| immobilisation of free-ranging wild animals using a new drug. | field trials were conducted with the potent morphine-like analgesic, r33799 (janssen pharmaceutica; beerse, belgium) in south african national parks on 217 free-ranging wild animals, representing 20 different species. the drug was found to be effective and safe for a wide range of ungulates and pachyderms and burchell's zebra (equus burchelli) did not react to expected dosage levels. a suggested dosage regime for 19 species is given. recommended optimal dosage rates varies from about 1 microgra ... | 1978 | 685103 |
| neurofibrillary accumulation in the zebra (equus burchelli). | two young zebra siblings from consecutive pregnancies suffered from neurological disease, characterized by ventral deviation of the neck and tetraparesis which progressed to tetraplegia within a few weeks. on histological examination widespread neuronal degeneration was observed in the ventral horns of the spinal cord and in the lower brain stem. ultrastructurally the neuronal degeneration was characterized by accumulation of neurofibrillary material resembling neurofilaments. the findings are c ... | 1977 | 842290 |
| social organization and reproduction in equids. | there are two distinct types of social organization and, accordingly, two types of mating systems in equids. in the horse, plains zebra and mountain zebra, the adults live in non-territorial and cohesive one-male groups and in stallion groups. the family stallions have exclusive mating rights which are respected by all others. in grevy's zebra and in the african and asiatic wild asses, the stallions are permanently territorial and have exclusive mating rights within their territories. ecological ... | 1975 | 1060868 |
| comparison of the myoglobin of the zebra (equus burchelli) with that of the horse (equus caballus). | the tryptic and peptic peptides from the myoglobin of the zebra (equus burchelli) have been compared with those obtained from the myoglobin of the horse (equus caballus). no differences in the myoglobin were found between these two species. | 1975 | 1095063 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-living african mammals. | twelve species of free-living african mammals from kenya, tanzania, uganda and zambia were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using the indirect hemagglutination test. of 157 animals sampled, 20 (13%) were seropositive. t. gondii antibodies were detected in burchell's zebra, (equus burchelli), hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), african elephant (loxodonta africana), defassa waterbuck (kobus defassa), lion (panthera leo), and rock hyrax (procavia capensis), the highest titers were fou ... | 1975 | 1195497 |
| the g- and q-band karyotype of böhm's or grant's zebra (equus burchelli böhmi). | | 1975 | 1213903 |
| echinococcosis (hydatodosis) in wild animals of the kruger national park. | echinococcosis has been diagnosed in the following wild species in the kruger national park : lion, panthera leo, spotted hyena, crocuta crocuta, cape hunting dog, lycaon pictus, burchell's zebra, equus burchelli antiquorum, buffalo, syncerus caffer, hippopotamus, hippopotamus amphibius, and impala, aepyceros melampus. infestation rates in the herbivores vary from 60% in zebra to less than 1% in impala. species like elephant, loxodonta africana, and blue wildebeest, connochaetes taurinus, do not ... | 1975 | 1219111 |
| gross and microscopic observations of ovarian abnormalities from five burchell's zebra, equus burchelli antiquorum, smith 1841. | five pair of zebra ovaries were submitted to the onderstepoort veterinary research institute for examination because of unusual uni- and/or bilateral gross appearances. microscopic findings revealed an accessory spleen encapsulated by the ovarian peritoneum, a case of tubo-ovarian cysts, one example of ovarian aplasia, an example of germinal inclusion cysts and an abnormal follicular haemorrhage related to pressure necrosis of a nearby corpus luteum. similarities to the ovary of the domestic mar ... | 1975 | 1221329 |
| arthropod parasites of springbok, gemsbok, kudus, giraffes and burchell's and hartmann's zebras in the etosha and hardap nature reserves, namibia. | a total of 48 springbok, 48 gemsbok, 23 kudus and 6 giraffes were examined for ticks and lice, while 9 burchell's zebras and 6 hartmann's mountain zebras were examined only for ticks. springbok and gemsbok were shot in both the etosha national park in the north and the hardap nature reserve in the south of namibia. all the other animals were shot in the etosha national park. a total of 7 ixodid tick species and 8 lice species were recovered. the springbok carried few ticks. the adults of a rhipi ... | 1992 | 1297955 |
| urinary androgen concentrations and social status in two species of free ranging zebra (equus burchelli and e. grevyi). | in both species of zebra, breeding males had higher urinary androgen concentrations (ng androgens/mg cr) than did non-breeding bachelor males (30.0 +/- 5.0 (n = 9) versus 11.4 +/- 2.8, (n = 7) in the plains zebra; 19.0 +/- 2.2 (n = 17) versus 10.7 +/- 1.2 (n = 14) in the grevy's zebra). in the more stable family structure of the plains zebra (single male non-territorial groups) variations in androgen concentrations could not be ascribed to any measured variable. in the grevy's zebra, androgen va ... | 1990 | 2313631 |
| characterization of the microbial community colonizing the anal and vulvar pores of helminths from the hindgut of zebras. | scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the adherence and in situ morphology of the microbial community colonizing the anal and vulvar pores of the subfamily cyathostominae (nematoda: strongylidae) from the colon of burchell's zebra (equus burchelli antiquorum). two different morphological types of asporogenous rod were prominent in the microbial community. one was a thin, septate, filamentous organism (0.4 to 0.5 micron by 2 to 3 microns) with blunt ends, which was mo ... | 1989 | 2667460 |
| mitochondrial dna of the extinct quagga: relatedness and extent of postmortem change. | sequences are reported for portions of two mitochondrial genes from a domestic horse and a plains zebra and compared to those published for a quagga and a mountain zebra. the extinct quagga and plains zebra sequences are identical at all silent sites, whereas the horse sequence differs from both of them by 11 silent substitutions. postmortem changes in quagga dna may account for the two coding substitutions between the quagga and plains zebra sequences. the hypothesis that the closest relative o ... | 1987 | 2822938 |
| antibody to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild mammals from southern africa. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is becoming increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen in southern africa. in order to determine the role of wild mammals in the natural ecology of the virus, sera from 3,772 wild mammals of 87 species and from 1,978 domestic dogs collected in south africa and zimbabwe between 1964 and 1985 were tested for antibody to cchf virus by reversed passive hemagglutination inhibition (rphi) and by indirect immunofluorescence (if). antibody was fou ... | 1987 | 3101526 |
