| the chediak-higashi syndrome of cats. | initial clinical, genetic, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies have characterized the chediak-higashi syndrome in cats. three cats with chediak-higashi syndrome were found in a single line of 27 persian cats, and three additional affected cats were produced from two prospective breedings of the original line. the disorder was characterized genetically as an autosomal recessive condition. all cats in the line with the combination of yellow eye color and "blue smoke" hair color exhibited the ... | 1977 | 865082 |
| [study of the composition of killer whale meat as a source of balanced proteins]. | investigations have shown the proteins of the orca meat to consist largely of complete water-salt and alkaline-soluble fractions and of an insignificant amount of connective-tissue proteins. the proteins of the orca meat contain all the amino acids, including essential ones. the lysine and histidine content there in is 1.5 times as high in the proteins of beef. the completeness of the amino acids composition of orca meat proteins enables it to utilize this raw material for obtaining valuable foo ... | 1976 | 1021997 |
| lipoproteins in pinnipeds: analysis of a high molecular weight form of apolipoprotein e. | we have examined the apolipoprotein content of the lipoproteins of several marine mammals by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. their apolipoprotein (apo) b-100, apob-48, and apoa-i migrated to virtually the same position as the comparable human apolipoproteins. in cetaceans (bottlenose dolphins and killer whales), the molecular mass of the apoe was identical to that of human apoe (35 kda). in contrast, in the lipoproteins of pinnipeds (harbor seals, sea lions, and walrus ... | 1991 | 1940617 |
| [mycobacteriosis in sea mammals and birds]. | different diagnostic techniques for mycobacteria were studied in sea lions, sea elephants, fur seals, dolphins, killer whales and penguins from a sea aquarium. three strains were isolated from fur seals. two were classified as mycobacterium chelonae and one as mycobacterium fortuitum complex. there was good correlation between the results given by the intradermal tuberculin test and elisa, but the former is recommended as a screening test on the basis of its practicality. results and methodology ... | 1990 | 2132708 |
| hepatitis b-like infection in a pacific white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus obliquidens). | a pacific white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus obliquidens) developed clinical signs, serum biochemical values, and serologic viral markers consistent with chronic persistent hepatitis caused by a hepatitis b-like virus. the hepatitis had a sporadic cyclical pattern of lethargy, inappetance, and icterus, with leukocytosis and increased serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. the serum from this dolphin contained hepatitis b virus core antib ... | 1990 | 2295547 |
| critical evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyl toxicity in terrestrial and marine mammals: increasing impact of non-ortho and mono-ortho coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls from land to ocean. | residues of potentially toxic non-ortho chlorine substituted coplanar 3,3',4,4'-tetra-,3,3',4,4',5-penta-, 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and their mono- and di-ortho analogs 2,3',4,4',5-penta, 2,3,3',4,4'-penta-, 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexa- and 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexa-, 2,2',3,4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl) were determined in humans, dogs, cats (terrestrial), a finless porpoise (neophocoena phocoenoides--coastal), dall's porpoises (phocoenoides dalli, dalli), baird's beaked whales (berardius bairdii) and ki ... | 1989 | 2515809 |
| chediak-higashi syndrome: prenatal diagnosis by fetal blood examination in the feline model of the disease. | chediak-higashi syndrome (chs) is an autosomal recessive disease of humans, mink, cattle, mice, killer whales, cats, and blue and silver foxes. the disease is characterized by incomplete oculocutaneous albinism, recurrent and severe pyogenic infections, a bleeding tendency secondary to a platelet storage pool deficiency, and enlarged granules in many types of cells. humans with chs usually die during childhood. it has been suggested that the prenatal diagnosis of chs should be possible by the de ... | 1989 | 2543222 |
| hodgkin's disease in a killer whale (orcinus orca). | hodgkin's disease (hd) is reported in a killer whale (orcinus orca). generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were noted at necropsy and histopathological examination revealed diffuse proliferation of atypical large cells with huge eosinophilic nucleoli. they were often multinucleated, and binucleated forms characteristic of sternberg-reed cells of human hd were occasionally present. there was no cytological atypia in the background lymphocytes. thus, the lesion was identified as analogous t ... | 1989 | 2715402 |
| interspecific genetic complementation analysis with fibroblasts from humans and four species of animals with chediak-higashi syndrome. | although the autosomal recessive disease chediak-higashi syndrome (chs) has been described in humans, cats, mink, cattle, mice, killer whales, blue foxes, and silver foxes, and these conditions appear quite similar, no direct evidence of the homology of this disease in the various species has been presented. to determine if chs in humans, cats, mink, cattle, and mice is due to a mutant gene at the homologous genetic locus in each species, or alternatively, if these are merely similar syndromes, ... | 1987 | 3322007 |
| a comparative study of the lesions in cultured fibroblasts of humans and four species of animals with chediak-higashi syndrome. | the chediak-higashi syndrome (chs) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease of humans, and clinically similar diseases occur in cats, mink, cattle, mice, killer whales, blue foxes, and silver foxes. it is characterized by incomplete albinism, increased susceptibility to infection, and the most distinctive hallmark, the presence of enlarged cytoplasmic granules in many cell types. the acid phosphatase-positive granules, lysosomes, of fibroblasts from control and chs humans, cats, mink, cattle, a ... | 1987 | 3425619 |
| natural antibodies to human lymphocytes and erythrocytes in the serum of orcinus orca killer whale. | the existence of naturally occurring heterophile antibodies to antigenic determinants on human blood cell membranes has long been known. it has been shown that the serum of orcinus orca (killer whale) does contain similar antibody. absorption techniques in concert with either microagglutination or complement-dependent microcytotoxicity assays revealed at least three antibody specificities erythrocyte (rbc), b-lymphocyte and t-lymphocyte. human erythrocyte specificity has been separated from othe ... | 1987 | 3678562 |
| hageman factor (factor xii) deficiency in marine mammals. | hematologic and coagulation studies were conducted on atlantic bottlenose dolphins and killer whales. hematologic values were similar to those in man. these animals differed from other mammals in that the hageman factor (factor xii) was absent and this absence caused marked prolongation of coagulation. levels of factors viii and v were high and those of vii and x were low compared with levels in man. | 1969 | 5388978 |
| abstracts of papers presented at the 26th orca congress. june 28 to 30, 1979, stirling, scotland. | | 1980 | 6102892 |
