Publications

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candidiasis in captive cetaceans.disseminated candida albicans infections were found or suspected in 4 captive cetaceans. ketoconazole at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg, bid, administered orally for 18 days, followed by 8 biweekly oral doses of levamisole hydrochloride at the rate of 9 mg/kg, resulted in regression of clinical signs of candidiasis in an adult male atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus). a higher dosage of ketoconazole (6 mg/kg, bid) was effective in eliminating the shedding of c albicans from an adult male bel ...19826294033
bronchopneumonia caused by streptococcus equi in a north atlantic pilot whale (globicephala melaena).bronchopneumonia was observed at the necropsy of a north atlantic pilot whale (globicephala melaena). the areas of necrosis were well circumscribed clusters, disseminated throughout the left lung. streptococcus equi was isolated in pure culture from the lung parenchyma, pharynx and pericardial fluid.19807411735
morbilliviruses in aquatic mammals: report on round table discussion.a workshop was organised to ascertain the current situation with regard to morbillivirus infections in aquatic animals. the great interest generated by the discovery of these new virus infections in 1988 has to some extent abated but much high quality research has continued in this field as the workshop showed. there is some serological evidence that the viruses have continued to circulate in most areas since the initial epizootics. as to their origin, it appears that the most likely source of t ...19958588320
epidemiological analysis of persistent organochlorine contaminants in cetaceans.information is provided to test the hypothesis that organochlorines introduced into the environment since the early 1940s could threaten the reproductive potential of baleen whales and other cetaceans. comparisons are made using data on the role of organochlorines in a model system, the great lakes region of north america, and in model animals, including humans, pinnipeds, and other wildlife. ddt and pcb are used as model organochlorines with the caveat that there may be thousands of other chemi ...19968714222
concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements in marine mammal tissues archived in the u.s. national biomonitoring specimen bank.the u.s. national biomonitoring specimen bank (nbsb) provides for the long term storage of well documented and preserved specimens representing several types of environmental matrices. a major part of this inventory consists of marine mammal tissues (e.g., blubber, liver, kidney, and muscle). within the nbsb selected specimens are periodically analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements. although only 20% of the 560 marine mammal specimens in the nbsb have been analyzed, the databas ...19979159906
calcium-binding protein-containing neuronal populations in mammalian visual cortex: a comparative study in whales, insectivores, bats, rodents, and primates.this study is focused on comparative analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive (gabaergic) neuronal populations in primary visual cortex of totally aquatic toothed whales and select terrestrial mammals with different evolutionary histories and various ecological adaptations. the distribution of neuronal populations containing the calcium-binding proteins calbindin and parvalbumin, which are recognized markers for the gabaergic neurons in cerebral cortex, is compared in five species of toothed ...19938324371
the use of microsatellites for genetic analysis of natural populations.microsatellites, tandemly repeated units of 2 to 5 bp are distributed throughout eukaryotic genomes. length variation within microsatellites, caused by dna slippage, can be amplified by pcr and used for dna profiling. in this paper potential applications and limitations of this technique are discussed. two case studies for pilot whales (globicephala melas) and sheep (ovis aries) exemplify the suitability of microsatellites for analyzing natural populations. other currently available profiling te ...19947994107
the polar lipids from keratinized tissues of some vertebrates.1. the lipids from a variety of keratinized tissues from terrestrial vertebrates were extracted with chloroform:methanol and the nonpolar and saponifiable lipids were removed. the composition of the remaining polar lipids was examined by thin layer chromatography and color reactions. 2. the tissues studied included: hair from a monkey (macacca fascicularis), dog (canis familiaris), raccoon (procyon lotor) and cow (bos taurus); full-thickness epidermis from a pig (sus scrofa) and pilot whale (glo ...19827172624
antibodies to brucella in marine mammals around the coast of england and wales.following the isolation of previously unrecognised species of brucella from stranded seals and cetaceans in scotland and northern england, a serological survey was carried out to investigate the range of marine mammal species which may have been exposed to brucella species around the coasts of england and wales, the prevalence of infection and the temporal and geographical distribution of seropositive animals. serum collected from 153 stranded marine mammals from the coasts of england and wales ...19979416675