| the pattern of venous drainage of the equine ileocaecal junction. | the veins draining the ileocaecal junctions of horses (n = 19), donkeys (n = 3) and a plains zebra, (equus burchelli antiquorum) were injected with latex via the ileocolic vein, and dissected. in all specimens the ileocaecal papilla was drained by 2 major papillary veins: one cranial and one caudal to the papilla. a smaller dorsal vein drained either into the cranial or into the caudal vein. the submucosal veins seemed to increase in number in the ileocaeacal junction to form a venous plexus. th ... | 1988 | 3199408 |
| some avian and mammalian hosts of amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma marmoreum (acari: ixodidae). | large numbers of birds, wild mammals and domestic stock from a variety of localities within the republic of south africa were examined for infestation with the ixodid ticks amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma marmoreum. every warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus), burchell's zebra (equus burchelli), impala (aepyceros melampus) and kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros) from the kruger national park in the north-eastern transvaal lowveld was infested with a. hebraeum. in the eastern cape province every helmet ... | 1987 | 3329327 |
| interspecies variation in milk composition among horses, zebras and asses (perissodactyla: equidae). | milk samples of four species of wild equids (onager, equus hemionus onager; mountain zebra, e. zebra hartmannae; plains zebra, e. burchelli; przewalski horse, e. caballus przewalskii) and two domesticated equids (ass, e. asinus; pony, e. caballus) were analysed. at mid to late lactation the milks of all species were very similar, containing on average 10-12% total solids, 1-2% fat, 1.6-1.8% true protein, 6-7% 'lactose', 0.3-0.5% ash, 0.08-0.12% calcium, 0.04-0.07% phosphorus and a calculated ene ... | 1988 | 3385068 |
| the arrangement of the muscle layers at the equine ileocaecal junction. | the muscle layers of the ileocaecal junctions of horses (n = 18), plains zebras (equus burchelli antiquorum) (n = 3), mountain zebras (equus zebra zebra) (n = 2), and a donkey were examined macroscopically and microscopically. the muscular tunic of the ileocaecal papilla was made up of 3 layers: an innermost circular layer which was a continuation of the circular muscle of the ileum, a central longitudinal layer which was a continuation of one part of the longitudinal layer of the ileum and an o ... | 1988 | 3392703 |
| studies on the parasites of zebras. v. nematodes of the burchell's and hartmann's mountain zebras from the etosha national park, south west africa/namibia. | nine burchell's and 6 hartman's mountain zebras were culled during the 3 climatic periods characteristic of the etosha national park, south west africa/namibia, and were examined for helminths. the burchell's zebras ranged in age from 4 1/2 to 19 years and the mountain zebras from 3 1/2 to 13 years. twenty-five species of nematodes, belonging to the families atractidae, strongylidae, oxyuridae, onchocercidae and habronematidae, were recovered. of the family cyathostominae, the following species ... | 1987 | 3587931 |
| nematode parasites from burchell's zebras in south africa. | twenty-five burchell's zebras (equus burchelli antiquorum) which were culled at monthly intervals in the kruger national park were examined for helminths. twenty-nine species of nematodes belonging to the families atractidae, habronematidae, onchocercidae, oxyuridae, strongylidae, strongyloididae and trichostrongylidae were recovered. the cyathostomes (small strongyles) most abundant were cyathostomum tetracanthum, cylicostephanus calicatus, cylindropharynx sp. (? c. intermedia theiler, 1923) an ... | 1987 | 3625897 |
| descriptions of incisors of known-age cape mountain zebras, equus zebra zebra, from the mountain zebra national park. | twelve sets of incisors of cape mountain zebras, 9 of which were from known-age individuals ranging in age from 11 months to 19 years, from the mountain zebra national park, are described and depicted to illustrate not only the eruption and replacement sequence, but also the changes with increasing age in the configuration of the occlusal surfaces and of the infudibulum. infundibula persist in maxillary incisors longer than in mandibular incisors. shallow infundibula were still present in the ma ... | 1987 | 3627729 |
| chromosome mosaicism in a zebra (equus burchelli) abortus provides evidence for a different in-vivo/in-vitro survival of balanced and unbalanced karyotypes. | a fibroblast culture from the skin of a zebra abortus recovered from a pedigree known, in part, to be segregating for a chromosome centric fission was karyotypically mosaic. some cells were balanced for the fission and the others unbalanced, being deficient for the shorter fission product. initially, the latter were in the majority but after continued culture (101 days) they were outgrown by the former. this finding either suggests a differential in-vivo/in-vitro fitness of the two cell types or ... | 1985 | 3989793 |
| breed and species comparison of amino acid transport variation in equine erythrocytes. | the amino acid permeability of red blood cells from equus caballus (thoroughbred, arab, shire and pony), e przewalskii (przewalski's horse), e asinus (donkey and mule) and e burchelli (common or plains zebra) was measured. individual animals exhibited stable but widely differing rates of l-[u-14c]alanine uptake in the range 5 to 1554 mumol (litre cells)-1 h-1 (0.2 mm extracellular l-alanine, 37 degrees c). of the thoroughbreds tested, 30 per cent had red blood cells which were essentially imperm ... | 1985 | 4012037 |
| immunological systematics of the extinct quagga (equidae). | it has been debated whether the extinct quagga was a distinct fourth species of african zebra or whether it was merely the southern variant of the plains zebra (equus burchelli). using a radioimmunoassay (ria) technique, we have shown that proteins remaining in quagga skins from museums are much more similar to serum proteins of the plains zebra than to those of the other two extant zebras. | 1985 | 4043335 |
| a relationship between acid-base balance and capture myopathyl in zebra (equus burchelli) and an apparent therapy. | | 1974 | 4450397 |
| caesarian section in a zebra (equus burchelli bömi). | | 1971 | 5165556 |
| trypanosomes of the brucei subgroup as a probable cause of disease in wild zebra (equus burchelli). | | 1967 | 5625697 |
| the use of haloperidol as a long-acting neuroleptic in game capture operations. | haloperidol (r1625, serenace) a potent, long-acting butyrophenone neuroleptic, was shown to be very effective in game capture operations for the neuroleptization of several species of african wild herbivores, especially the medium and small antelopes. with a rapid onset of action following intravenous injection and a duration of action of 10-12 h in the majority of cases, haloperidol produced profound pyschomotor effects and remarkable tractability in red hartebeest, blesbok, springbok, duiker, ... | 1981 | 6122740 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xvii. arthropod parasites of burchell's zebra, equus burchelli, in the eastern transvaal lowveld. | thirty-five burchell's zebra, equus burchelli, were shot for arthropod parasite recovery during the period november 1978-january 1982 in the kruger national park. six species of gasterophilid larvae, 2 species of oestrid larvae, 2 louse species and 7 ixodid tick species were recovered. the distribution of the gasterophilus spp. larvae within the gastrointestinal tract and their seasonal prevalence were determined. the seasonal prevalence of the oestrid larvae and 4 of the 7 ixodid tick species w ... | 1984 | 6493729 |
