
| trypanosomiasis in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis linnaeus, 1758). | a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) moved from a tsetse-free to a tsetse-infested area in kenya was monitored for two months following translocation. the animal acquired a trypanosoma vivax infection from natural tsetse challenge, but survived without requiring treatment with trypanocides. the infection was characterised by moderately high parasitaemia, with symptoms of anaemia, leukopaenia and thrombocytopaenia. although confirmed to be t. vivax through deoxyribonucleic acid hybridisation and ... | 1992 | 1305862 |
| total parenteral nutrition in a premature rhinoceros calf. | a female black rhinoceros calf developed significant hypoglycemia (blood glucose, 30 mg/dl) and hypothermia (97 degrees f) within 48 hours of birth and refused to nurse. normal gestation of the black rhinoceros is 15 months, but elongated hoof slippers and low birth weight (30 kg) suggested prematurity in this calf. clinical symptoms of neonatal sepsis including lassitude and poor sucking continued in spite of the aggressive use of antibiotics, and the calf required mechanical ventilatory suppor ... | 1991 | 1775115 |
| reproductive parameters in free-ranging female black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in zimbabwe. | samples and data were collected from twenty-eight female black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) during translocation efforts carried out by the department of national parks and wildlife management in zimbabwe. biological data were collected, cytological examination of vaginal smears was performed, and serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, oestriol, and 17-beta-oestradiol were determined by radio-immuno-assay. prolactin levels were determined for ... | 1991 | 1905002 |
| comparison of growth characteristics of anaerobic fungi isolated from ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores during cultivation in a defined medium. | anaerobic fungi were isolated from rumen fluid of a domestic sheep (ovis aries; a ruminant) and from faeces of five non-ruminants: african elephant (loxodonta africana), black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis), indian rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis), indian elephant (elephas maximus) and mara (dolichotis patagonum). the anaerobic fungus isolated from the sheep was a neocallimastix species and the isolates from non-ruminants were all species similar to piromyces spp. a defined medium is described w ... | 1991 | 1919514 |
| partial purification and characterization of rhinoceros gonadotropins, growth hormone, and prolactin: comparison with the horse and sheep. | the rhinoceros is an endangered species related to the horse family. little is known of its reproductive endocrinology. the objectives of this study were to partially purify rhinoceros pituitary hormones, determine which assays could be used for their assessment, and to ascertain whether rhinoceros lh possesses the intrinsic fsh activity of equine lh. a single pituitary each from a white (1.3 g) and a black (1.2 g) rhinoceros was homogenized and extracted (ph 9.5), then subjected to ph and salt ... | 1991 | 2015356 |
| beta-globin chain hemoglobin polymorphism and hemoglobin stability in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | to evaluate the syndrome of acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), the hemoglobin of this species was evaluated by use of isopropanol- and heat-stability tests and was further characterized by electrophoretic studies. samples were obtained from 22 apparently healthy captive north american black rhinoceroses, though 3 of the study animals had survived previous hemolytic events, and 3 others were parents of 3 offspring that had suffered hemolysis. the easter ... | 1990 | 2337282 |
| some properties of pineal gland hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase from black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | pineal glands were obtained from two young female black rhinoceri that had died as a result of postcapture trauma during a translocation exercise. hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase (hiomt) from these pineal glands showed a peak activity at ph 8.2, although high activity extended over a fairly wide ph range (7.8-8.4). n-acetylserotonin was the best hydroxyindolic substrate for the enzyme, although other hydroxyindoles were methylated, the relative affinities being similar to values previously rep ... | 1990 | 2338611 |
| the use of flumethrin pour-on for de-ticking black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) prior to translocation in zimbabwe. | the use of flumethrin pour-on in 1.0% and 0.5% concentrations for the purpose of de-ticking black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) prior to translocation is reported. both formulations achieved a high level of efficacy within 8 to 12 h following treatment. the 0.5% formulation was found to be more suitable than the 1.0% for use on the dry, hairless skin of the rhinoceros because the increased dose volume resulted in more rapid spreading. | 1989 | 2487728 |
| antibody to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild mammals from southern africa. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is becoming increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen in southern africa. in order to determine the role of wild mammals in the natural ecology of the virus, sera from 3,772 wild mammals of 87 species and from 1,978 domestic dogs collected in south africa and zimbabwe between 1964 and 1985 were tested for antibody to cchf virus by reversed passive hemagglutination inhibition (rphi) and by indirect immunofluorescence (if). antibody was fou ... | 1987 | 3101526 |
| a new family, genus, and seven new species of entodiniomorphida (protozoa) from the gut of african rhinoceros. | this report deals with a group of ciliated protozoa with short ciliary bands found mainly in the cecum of black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis (linnaeus, 1758), and white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum (burchell, 1817) from southern africa. a new genus, rhinozeta, based on the sum total of the characteristics of seven new related species is described. the species described are r. rhinozeta n. sp., r. triciliata n. sp., r. caecalis n. sp., r. addoensis n. sp., r. cristata n. sp., r. multiplatus n. ... | 1988 | 3130481 |
| afrotropical culicoides: a redescription of c. (avaritia) kanagai khamala & kettle, 1971, reared from elephant dung in the kruger national park, south africa. | the discovery of culicoides kanagai in south africa represents a new record for this species. the female is redescribed, and the male is described for the first time. culicoides (a.) dasyops clastrier, 1958 is shown to be closely related to it but c. (a.) alticola is only superficially related. short notes on the larval habitat of c. kanagai, the dung of the african elephant, loxodonta africana, are given. the dung of both the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum, and the black rhinoceros, dice ... | 1987 | 3444613 |
| acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in the black rhinoceros: hematologic and immunohematologic observations. | to investigate the syndrome of acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis), laboratory techniques used in the differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemias were performed on blood samples from 6 black rhinoceroses: 3 nonrelated healthy rhinoceroses, 1 rhinoceros with iron deficiency anemia, and 2 rhinoceroses with intravascular hemolysis. osmotic fragility, erythrocyte membrane protein composition, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and hemoglobin stability did not dis ... | 1986 | 3729133 |