| the antibody response to myoglobin is independent of the immunized species. analysis in terms of replacements in the antigenic sites and in environmental residues of the cross-reactions of fifteen myoglobins with sperm-whale myoglobin antisera raised in different species. | the recent determination of the entire antigenic structure of sperm-whale myoglobin with rabbit and goat antisera has permitted the examination of whether the antigenic structure recognized by antibodies depends on the species in which the antisera are raised. also, by knowledge of the antigenic structure, the molecular factors that determine and influence antigenicity can be better understood in terms of the effects of amino acid substitutions occurring in the antigenic sites and in the environ ... | 1980 | 6169338 |
| a review of heavy metal and organochlorine levels in marine mammals in australia. | study of toxic contaminants in marine mammal specimens collected around australia is currently uncoordinated and piecemeal. most states collect samples but there is little or no financial support for their analysis. this study combines data, published or unpublished, from 13 sources. heavy metals have been analysed in about 676 specimens; over 400 were for mercury levels in p. macrocephalus taken at a whaling station. the remaining samples were mostly from toothed whales, a few baleen whales (< ... | 1994 | 7973602 |
| rapid arrayed filter production using the 'orca' robot. | by adapting a commercially available, general purpose laboratory robot, it is possible to produce high-density gridded hybridization filters of clone colonies or dna products. we are using this system to produce 60-90, 8 x 12 cm filters in an 8-hour day, each containing 3,456 clones arranged in 96, 6 x 6 grids. | 1994 | 8196771 |
| aggregation of killer whale platelets. | the aggregation of blood platelets is a crucial step in normal hemostasis for all mammals. circulating platelets are sensitive to a large variety of physiologic and non-physiologic stimulants, some of which are formed or exposed in conjunction with vascular damage or endothelial cell denudation. in addition, drastic pressure changes activate human platelets. killer whale platelet function, on the other hand, is very intriguing since these animals do not seem to experience untoward platelet react ... | 1993 | 8327987 |
| relationship between blood buffering properties, erythrocyte ph and water content, in gray seals (halichoerus grypus). | the separated plasma of gray seals (halichoerus grypus) has an unusually high non-bicarbonate buffering capacity (beta nb = d[hco3-]/dph = -21 slykes; slyke = mmol l-1 ph unit-1). to examine whether this represents a trait of mammalian carnivora, or is related instead to deep diving, we examined blood from dog and killer whale, respectively. the beta nb of separated plasma of dog was typically low (-4 to -8 slykes), as in other mammals, whereas that of the whale (-13.5 slykes), while significant ... | 1993 | 8475752 |
| nucleotide sequence of the d-loop region of the sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus) mitochondrial genome. | we have amplified, by the polymerase chain reaction, and have sequenced the d-loop region of the mitochondrial dna from the sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus). the sperm whale d-loop was aligned with d-loop sequences from four other cetaceans (commerson's dolphin, orca, fin whale, and minke whale) and an out-group (cow). this alignment showed the sperm whale sequence to be larger than that of other cetaceans. in addition, some sequence blocks were highly conserved among all six species, sugges ... | 1993 | 8487632 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of interleukin 6 cdna fragments from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina), killer whale (orcinus orca), and southern sea otter (enhydra lutris nereis). | using polymerase chain reaction, interleukin-6 (il-6) cdna fragments from harbor seal (phoca vitulina), killer whale (orcinus orca), and southern sea otter (enhydra lutris nereis) were cloned and sequenced. for all three species, a continuous open reading frame encoding 203 residues for harbor seal, 199 residues for killer whale, and 201 residues for sea otter with stop codons located at analogous positions were identified. these fragments correspond to nucleotides 71 - 753 of the human il-6 tra ... | 1996 | 8575817 |
| haematological findings in captive dolphins and whales. | to examine haematological features in five species of healthy, captive marine mammals. | 1997 | 9258426 |
| antibodies to brucella in marine mammals around the coast of england and wales. | following the isolation of previously unrecognised species of brucella from stranded seals and cetaceans in scotland and northern england, a serological survey was carried out to investigate the range of marine mammal species which may have been exposed to brucella species around the coasts of england and wales, the prevalence of infection and the temporal and geographical distribution of seropositive animals. serum collected from 153 stranded marine mammals from the coasts of england and wales ... | 1997 | 9416675 |
| a comparison of human and killer whale platelet fatty acid composition. | activation of blood platelets and their subsequent aggregation results from the interactions of several complex metabolic pathways. considered to be of critical importance are the platelet lipids. subsequent to platelet activation, several membrane lipids undergo hydrolysis and the free fatty acids are metabolized to prostanoids which mediate platelet function in response to vascular injury. it is conceivable then, that differences in platelet membrane fatty acid content could result in signific ... | 1998 | 9787794 |
| quantifying complex patterns of bioacoustic variation: use of a neural network to compare killer whale (orcinus orca) dialects. | a quantitative measure of acoustic similarity is crucial to any study comparing vocalizations of different species, social groups, or individuals. the goal of this study was to develop a method of extracting frequency contours from recordings of pulsed vocalizations and to test a nonlinear index of acoustic similarity based on the error of an artificial neural network at classifying them. since the performance of neural networks depends on the amount of consistent variation in the training data, ... | 1999 | 10212431 |
| a novel jasmonate- and elicitor-responsive element in the periwinkle secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene str interacts with a jasmonate- and elicitor-inducible ap2-domain transcription factor, orca2. | jasmonate (ja) is an important plant stress hormone that induces various plant defense responses, including the biosynthesis of protective secondary metabolites. the induction of the secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene strictosidine synthase (str) in catharanthus roseus (periwinkle) cells by elicitor requires ja as a second messenger. a 42 bp region in the str promoter is both necessary and sufficient for ja- and elicitor-responsive expression. this region is unlike other previously identifie ... | 1999 | 10449411 |
| killer whales (orcinus orca) feeding on schooling herring (clupea harengus) using underwater tail-slaps: kinematic analyses of field observations. | killer whales (orcinus orca) feeding on herring (clupea harengus) in a fjord in northern norway were observed using underwater video. the whales cooperatively herded herring into tight schools close to the surface. during herding and feeding, killer whales swam around and under a school of herring, periodically lunging at it and stunning the herring by slapping them with the underside of their flukes while completely submerged. the kinematics of tail-slapping were analysed in detail. tail-slaps ... | 2000 | 10607538 |