| studies on the parasites of zebras. iv. cylicodontophorus reineckei n.sp. (nematoda: strongylidae) from the burchell's zebra, equus burchelli antiquorum h. smith, 1841 and the mountain zebra, equus zebra hartmannae matschie, 1898. | a new species of nematode, cylicodontophorus reineckei, was collected from burchell's zebra, equus burchelli antiquorum h. smith, 1841, in both the etosha national and kruger national parks and from mountain zebra, equus zebra hartmannae matschie, 1898, in the namib naukluft park in south west africa/namibia. these nematodes have an external leaf-crown with longer elements than those of the internal leaf-crown and a well-developed dorsal gutter. the very well-developed oesophageal funnel is both ... | 1984 | 6533516 |
| studies on the parasites of zebras. 1. nematodes of the burchell's zebra in the kruger national park. | nineteen species of gastro-intestinal nematodes were recovered from 10 burchell's zebra. these include: cyathostomum alveatum, c. montgomeryi and c. tetracanthum; cylicocyclus auriculatus, c. gyalocephaloides, c. insigne and c. triramosus; cylicodontophorus schürmanni and cylicodontophorus n.sp., cylicostephanus bidentatus, c. calicatus and c. minutus; poteriostomum ratzii, craterostomum acuticaudatum, triodontophorus minor, habronema majus, h. muscae, h. zebrae, and draschia megastoma, as well ... | 1983 | 6634083 |
| scanning electron microscopy of strongylus spp. in zebra. | the external ultrastructure of the anterior and posterior extremities of the nematodes, strongylus asini , strongylus vulgaris, strongylus equinus and strongylus edentatus, was studied with scanning electron microscopy (sem). fresh specimens of s. asini were collected from the caecum, ventral colon and vena portae of equus burchelli and equus zebra hartmannae ; s. vulgaris from the caecum, colon and arteria ileocolica of e. burchelli ; s. equinus from the ventral colon of e. z. hartmannae and s. ... | 1983 | 6676687 |
| horse haemoglobin phenotyping by agarose gel isoelectric focusing comparison of thoroughbreds with other equidae. | by using isoelectric focusing in thin agarose slab gels 1049 thoroughbred, 82 nooitgedachter, 45 percheron and 244 horses of other breeds were examined. the numbers of other equidae tested were 107 donkeys, 50 mules, 4 common zebras (equus burchelli boehmi) and 8 mountain zebras (equus zebra hartmannae). phenotypic data are presented for all tested animals and gene frequencies are calculated for the horses. | 1984 | 6742514 |
| seasonal incidence of helminths in the burchell's zebra. | ten burchell's zebras were culled in conjunction with the kruger national park's game management programme. the colts ranged in age from 9-17 months and the stallions from 2 1/2-23 years. the gastro-intestinal tract and the abdominal cavity were examined for helminths. the principal families of nematodes recovered included the atractidae, strongylidae and spiruridae. the atractidae included crossocephalus and probstmayria; the strongylidae 2 subfamilies, cyathostominae and strongylinae, and the ... | 1982 | 7177583 |
| studies on strongylus asini. i. experimental infestation of equines. | infective larvae were harvested from a culture of eggs collected from adult strongylus asini recovered from a free-ranging burchell's zebra, equus burchelli, in the kruger national park. worm-free zebra, horse and donkey foals were successfully infested, but infestation failed in a mule foal. at slaughter, 117-125 days post-infestation, s. asini in their 4th moult were recovered from the liver and portal veins. this is the first report of successful experimental infestation of these hosts with s ... | 1982 | 7177594 |
| epidemiology of african horsesickness: duration of viraemia in zebra (equus burchelli). | the viraemic period of african horsesickness is significantly longer in experimentally infected zebra than in horses. the virus could be isolated 40 d post-infection from blood and 48 d post-infection from spleen. the introduction of zebra into african horsesickness-free countries should therefore be considered carefully, and preferably be restricted to serologically negative zebra. | 1994 | 7501371 |
| enterolithiasis in two zebras. | enterolithiasis, as a cause of colic, was diagnosed and treated during surgical intervention in 2 grant's zebras (equus burchelli bohmi). the zebras were part of a wild herd in a zoo in the western united states. the clinical signs of enterolithiasis in both zebras were similar to those reported for horses. analysis of the enterolith from 1 zebra revealed a composition identical to enteroliths that have been analyzed from horses. three other zebras from this herd had enteroliths at necropsy. ent ... | 1994 | 8150704 |
| circulation of african horsesickness virus in zebra (equus burchelli) in the kruger national park, south africa, as measured by the prevalence of type specific antibodies. | in the kruger national park 75% of zebra foals are born in october-march and they lose their passive immunity against african horsesickness virus (ahsv) when they are 5-6 months old. one month later infection with different serotypes of ahsv amounts to 31% and thereafter infections increase rapidly to almost 100% before the foals are 12 months old. the capability of zebra to maintain ahsv is clearly illustrated by the continuing infections during every month of the year with a peak period in win ... | 1993 | 8332321 |
| haematological reference values for east african wild ungulates. | basic haematological values were obtained in the field from shot, clinically normal, wild east african ungulates. the species studied were: thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii), grant's gazelle (gazella grantii), blue wildebeest (conochaetes taurinus), coke's hartebeest (alcelaphus buselaphus cokii), impala (aepyceros melampus) and burchell's zebra (equus burchelli). red cell parameters compared well with previous reports although the mean cell haemoglobin concentrations were higher. the white ... | 1993 | 8460271 |
| surveillance and control of anthrax and rabies in wild herbivores and carnivores in namibia. | anthrax has been studied intensively in etosha national park, namibia since 1966; in addition, since 1975, mortality due to rabies and all other causes has been recorded, totalling 6,190 deaths. standard diagnostic procedures demonstrated that at least 811 deaths (13%) were due to anthrax and 115 deaths (2%) were caused by rabies. of the total number of deaths due to anthrax, 97% occurred in zebra (equus burchelli), elephant (loxodonta africana), wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and springbok ... | 1993 | 8518440 |
| in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes recovered from free-ranging burchell's zebra (equus burchelli) and hartmann's zebra (equus zebra hartmannae). | a noninvasive repeatable method to harvest oocytes for in vitro fertilization (ivf) could potentially be used to assist reproduction in endangered equid species. the objectives of this study were to evaluate a specific transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte recovery procedure for use in zebra mares and the general applicability of ivf procedures in zebra. ovaries were collected from burchell's zebra (equus burchelli) and hartmann's zebra (equus zebra hartmannae) mares at routine culling for expt. ... | 1997 | 9365936 |
