| cardiomyopathy in stranded pygmy and dwarf sperm whales. | necropsy and histologic examinations were performed in 23 pygmy sperm whales (kogia breviceps) and 6 dwarf sperm whales (kogia simus) that had been stranded singly or in cow-calf pairs along the southeastern coastline of the united states. at necropsy, the gross findings in the adult whales included pale, flabby right ventricles. microscopically, lesions in the hearts of the whales were characterized by moderate to extensive myocellular degeneration, atrophy, and fibrosis. similar changes were n ... | 1985 | 4077624 |
| identification of novel alpha- and gammaherpesviruses from cutaneous and mucosal lesions of dolphins and whales. | total dna extracted from mucosal and skin lesions of captive and stranded cetaceans was analyzed for herpesvirus dna by nested and direct polymerase chain reactions (pcr). the targeted sequences corresponded to a region of the dna polymerase gene containing multiple conserved amino acid motifs. herpesvirus genomic dna fragments (222-244 bp) were amplified from 11 lesions by nested pcr and from eight lesions ( approximately 730 bp) using direct pcr from us cetaceans. fragments of various sizes we ... | 2006 | 16784784 |
| the olfactory receptor gene repertoires in secondary-adapted marine vertebrates: evidence for reduction of the functional proportions in cetaceans. | an olfactory receptor (or) multigene family is responsible for the well-developed sense of smell possessed by terrestrial tetrapods. mammalian or genes had diverged greatly in the terrestrial environment after the fish-tetrapod split, indicating their importance to land habitation. in this study, we analysed or genes of marine tetrapods (minke whale balaenoptera acutorostrata, dwarf sperm whale kogia sima, dall's porpoise phocoenoides dalli, steller's sea lion eumetopias jubatus and loggerhead s ... | 2007 | 17535789 |
| bartonella species detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans. | we present prevalence of bartonella spp. for multiple cohorts of wild and captive cetaceans. one hundred and six cetaceans including 86 bottlenose dolphins (71 free-ranging, 14 captive in a facility with a dolphin experiencing debility of unknown origin, 1 stranded), 11 striped dolphins, 4 harbor porpoises, 3 risso's dolphins, 1 dwarf sperm whale and 1 pygmy sperm whale (all stranded) were sampled. whole blood (n = 95 live animals) and tissues (n = 15 freshly dead animals) were screened by pcr ( ... | 2008 | 18721502 |
| additional records of metazoan parasites from caribbean marine mammals, including genetically identified anisakid nematodes. | studies of marine mammal parasites in the caribbean are scarce. an assessment for marine mammal endo- and ectoparasites from puerto rico and the virgin islands, but extending to other areas of the caribbean, was conducted between 1989 and 1994. the present study complements the latter and enhances identification of anisakid nematodes using molecular markers. parasites were collected from 59 carcasses of stranded cetaceans and manatees from 1994 to 2006, including globicephala macrorhynchus, kogi ... | 2009 | 19582477 |
| molecular characterization of a novel gammaretrovirus in killer whales (orcinus orca). | there are currently no published data documenting the presence of retroviruses in cetaceans, though the occurrences of cancers and immunodeficiency states suggest the potential. we examined tissues from adult killer whales and detected a novel gammaretrovirus by degenerate pcr. reverse transcription-pcr also demonstrated tissue and serum expression of retroviral mrna. the full-length sequence of the provirus was obtained by pcr, and a taqman-based copy number assay did not demonstrate evidence o ... | 2009 | 19812152 |
| metazoan parasites of cetaceans off the northeastern coast of brazil. | this study represents the first survey of the parasitic fauna of cetaceans off the northeastern coast of brazil. parasites were collected from 82 animals rescued from the states of ceará to bahia, including the archipelago of fernando de noronha. a total of 14 species of cetaceans were evaluated: sotalia guianensis, stenella sp., stenella clymene, stenella longirostris, stenella coeruleoalba, stenella frontalis, megaptera novaeangliae, peponocephala electra, steno bredanensis, kogia breviceps, k ... | 2010 | 20638793 |
| parasites of cetaceans stranded on the pacific coast of costa rica. | information regarding parasitic fauna of cetaceans from costa rica is provided for the first time. a total of 25 stranded dolphins and whales were examined between 2001 and 2009, including striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba) (n=19), pantropical spotted dolphin (s. attenuata) (n=2), spinner dolphin (s. longirostris) (n=1), bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) (n=1), dwarf sperm whale (kogia sima) (n=1) and cuvier's beaked whale (ziphius cavirostris) (n=1). pathological findings associated ... | 2011 | 21665367 |
| morphological and genetic identification of anisakis paggiae (nematoda: anisakidae) in dwarf sperm whale kogia sima from brazilian waters. | anisakid nematodes have been identified in a wide variety of fish and marine mammal species. in brazil, anisakis physeteris, a. insignis, a. typica, a. nascetti, and those of the a. simplex complex have been reported infecting fishes and cetaceans. in this study, specimens collected from a dwarf sperm whale kogia sima (owen, 1866) stranded on the northeastern coast of brazil were identified through morphological and genetic analyses as a. paggiae. anisakids were examined through differential int ... | 2015 | 25751853 |