| salmonella infection in the african elephant and the black rhinoceros. | | 1972 | 4601712 |
| mycobacteriosis in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis linnaeus 1758). | | 1973 | 4787764 |
| clinicopathologic correlations of tuberculosis in large zoo mammals. | in august 1978, a black rhinoceros at the national zoological park died with generalized tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis. a 2nd black rhinoceros was euthanatized 9 months after m bovis was cultured from its lungs. after these 2 deaths, numerous large zoo mammals that had been potentially exposed were subjected to various procedures to ascertain their status regarding tuberculosis. the procedures were: intradermal tuberculin testing, evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction on b ... | 1981 | 7035420 |
| survey for trypanosomes in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | blood samples were taken from 39 black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis), usually soon after they were captured. the blood was examined microscopically for trypanosomes, and most samples were tested for trypanosome serum antibodies and inoculated into small laboratory animals. serum antibodies were found in most animals and trypanosomes identified as trypanosoma brucei were found in 7 of 39 (18%) of the rhinoceros. berenil (diminazene aceturate) did not effect complete elimination of trypanosomes. i ... | 1981 | 7338981 |
| bacteriologic survey of black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a bacteriological survey was carried out on 30 black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) of which 23 were newly captured and seven were captive. a beta haemolytic streptococcus, group l was found in skin lesions and various wounds, causing septicaemia and death in two animals. staphylococcus aureus was found in 3 rhinoceros, and caused the death of one. the bacteria isolated often proved resistant to penicillin. streptomycin is recommended for treatment. sixteen other bacteria sp. were isolated, and a ... | 1980 | 7463599 |
| production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes during growth of anaerobic fungi from ruminant and nonruminant herbivores on different substrates. | three anaerobic fungi, two neocallimastix strains isolated from a ruminant (sheep) and one piromyces strain isolated from a nonruminant (black rhinoceros), were tested for their ability to ferment a range of substrates. bagasse, filter paper cellulose, fructose, and wheat straw were good inducers of celluloytic and xylanolytic enzymes. these enzymes were produced constitutively by all three strains, although enzyme activities were generally lower, especially for both neocallimastix strains, afte ... | 1993 | 8323259 |
| dermacentor rhinocerinus (denny 1843) (acari: ixodida: ixodidae): redescription of the male, female and nymph and first description of the larva. | presented is a diagnosis of the male, female and nymph of dermacentor rhinocerinus, and the 1st description of the larval stage. adult dermacentor rhinocerinus parasitize both the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, and the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum. although various other large mammals have been recorded as hosts for d. rhinocerinus, only the 2 species of rhinoceros are primary hosts for adults in various areas of east, central and southern africa. adults collected from vegetation i ... | 1993 | 8332318 |
| acute episodic hemolysis in the african black rhinoceros as an analogue of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. | sudden episodes of massive hemolysis have become the most common cause of death among captive black rhinoceroses, and there is evidence that they occur in the wild as well. we have observed radically unique enzyme and metabolite profiles in normal rhinoceros erythrocytes compared to humans and other mammals, including marked deficiencies of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (atp), catalase, adenosine deaminase, and other enzymes involved in glycolysis, glutathione cycling, and nucleotide meta ... | 1993 | 8416295 |
| quarantine requirements for the importation of black rhinoceros from zimbabwe into australia. | the proposal by the zoological parks board of new south wales to import 10 southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from zimbabwe as part of an international project for conservation of the species presented the australian quarantine and inspection service (aqis) with a unique challenge. this importation is, at least in the modern era, the first importation of live herbivores from the african continent. many of the serious animal diseases in the world are endemic in parts of africa. knowledg ... | 1995 | 8599567 |
| the importation of the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from zimbabwe into australia. | the paper describes a program to import and breed black rhinoceros ex situ at western plains zoo in australia. nine rhinoceros (7 females and 2 males) captured in 1992 in chete national park, zimbabwe, were transported to australia via cocos island. the veterinary treatment of the animals before and during quarantine in zimbabwe and on cocos (keeling) islands is described. three animals died; an adult male on cocos islands and a juvenile male and an adult female at western plains zoo, dubbo, new ... | 1995 | 8599568 |
| myocardial purkinje degeneration and necrosis with fibrosis in free-ranging black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in zimbabwe. | degeneration and necrosis of purkinje fibers with fibrosis around purkinje fibers were found in the hearts of three adult black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in zimbabwe in 1989 and 1990, among 38 animals examined from 1988 to 1994. causes of death were not apparently related to these changes, nor was there evidence of heart failure. the etiology of these changes is unknown. | 1996 | 8722281 |
| helminths and arthropods of black and white rhinoceroses in southern africa. | helminths and arthropods were collected and quantified from two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis bicornis) and one white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), and ticks from an additional four black and two white rhinoceroses in southern africa. the helminths of a black rhinoceros from the republic of south africa and one from namibia were quantitatively measured and recorded for each compartment of the alimentary tract. probstmayria vivipara was the most abundant parasite in each animal. a rece ... | 1997 | 9249695 |
| extracts of rhinoceros horn are not antipyretic in rabbits. | we administered extracts of the horn of the african black rhinoceros intragastrically to 7 rabbits, at the same time as injecting bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) intravenously into the rabbits to produce fever. at a dose of horn (50 mg/kg) similar to that allegedly used to reduce human fever, and at ten times that dose, the fever response to lps was not significantly different (p > 0.05, t-test) to the response to lps injection when boiled water was administered instead of horn extract. the k ... | 1997 | 9363565 |