| a redescription of cylicocyclus triramosus (nematoda: strongyloidea): a parasite of the zebra, equus burchelli antiquorum. | cylicocyclus triramosus, a rare species of cyathostominae from the southern african burchell's zebra (equus burchelli antiquorum) is redescribed, and a neotype is proposed. the external leaf-crown of the species consists of 30 elements and the internal leaf-crown numerous small and clear elements. the buccal capsule is cylindrical, oval in cross section, and approximately 3 times as wide as deep. the thin walls of the buccal capsule taper anteriorly from a large ringlike, hoop-shaped thickening ... | 1997 | 9379300 |
| cutaneous staphylococcal granuloma in a free living zebra (equus burchelli) in zambia. | an outgrowth on the left anteriothoracic region behind the elbow joint was seen in a free living zebra at the time of postmortem examination. the covering skin was ulcerated, nodular, hard with multiple fistula containing yellowish pus. a pure culture of coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the deep tissue. histopathology revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis characterized by eosinophilic amorphous grains including bacterial colonies. this is the first report of cutaneous st ... | 1998 | 9492376 |
| surgical management of flexure deformity of the distal inter-phalangeal joint in three chapman's zebras (equus burchelli antiquorum). | | 1998 | 9578786 |
| hunting by male lions: ecological influences and socioecological implications. | in the kruger national park, male lions, panthera leo, acquire most of their food by hunting rather than scavenging. this study, the most intensive to date of male lion ecology, showed that in savanna woodlands, with high buffalo, syncerus caffer, densities, male lions were frequent and successful hunters. the main prey species of all male group types, but particularly nonterritorial males, was buffalo. by contrast, females preyed more frequently on the most abundant medium-sized ungulates, such ... | 1998 | 9933529 |
| tear production in three captive wild herbivores in israel. | the schirmer tear test (stt) i was performed to evaluate tear production in 12 captive nubian ibex (capra ibex nubiana), 10 captive burchell's zebras (equus burchelli) and five arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) at the tel-aviv ramat-gan zoological center (israel). mean (+/- standard deviation) stt values were 13.2 +/- 5.1 mm/min in the ibex, 23.4 +/- 3.4 mm/min in the zebra and 12.7 +/- 4.8 mm/min in the oryx. there were no significant effects of gender, age, weight, or side of the eye. there were no ... | 1999 | 10073364 |
| cloning, sequencing and functional expression of zebra (equus burchelli) lh. | although donkey luteinizing hormone exhibits a very high degree of amino acid sequence identity with horse lh, its fsh activity in non-equine species is tenfold lower. the coding regions of the common zebra (equus burchelli) glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit and lh beta-subunit transcripts were cloned by reverse transcription-pcr from pituitary gland rna to investigate more precisely the structure-function relationships of this gonadotrophin family. zebra lh was then expressed in cos-7 cells an ... | 1999 | 10341734 |
| absence of selective brain cooling in free-ranging zebras in their natural habitat. | we used implanted miniature data loggers to measure brain and arterial blood temperatures in three free-ranging zebras (equus burchelli) in their natural habitat, every 5 min for 9 days. the animals experienced globe temperatures exceeding 40 c, and radiant heat load of about 1000 w m-2. arterial blood exhibited a moderate amplitude (1.7 c) nychthemeral rhythm, with an acrophase at 19.00 h and a nadir late in the morning, at 10.00 h. brain temperature consistently exceeded blood temperature, on ... | 2000 | 10751518 |
| male infanticide in captive plains zebra, equus burchelli. | on the assumption that infanticide exists in plains zebra, as reported for horses, equus caballus, we tested the following hypothesis. introducing a new zebra male into a herd of breeding females should increase foal mortality in comparison with herds in which the sire of the foals is still present. the younger the foal, the more likely infanticide should be. we collected data from five herds in two zoological gardens in the czech republic. we found nine records of infanticide in plains zebra an ... | 2000 | 10792924 |
| detection of sarcocystis neurona in the brain of a grant's zebra (equus burchelli bohmi). | an 8-yr-old intact male grant's zebra (equus burchelli bohmi) was referred to the veterinary medical teaching hospital of the university of california-davis after being found in the owner's pasture obtunded and in lateral recumbency. the animal was hypothermic, weak, and unwilling to rise. there was no evidence of trauma, and the zebra had seemed normal the preceding evening. there was no extensor rigidity, and cranial nerve reflexes were normal. flexor and extensor reflexes were weak upon initi ... | 2000 | 10884130 |
| estimation and management of genetic diversity in small populations of plains zebra (equus quagga) in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | plains zebras (equus quagga antiquorum) occur in few large, but many small, isolated populations in kwazulu-natal. problems identified in small populations include reduced striping patterns on hind quarters, smaller size, elevated mortality rates and high number of still-births. inbreeding may be implicated. population viability analysis (pva) was conducted with a computer model (vortex), and dna and allozyme analyses were conducted to test the findings of the model. using standard methods, dna ... | 2001 | 11336807 |
| tonometry in three herbivorous wildlife species. | tonometry was performed to estimate intraocular pressure (iop) in 12 nubian ibexes (capra ibex nubiana), 10 grant zebras (equus burchelli ) and five arabian oryxes (oryx leucoryx), using both applanation (tono-pen) and/or indentation (schiotz) tonometers. animals were anesthetized with a mixture of etorphine hydrochloride and acepromazine maleate. mean (+/- sd) iop in the ibex was 17.95 +/- 4.78 mmhg (24 eyes, indentation tonometry). in the zebra, indentation tonometry (20 eyes) yielded a mean i ... | 1998 | 11397205 |
| chromosomal distribution of the telomere sequence (ttaggg)(n) in the equidae. | telomeres are a class of repetitive dna sequences that are located at chromosome termini and that act to stabilize the chromosome ends. the rapid karyotypic evolution of the genus equus has given rise to ten taxa, all with different diploid chromosome numbers. using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) we localized the mammalian telomere sequence, (ttaggg)(n), to the chromosomes of nine equid taxa. ttaggg signal was located at chromosome termini in all species, however additional signal was ... | 2001 | 11474195 |
| hydatidosis in a chapman's zebra (equus burchelli antiquorum). | a 14-year-old male chapman's zebra had been treated for a cervical granulomatous cellulitis for 3 months prior to sudden death associated with myocardial fibrosis. incidental findings at necropsy included multiple 3-8-cm unilocular cysts in the liver and lungs. cysts contained either a clear fluid with or without hydatid sand or a gelatinous substance with foci of mineralization. light and scanning electron microscopic examination of the hydatid sand revealed free protoscolices as well as intact ... | 2001 | 11724148 |