| marine mammal strandings in the new caledonia region, southwest pacific. | four hundred twenty three marine mammals, in 72 stranding events, were recorded between 1877 and 2005 in new caledonia, the loyalty islands, and vanuatu in the southwest pacific. sixteen species were represented in this count, including: minke whale, balaenoptera acutorostrata (1 single stranding), sei whale, b. borealis (1 single stranding), blue whale, b. musculus (1 single stranding), humpback whale, megaptera novaeangliae (2 single strandings), giant sperm whale, physeter macrocephalus (18 s ... | 2006 | 16644500 |
| complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from the humpback whale, megaptera novaeangliae. | the complete primary structure of the major component myoglobin from the humpback whale, megaptera novaeangliae, was determined by specific cleavage of the protein to obtain large peptides which are readily degraded by the automatic sequencer. over 80% of the amino acid sequence was established from the three peptides resulting from the cleavage of the acetimidated apomyoglobin at the three arginine residues with trypsin. the further digestion of the central cyanogen bromide peptide with trypsin ... | 1978 | 698193 |
| the complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from the arctic minke whale, balaenoptera acutorostrata. | the complete primary structure of the major component myoglobin from the arctic minke whale, balaenoptera acutorostrata, was determined by specific cleavage of the protein to obtain large peptides which are readily degraded by the automatic sequencer. over 80% of the amino acid sequence was established from the three peptides resulting from the cleavage of the apomyoglobin at the two methionine residues with cyanogen bromide along with the four peptides resulting from the cleavage of the methyla ... | 1977 | 836810 |
| cetacean brain evolution: dwarf sperm whale (kogia sima) and common dolphin (delphinus delphis) - an investigation with high-resolution 3d mri. | this study compares a whole brain of the dwarf sperm whale (kogia sima) with that of a common dolphin (delphinus delphis) using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (mri). the kogia brain was scanned with a siemens trio magnetic resonance scanner in the three main planes. as in the common dolphin and other marine odontocetes, the brain of the dwarf sperm whale is large, with the telencephalic hemispheres remarkably dominating the brain stem. the neocortex is voluminous and the cortical gre ... | 2010 | 20203478 |
| evolutionary patterns among living and fossil kogiid sperm whales: evidence from the neogene of central america. | kogiids are known by two living species, the pygmy and dwarf sperm whale (kogia breviceps and k. sima). both are relatively rare, and as their names suggest, they are closely related to the sperm whale, all being characterized by the presence of a spermaceti organ. however, this organ is much reduced in kogiids and may have become functionally different. here we describe a fossil kogiid from the late miocene of panama and we explore the evolutionary history of the group with special attention to ... | 2015 | 25923213 |
| histological, immunohistochemical and pathological features of the pituitary gland of odontocete cetaceans from the western gulf of mexico. | pituitary glands were recovered from dolphins and small whales found stranded along the texas coast of the gulf of mexico over a 15-year period (1991-2006). one hundred animals of 14 species were found to be suitable for inclusion in this study. of these, 72 were atlantic bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus). other species included were the melon-headed whale (peponocephala electra), spinner dolphin (stenella longirostris), striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba), pantropical spotted dolphin ... | 2008 | 18621384 |
| investigation of trophic level and niche partitioning of 7 cetacean species by stable isotopes, and cadmium and arsenic tissue concentrations in the western pacific ocean. | a total of 24 stranded or bycatch cetaceans, including balaenoptera omurai, lagenodelphis hosei, kogia sima, stenella attenuata, grampus griseus, neophocaena phocaenoides, and sousa chinensis, were collected from 2001 to 2011 in taiwan. using the muscular δ(13)c and δ(15)n data, three ecological groups were identified as the oceanic baleen whale, the neritic, and the coastal toothed whale groups, coinciding with their taxonomy, feeding habits and geographical distribution. a horizontal inshore t ... | 2015 | 25684592 |
| tissue concentrations of four taiwanese toothed cetaceans indicating the silver and cadmium pollution in the western pacific ocean. | muscle, lung, kidney and liver tissues of 45 bycatch and stranded cetaceans, including 14 grampus griseus (gg), 7 kogia simus (ks), 10 lagenodelphis hosei (lh), and 14 stenella attenuata (sa), were collected in the waters off taiwan from 1994 to 1995, and from 2001 to 2012. baseline concentrations (in μgg(-1) dry weight) of the cetaceans were lung (<0.05)=muscle (<0.05)<kidney (0.08±0.04)<liver (0.43±0.28) for ag, and muscle (0.03±0.03)=lung (0.22±0.19)<liver (3.82±3.50)<kidney (16.22±18.81) for ... | 2017 | 28442199 |
| stranding events of kogia whales along the brazilian coast. | the genus kogia, which comprises only two extant species, kogia sima and kogia breviceps, represents one of the least known groups of cetaceans in the global ocean. in some coastal regions, however, stranding events of these species have been relatively common over the last decades. stranding provides the opportunity to investigate the biology of these cetaceans and to explore the epidemiological aspects associated with the mortality of the organisms found on the beach. a number of disturbances ... | 2016 | 26730951 |