| salmonellosis in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (formerly known as salmonella arizonae) was diagnosed in three of five captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) at the denver zoological gardens. two of the three animals died despite supportive treatment. the other two rhinoceroses remained asymptomatic and were negative for salmonella spp. after serial fecal cultures. the source for the salmonellosis was never identified. | 1997 | 9365944 |
| vesicular and ulcerative dermatopathy resembling superficial necrolytic dermatitis in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | the histopathology, clinical presentation, and epidemiology of a cutaneous and oral mucosal disease affecting 40 black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) at 21 zoological parks (50% of the captive us population) were investigated. twenty-seven biopsies were examined from recent lesions, and clinical information was available from 127 episodes. the cutaneous lesions began as plaques that progressed to vesicles, bullae, or ulcers. lesions waxed and waned in individual cases. lesions were predominantl ... | 1998 | 9545133 |
| the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea, bovine herpes virus 1, rift valley fever, ephemeral fever and bluetongue and to leptospira sp in free-ranging wildlife in zimbabwe. | the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd), bovine herpes virus typel (bhv1), rift valley fever (rvf), bovine ephemeral fever (bef) and bluetongue (bt) and to leptospira sp. was determined in wildlife populations in zimbabwe. evidence of infection with bvd virus was found in 14 of the 16 species examined but was greatest in eland taurotragus oryx, nyala tragelaphus angasi and bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus. persistent infection with bvd virus was found in 1 of 303 a ... | 1998 | 9825798 |
| characterization of a species-specific repetitive dna from a highly endangered wild animal, rhinoceros unicornis, and assessment of genetic polymorphism by microsatellite associated sequence amplification (masa). | we have cloned and sequenced a 906bp ecori repeat dna fraction from rhinoceros unicornis genome. the contig pss(r)2 is at rich with 340 a (37.53%), 187 c (20.64%), 173 g (19.09%) and 206 t (22.74%). the sequence contains malt box, nf-e1, poly-a signal, lariat consensus sequences, tata box, translational initiation sequences and several stop codons. translation of the contig showed seven different types of protein motifs, among which, egf-like domain cysteine pattern signatures and bowman-birk se ... | 1999 | 10072756 |
| salmonella spp. survey of captive rhinoceroses in u.s. zoological institutions and private ranches. | a survey was mailed to 72 institutions in the usa requesting information on salmonella spp. cultures in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum), and indian rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis). sixty-one institutions responded (85% return rate), with seven reporting positive cultures (11% prevalence rate; 10% if survey nonresponders had negative cultures). there were 17 positive cultures from 16 different animals, with nine different serotypes of salmonella ... | 1999 | 10572861 |
| effects of translocation on hematologic parameters of free-ranging black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli) in kenya. | management of the endangered black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli) in africa frequently involves translocation. these procedures are not without risk, and protocols must be critically examined. hematologic analyses can be used to evaluate the effects of translocation on animal health. hematologic data obtained during routine translocation of free ranging black rhinoceros (n = 74) in kenya between 1991 and 1995 were examined, and subsets of data from rhinoceros (n = 43) that were transloca ... | 1999 | 10572862 |
| idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome in seven black rhinoceros. | idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome (ihvs) was diagnosed in 7 black rhinoceros; this newly described syndrome is characterized by severe body swelling in conjunction with a rapid and profound decrease in hct. the disorder may be acute or chronic, may recur, and is potentially fatal. five of the rhinoceros survived an initial episode of ihvs, and 2 of these 5 survived a recurrent episode of ihvs. two rhinoceros died during treatment of ihvs. treatment protocols varied, but all 7 rhinocer ... | 2000 | 10649760 |
| fungal pneumonia in a captive black rhinoceros. | a captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) with a hoof abscess was treated with long-term antibiotic therapy. after 9 months of treatment, there was rapid deterioration, marked weight loss and reluctance to stand. profuse, bilateral epistaxis developed accompanied by collapse and the animal was euthanased. necropsy revealed pulmonary aspergillosis with concurrent pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. though a well-recognized disease of black rhinoceros, fungal pneumonia has not been reported in t ... | 1999 | 10685163 |
| serosurvey for selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging black and white rhinoceros in africa. | two hundred and eighty one serum samples collected from free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white (ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros, in the republic of south africa (rsa), namibia, and kenya from 1987-97, were examined for antibody to 16 different infectious agents. positive antibody titers were detected against akabane (59.8%), bluetongue (55%), african horse sickness (27.9%), epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (19.4%), parainfluenza type 3 (25.3%), bovine herpes virus 1 (3.1%), equine ... | 2000 | 10813614 |
| a generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species. | noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid analysis has tremendous potential as a means of assessing stress associated with environmental disturbance in wildlife. however, interspecific variation in excreted glucocorticoid metabolites requires careful selection of the antibody used in their quantification. we compared four antibodies for detecting the major fecal cortisol metabolites in yellow baboons following (3)h cortisol administration, acth challenge, and hplc separation of fecal glucocorticoid metab ... | 2000 | 11121291 |
| ultrasonographic characterization of ovarian events and fetal gestational parameters in two southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) and correlation to fecal progesterone. | a tremendous potential exists for the application of transrectal ultrasonography as a tool to enhance the captive management of endangered species. reproductive study of two southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) females was performed daily to every other day for a approximately 60 day period to document ovarian changes, and three times weekly in early pregnancy to once monthly in late pregnancy in order to characterize changes in fetal parameters throughout gestation. all ovarian an ... | 2001 | 11322232 |
| the hhfe gene of browsing and grazing rhinoceroses: a possible site of adaptation to a low-iron diet. | when rhinoceros species that are browsers in the wild are fed in captivity they become iron overloaded. presumably, their iron-absorptive mechanisms have evolved to become highly efficient. in humans, mutations of the hfe gene cause increased iron absorption. to determine whether the hfe gene of rhinoceroses has undergone mutation as an adaptive mechanism to improve iron absorption from iron-poor diets, we have sequenced the entire coding region of the hfe genes of four species of rhinoceros. tw ... | 2001 | 11358396 |