| differential mesowear in occluding upper and lower molars: opening mesowear analysis for lower molars and premolars in hypsodont horses. | a new approach of reconstructing ungulate diet, the mesowear method, was recently introduced by fortelius and solounias ([2000] am mus novitat 3301:1-36). mesowear is based on facet development on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. restricting mesowear investigation to maxillary cheek teeth would allow mesowear investigation only in assemblages of large numbers of individuals and therefore would generally restrict this method to relatively few assemblages of recent and fossil ungulates. most of ... | 2003 | 12905535 |
| antibodies to neospora caninum in wild animals from kenya, east africa. | the prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum was examined in six wild artiodactyla species, and in five wild carnivora species from kenya. blood sera (104 wild ungulates from marula estates (mes), and 31 wild carnivores from masai-mara reserve and from other wildlife areas in northern and southern kenya), were screened using a neospora agglutination test (nat), with a twofold dilution (1:40-1:320 titres). presence of nat antibodies to n. caninun is reported here for the first time in zebra ( ... | 2003 | 14651874 |
| karyotypic relationships of horses and zebras: results of cross-species chromosome painting. | complete sets of chromosome-specific painting probes, derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of human (hsa), equus caballus (eca) and equus burchelli (ebu) were used to delineate conserved chromosomal segments between human and equus burchelli, and among four equid species, e. przewalskii (epr), e. caballus, e. burchelli and e. zebra hartmannae (ezh) by cross-species chromosome painting. genome-wide comparative maps between these species have been established. twenty-two human autosomal probes rev ... | 2003 | 14970709 |
| cross-species chromosome painting in the perissodactyla: delimitation of homologous regions in burchell's zebra (equus burchellii) and the white (ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | conserved chromosomal segments in the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis (dbi, 2n = 84), and its african sister-species the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum (csi, 2n = 82), were detected using burchell's zebra (equus burchellii, ebu, 2n = 44) chromosome-specific painting probes supplemented by a subset of those developed for the horse (equus caballus, eca, 2n = 64). in total 41 and 42 conserved autosomal segments were identified in c. simum and d. bicornis respectively. only 21 rearrangemen ... | 2003 | 15004472 |
| a comparative study of gastrointestinal parasites between ranched and free ranging burchell's zebra (equus burchelli antiquorum) in isiolo district, kenya. | parasites were collected from 20 burchell's zebra, equus burchelli antiquorum, from isiolo district, kenya. 10 were ranched animals from the lewa downs ranch and 10 free ranging from the areas adjacent to the ranch to the north. the animals were culled from 4th to 18th june 1995. the gastrointestinal tract was removed from the carcass and separated as stomach, small and large intestines and searched for parasites. the abdominal cavity was scrutinized for setaria species. the parasites were ident ... | 2004 | 15365235 |
| a comparison of the intestinal helminth communities of equidae in southern africa. | the intestinal helminth communities of 8 horses, 12 donkeys, 21 hartmann's mountain zebras, and 44 burchell's zebras were compared using the original data from 6 studies in south africa and namibia. necropsy and worm recovery techniques were comparable between the studies. sixty helminth species (58 nematode, 1 cestode, and 1 trematode species) were recorded. there were significant differences in the helminth community structures of the 4 equus species. the helminth communities of the 2 closely ... | 2004 | 15715215 |
| antibodies against equine herpesviruses and equine arteritis virus in burchell's zebras (equus burchelli ) from the serengeti ecosystem. | a total of 51 sera from a migratory population of burchell's zebras (equus burchelli) were collected in the serengeti national park (tanzania) between 1999 and 2001 to assess levels of exposure to equine herpesvirus types 1, 2, 4, 9 (ehv-1, -2, -4, -9), ehv-1 zebra isolate t965, and equine arteritis virus (eav). using virus-specific neutralizing antibody tests, seroprevalence was high for ehv-9 (60% of 45), moderate for eav (24% of 51), and lower for the ehv-1-related zebra isolate (17% of 41), ... | 2005 | 15827213 |
| examination of the laryngeal musculature and recurrent laryngeal nerves of zebra (equus burchelli) for evidence of idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia. | this study was undertaken in order to determine whether wild burchell's zebra (equus burchelli) are affected by idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (ilh). ilh has a high prevalence in the domestic horse and a negative control population has not been identified. | 2000 | 16032112 |
| evolutionary movement of centromeres in horse, donkey, and zebra. | centromere repositioning (cr) is a recently discovered biological phenomenon consisting of the emergence of a new centromere along a chromosome and the inactivation of the old one. after a cr, the primary constriction and the centromeric function are localized in a new position while the order of physical markers on the chromosome remains unchanged. these events profoundly affect chromosomal architecture. since horses, asses, and zebras, whose evolutionary divergence is relatively recent, show r ... | 2006 | 16413164 |
| severe streptococcus infection in spotted hyenas in the ngorongoro crater, tanzania. | in a population of spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) monitored between 1996 and 2005 in the ngorongoro crater, tanzania, 16 individuals from five of eight social groups displayed clinical signs of an infection, including severe unilateral swelling of the head followed by abscess formation at the mandibular angle, respiratory distress, mild ataxia, and lethargy. two (12.5%) of these 16 individuals died within days of developing signs. clinical signs in hyenas were first noted in 2001, and most cas ... | 2006 | 16460891 |
| manual semen collection from a grevy's zebra stallion (equus grevyi), onset of sperm production, semen characteristics, and cryopreservation of semen, with a comparison to the sperm production from a grant's zebra stallion (equus burchelli boehmi). | a manual technique was used to collect representative ejaculates from an unrestrained grevy's zebra stallion beginning at 13 mo of age to determine the onset of sperm production, to calculate the number of spermatozoa produced per ejaculate, and to determine any seasonality associated with sperm production. spermatozoa first appeared in the ejaculate at 31 mo of age. by 48 mo of age the zebra was producing up to 40 billion spermatozoa per ejaculate. progressive sperm motility ranged from 75 to 9 ... | 1994 | 16727454 |