| acapella-1k, a capillary-based submicroliter automated fluid handling system for genome analysis. | the genomation laboratory in the electrical engineering department at the university of washington has been developing an automated, high-throughput, submicroliter-scale fluid-handling system for use in molecular biology, especially as part of the human genome project and other high-throughput dna sequencing endeavors. small glass capillaries enable the preparation, handling, and monitoring of 1-microliter reaction volumes. the genomation laboratory, with corporate partners orca photonic systems ... | 2000 | 10645954 |
| molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis and expression of beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas) interleukin 6. | interleukin 6 (il-6) is a cytokine produced primarily by the monocytes/macrophages with regulatory effects in hematopoiesis, acute phase response, and multiple aspects of the immune response. il-6 exerts its activity through its binding to specific high affinity receptors at the surface of target cells. as yet, no molecular data have been reported for the beluga whale il-6. in this study, we cloned and determined the entire beluga whale il-6-encoding cdna sequence by reverse transcription-polyme ... | 2000 | 10678396 |
| predicted decline of protected whales based on molecular genetic monitoring of japanese and korean markets. | we present a two-tiered analysis of molecular genetic variation in order to determine the origins of whale' products purchased from retail markets in japan and the republic of (south) korea during 1993-1999. this approach combined phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial dna sequences for identification of protected species with a statistical comparison of intraspecific haplotype frequencies for distinguishing regional subpopulations or 'stocks' hunted for scientific research by the japanese and k ... | 2000 | 10902685 |
| the jasmonate-inducible ap2/erf-domain transcription factor orca3 activates gene expression via interaction with a jasmonate-responsive promoter element. | the ap2/erf-domain transcription factor orca3 is a master regulator of primary and secondary metabolism in catharanthus roseus (periwinkle). here we demonstrate that orca3 specifically binds to and activates gene expression via a previously characterized jasmonate- and elicitor-responsive element (jere) in the promoter of the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic gene strictosidine synthase (str). functional characterization of different domains in the orca3 protein in yeast and plant cells rev ... | 2001 | 11169181 |
| gastrointestinal parasites and prey items from a mass stranding of false killer whales, pseudorca crassidens, in rio grande do sul, southern brazil. | the gastrointestinal tract of 14 false killer whales, 6 males and 8 females, stranded in june 1995 in southern brazil, with total standard lengths from 338 to 507 cm, were analysed for endoparasites and food items. a pregnant female had a male foetus of 77.5 cm. parasites were found in all 14 false killer whales. the nematode anisakis simplex (rudolphi, 1809) was found in the stomach of 57% of the animals and the acanthocephalan bolbosoma capitatum (linstow, 1889) porta, 1908 was present in the ... | 2001 | 11340462 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus dna in genital and dermal specimens by lightcycler pcr after extraction using the isoquick, magna pure, and biorobot 9604 methods. | we evaluated two automated systems, magna pure (roche molecular biochemicals, indianapolis, ind.) and biorobot 9604 (qiagen, inc., chatsworth, calif.) as effective replacements for the manual isoquick method (orca research, inc., bothell, wash.) for extraction of herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna from dermal and genital tract specimens prior to analysis by lightcycler pcr. of 198 specimens (152 genital, 46 dermal), 92 (46.2%) were positive for hsv dna by lightcycler pcr after automated extraction o ... | 2001 | 11376062 |
| a multi-disciplinary approach to a user interface for structured data entry. | physician data entry (pde) is still an obstacle to the adoption of a cpr that replaces the paper chart. most interfaces have been designed primarily on the basis of the functional requirements. few studies document methods to elicit interface preferences from the clinician-user. we used insights from the fields of both medicine and human computer interfaces to explore interface alternatives for structured data entry (sde). we present and discuss three designs as alternatives for the sde module i ... | 2001 | 11604827 |
| immunohistochemical investigation of the cross-reactivity of selected cell markers from various species for characterization of lymphatic tissues in the harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena). | to facilitate a detailed investigation of cetacean lymphoid organs, 13 canine-, six bovine-, one equine-, one human- and four killer whale-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against cell surface antigens of the haematopoietic system (including cd2, cd4, cd8, cd45r, mhc class ii, granulocyte, thrombocyte, pan-t cell and b-cell antigen), as well as a mab and a polyclonal antibody (pab) directed against the -peptide of the human cd3 complex, were tested for immunohistochemical cross-rea ... | 2001 | 11798248 |
| staphylococcus aureus septicaemia in a killer whale. | | 2002 | 12120928 |
| evidence of helicobacter sp. in dental plaque of captive dolphins (tursiops gephyreus). | gastrointestinal lesions have been extensively reported in wild and captive marine mammals. however, their etiology remains unclear. in humans and other animals, chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers have been associated with helicobacter sp. therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the presence of helicobacter sp. in the gastric juice, dental plaque, and saliva of marine mammals living in a controlled environment. five dolphins (tursiops gephyreus), one killer whale (orcinus orca), one ... | 2002 | 12238390 |
| measurement of serum immunoglobulin concentration in killer whales and sea otters by radial immunodiffusion. | killer whales and sea otters maintained in captivity are the subjects of routine health monitoring programs, and interest in immunologic studies in sea otters has been rising recently in response to potential impacts from infectious disease and environmental pollution on the threatened southern sea otter population. development of species-specific reagents for immunologic studies in these two marine mammals is currently in its infancy. in this study, killer whale and sea otter immunoglobulin-spe ... | 2002 | 12383650 |
| ultrastructure of the spermatozoa from three odontocetes: a killer whale (orcinus orca), a pacific white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus obliquidens) and a beluga (delphinapterus leucas). | semen was collected from three captive odontocetes: a killer whale (orcinus orca); a pacific white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus obliquidens) and a beluga (delphinapterus leucas). semen was collected from the killer whale and pacific white-sided dolphin using behavioural commands, whereas semen from the beluga was collected postmortem. ultrastructure of the spermatozoa was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. species differences were more pronounced in the head sections ... | 2002 | 12479359 |