| fat soluble vitamins in blood and tissues of free-ranging and captive rhinoceros. | several disease syndromes in captive rhinoceroses have been linked to low vitamin status. blood samples from captive and free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and tissue samples of captive individuals from four rhinoceros species were analysed for vitamins a and e. circulating vitamin a levels measured as retinol for free-ranging versus captive black and white rhinoceros were 0.04 (+/- 0.03 sd) vs. 0.08 (+/- 0.08) and 0.07 (+/- 0.04) vs. 0.06 (+/- 0.02) ... | 2002 | 12038140 |
| non-invasive assessment of oestrous cycles and evaluation of reproductive seasonality in the female wild black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | female wild black rhinoceroses in zimbabwe were monitored non-invasively using faecal progesterone metabolite analysis and observation of reproductive behaviour. a postpartum period of reproductive inactivity of at least 4 months, followed by a period of 4-7 months of oestrous cyclicity, was detected in six multiparous females. three-quarters of the oestrous cycles (n = 21) had a total duration (mean +/- sem) of 26.8 +/- 1 days. other types of cycle were characterized either by an extended lutea ... | 2002 | 12052242 |
| [the stability of progesterone in feces of different wild animal species kept in a zoological garden]. | methodical investigations were carried out to monitor especially in what respect external factors (dry mass of faeces, time point of freezing, duration of storage of the frozen samples, multiple defrosting of the samples) influence the progesterone concentration of the faeces of several wild animal species (baringo giraffe, black rhinoceros, dama gazelle, mountain goat) living in a zoological garden. with reference to one animal species the dry mass of the faeces showed only small variations. th ... | 2002 | 12073499 |
| rectal prolapse associated with a healed pelvic fracture in a pregnant free-ranging african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). part 2: surgery and necropsy. | the oedematous and traumatised protruding section of the rectal tissue of an adult free-ranging female african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was surgically amputated. immediately before completion of surgery, the rhinoceros died of anaesthetic-related cardiac arrest. at necropsy a deformed pelvis and sacrum associated with a healed fracture of the left ileal wing were noted. new bone formation in and around the left ventral sacral foramina may have resulted in neuropathy of particularly th ... | 2001 | 12219923 |
| human exposure following mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a metropolitan zoo. | from 1997 to 2000, mycobacterium tuberculosis was diagnosed in two asian elephants (elephas maximus), three rocky mountain goats (oreamnos americanus), and one black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) in the los angeles zoo. dna fingerprint patterns suggested recent transmission. an investigation found no active cases of tuberculosis in humans; however, tuberculin skin-test conversions in humans were associated with training elephants and attending an elephant necropsy. | 2002 | 12453358 |
| development of a dna marker by minisatellite associated sequence amplification (masa) from the endangered indian rhino (rhinoceros unicornis). | rhinoceroses are highly endangered species and their protection warrants immediate remedial measures. development of dna markers is envisaged to complement global efforts of the conservation of these extant animals. minisatellite associated sequence amplification (masa) of dna from indian rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis) and three sub-species of south african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was carried out using a primer based on consensus sequence of the minisatellite repeat locus 33.15. s ... | 2003 | 12628586 |
| babesia bicornis sp. nov. and theileria bicornis sp. nov.: tick-borne parasites associated with mortality in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a novel babesia species, designated babesia bicornis sp. nov., was identified in three black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) that died in wildlife areas in tanzania and south africa. screening of black rhinoceroses in south africa revealed, in addition to b. bicornis, a second parasite, designated theileria bicornis sp. nov. | 2003 | 12734294 |
| leptospira infection in two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli). | two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli) developed clinical leptospirosis without hemolytic crises. the first rhinoceros presented with peracute depression, anorexia, rear leg trembling, dysuria, glucosuria, gastrointestinal discomfort, and decreased fecal output and died within 12 hr. necropsy and histopathology revealed lesions within multiple organs. leptospirosis was diagnosed postmortem based on positive fluorescent antibody staining of liver. the second rhinoceros presented 2 mo ... | 2001 | 12785703 |
| species identification of rhinoceros horns using the cytochrome b gene. | material suspected of originating from species of rhinoceros is frequently seized by forensic organizations investigating trade in endangered species. at present identification of the species is possible by dna sequencing of the material, such as powdered rhinoceros horns. the unambiguous identification of rhino products using a 402 bp fragment of cytochrome b gene was investigated. this dna sequence may not only assist in the identification of the unknown sample, but can be used to determine th ... | 2003 | 12969614 |
| observations on the pathology of lesions associated with stephanofilaria dinniki round, 1964 from the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | | 1964 | 14125101 |
| cross-species chromosome painting in the perissodactyla: delimitation of homologous regions in burchell's zebra (equus burchellii) and the white (ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | conserved chromosomal segments in the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis (dbi, 2n = 84), and its african sister-species the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum (csi, 2n = 82), were detected using burchell's zebra (equus burchellii, ebu, 2n = 44) chromosome-specific painting probes supplemented by a subset of those developed for the horse (equus caballus, eca, 2n = 64). in total 41 and 42 conserved autosomal segments were identified in c. simum and d. bicornis respectively. only 21 rearrangemen ... | 2003 | 15004472 |
| elevated free tyrosine in rhinoceros erythrocytes. | red blood cells of african black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) are highly sensitive to oxidant-induced hemolysis and they possess a number of enzymatic and biochemical features that differ radically from other mammals. here we show concentrations of free tyrosine in rhinoceros red blood cells which can approach levels as high as 1 mm, 50-fold higher than in human red blood cells. elevated levels of tyrosine are also observed in red blood cells of other members of the order perissodactyla such ... | 2004 | 15165577 |