| geographic distribution of an extinct equid (equus hydruntinus: mammalia, equidae) revealed by morphological and genetical analyses of fossils. | equus hydruntinus inhabited europe and the middle east for more than 300 000 years. for a long time, palaeontological data failed to place e. hydruntinus into the equid phylogenetic tree, confronted with the fact that it shares primitive equus characters with both zebras and asses, and derived characters with asses and hemiones. however, the study of a recently discovered skull points to a relationship with hemiones. extraction of dna from ancient samples from crimea (e. hydruntinus) and iran (e ... | 2006 | 16780426 |
| a rapid loss of stripes: the evolutionary history of the extinct quagga. | twenty years ago, the field of ancient dna was launched with the publication of two short mitochondrial (mt) dna sequences from a single quagga (equus quagga) museum skin, an extinct south african equid (higuchi et al. 1984 nature312, 282-284). this was the first extinct species from which genetic information was retrieved. the dna sequences of the quagga showed that it was more closely related to zebras than to horses. however, quagga evolutionary history is far from clear. we have isolated dna ... | 2005 | 17148190 |
| the use of altrenogest to control aggression in a male grant's zebra (equus burchelli boehmi). | a male grant's zebra (equus burchelli boehmi) housed with two mares at the indianapolis zoo had a 9-yr history of intermittent aggressive behavior toward mares and other animals. periods of separation allowed the mares time to heal after sustaining superficial bite wounds. on 26 march 2003, the male (890293) was started on altrenogest at a dosage of 19.8 mg orally once daily to allow reintroduction. the dosage was doubled (40 mg once a day) because of a perceived lack of response. reintroduction ... | 2006 | 17312816 |
| sarcoids in captive zebras (equus burchellii): association with bovine papillomavirus type 1 infection. | sarcoids were diagnosed in two captive zebras from different facilities. zebra 1 (equus burchellii boehmi) was a 4.5-yr-old, captive-born male that presented with a 9- by 7-cm inguinal mass. seven months after surgical excision of the inguinal mass, the zebra presented with a similar lesion in the right upper eyelid that has relapsed repeatedly and has not responded to treatment including local cisplatin injections and cryosurgery. zebra 2 (of undetermined taxon) was housed at a private wild ani ... | 2005 | 17315460 |
| a note on motor laterality in plains zebras (equus burchellii) and impalas (aepyceros melampus). | this observational field study used intermittent still photography to examine the distribution of motor laterality in images of two african grazing quadruped species: plains zebras (equus burchellii) and impalas (aepyceros melampus). zebra images (n=708) had a laterality index of -6.21 and a z-score of -1.65 (p=.098). impala images (n=318) had a laterality index of -18.87 and a z-score of -3.36 (p=.0008). the weak left motor bias in zebras aligns with that reported in domestic horses using a rel ... | 2007 | 17712714 |
| karyotypic relationships among equus grevyi, equus burchelli and domestic horse defined using horse chromosome arm-specific probes. | using laser microdissection we prepared a set of horse chromosome arm-specific probes. most of the probes were generated from horse chromosomes, some of them were derived from equus zebra hartmannae. the set of probes were hybridized onto e. grevyi chromosomes in order to establish a genome-wide chromosomal correspondence between this zebra and horse. the use of arm-specific probes provided us with more information on the mutual arrangement of the genomes than we could obtain by means of whole-c ... | 2007 | 17874215 |
| mammalian body size changes and plio-pleistocene environmental shifts: implications for understanding hominin evolution in eastern and southern africa. | this study examines geographic and temporal variation in three mammalian taxa co-occurring in eastern and southern africa. the selected taxa-the spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta), the plains zebra (equus burchellii), and the impala (aepyceros melampus)--are geographically widespread in modern times and are abundant in eastern and southern african plio-pleistocene fossil sites. craniodental measurements of modern conspecifics from known geographic locations are compared using multivariate statistic ... | 2007 | 17915290 |
| prevalence of antibodies against rift valley fever virus in kenyan wildlife. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is an arbovirus associated with periodic outbreaks, mostly on the african continent, of febrile disease accompanied by abortion in livestock, and a severe, fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in humans. however, the maintenance of the virus during the inter-epidemic period (iep) when there is low or no disease activity detected in livestock or humans has not been determined. this study report prevalence of rvfv-neutralizing antibodies in sera (n=896) collected from 16 keny ... | 2008 | 17988425 |
| characterization of streptococcus equi subsp. ruminatorum isolated from spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) and plains zebras (equus burchelli), and identification of a m-like protein (srm) encoding gene. | thirteen strains of streptococcus equi subsp. ruminatorum from free-ranging spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) and plains zebras (equus burchelli) in tanzania were characterized by biochemical and molecular-biological methods. although the colony appearance of the s.e. ruminatorum wildlife strains differed from that of the s.e. ruminatorum type strain cect 5772(t), all biochemical reactions of the wildlife strains were similar to those of the type strain. in addition, all wildlife strains produced ... | 2008 | 17997053 |
| prevalence and body distribution of sarcoids in south african cape mountain zebra (equus zebra zebra). | there are no reports in the literature describing any tumours, and specifically sarcoids, in zebras. the equine sarcoid, a locally aggressive, fibroblastic skin tumour, is the most common dermatological neoplasm reported in horses. the cape mountain zebra (cmz) has been described as one of the most vulnerable mammals in south africa with current populations existing in isolated units. all south african cmz are descendants from no more than 30 individual animals originating from 3 populations, na ... | 2007 | 18237037 |
| impacts of large herbivorous mammals on bird diversity and abundance in an african savanna. | large native mammals are declining dramatically in abundance across africa, with strong impacts on both plant and animal community dynamics. however, the net effects of this large-scale loss in megafauna are poorly understood because responses by several ecologically important groups have not been assessed. we used a large-scale, replicated exclusion experiment in kenya to investigate the impacts of different guilds of native and domestic large herbivores on the diversity and abundance of birds ... | 2008 | 18288493 |
| rainfall influences on ungulate population abundance in the mara-serengeti ecosystem. | 1. rainfall is the prime climatic factor underpinning the dynamics of african savanna ungulates, but no study has analysed its influence on the abundance of these ungulates at monthly to multiannual time scales. 2. we report relationships between rainfall and changes in age- and sex-structured abundances of seven ungulate species monitored monthly for 15 years using vehicle ground counts in the maasai mara national reserve, kenya. 3. abundance showed strong and curvilinear relationships with cur ... | 2008 | 18422558 |