macroparasites in cetaceans stranded on the northwestern spanish atlantic coast.an extensive parasitological survey was carried out during autopsy of 80 cetaceans representing 8 species within 4 families (delphinus delphis, stenella coeruleoalba, tursiops truncatus, grampus griseus, globicephala melas, kogia breviceps, phocoena phocoena and megaptera novaeangliae) collected on the northwestern spanish atlantic coast from february 1991 to october 1996. two species of tetraphyllidean cestodes (phyllobothrium delphini and monorygma grimaldii), 2 ascaridoid nematodes (anisakis ...19989676247
an insight into the epidemiology of dolphin morbillivirus worldwide.serum samples from 288 cetaceans representing 25 species and originating from 11 different countries were collected between 1995 and 1999 and examined for the presence of dolphin morbillivirus (dmv)-specific antibodies by an indirect elisa (ielisa) (n = 267) or a plaque reduction assay (n = 21). a total of 35 odontocetes were seropositive: three harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and a common dolphin (delphinus delphis) from the northeastern (ne) atlantic, a bottlenose dolphin (tursiops trunc ...200111390111
the influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success.the relationship between fitness and parental similarity has been dominated by studies of how inbreeding depression lowers fecundity in incestuous matings. a widespread implicit assumption is that adult fitness (reproduction) of individuals born to parents who are not unusually closely related is more or less equal. examination of three long-lived vertebrates, the long-finned pilot whale, the grey seal and the wandering albatross reveals significant negative relationships between parental simila ...200111571049
perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorinated hydrocarbons in marine mammals, fishes, and birds from coasts of the baltic and the mediterranean seas.perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos; c8f17so3-), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (fosa; c8f17so2nh2), perfluorohexanesulfonate (pfhxs; c6f13so3-), and perfluorooctanoate (pfoa; c7f15co2-) were detected in 175 samples of liver and blood of bluefin tuna (thunnus thynnus), swordfish (xiphias gladius), common cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo), bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus), striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba), common dolphins (delphinus delphi), fin whales (balenoptera physalus), and long-finne ...200212188342
molecular genetic evidence of a novel morbillivirus in a long-finned pilot whale (globicephalus melas).a long-finned pilot whale with morbilliviral disease was stranded in new jersey. an immunohistochemical stain demonstrated morbilliviral antigen. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for morbillivirus p and n genes was positive. novel sequences most closely related to, but distinct from, those of dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses suggest that this virus may represent a third member of the cetacean morbillivirus group.200010653568
strouhal numbers and optimization of swimming by odontocete cetaceans.swimming efficiencies of fish and cetaceans have been related to a certain synchrony between stroke cycle frequency, peak-to-peak tail/fluke amplitude and mean swimming speed. these kinematic parameters form a non-dimensional wake parameter, referred to as a strouhal number, which for the range between 0.20 and 0.40 has been associated with enhanced swimming efficiency for fish and cetaceans. yet to date there has been no direct experimental substantiation of what strouhal numbers are preferred ...200415073196
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild dolphins from the spanish mediterranean coast.although toxoplasma gondii infection has been found occasionally in cetaceans, little is known of the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii in wild dolphins. antibodies to t. gondii were determined in serum samples from 58 dolphins stranded in the spanish mediterranean coast. modified agglutination test was used to determine t. gondii antibodies, and a titer of 1:25 was considered indicative of t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 4 of 36 striped dolphins (stenella coeruleo ...200415270114
morbillivirus and pilot whale deaths, mediterranean sea.an outbreak of a lethal morbillivirus infection of long-finned pilot whales occurred in the mediterranean sea from the end of october 2006 through april 2007. sequence analysis of a 426-bp conserved fragment of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicates that the virus is more closely related to dolphin morbillivirus than to pilot whale morbillivirus.200818439363