| vaccine-induced protection against anthrax in cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | institution of a policy of vaccination in endangered species with a vaccine not previously administered to it cannot be undertaken lightly. this applies even more in the case of cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) with their unusually monomorphic gene pool and the potential restrictions this places on their immune responses. however, the recently observed mortalities from anthrax in these animals in the etosha national park, namibia, made it imperative to evaluate vaccination. black rhinoceros (diceros b ... | 2004 | 15308358 |
| comparative studies of mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in four captive rhinoceros species. | cellular immune function in four rhinoceros species was evaluated by way of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation responses to mitogenic and antigenic stimuli to establish normative data on white blood cell activity for each species and to identify species-specific differences that might help explain the predisposition of black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) to disease. a cross section of the u.s. rhinoceros population encompassing all four captive species was sampled, including the sumatran rhinoc ... | 2004 | 15732584 |
| genetic variation and population structure in remnant populations of black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, in africa. | black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) are one of the most endangered mammal species in africa, with a population decline of more than 96% by the end of the last century. habitat destruction and encroachment has resulted in fragmentation of the remaining populations. to assist in conservation management, baseline information is provided here on relative genetic diversity and population differentiation among the four remaining recognized subspecies. using microsatellite data from nine loci and 121 b ... | 2005 | 16101768 |
| macromineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) compared with the domestic horse. | | 2006 | 16772484 |
| digestion coefficients achieved by the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis), a large browsing hindgut fermenter. | in contrast to the grazing white (c. simum) and indian (r. unicornis) rhinoceros, the black rhinoceros (d. bicornis) is an exclusive browser. due to the particular fermentation characteristics of browse, one would expect browsers to display both shorter ingesta retention times and lower digestion coefficients on comparable diets than grazers. in order to generate a database to test this hypothesis, we performed digestibility studies in eight black rhinoceroses (d. bicornis) from three zoological ... | 2006 | 16867078 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and the production of rhinoceros ifn-gamma specific antibodies. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park (knp). in addition to buffalo, mycobacterium bovis has been found in at least 14 other mammalian species in south africa, including kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), chacma baboon (papio ursinus) and lion (panthera leo). this has raised concern about the spillover into other potentially susceptible species like rhinoceros, thus jeopardising breeding and relocation projects aiming at the conservat ... | 2007 | 17118460 |
| mineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) as compared with the domestic horse. | to test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), we investigated the apparent absorption (aa) of macro- and microminerals in eight black rhinoceroses from three zoological institutions in a total of 32 feeding trials with total faecal collection, with additional data from three unpublished studies (18 feeding trials). feeds and faeces were analysed for ca, p, mg, na, k, fe, mn, cu, zn and co. the resu ... | 2007 | 17516940 |
| assisted reproduction in female rhinoceros and elephants--current status and future perspective. | over the last few decades, rhinoceroses and elephants became important icons in the saga of wildlife conservation. recent surveys estimate the wild asian (elephas maximus) and african (loxodonta africana) elephant populations to be, at most, 50 250 and 637 600 respectively. for the five rhinoceros species, black (diceros bicornis), white (ceratotherium simum), indian (rhinoceros unicornis), javan (rhinoceros sondaicus) and sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis), the population estimates ... | 2007 | 17688600 |
| salmonella surveillance in a herd of asymptomatic captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) using fecal culture and pcr. | feces were collected from captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) housed at disney's animal kingdom to examine the frequency of salmonella spp. shedding in asymptomatic animals using enrichment culture and broth culture- polymerase-chain-reaction (pcr) for detection. three samples per animal were collected during the first week of each month between february 2001 and december 2003. during the study period, six different individual animals from one herd participated in the study, includ ... | 2008 | 18432096 |
| retinal ganglion cell density of the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis): calculating visual resolution. | a single right retina from a black rhinoceros was whole mounted, stained and analyzed to determine the visual resolution of the rhinoceros, an animal with reputedly poor eyesight. a range of small (15-microm diameter) to large (100-microm diameter) ganglion cell types was seen across the retina. we observed two regions of high density of retinal ganglion cells at either end of a long, but thin, horizontal streak. the temporal specialization, which receives light from the anterior visual field, e ... | 2008 | 18442443 |
| high serum concentrations of iron, transferrin saturation and gamma glutamyl transferase in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | iron storage disease (haemochromatosis) is thought to be the cause of many disorders unique to captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). to establish reliable reference ranges for iron parameters, serum samples from 27 eastern black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli) from a translocation programme in kenya were analysed and compared with the samples from 17 captive individuals. the transferrin saturation, serum iron concentration and gamma glutamyl transferase were significantly highe ... | 2008 | 18515759 |
| urinalysis in three species of captive rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis, dicerorhinus sumatrensis, and diceros bicornis). | this study reports urinalysis values for three species of captive rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis, dicerorhinus sumatrensis, and diceros bicornis) and evaluates individual and species differences. repeated urinalysis was conducted on 11 individuals to establish normal reference ranges. although no individual or species differences existed in urinary values for ph, all species differed in specific gravity. rhinoceros urine demonstrated many physical and chemical properties similar to that of the ... | 2008 | 18816996 |
| black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) populations in northwestern namibia are apparently not infected with piroplasms. | babesiosis is a potentially fatal disease in black rhinoceroses. blood specimens collected from black rhinoceroses from etosha national park (n = 29) and damaraland (n = 22), namibia, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction using theileria and babesia genus-specific primers and reverse line blot, with negative results. the animals were sparsely infested with ticks. in the absence of suitable prophylactic measures, naïve rhinoceroses would be at risk if translocated to babesia-endemic areas. | 2008 | 18957663 |