| high variation and very low differentiation in wide ranging plains zebra (equus quagga): insights from mtdna and microsatellites. | patterns of genetic differentiation in the plains zebra (equus quagga) were analysed using mitochondrial dna control region variation and seven microsatellites. the six morphologically defined subspecies of plains zebra lacked the population genetic structure indicative of distinct evolutionary units. both marker sets showed high levels of genetic variation and very low levels of differentiation. there was no geographical structuring of mitochondrial dna haplotypes in the phylogenetic tree, and ... | 2008 | 18466230 |
| molecular phylogeny of equine herpesvirus 1 isolates from onager, zebra and thomson's gazelle. | viruses related to equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) were isolated from an aborted fetus of an onager (equus hemionus) in 1984, an aborted fetus of grevy's zebra (equus grevyi) in 1984 and a thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsoni) with nonsuppurative encephalitis in 1996, all in the usa. the mother of the onager fetus and the gazelle were kept near plains zebras (equus burchelli). in phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of the genes for glycoproteins b (gb), i (gi), and e (ge), and ... | 2008 | 19002555 |
| detection of anaplasma antibodies in wildlife and domestic species in wildlife-livestock interface areas of kenya by major surface protein 5 competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the seroprevalence of anaplasma antibodies in wildlife (eland, blue wildebeest, kongoni, impala, thomson's gazelle, grant's gazelle, giraffe and plains zebra) and domestic animal (cattle, sheep and goat) populations was studied in wildlife/livestock interface areas of kenya. serum samples were analyzed by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-elisa), using a recombinant antigen (msp-5) from anaplasma marginale surface membrane. a monoclonal antibody, fc-16, was used as the ... | 2008 | 19040134 |
| detection of equid herpesvirus 9 dna in the trigeminal ganglia of a burchell's zebra from the serengeti ecosystem. | equid herpesvirus 9 (ehv-9) was isolated from a herd of thomson's gazelles affected by encephalitis. the natural host of ehv-9 is unknown, but zebras are suspected to be the source of infection in gazelles. to prove this hypothesis, we analyzed 43 sera from burchell's zebras (equus burchelli) and 21 thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni) from the serengeti ecosystem for neutralizing antibodies. seven zebra sera were positive for ehv-1, ehv-9 and ehv-1 from grevy's zebra strains t965 and t616. the ... | 2008 | 19122410 |
| variation in faecal water content may confound estimates of gastro-intestinal parasite intensity in wild african herbivores. | estimates of parasite intensity within host populations are essential for many studies of host-parasite relationships. here we evaluated the seasonal, age- and sex-related variability in faecal water content for two wild ungulate species, springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) and plains zebra (equus quagga). we then assessed whether or not faecal water content biased conclusions regarding differences in strongyle infection rates by season, age or sex. there was evidence of significant variation in ... | 2010 | 19627626 |
| suckling behavior in captive plains zebra (equus burchellii): sex differences in foal behavior. | we predicted that the proportion of suckling attempts rejected and terminated by the mother would be greater for female foals than male foals, based on parent offspring conflict theory and on the assumption that throughout the study, all zebra mothers were in good condition because of captivity. we presumed that an increasing rate of suckling terminated or rejected by a mother would indicate a decreasing effort by the mother to invest in her offspring. we observed foals of captive plains zebras ... | 2010 | 19783690 |
| phylogeny of horse chromosome 5q in the genus equus and centromere repositioning. | horses, asses and zebras belong to the genus equus and are the only extant species of the family equidae in the order perissodactyla. in a previous work we demonstrated that a key factor in the rapid karyotypic evolution of this genus was evolutionary centromere repositioning, that is, the shift of the centromeric function to a new position without alteration of the order of markers along the chromosome. in search of previously undiscovered evolutionarily new centromeres, we traced the phylogeny ... | 2009 | 20016166 |
| [diversity and bioactivities of cultured actinomycete isolated from animal feces and xylocopa dissimilis]. | to study the diversity and bioactivities of cultured actinomycete from feces of ailuropoda melanoleuca, equus burchelli and rhizomys sinensis, and xylocopa dissimilis body. | 2009 | 20030051 |
| efficacy of an in-feed formulation containing ivermectin for the control of intestinal strongyles in captive zebras (equus burchelli (gray, 1824)). | the efficacy of medicated food pellets (containing 10mg of ivermectin per kg, unifeed, veronesi, verona, italy) was evaluated for the control of intestinal strongyles in a group of captive zebras (equus burchelli) at the safari park, fasano (apulia region, brindisi province, southern italy). the egg reappearance period and the faecal egg counts in terms of eggs per gram of faeces were investigated. from day 0 until day +9, 30 zebras were fed with medicated pellets and pooled faecal samples were ... | 2010 | 20071086 |
| trypanosoma brucei infection in asymptomatic greater kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros) on a game ranch in zambia. | trypomastogotes of trypanosoma brucei were detected from 4 asymptomatic kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros) on a game ranch located approximately 45 km north east of lusaka, zambia. blood smears examined from 14 wildlife species comprising of the impala (aepyceros melampus), kafue lechwe (kobus leche kafuensis), sable antelope (hippotragus niger), tsessebe (damaliscus lunatus), warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus), puku (kobus vardoni), zebra (equus burchelli), waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus), bushb ... | 2010 | 20333288 |
| putative clinical piroplasmosis in a burchell's zebra (equus quagga burchelli). | a 10-year-old tame zebra gelding was presented after suffering from lethargy, nervousness, reported anaemia and icterus as well as a decreased appetite. these symptoms were seen over some months, with changing severity. the animal was immobilised, treated, and blood specimens were submitted for haematology and biochemistry. this report describes molecular characterisation of theileria equi recovered from this animal, as well as the clinical findings, treatment and historical relevance of piropla ... | 2009 | 20458869 |
| comparing responses of four ungulate species to playbacks of baboon alarm calls. | a growing body of evidence suggests that a wide range of animals can recognize and respond appropriately to calls produced by other species. social learning has been implicated as a possible mechanism by which heterospecific call recognition might develop. to examine whether familiarity and/or shared vulnerability with the calling species might influence the ability of sympatric species to distinguish heterospecific alarm calls, we tested whether four ungulate species (impala: aepyceros melampus ... | 2010 | 20607576 |