| saksenaea vasiformis and apophysomyces elegans zygomycotic infections in bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus), a killer whale (orcinus orca), and pacific white-sided dolphins (lagenorhynchus obliquidens). | during a 10-yr period, a killer whale (orcinus orca), two pacific white-sided dolphins (lagenorhynchus obliquidens), and two bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus), all housed at seaworld of texas from 1991 to 2001, were infected with fungi from the class zygomycetes. in four out of five cases, the fungi were identified as either saksenaea vasiformis or apophysomyces elegans. all fungi in the class zygomycetes aggressively invade the vascular system. death occurred within 23 days after the ini ... | 2002 | 12564534 |
| expression and functional characterization of killer whale (orcinus orca) interleukin-6 (il-6) and development of a competitive immunoassay. | interleukin-6 (il-6) is a cytokine that can reach detectable systemic levels and is a major inducer of the acute phase response. as such, clinical assays to identify this cytokine in mammalian sera are of diagnostic value. a 558 base-pair (bp) fragment of killer whale il-6 was cloned and expressed as a 21 kda protein in escherichia coli. biological activity of the recombinant killer whale il-6 (rkwil-6) was demonstrated using the il-6-dependent b9 mouse hybridoma cell line; acute phase sera from ... | 2003 | 12753777 |
| mercury contamination in the red meat of whales and dolphins marketed for human consumption in japan. | cetacean products sold for human consumption in japan originate from a wide range of whale, dolphin, and porpoise species caught off several areas of the japan coast, antarctic and north pacific oceans. we surveyed the total mercury (t-hg) levels in red meat, the most popular cetacean products in japan. we also analyzed the dna of these to obtain information regarding species. according to the genetic analysis, the red meats originating from nine species of odontocete and six species of mystecet ... | 2003 | 12854705 |
| external whole-body image of egfp gene expression. | whole-body optical imaging is an external and noninvasive procedure that enables the continuous visual monitoring of malignant growth and spread within intact animals. the human colon adenocarcinoma cell-line hct-15 was transfected with a pires 2-egfp vector, and stable enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) expression was established (fig.1). approximately 10(6) hct-15 egfp stable transfectant cells were subcutaneously injected into the left flank of six-week-old male balb/c-nu/nu mice. on ... | 2003 | 14685284 |
| automated high throughput adme assays for metabolic stability and cytochrome p450 inhibition profiling of combinatorial libraries. | early determinations of pharmaceutical properties can serve as predictors of a compound's likely development success. our laboratory has implemented high throughput in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (adme) assays which address absorption, metabolism, and physico-chemical properties in an effort to identify potential development liabilities early, thereby minimizing discovery to market attrition. in response to the throughput demands of parallel synthesis, we have incorp ... | 2004 | 15019033 |
| strouhal numbers and optimization of swimming by odontocete cetaceans. | swimming efficiencies of fish and cetaceans have been related to a certain synchrony between stroke cycle frequency, peak-to-peak tail/fluke amplitude and mean swimming speed. these kinematic parameters form a non-dimensional wake parameter, referred to as a strouhal number, which for the range between 0.20 and 0.40 has been associated with enhanced swimming efficiency for fish and cetaceans. yet to date there has been no direct experimental substantiation of what strouhal numbers are preferred ... | 2004 | 15073196 |
| the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild and captive cetaceans from japan. | the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii was investigated in wild and captive cetaceans from japan. antibodies against t. gondii were examined by both latex agglutination test (lat) and indirect hemagglutination test (ihat) for 77 serum or plasma samples obtained from 59 individuals of 6 species, including 2 hybrids. antibody titers greater than 1:64 in lat and greater than 1:640 in ihat, indicative of the presence of t. gondii, were found in 11.9% of 59 individuals. in 7 samples that showed a po ... | 2004 | 15357097 |
| zinc finger proteins act as transcriptional repressors of alkaloid biosynthesis genes in catharanthus roseus. | in catharanthus roseus cell suspensions, the expression of several terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes, including two genes encoding strictosidine synthase (str) and tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc), is coordinately induced by fungal elicitors such as yeast extract. to identify molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of these genes, a yeast one-hybrid screening was performed with an elicitor-responsive part of the tdc promoter. this screening identified three members of the cys(2)/ ... | 2004 | 15465826 |
| isolation of st. louis encephalitis virus from a killer whale. | we report the isolation of st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus from a mature male killer whale (orcinus orca). this represents the first isolation of sle virus from a marine mammal. the animal presented with reduced appetite, rapidly became lethargic and subsequently died. virus-induced cpe was observed in a dolphin cell line, sp-1k (atcc ccl 78), inoculated with brain, kidney, and lung tissues obtained at necropsy. electron microscopy of infected sp-1k cells revealed the presence of virions havi ... | 1993 | 15566723 |
| activation of the oxidative burst by yeast elicitor in catharanthus roseus cells occurs independently of the activation of genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. | in catharanthus roseus cell suspensions, expression of several terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) biosynthetic genes, including those encoding strictosidine synthase and tryptophan decarboxylase, is coordinately induced by fungal elicitors such as yeast extract (ye). this induction is mediated by several signaling steps including the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid, and the activation of the jasmonic acid-responsive orca transcription factors. we investigated a possible role of reactive oxygen specie ... | 2004 | 15604717 |
| methods to increase fidelity of repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr fingerprint-based bacterial source tracking efforts. | the goal of the study was to determine which similarity coefficient and statistical method to use to produce the highest rate of correct assignment (rca) in repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr-based bacterial source tracking. in addition, the use of standards for deciding whether to accept or reject source assignments was investigated. the use of curve-based coefficients cosine coefficient and pearson's product moment correlation yielded higher rcas than the use of band-based coefficients jacc ... | 2005 | 15640228 |
| ca2+ blinks: rapid nanoscopic store calcium signaling. | luminal ca(2+) in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum (er/sr) plays an important role in regulating vital biological processes, including store-operated capacitative ca(2+) entry, ca(2+)-induced ca(2+) release, and er/sr stress-mediated cell death. we report rapid and substantial decreases in luminal [ca(2+)], called "ca(2+) blinks," within nanometer-sized stores (the junctional cisternae of the sr) during elementary ca(2+) release events in heart cells. blinks mirror small local increase ... | 2005 | 15710901 |