| germany/australia index of sperm sex sortability in elephants and rhinoceros. | flow cytometric sexing of spermatozoa followed by application in artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization provides a unique opportunity to predetermine the sex of offspring and might enhance the conservation management of endangered species in captivity such as the elephant and rhinoceros. to obtain an indication of the sortability of spermatozoa from these species, the relative dna differences between x and y chromosome bearing spermatozoa (fresh, frozen thawed, epididymal) from three ... | 2009 | 19055564 |
| analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes from extinct and extant rhinoceroses reveals lack of phylogenetic resolution. | the scientific literature contains many examples where dna sequence analyses have been used to provide definitive answers to phylogenetic problems that traditional (non-dna based) approaches alone have failed to resolve. one notable example concerns the rhinoceroses, a group for which several contradictory phylogenies were proposed on the basis of morphology, then apparently resolved using mitochondrial dna fragments. | 2009 | 19432984 |
| coccidioidomycosis in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a 5-yr-old female black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was euthanized 11 mo after arrival at the milwaukee county zoo (milwaukee, wisconsin, usa) from glen rose, texas (usa) for a severe progressive rear leg lameness of 6-mo duration. gross necropsy revealed complete rupture of the capital ligament of the left femur with synovitis and osteomyelitis. multifocal lymphadenopathy with chronic suppurative lymphadenitis of the tracheobronchial, left supramammary, and iliac lymph nodes was present. gran ... | 2009 | 19569488 |
| a comparative approach to the study of keeper-animal relationships in the zoo. | research on intensively farmed animals over the past 25 years has shown that human-animal interactions, by affecting the animal's fear of humans, can markedly limit the productivity and welfare of farm animals. this article begins to explore some of the factors that need to be considered to investigate keeper-animal relationships (kars) in the zoo. in the mid-1990s, a large body of multi-institutional data on zookeepers and animals was collected from 46 zoos. using standardized questionnaires, 8 ... | 2009 | 19885915 |
| pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium bovis in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) in south africa. | we report a case of tuberculosis due to infection with mycobacterium bovis in an elderly male black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) from the limpopo province in south africa. the animal was euthanized due to very poor condition, old age, and dental attrition. necropsy examination revealed two small nonencapsulated granulomas (approximately 40-mm diameter) in the dorsocaudal lobe of the left lung. sequencing of isolated crude lung tissue pcr product and boiled lung culture samples confirmed t ... | 2009 | 19901395 |
| application of elephant tb stat-pak assay and mapia (multi-antigen print immunoassay) for detection of tuberculosis and monitoring of treatment in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | many wildlife species including rhinos are susceptible to infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis or m. bovis. antemortem diagnostic testing in large exotic hoof stock species has been limited by challenges associated with test administration, sample collection, and interpretation. hence, a simple, rapid, blood-based test is needed. two confirmed m. tuberculosis-infected black rhinoceros and one exposed suspect were evaluated for antibody responses using a lateral-flow rapid test (elephanttb s ... | 2009 | 20063826 |
| hypoaminoacidemia is not associated with ulcerative lesions in black rhinoceroses, diceros bicornis. | ulcerative oral and skin lesions have become an issue of concern for the health of the managed black rhinoceros (rhino) (diceros bicornis) populations. lesions exhibited by the black rhino are clinically similar to those observed in other species with superficial necrolytic dermatitis (snd). one biochemical alteration in dogs with snd is severe hypoaminoacidemia, and nearly all cases are fatal. the objective of this study was to determine if black rhinos with analogous lesions exhibit a similar ... | 2010 | 20722250 |
| gamete rescue in the african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | mortality rates are high among captive african black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), due to increased susceptibility to disease. the ability to rescue genetic material from individuals that die unexpectedly represents a practical approach to assist ex situ conservation efforts. the objectives of the present study were to attempt postmortem oocyte recovery from ovaries of african black rhinoceroses (n = 6) and to test the efficacy of equine protocols for rhinoceros oocyte ivm and ivf using cryop ... | 2011 | 21752452 |
| recovery of arcobacter spp. from nonlivestock species. | the genus arcobacter encompasses campylobacter-like organisms that grow in air at 25 degrees c. arcobacter has been detected or isolated from clinically healthy livestock as well as aborted fetuses and has been presumptively identified as either campylobacter or leptospira, based on its growth in selective semisolid media. because reports from nonlivestock species are limited, this study examined nine presumptive isolates of arcobacter spp. from an alpaca (vicugna pacos), black rhinoceros (dicer ... | 2011 | 22950328 |
| surgical amputation of a digit and vacuum-assisted-closure (v.a.c.) management in a case of osteomyelitis and wound care in an eastern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli). | a 14-yr-old female eastern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli) presented with progressive suppurative osteomyelitis in her left hind lateral toe. beta-hemolytic streptococcus sp. was isolated. the animal was treated with multiple systemic antibiotics, and topical wound cleansing. repeated debridements and nail trimmings were performed for 5 mo prior to electing amputation. the toe was surgically amputated under general anesthesia between the first and second phalanges. analgesia was dif ... | 2011 | 22946413 |
| interdigital corns in a black rhinoceros. | | 2002 | 132737 |
| first description of the immature stages and redescription of the adults of cosmiomma hippopotamensis (acari: ixodidae) with notes on its bionomics. | cosmiomma hippopotamensis (denny, 1843) is one of the most unusual, beautiful, and rare tick species known to the world. all stages of this species possess a unique morphology, on the one hand making them easy to identify, while on the other they exhibit similarities to certain species of amblyomma koch, 1844, dermacentor koch, 1844, and hyalomma koch, 1844. adults of c. hippopotamensis have been collected on only two occasions from their hosts, namely hippopotamus amphibius l. and diceros bicor ... | 0 | 23926768 |
| characterizing sleep behavior of the wild black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis bicornis). | the objectives of this study were to characterize sleep patterns and determine factors, including sex, age, season, and environmental pressures, that influence sleep in the endangered black rhinoceros (rhino; diceros bicornis bicornis). | 2012 | 23115406 |