| albicetus oxymycterus, a new generic name and redescription of a basal physeteroid (mammalia, cetacea) from the miocene of california, and the evolution of body size in sperm whales. | living sperm whales are represented by only three species (physeter macrocephalus, kogia breviceps and kogia sima), but their fossil record provides evidence of an ecologically diverse array of different forms, including morphologies and body sizes without analog among living physeteroids. here we provide a redescription of ontocetus oxymycterus, a large but incomplete fossil sperm whale specimen from the middle miocene monterey formation of california, described by remington kellogg in 1925. th ... | 2015 | 26651027 |
| lung size and thoracic morphology in shallow- and deep-diving cetaceans. | shallow-diving, coastal bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) and deep-diving, pelagic pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (kogia breviceps and k. sima) will experience vastly different ambient pressures at depth, which will influence the volume of air within their lungs and potentially the degree of thoracic collapse they experience. this study tested the hypotheses that lung size will be reduced and/or thoracic mobility will be enhanced in deeper divers. lung mass (t. truncatus, n = 106; kogiids, ... | 2010 | 20077515 |
| a functional comparison of the hyolingual complex in pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (kogia breviceps and k. sima), and bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus). | the function of the hyolingual complex in three odontocete species was investigated to compare adaptations of divergent feeding strategies, suction and ram feeding. pygmy and dwarf sperm whales, members of the genus kogia (or kogiids), are known to be strong suction feeders. we tested the hypotheses that kogiids would have a larger, more robust hyolingual complex, and that hyolingual muscles would have a greater maximum theoretical muscle tension compared with ram-based feeders such as bottlenos ... | 2007 | 17555545 |
| feeding kinematics of kogia and tursiops (odontoceti: cetacea): characterization of suction and ram feeding. | the feeding kinematics of dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (kogia sima and k. breviceps) and bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus were characterized and compared incorporating the ram-suction index (rsi). mean rsi data support a suction feeding strategy for kogia (-0.67+/-0.29; mean +/- s.d.) and a ram feeding strategy for tursiops (0.94+/-0.11; mean +/- s.d.). tursiops displayed two ram-based feeding behaviours: open gape approach, where gape was at least 50% of maximum in the first video field, ... | 2005 | 16169949 |
| a survey of trace element distribution in tissues of the dwarf sperm whale (kogia sima) stranded along the south carolina coast from 1990-2011. | few studies report trace elements in dwarf sperm whale (kogia sima). as high trophic level predators, marine mammals are exposed through diet to environmental contaminants including metals from anthropogenic sources. inputs of hg, pb, and cd are of particular concern due to toxicity and potential for atmospheric dispersion and subsequent biomagnification. liver and kidney tissues of stranded k. sima from coastal south carolina, usa, were analyzed for 22 trace elements. age-related correlations w ... | 2015 | 26386505 |
| anisakis species (nematoda: anisakidae) of dwarf sperm whale kogia sima (owen, 1866) stranded off the pacific coast of southern philippine archipelago. | anisakid nematodes in the pacific region of the philippine archipelago still remain unexplored. this study was carried out to identify anisakid species from one of their final hosts, the kogiid whale (dwarf sperm whale, kogia sima) stranded off the southern part (davao gulf) of the philippine archipelago. anisakid worms were initially identified morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy, whereas identification to species level was carried out molecularly using pcr-rflp and seq ... | 2013 | 23786786 |
| magnetic resonance images of the brain of a dwarf sperm whale (kogia simus). | cetacean (dolphin, whale and porpoise) brains are among the least studied mammalian brains because of the difficulty of collecting and histologically preparing such relatively rare and large specimens. among cetaceans, there exist relatively few studies of the brain of the dwarf sperm whale (kogia simus). magnetic resonance imaging (mri) offers a means of observing the internal structure of the brain when traditional histological procedures are not practical. therefore, mri has become a critical ... | 2003 | 12892406 |
| the complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin of dwarf sperm whale (kogia simus). | the complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from the dwarf sperm whale, kogia simus, was determined by specific cleavage of the protein to obtain large peptides which are readily degraded by the automatic sequenator. three easily separable peptides were obtained by cleaving the protein at its two methionine residues, and five peptides were obtained from the methyl acetimidated protein by cleavage with trypsin at the four arginine residues. sequenator analysis of these fragm ... | 1977 | 843520 |