| cluster formation by allelomimesis in real-world complex adaptive systems. | animal and human clusters are complex adaptive systems and many organize in cluster sizes s that obey the frequency distribution d (s) proportional to s(-tau). the exponent tau describes the relative abundance of the cluster sizes in a given system. data analyses reveal that real-world clusters exhibit a broad spectrum of tau values, 0.7 (tuna fish schools) <or=tau<or=4.61 (t4 bacteriophage gene family sizes). allelomimesis is proposed as an underlying mechanism for adaptation that explains the ... | 2005 | 15903699 |
| acoustic characteristics of underwater tail slaps used by norwegian and icelandic killer whales (orcinus orca) to debilitate herring (clupea harengus). | norwegian killer whales debilitate prey by slapping their tails into herring schools. these underwater tail slaps produce a thud-like sound. it is unclear whether this sound is caused by cavitation and/or physical contact between herring and whale tail. also the forces causing debilitation of the fish are not understood. here we present an acoustic analysis of underwater tail slaps using a multi-channel wide (150 khz) band recording system. underwater tail slaps produced by norwegian killer whal ... | 2005 | 15939784 |
| animal behaviour: continuous activity in cetaceans after birth. | all mammals previously studied take maximal rest or sleep after birth, with the amount gradually decreasing as they grow to adulthood, and adult fruitflies and rats die if they are forcibly deprived of sleep. it has therefore been assumed that sleep is necessary for development and serves a vital function in adults. but we show here that, unlike terrestrial mammals, killer-whale and bottlenose-dolphin neonates and their mothers show little or no typical sleep behaviour for the first postpartum m ... | 2005 | 15988513 |
| qiaamp minelute virus kit effectively extracts viral nucleic acids from cerebrospinal fluids and nasopharyngeal swabs. | nucleic acid preparation from a variety of clinical specimens requires efficient target recovery and amplification inhibitor removal and is critical for successful molecular diagnosis. the qiaamp minelute virus kit (qiagen inc., valencia, ca) was compared to the two existing methods currently used in our laboratory, isoquick (orca research inc., bothell, wa) for dna extraction and rnazol b (leedo laboratories inc., houston, tx) for rna extraction, of viral nucleic acids. | 2006 | 16039902 |
| total mercury, methyl mercury, and selenium levels in the red meat of small cetaceans sold for human consumption in japan. | we surveyed the total mercury (t-hg) and methyl mercury (m-hg) levels in red meat products (n = 160) from small cetacean species sold for human consumption in markets throughout japan from 2000 to 2003. genetic identification showed that the red meat products originated from nine species: false killer whale, bottlenose dolphin, short-finned pilot whale, striped dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, risso's dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, baird's beaked whale, and dall's porpoise. t-hg and m-hg c ... | 2005 | 16124305 |
| worldwide structure of mtdna diversity among cuvier's beaked whales (ziphius cavirostris): implications for threatened populations. | we present the first description of phylogeographic structure among cuvier's beaked whales (ziphius cavirostris) worldwide using mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequences obtained from strandings (n = 70), incidental fisheries takes (n = 11), biopsy (n = 1), and whale-meat markets (n = 5). over a 290-base pair fragment, 23 variable sites defined 33 unique haplotypes among the total of 87 samples. nucleotide diversity at the control region was relatively low (pi = 1.27%+/- 0.723%) compar ... | 2005 | 16156808 |
| immunomodulatory effects of in vitro exposure to organochlorines on t-cell proliferation in marine mammals and mice. | marine mammals bioaccumulate various environmental contaminants such as organochlorines (ocs), which biomagnify via the food web. while the immunomodulatory effects of individual ocs have been studied, the effects of mixtures are not well understood. the immunomodulatory effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) 138, 153, 169, and 180 as well as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and all possible mixtures were examined in marine mammals and mice. lymphocyte proliferation was significantl ... | 2006 | 16407088 |
| automated categorization of bioacoustic signals: avoiding perceptual pitfalls. | dividing the acoustic repertoires of animals into biologically relevant categories presents a widespread problem in the study of animal sound communication, essential to any comparison of repertoires between contexts, individuals, populations, or species. automated procedures allow rapid, repeatable, and objective categorization, but often perform poorly at detecting biologically meaningful sound classes. arguably this is because many automated methods fail to address the nonlinearities of anima ... | 2006 | 16454318 |
| organohalogen and organotin compounds in killer whales mass-stranded in the shiretoko peninsula, hokkaido, japan. | blubber and liver samples were obtained for analysis of wide ranges of contaminants from killer whales (orcinus orca) which were locked away in drifting sea ice on the coast of rausu, the shiretoko peninsula in eastern hokkaido, japan in february 2005. among the organohalogen compounds analyzed, ddts were the predominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 28 to 220 microg/g on a lipid-weight basis followed by pcbs and other organochlorine pesticides. pbdes levels were two or three ord ... | 2006 | 16540125 |
| distribution of total mercury, methyl mercury and selenium in pod of killer whales (orcinus orca) stranded in the northern area of japan: comparison of mature females with calves. | total mercury (t-hg) and selenium (se) concentrations in liver, kidney and muscle from a pod of killer whales including five mature females and three calves stranded in the northern area of japan were analyzed. in the mature female, contamination level of t-hg in the liver sample (62.2+/-21.9 microg/wet g) was markedly higher than that in kidney sample and muscle sample. the molar ratio of t-hg to se in the liver sample was approximately 1, and those in the kidney and muscle samples were markedl ... | 2006 | 16616402 |
| investigation for presence of neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii and brucella-species infection in killer whales (orcinus orca) mass-stranded on the coast of shiretoko, hokkaido, japan. | twelve killer whale (orcinus orca) were hemmed in by ice floes, and nine died on the aidomari coast in the nemuro strait in rausu, shiretoko, hokkaido, japan on 8 february 2005. tissue samples collected from 8 whales were tested for neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii, and brucella species dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. gamma-globulin isolated from blood samples by ammonium sulfate precipitation was tested for antibodies to these pathogens by means of agglutination tests and immun ... | 2006 | 16757901 |
| ecological significance of residual exposures and effects from the exxon valdez oil spill. | an ecological significance framework is used to assess the ecological condition of prince william sound (pws), alaska, usa, in order to address the current management question: 17 y following the exxon valdez oil spill (evos), are there any remaining and continuing ecologically significant exposures or effects on the pws ecosystem caused by evos? we examined the extensive scientific literature funded by the exxon valdez trustees or by exxonmobil to assess exposures and effects from evos. criteri ... | 2006 | 16869437 |