| epidemiology of theileria bicornis among black and white rhinoceros metapopulation in kenya. | a huge effort in rhinoceros conservation has focused on poaching and habitat loss as factors leading to the dramatic declines in the endangered eastern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli) and the southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum). nevertheless, the role disease and parasite infections play in the mortality of protected populations has largely received limited attention. infections with piroplasmosis caused by babesia bicornis and theileria bicornis has been shown to ... | 2015 | 25604678 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis cultured from the feces of a southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) with diarrhea and weight loss. | abstract: mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) was cultured from the feces of a wild-caught, female, adult southern black rhinoceros. the animal, which presented with a 4-mo history of diarrhea and weight loss, was prescribed a course of antimycobacterial drugs. the clinical signs resolved, and the feces were repeatedly culture negative thereafter. although the rhinocerotidae are likely to be resistant to johne's disease, this case raises the possibility that they can become transiently in ... | 2012 | 22779247 |
| mycobacterium bovis in a free-ranging black rhinoceros, kruger national park, south africa, 2016. | in 2016, an emaciated black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was found in kruger national park, south africa. an interferon-γ response was detected against mycobacterial antigens, and lung tissue was positive for mycobacterium bovis. this case highlights the risk that tuberculosis presents to rhinoceros in m. bovis-endemic areas. | 2017 | 28221132 |
| tuberculosis in rhinoceros: an underrecognized threat? | historical evidence of tuberculosis (tb) affecting primarily captive rhinoceroses dates back almost two centuries. although the causative mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) species has not been determined in many cases, especially for those that occurred before bacterial culture techniques were available, the spectrum of documented reports illustrates the importance of tb as cause of morbidity and mortality in different rhinoceros species across continents. in more recent years, sporadic s ... | 2016 | 26996520 |
| potential for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a case of fatal mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was diagnosed postmortem in a captive 33-yr-old male black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) after a nonspecific illness in april 2013. retrospective testing of sera from this individual revealed that it had been seroreactive by elephanttb stat-pak, dual-path platform vettb, and multi-antigen print immunoassay for over 12 yr prior to death. although samples collected at the time of intradermal tuberculin test performed in october 2000 were nonreac ... | 2015 | 25831581 |
| review of the diagnosis of tuberculosis in non-bovid wildlife species using immunological methods--an update of published work since 2009. | the infection of both captive and free-ranging wildlife species with pathogenic mycobacteria (including mycobacterium tuberculosis) poses a zoonotic risk and continues to cause challenges for the livestock industry, zoos and governments around the world. central to the management and control of tuberculosis is timely and accurate diagnosis. in many cases, bacterial culture is insufficiently sensitive and confirmation of tb post-mortem is neither feasible nor desirable. in this context, there is ... | 2013 | 24171845 |
| three novel haplotypes of theileria bicornis in black and white rhinoceros in kenya. | piroplasms, especially those in the genera babesia and theileria, have been found to naturally infect rhinoceros. due to natural or human-induced stress factors such as capture and translocations, animals often develop fatal clinical piroplasmosis, which causes death if not treated. this study examines the genetic diversity and occurrence of novel theileria species infecting both black and white rhinoceros in kenya. samples collected opportunistically during routine translocations and clinical i ... | 2016 | 24906113 |
| a serological survey of brucellosis in wild ungulate species from five game parks in zimbabwe. | a retrospective serosurvey was carried out between 2009 and 2012 to detect antibodies to brucella spp. in free-ranging african wildlife ungulates from five selected game parks in zimbabwe. samples were drawn from wildlife-livestock interface and non-interface areas in zimbabwe. a total of 270 serum samples from four different species, namely african buffalo (syncerus caffer) (n =106), impala (aepyceros melampus) (n = 72), black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) (n = 45) and white rhinoceros (ceratot ... | 2013 | 24396917 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xlix. ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting white and black rhinoceroses in southern africa. | the objectives of the study were to determine the species composition of ticks infesting white and black rhinoceroses in southern africa as well as the conservation status of those tick species that prefer rhinos as hosts. ticks were collected opportunistically from rhinos that had been immobilised for management purposes, and 447 white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum) and 164 black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) were sampled in south africa, 61 black rhinos in namibia, 18 white and 12 black ... | 2017 | 28155285 |
| [breeding management of black rhinos (diceros bicornis michaeli) in magdeburg zoo]. | the african black rhino is an endangered species. in germany there are only five zoos where this species is kept and breeding has not been successful in all of them. in magdeburg zoo the last birth occurred in december 2005, and during the following years, no matings could be observed. during the construction of a new enclosure to enable a more natural mating behaviour, the reproduction status of the rhino cows was evaluated and a hormonal treatment was performed. | 2014 | 24920088 |
| non-invasive diagnosis of pregnancy in wild black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) by faecal steroid analysis. | the objective of this study was to determine whether faecal progestagen measurement could be used to diagnose pregnancy in wild black rhinoceros cows. immunoreactive 20alpha-progestagens were measured in faecal samples collected regularly (one or two times times per week) from pregnant and non-pregnant wild black rhinoceros females (n = 6) in zimbabwe. fresh dung piles deposited by the study animals were serially sampled during prolonged periods of tracking with local game scouts. samples were s ... | 1998 | 10588374 |
| retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum). | this study sought to determine whether the retinal organization of the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), a large african herbivore with lips specialized for grazing in open savannahs, relates to its foraging ecology and habitat. using stereology and retinal wholemounts, we estimated a total of 353,000 retinal ganglion cells. their density distribution reveals an unusual topographic organization of a temporal (2,000 cells/mm(2) ) and a nasal (1,800 cells/mm(2) ) area embedded within a well- ... | 2016 | 27804143 |