distribution patterns suggest biomagnification of halogenated 1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrroles (mbps).the halogenated 1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrroles (mbps) are a suite of marine natural products that have been detected in marine mammals worldwide. although their concentrations are similar to persistent organic pollutants that biomagnify, such as 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (cb-153), it is notyet clearthat these natural products also biomagnify. here we analyze mbps and cb-153 isolated from the blubber and liver of marine mammals stranded on the eastern coast of massachusetts. four odontocete sp ...200919209594
in vitro metabolism of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas) and pilot whale (globicephala melas) and relationship to cytochrome p450 expression.we measured rates of oxidative metabolism of two tetrachlorobiphenyl (tcb) congeners by hepatic microsomes of two marine mammal species, beluga whale and pilot whale, as related to content of selected cytochrome p450 (cyp) forms. beluga liver microsomes oxidized 3,3',4,4'-tcb at rates averaging 21 and 5 pmol/min per mg for males and females, respectively, while pilot whale samples oxidized this congener at 0.3 pmol/min per mg or less. however, rates of 3,3',4,4'-tcb metabolism correlated with im ...200011048677
growth, fecundity and sex ratio of adult whaleworm (anisakis simplex; nematoda, ascaridoidea, anisakidae) in three whale species from the north-east atlantic.the growth rate, fecundity, and sex ratio of anisakis simplex in minke whales (balaenoptera acutorostrata), porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) was studied on the basis of material from the north atlantic. a total of 8,135 mature a. simplex were collected from 24 minke whales, 11 porpoises and eight pilot whales. for both males and females, the prevalence was 100% for all three host species, with a mean intensity of 1,727, 262 and 139, respectively. th ...200414999465
host specificity of oschmarinella rochebruni and brachycladium atlanticum (digenea: brachycladiidae) in five cetacean species from western mediterranean waters.we investigated patterns of specificity of liver flukes (fam. brachycladiidae) in a community of cetaceans from the western mediterranean. the liver and pancreas of 103 striped dolphins, stenella coeruleoalba, 18 risso's dolphins, grampus griseus, 14 bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus, 8 common dolphins, delphinus delphis, and 5 long-finned pilot whales, globicephala melas, were analysed for brachycladiid species. two species were found: oschmarinella rochebruni in striped dolphins (prevale ...201120359374
cellular localization of cyp3a proteins in various tissues from pilot whale (globicephala melas).the in situ expression of cytochrome p450 3a- (cyp3a) like proteins in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues from a marine mammal, pilot whale (globicephala melas), was investigated. polyclonal antibodies (pab) raised against either rat cyp3a1 or trout cyp3a27 both recognized a microsomal protein band in liver, lung, kidney and heart. the protein band observed in liver and lung had slightly lower molecular weight than that observed in kidney and heart, suggesting the existence of two cyp3a forms in p ...200010996544
phylogenetic analysis of a new cetacean morbillivirus from a short-finned pilot whale stranded in the canary islands.cetacean morbillivirus (cemv) is considered the most pathogenic virus in cetaceans. three strains have been already described: the dolphin morbillivirus (dmv), the porpoise morbillivirus (pmv) and the tentatively named pilot whale morbillivirus (pwmv). this study describes the molecular characterization of a strain of cemv detected in the brain of a short-finned pilot whale that had stranded in the eastern atlantic ocean around the canary islands and that showed lesions compatible with morbilliv ...201120576281
static inflation and deflation pressure-volume curves from excised lungs of marine mammals.excised lungs from eight marine mammal species [harp seal (pagophilus groenlandicus), harbor seal (phoca vitulina), gray seal (halichoerus grypush), atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus), common dolphin (delphinus delphis), risso's dolphin (grampus griseus), long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas) and harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena)] were used to determine the minimum air volume of the relaxed lung (mav, n=15), the elastic properties (pressure-volume curves, n=24) of the ...201122031747
genetic comparison among dolphin morbillivirus in the 1990-1992 and 2006-2008 mediterranean outbreaks.in 1990, dolphin morbillivirus (dmv) killed thousands of striped dolphins in the mediterranean. subsequently, the prevalence of the infection declined in this species. in 2006-2008, the virus killed not only numerous striped dolphins but also long-finned pilot whales. all partial sequences of the phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein genes obtained thus far from different host species during the 2006-2008 outbreak show 100% identity, suggesting that a single virus was involved, and these sequences ar ...201121888991