| competition among penguins and cetaceans reveals trophic cascades in the western ross sea, antarctica. | an apparent trophic cascade that appears during summer in the western ross sea, antarctica, explains why the antarctic silverfish (pleuragramma antarcticum) there becomes cannibalistic; its principal prey, crystal krill (euphausia crystallorophias) becomes scarce; and the diatom community is minimally grazed compared to adjacent areas. the krill is the major grazer of diatoms. on the basis of fieldwork at ross island, we suggest that the cascade results from foraging by unusually numerous adélie ... | 2006 | 16937647 |
| two new species of symbiotic ciliates from the respiratory tract of cetaceans with establishment of the new genus planilamina n. gen. (dysteriida, kyaroikeidae). | examination of mucus discharged from the blowhole of atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) at marine life oceanarium, gulfport, mississippi, and false killer whale (pseudorca crassidens) and atlantic bottlenose dolphin at seaworld orlando, orlando, florida, using live observations and protargol impregnation revealed mixed infections of kyaroikeus cetarius and two new species. planilamina n. gen. is characterized by a c-shaped argentophilic band located along the laterally flattened ma ... | 2006 | 17123404 |
| age-dependent accumulation of heavy metals in a pod of killer whales (orcinus orca) stranded in the northern area of japan. | mercury (hg), cadmium (cd), iron (fe) manganese (mn), zinc (zn) and copper (cu) concentrations in the liver, kidney and muscle of nine killer whales (including three calves) that stranded together in the northern area of japan were determined. the hg and cd concentrations were found at trace levels in the calf organs, and increased with age. the fe concentration in the muscle was significantly lower in the calves than in the mature whales and also increased with age. in contrast, mn and cu conce ... | 2007 | 17157894 |
| fidelity of bacterial source tracking: escherichia coli vs enterococcus spp and minimizing assignment of isolates from nonlibrary sources. | the goal of the study was to improve the fidelity of library-dependent bacterial source tracking efforts in determining sources of faecal pollution. the first objective was to compare the fidelity of source assignments using escherichia coli vs enterococcus spp. the second objective was to determine the efficacy of using thresholds during source assignments to reduce the rate of misassignments when nonlibrary isolates (i.e. isolates from animals not used in building the identification library) a ... | 2007 | 17241366 |
| gadolinium-enhanced off-resonance contrast angiography. | we describe a novel physical basis and methodology for gadolinium (gd)-enhanced mra, which we call "off-resonance contrast angiography" (orca). unlike standard contrast-enhanced (ce) mr angiography (mra), orca contrast depends not on t(1) but on gd-induced shifts in intravascular resonance frequency due to the bulk magnetic susceptibility (bms) effects of gd. the method was tested at 3 tesla in phantoms with a range of dilutions of gd-dtpa and ultrasmall iron oxide contrast agent (ca). with the ... | 2007 | 17326177 |
| echolocation clicks from killer whales (orcinus orca) feeding on herring (clupea harengus). | echolocation clicks from norwegian killer whales feeding on herring schools were recorded using a four-hydrophone array. the clicks had broadband bimodal frequency spectra with low and high frequency peaks at 24 and 108 khz, respectively. the -10 db bandwidth was 35 khz. the average source level varied from 173 to 202 db re 1 micropa (peak-to-peak) at 1 m. this is considerably lower than source levels described for canadian killer whales foraging on salmon. it is suggested that biosonar clicks o ... | 2007 | 17348498 |
| contamination level of mercury in red meat products from cetaceans available from south korea markets. | levels of total mercury (t-hg) were surveyed in red meat (n=73) and liver (n=3) from toothed whales, dolphins and porpoises (odontocetes) sold for human consumption in the coastal cities of south korea. high concentrations of t-hg were found in the liver products of finless porpoises (18.7 and 156 microg/wet g) and common dolphins (13.2 microg/wet g). the t-hg concentrations in red meat products were highest in the false killer whale (9.66+/-12.3 microg/wet g, n=9), bottlenose dolphin (10.6+/-12 ... | 2007 | 17395215 |
| structure of ivory. | profiles with all orientations have been used to visualize the 3d structure of ivory from tusks of elephant, mammoth, walrus, hippopotamus, pig (bush, boar, and warthog), sperm whale, killer whale, and narwhal. polished, forming, fractured, aged, and stained surfaces were prepared for microscopy using epi-illumination. tusks have a minor peripheral component, the cementum, a soft derivative of the enamel layer, and a main core of dentine=ivory. the dentine is composed of a matrix of particles 5- ... | 2008 | 18157860 |
| concentrations of organotin compounds in the stranded killer whales from rausu, hokkaido, japan. | we measured the concentrations of butyltin (bt) and phenyltin (pt) compounds in blubber, liver, lung, and muscle of seven stranded killer whales (orcinus orca) collected from rausu, hokkaido, japan. bts in blubber (n = 6), liver (n = 4), lung (n = 1), and muscle (n = 4) of adult whale were in the range of 37-90, 385-676, 15, and 26-53 microg kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. concentrations of pts in blubber, liver, lung, and muscle were <1 to 58, <1 to 14, 7 and <1 to 4 microg kg(-1) wet weight, ... | 2008 | 18166983 |
| properties of corynephage attachment site and molecular epidemiology of corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from humans and animals in japan. | sporadic reports of corynebacterium ulcerans infection in humans and animals have become increasingly common throughout the world. between 2001 and 2006, five human cases, in addition to isolation of the bacterium from the carcasses of orcinus orca and panthera leo, were reported in japan. while an isolate from p. leo generated only phospholipase d (pld), the other isolates produced both pld and diphtheria-like toxin (dlt). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that isolates from p. l ... | 2008 | 18362399 |
| arctic marine mammals and climate change: impacts and resilience. | evolutionary selection has refined the life histories of seven species (three cetacean [narwhal, beluga, and bowhead whales], three pinniped [walrus, ringed, and bearded seals], and the polar bear) to spatial and temporal domains influenced by the seasonal extremes and variability of sea ice, temperature, and day length that define the arctic. recent changes in arctic climate may challenge the adaptive capability of these species. nine other species (five cetacean [fin, humpback, minke, gray, an ... | 2008 | 18494369 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the whale (pseudorca crassidens) prnp locus. | there have been many studies of the morphology, behavioral audiograms, and population structure of the false killer whale (pseudorca crassidens), but sequencing, mapping, and functional and comparative genomics studies are still largely unknown. in this paper, we sequenced three novel bac clones corresponding to a total length of 308 kb and spanning the prnp, prnd, and rassf2 loci, and conducted comparative genomic analysis to examine the genomic structure of the false killer whale prnp locus. w ... | 2008 | 18521124 |