| identification of policies for a sustainable legal trade in rhinoceros horn based on population projection and socioeconomic models. | between 1990 and 2007, 15 southern white (ceratotherium simum simum) and black (diceros bicornis) rhinoceroses on average were killed illegally every year in south africa. since 2007 illegal killing of southern white rhinoceros for their horn has escalated to >950 individuals/year in 2013. we conducted an ecological-economic analysis to determine whether a legal trade in southern white rhinoceros horn could facilitate rhinoceros protection. generalized linear models were used to examine the soci ... | 2015 | 25331485 |
| osteopathology in the feet of rhinoceroses: lesion type and distribution. | an estimated 1,170 white (ceratotherium simum), black (diceros bicornis), greater one-horned (rhinoceros unicornis), and sumatran (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) rhinoceroses are kept in captivity worldwide, where they are a popular public attraction and serve important roles in education and conservation. rhinoceroses in captivity are reportedly affected by a variety of foot conditions, including abscesses, nail cracking, and pododermatitis, but there are few studies reporting associated bony pathol ... | 2013 | 24450050 |
| detecting inter-cusp and inter-tooth wear patterns in rhinocerotids. | extant rhinos are the largest extant herbivores exhibiting dietary specialisations for both browse and grass. however, the adaptive value of the wear-induced tooth morphology in rhinos has not been widely studied, and data on individual cusp and tooth positions have rarely been published. we evaluated upper cheek dentition of browsing diceros bicornis and rhinoceros sondaicus, mixed-feeding r. unicornis and grazing ceratotherium simum using an extended mesowear method adapted for rhinos. we incl ... | 2013 | 24312507 |
| extraction of nuclear dna from rhinoceros horn and characterization of dna profiling systems for white (ceratotherium simum) and black (diceros bicornis) rhinoceros. | rhinoceros horn is now worth more, per unit weight, than gold, diamonds, or cocaine. rhinoceros horn has been used in traditional asian medicine as a presumed cure for a wide range of ailments. rhinoceros poaching in south africa has, on average, more than doubled each year over the past 5 years with the rapid economic growth in east and southeast asia being assumed to be the primary factor driving the increased demand for horn. here we report on the characterization of methods for genomic dna e ... | 2013 | 23768315 |
| the seminiferous cycle of the rhinoceros. | the seminiferous cycle of the rhinoceros was investigated for the first time using testicular tissue from captive white (ceratotherium simum, n=2) and black (diceros bicornis, n=1) rhinoceroses. stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle were characterised using the tubular morphology method and relative frequencies of each stage determined. this method allowed for the identification of eight stages of cellular associations characteristic of the seminiferous cycle in white and black rhinocerose ... | 2012 | 23182465 |
| review of laboratory and necropsy evidence for iron storage disease acquired by browser rhinoceroses. | necropsies of two browser rhinoceroses, african black (diceros bicornis) and sumatran (dicerorhinus sumatrensis), often reveal extensive iron-pigment deposition in various tissues. this condition (hemosiderosis) has not been observed in species that are natural grazers, african white (ceratotherium simum) and asian greater one-horned (indian; rhinoceros unicornis), nor in any species free ranging in the wild. the causes, clinical significance, and consequences of captivity-acquired hemosiderosis ... | 2012 | 23156711 |
| serum iron and selected biochemical values in free-ranging black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from south africa. | serum samples collected from 20 black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) were analyzed for iron values from six different areas in south africa. in addition, biochemical profiles were performed on individual samples. comparisons of iron values from free-ranging black rhinoceros and from 28 free-ranging white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) were conducted by location and age. among the free-ranging black rhinoceros, samples were compared from different regions to a set of samples from black rhinocero ... | 2012 | 23156706 |
| putative filariosis outbreak in white and black rhinoceros at meru national park in kenya. | habitat and food supply loss and disruption, together with man's pursuit of the animal's unique horn pose significant threats to the charismatic rhinoceros. filarial worms have been thought to cause cutaneous lesions in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) in kenya and south africa, but never in white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) in the wild, despite the fact that the two species live often in close proximity. stephanofilaria dinniki has been implicated in the past as the causal agents for su ... | 2012 | 22992297 |
| iron overload syndrome in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis): microscopical lesions and comparison with other rhinoceros species. | the african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) has adapted to a low iron diet during evolution and is thus prone to iron overload in captivity, which is associated with a number of serious disorders. a s88t polymorphism in the hfe gene has been suggested as a potential genetic basis of increased iron uptake in the black rhinoceros, while the indian rhinoceros is thought to be unaffected by iron overload in captivity. in the present study, the histopathology and distribution of iron accumulation ... | 2012 | 22935088 |
| alkaline phosphatase as an indicator of true ejaculation in the rhinoceros. | the objective was to determine if seminal alkaline phosphatase (alp) can serve as an indicator of true ejaculation in the rhinoceros. concentrations of alp activity were determined in seminal fractions collected from african black rhinos (diceros bicornis), an african white rhino (ceratotherium simum), and an indian rhino (rhinoceros unicornis) during electroejaculation. in addition, seminal fractions collected during penile massage of a sumatran rhino (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) were assessed. c ... | 2010 | 20615535 |
| comparative investigations on digestion in grazing (ceratotherium simum) and browsing (diceros bicornis) rhinoceroses. | rhinoceroses represent the largest extant herbivores with extensive dietary specialization for plant groups like browse (black rhino diceros bicornis) or grass (white rhino ceratotherium simum). however, it is not clear to what extent such diet selection patterns are reflected in adaptations of digestive physiology of the respective feeding types. in this study, feeding trials with four black and five white rhinos were conducted in four zoos. the animals had ad libitum access to the same batch o ... | 2010 | 20227512 |
| feasibility of sex-sorting sperm from the white and the black rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis). | the objective of these studies was to investigate the practicality of flow cytometric sex-sorting for spermatozoa from the white and the black rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis). in experiment 1, four semen extenders were tested regarding their suitability for liquid preservation of spermatozoa before sorting. dilution in mes-hepes-based semen extender followed by incubation generated best sperm quality parameters (motility, viability, and acrosome integrity). in experiment 2, th ... | 2009 | 19411099 |