| genetic diversity of piroplasms in plains zebra (equus quagga burchellii) and cape mountain zebra (equus zebra zebra) in south africa. | seventy edta blood samples collected from plains zebra (equus quagga burchellii) and cape mountain zebra (equus zebra zebra) were screened for the presence of piroplasm parasite dna using quantitative t. equi-specific and b. caballi-specific taqman real-time pcr (qpcr) tests. t. equi parasite dna was detected in 60 samples, 19 of which were also positive for b. caballi. approximately 1480bp of the piroplasm 18s rrna gene was amplified and sequenced from 17 samples, while the v4 hypervariable reg ... | 2010 | 20833476 |
| group dynamics of zebra and wildebeest in a woodland savanna: effects of predation risk and habitat density. | group dynamics of gregarious ungulates in the grasslands of the african savanna have been well studied, but the trade-offs that affect grouping of these ungulates in woodland habitats or dense vegetation are less well understood. we examined the landscape-level distribution of groups of blue wildebeest, connochaetes taurinus, and burchell's zebra, equus burchelli, in a predominantly woodland area (karongwe game reserve, south africa; kgr) to test the hypothesis that group dynamics are a function ... | 2010 | 20862216 |
| seasonal and demographic factors influencing gastrointestinal parasitism in ungulates of etosha national park. | host-parasite dynamics can be strongly affected by seasonality and age-related host immune responses. we investigated how observed variation in the prevalence and intensity of parasite egg or oocyst shedding in four co-occurring ungulate species may reflect underlying seasonal variation in transmission and host immunity. this study was conducted july 2005-october 2006 in etosha national park, namibia, using indices of parasitism recorded from 1,022 fecal samples collected from plains zebra (equu ... | 2010 | 20966262 |
| a case of adoption and allonursing in captive plains zebra (equus burchellii). | although allonursing (allowing non-filial offspring to suckle) can be a costly behaviour, it has been reported for many mammals including ungulate species. however, such behaviour is very rare in equids. this is the first report on adoption and allonursing in captive plains zebra (equus burchellii), recorded in the dvůr králové zoo, czech republic. we observed a case of adoption of an orphaned foal by a lactating mare, who then regularly nursed two foals (filial and non-filial). the allonursing ... | 2010 | 21126562 |
| physico-chemical, microbiological, textural and sensory attributes of matured game salami produced from springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), gemsbok (oryx gazella), kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros) and zebra (equus burchelli) harvested in namibia. | differences and consumer acceptability of matured salami produced from game species were evaluated. the ph of the salami differed (p < 0.05) with springbok salami having the highest mean ph value. no differences (p > 0.05) were observed among the species for a(w), shear force, gumminess or cohesiveness. microbiological counts of the game salami differed for coliform (p < 0.05) but not for e. coli (p > 0.05) counts. the most distinctive characteristics observed by the quantitative descriptive ana ... | 2010 | 21185658 |
| morphological and physiological aspects of digestive processes in the graminivorous primate theropithecus gelada-a preliminary study. | hindgut fermentation has been suggested to contribute significantly to the digestive process in the gelada (theropithecus gelada). we therefore hypothesized that in an in vitro fermentation test (hohenheim gas test, using gas production as measure of microbial digestion) inoculum based on fresh gelada feces would degrade grass to a similar degree as zebra (equus burchelli chapmani) feces and to a higher degree than that of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas). additionally, morphology of gelada t ... | 2011 | 21432874 |
| pattern of faecal 20-oxopregnane and oestrogen concentrations during pregnancy in wild plains zebra mares. | regulative endocrine mechanisms influence the reproductive behaviour and success of mammals, but they have been studied predominantly in domestic and captive animals. the study aims at describing the pattern of faecal 20-oxopregnane and oestrogen concentrations during pregnancy in wild plains zebra equus quagga chapmani. data were collected during wet and dry seasons 2007-2009. enzyme immunoassays were used to determine 20-oxopregnane and oestrogen concentrations in faecal samples (n=74) collect ... | 2011 | 21463629 |
| adaptive molecular evolution of the major histocompatibility complex genes, dra and dqa, in the genus equus. | abstract: background: major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes are central to vertebrate immune response and are believed to be under balancing selection by pathogens. this hypothesis has been supported by observations of extreme genetic diversity, elevated nonsynonymous to synonymous base pair substitution rates and trans-species polymorphism at these loci. in equids, the organization and variability of this gene family has been described, however the full extent of diversity and selection ... | 2011 | 21592397 |
| chromosomal assignment of six genes (eif4g3, hsp90, rbbp6, il8, tert, and terc) in four species of the genus equus. | we mapped six genes (eif4g3, hsp90, rbbp6, il8, tert, and terc) on the chromosomes of equus caballus, equus asinus, equus grevyi, and equus burchelli by fluorescence in situ hybridization. our results add six type i markers to the cytogenetic map of these species and provide new information on the comparative genomics of the genus equus. | 2011 | 21774619 |
| sequence variability in three mitochondrial genes among four roundworm species from wild animals in china. | sequence variability in three mitochondrial dna (mtdna) regions, namely portions of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1), nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (pnad1) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 (pnad4), for toxocara canis. baylisacaris transfuga. ascaris suum and parascaris equorum from canis lupus. ursus thibetanus. sus scrofa and equus burchelli in china were examined. the lengths of the sequences of pcox1, pnad1 and pnad4 were 711 bp, 648 bp and 666 bp, respectively. no intra-species differen ... | 2015 | 24041450 |
| draft genome sequences of two bacillus anthracis strains from etosha national park, namibia. | bacillus anthracis strains k1 and k2 were isolated from two plains zebra anthrax carcasses in etosha national park, namibia. these are draft genomes obtained by illumina miseq sequencing of isolates collected from culture of blood-soaked soil from each carcass. | 2016 | 27563043 |
| gastrointestinal helminths may affect host susceptibility to anthrax through seasonal immune trade-offs. | most vertebrates experience coinfections, and many pathogen-pathogen interactions occur indirectly through the host immune system. these interactions are particularly strong in mixed micro-macroparasite infections because of immunomodulatory effects of helminth parasites. while these trade-offs have been examined extensively in laboratory animals, few studies have examined them in natural systems. additionally, many wildlife pathogens fluctuate seasonally, at least partly due to seasonal host im ... | 2014 | 25388877 |