| network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies. | recent studies have demonstrated that human societies are hierarchically structured with a consistent scaling ratio across successive layers of the social network; each layer of the network is between three and four times the size of the preceding (smaller) grouping level. here we show that similar relationships hold for four mammalian taxa living in multi-level social systems. for elephant (loxodonta africana), gelada (theropithecus gelada) and hamadryas (papio hamadryas hamadryas) baboon, succ ... | 2008 | 18765349 |
| cross-reactivity between immunoglobulin g antibodies of whales and dolphins correlates with evolutionary distance. | growing morphological and molecular evidence indicates that the porpoises, dolphins, and whales evolved within the even-toed ungulates, formerly known as artiodactyla. these animals are now grouped in the cetartiodactyla. we evaluated the antigenic similarity of the immunoglobulin g (igg) molecules of 15 cetacean species and the domestic cow. the similarity was scored using three distinct antibodies raised against bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) igg in a western blot, an indirect enzyme- ... | 2008 | 18768672 |
| cetacean diversity on the parnaiba delta, maranhão state, northeastern brazil. | the increase in the research of cetacean surveys on the brazilian coast has brought new data on the distribution of species never reported before. the present work reviews the current knowledge on cetaceans species and extends this knowledge with an analysis of cetaceans stranded in the parnaiba delta, on the coast of maranhão state, brazil. the studies on cetacean diversity on the coast of the parnaíba delta were made from august 2004 to august 2006. fourteen strandings were reported, represent ... | 2008 | 18833476 |
| behavioral responses of herring (clupea harengus) to 1-2 and 6-7 khz sonar signals and killer whale feeding sounds. | military antisubmarine sonars produce intense sounds within the hearing range of most clupeid fish. the behavioral reactions of overwintering herring (clupea harengus) to sonar signals of two different frequency ranges (1-2 and 6-7 khz), and to playback of killer whale feeding sounds, were tested in controlled exposure experiments in vestfjorden, norway, november 2006. the behavior of free ranging herring was monitored by two upward-looking echosounders. a vessel towing an operational naval sona ... | 2009 | 19173441 |
| the role of menopause and reproductive senescence in a long-lived social mammal. | abstract: | 2009 | 19192288 |
| accumulation and mother-to-calf transfer of anthropogenic and natural organohalogens in killer whales (orcinus orca) stranded on the pacific coast of japan. | blubber samples were analyzed for anthropogenic and natural persistent organohalogens in nine killer whales (orcinus orca) stranded on the northern coast of japan in 2005. anthropogenic organohalogens were dominated by ddts (40-240 microg/g lipid weight (lw)), pcbs (19-68 microg/g lw), and chlordanes (trans-nonachlor, 15-80 microg/g lw). polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) were detected at a range of 0.22-0.64 microg/g lw (bde-47, 42-74% of sigmapbde). for natural organohalogens, mixed haloge ... | 2009 | 19201449 |
| comparative pathology of nocardiosis in marine mammals. | nocardia spp. infections in mammals cause pyogranulomatous lesions in a variety of organs, most typically the lung. members of the nocardia asteroides complex are the most frequently recognized pathogens. nine cases of nocardiosis in free-ranging pinnipeds and 10 cases of nocardiosis in cetaceans were evaluated. host species included the hooded seal (cystophora cristata, n = 8), leopard seal (hydrurga leptonyx, n = 1), atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus, n = 4), beluga whale (delphi ... | 2009 | 19261643 |
| hidden markov and gaussian mixture models for automatic call classification. | automatic methods of classification of animal sounds offer many advantages including speed and consistency in processing massive quantities of data. calculations have been carried out on a set of 75 calls of northern resident killer whales, previously classified perceptually (human classification) into seven call types, using, hidden markov models (hmms) and gaussian mixture models (gmms). neither of these methods has been used previously for classification of marine mammal call types. with ceps ... | 2009 | 19507925 |
| a versatile pitch tracking algorithm: from human speech to killer whale vocalizations. | in this article, a pitch tracking algorithm [named discrete logarithmic fourier transformation-pitch detection algorithm (dlft-pda)], originally designed for human telephone speech, was modified for killer whale vocalizations. the multiple frequency components of some of these vocalizations demand a spectral (rather than temporal) approach to pitch tracking. the dlft-pda algorithm derives reliable estimations of pitch and the temporal change of pitch from the harmonic structure of the vocal sign ... | 2009 | 19603902 |
| molecular characterization of a novel gammaretrovirus in killer whales (orcinus orca). | there are currently no published data documenting the presence of retroviruses in cetaceans, though the occurrences of cancers and immunodeficiency states suggest the potential. we examined tissues from adult killer whales and detected a novel gammaretrovirus by degenerate pcr. reverse transcription-pcr also demonstrated tissue and serum expression of retroviral mrna. the full-length sequence of the provirus was obtained by pcr, and a taqman-based copy number assay did not demonstrate evidence o ... | 2009 | 19812152 |
| exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish. | persistent organic pollutants (pops) encompass an array of anthropogenic organic and elemental substances and their degradation and metabolic byproducts that have been found in the tissues of exposed animals, especially pops categorized as organohalogen contaminants (ohcs). ohcs have been of concern in the circumpolar arctic for decades. for example, as a consequence of bioaccumulation and in some cases biomagnification of legacy (e.g., chlorinated pcbs, ddts and chls) and emerging (e.g., bromin ... | 2010 | 19910021 |
| sound production by singing humpback whales. | sounds from humpback whale songs were analyzed to evaluate possible mechanisms of sound production. song sounds fell along a continuum with trains of discrete pulses at one end and continuous tonal signals at the other. this graded vocal repertoire is comparable to that seen in false killer whales [murray et al. (1998). j. acoust. soc. am. 104, 1679-1688] and human singers, indicating that all three species generate sounds by varying the tension of pneumatically driven, vibrating membranes. patt ... | 2010 | 20370048 |
| non-invasive measurement of thyroid hormone in feces of a diverse array of avian and mammalian species. | we developed and validated a non-invasive thyroid hormone measure in feces of a diverse array of birds and mammals. an i(131) radiolabel ingestion study in domestic dogs coupled with high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis, showed that peak excretion in feces occurred at 24-48h post-ingestion, with i(131)-labelled thyroid hormone metabolites excreted primarily as triiodothyronine (t3) and relatively little thyroxine (t4), at all excretion times examined. the immunoreactive t3 profile ... | 2010 | 20412809 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites (oh-pcbs) in the blood of toothed and baleen whales stranded along japanese coastal waters. | in this study, we determined the residue levels and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and hydroxylated pcbs (oh-pcbs) in the blood from eight species of toothed whales and three species of baleen whales stranded along the japanese coast during 1999-2007. penta- through hepta-chlorinated pcb congeners were the dominant homologue groups in all cetaceans. in contrast, specific differences in the distribution of dominant oh-pcb isomers and homologues were found among the cetacean species. ... | 2010 | 20426459 |
| the evolution of menopause in cetaceans and humans: the role of demography. | human females stop reproducing long before they die. among other mammals, only pilot and killer whales exhibit a comparable period of post-reproductive life. the grandmother hypothesis suggests that kin selection can favour post-reproductive survival when older females help their relatives to reproduce. but although there is an evidence that grandmothers can provide such assistance, it is puzzling why menopause should have evolved only among the great apes and toothed whales. we have previously ... | 2010 | 20591868 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the false killer whale (pseudorca crassidens) lmbr1 locus. | the sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of lmbr1 loci in mammals or other species, including human, would be very important in understanding evolutionary genetic changes underlying the evolution of limb development. in this regard, comparative genomic annotation of the false killer whale lmbr1 locus could shed new light on the evolution of limb development. we sequenced two false killer whale bac clones, corresponding to 156 kb and 144 kb, respectively, harboring the tightly linked rnf32 ... | 2010 | 20924415 |
| a wd-repeat protein stabilizes orc binding to chromatin. | origin recognition complex (orc) plays critical roles in the initiation of dna replication and cell-cycle progression. in metazoans, orc associates with origin dna during g1 and with heterochromatin in postreplicated cells. however, what regulates the binding of orc to chromatin is not understood. we have identified a highly conserved, leucine-rich repeats and wd40 repeat domain-containing protein 1 (lrwd1) or orc-associated (orca) in human cells that interacts with orc and modulates chromatin a ... | 2010 | 20932478 |
| salmonella newport omphaloarteritis in a stranded killer whale (orcinus orca) neonate. | salmonella enterica serovar newport (salmonella newport) was isolated from multiple tissues in a neonate killer whale (orcinus orca) that stranded dead in 2005 along the central coast of california, usa. necrotizing omphaloarteritis and omphalophlebitis was observed on histologic examination suggesting umbilical infection was the route of entry. genetic analysis of skin samples indicated that the neonate had an offshore haplotype. salmonellosis has rarely been identified in free-ranging marine m ... | 2010 | 20966284 |
| basis of acoustic discrimination of chinook salmon from other salmons by echolocating orcinus orca. | the "resident" ecotype of killer whales (orcinus orca) in the waters of british columbia and washington state have a strong preference for chinook salmon even in months when chinook comprise less than about 10% of the salmon population. the foraging behavior of killer whales suggests that they depend on echolocation to detect and recognize their prey. in order to determine possible cues in echoes from salmon species, a series of backscatter measurements were made at the applied physics laborator ... | 2010 | 20968392 |
| effects of multiple levels of social organization on survival and abundance. | identifying how social organization shapes individual behavior, survival, and fecundity of animals that live in groups can inform conservation efforts and improve forecasts of population abundance, even when the mechanism responsible for group-level differences is unknown. we constructed a hierarchical bayesian model to quantify the relative variability in survival rates among different levels of social organization (matrilines and pods) of an endangered population of killer whales (orcinus orca ... | 2010 | 21054527 |
| phylogenetic analysis of marine mammal herpesviruses. | five novel dna-dependent dna polymerase (dpol) herpesviral sequences were generated using nested consensus polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in clinical samples from a harbor seal (phoca vitulina), bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus), orca (orcinus orca), california sea lion (zalophus californianus), and a phocid herpesvirus 2 (phhv-2) isolate from a harbor seal (used as positive control). these novel sequences and other representative herpesvirus sequences were included in bayesian and maximu ... | 2010 | 21055885 |
| characteristic metabolism of free amino acids in cetacean plasma: cluster analysis and comparison with mice. | from an evolutionary perspective, the ancestors of cetaceans first lived in terrestrial environments prior to adapting to aquatic environments. whereas anatomical and morphological adaptations to aquatic environments have been well studied, few studies have focused on physiological changes. we focused on plasma amino acid concentrations (aminograms) since they show distinct patterns under various physiological conditions. plasma and urine aminograms were obtained from bottlenose dolphins, pacifi ... | 2010 | 21072195 |
| influence of protein environment on the electron paramagnetic resonance properties of flavoprotein radicals: a qm/mm study. | the neutral and anionic semiquinone radicals of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) cofactor noncovalently bound in glucose oxidase from a. niger are examined with the aid of qm/mm molecular modeling methods, enabling complete inclusion of the protein environment. recently, the electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) characteristics, the anisotropic g tensor and all the significant hyperfine couplings, of these flavoprotein radicals were determined at high resolution (j. phys. chem. b 2008, 112, ... | 2010 | 21090702 |
| an open-label, community-based, 12-week assessment of the effectiveness and safety of monotherapy with doxycycline 40 mg (30-mg immediate-release and 10-mg delayed-release beads). | rosacea is a common inflammatory disorder of the skin of middle-aged and older adults. a unique 40-mg formulation of doxycycline (30-mg immediate-release and 10-mg delayed-release beads) developed for its anti-inflammatory properties is the only us food and drug administration-approved oral medication for the disorder. this report describes the results of the oracea for rosacea: a community-based assessment (orca) trial, a phase 4 trial of the 40-mg formulation as monotherapy in adults with mild ... | 2010 | 21229826 |
| molecular identification of novel alpha- and gammaherpesviruses from cetaceans stranded on japanese coasts. | herpesviral infections have been documented in some cetaceans; however, they have not yet been identified in species in the western north pacific. in the present study, 178 tissue samples from 76 stranded cetacean individuals were tested for the presence of herpesviruses. herpesvirus genomic dna fragments surrounding the dna polymerase gene were amplified in samples from four individuals. ta cloning and direct sequencing of these dna fragments revealed the presence of two novel alphaherpesviruse ... | 2011 | 21303205 |
| "orcanization" on heterochromatin: linking dna replication initiation to chromatin organization. | specialized complexes in eukaryotic cells recognize defined epigenetic histone marks to mediate chromatin organization. dna replication, cell cycle progression and chromatin organization are intimately linked to one another. in addition to having roles in dna replication initiation, the human origin recognition complex (orc) binds along with orc-associated proteins orca/ lrwd1 to prominent transcriptional repressive lysine methylation marks and localizes to hp1-containing heterochromatic structu ... | 2011 | 21586903 |