mortality trends of stranded marine mammals on cape cod and southeastern massachusetts, usa, 2000 to 2006.to understand the cause of death of 405 marine mammals stranded on cape cod and southeastern massachusetts between 2000 and 2006, a system for coding final diagnosis was developed and categorized as (1) disease, (2) human interaction, (3) mass-stranded with no significant findings, (4) single-stranded with no significant findings, (5) rock and/or sand ingestion, (6) predatory attack, (7) failure to thrive or dependent calf or pup, or (8) other. the cause of death for 91 animals could not be dete ...201020225675
presence of herpesvirus in striped dolphins stranded during the cetacean morbillivirus epizootic along the mediterranean spanish coast in 2007.a screening for herpesvirus (hv) was carried out using a tissue bank obtained from the cetacean morbillivirus (cemv) mortality episode that occurred along the mediterranean spanish coast in 2007. a total of 14 cetaceans, including six long-finned pilot whales and eight striped dolphins, were studied using histopathology and molecular analysis to detect hv and cemv. in five of the eight dolphins (62.5%) infected with cemv, eight novel hv sequences were also detected. no hv lesions were found in a ...201020495987
comparative feeding kinematics and performance of odontocetes: belugas, pacific white-sided dolphins and long-finned pilot whales.cetaceans are thought to display a diversity of feeding modes that are often described as convergent with other more basal aquatic vertebrates (i.e. actinopterygians). however, the biomechanics of feeding in cetaceans has been relatively ignored by functional biologists. this study investigated the feeding behavior, kinematics and pressure generation of three odontocetes with varying feeding modes (belugas, delphinapterus leucas; pacific white-sided dolphins, lagenorhynchus obliquidens; and long ...200919946072
cetacean morbillivirus-associated pathology: knowns and unknowns.the present minireview deals with the pathology of cetacean morbillivirus (cemv) infection in free-ranging cetaceans. in this respect, while "classical" cemv-associated lesions were observed in the lung, brain, and lymphoid tissues from striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba) and pilot whales (globicephala melas) which were victims of the 1990-1992 and 2006-2008 epidemics in the western mediterranean, an apparent reduction in cemv neurovirulence, along with a different viral antigen's tissue an ...201626903991
first report of brucella ceti-associated meningoencephalitis in a long-finned pilot whale globicephala melas.fatal brucella ceti infection with histological lesions specific to the central nervous system has been described in only 3 species of cetaceans: striped dolphins stenella coeruleoalba, atlantic white-sided dolphins lagenorhynchus acutus and short-beaked common dolphins delphinus delphis. this paper describes the first report of a b. ceti-associated meningoencephalitis in a long-finned pilot whale globicephala melas, showing the increasing range of species susceptibility. brucella was recovered ...201526503778
isolation of brucella ceti from a long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas) and a sowerby's beaked whale (mesoploden bidens).brucella ceti is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that has been recovered from several species of cetaceans in the world's oceans over the past 20 yr. we report the recovery of b. ceti from a sowerby's beaked whale (mesoploden bidens) and a long-finned pilot whale (globicehala melas). recovery from the testis of a long-finned pilot whale provides further evidence of potential for b. ceti infection to impact the reproductive success of cetaceans, many of which are threatened species. the addition of ...201526285099
genetic and morphological approaches distinguish the three sibling species of the anisakis simplex species complex, with a species designation as anisakis berlandi n. sp. for a. simplex sp. c (nematoda: anisakidae).numerous specimens of the 3 sibling species of the anisakis simplex species complex (a. pegreffii, a. simplex (senso stricto)), and a. simplex sp. c) recovered from cetacean species stranded within the known geographical ranges of these nematodes were studied morphologically and genetically. the genetic characterization was performed on diagnostic allozymes and sequences analysis of nuclear (internal transcribed spacer [its] of ribosomal [r]dna) and mitochondrial (mitochondrial [mt]dna cox2 and ...201424224764
retrospective seroepidemiological investigations against morbillivirus, toxoplasma gondii and brucella spp. in cetaceans stranded along the italian coastline (1998-2014).this study reports the results of seroepidemiological investigations carried out against morbillivirus, toxoplasma gondii and brucella spp. on blood serum samples collected from 70 cetacean specimens found stranded along the italian coastline between 1998 and 2014. a total number of 23 serum samples (32.8%) obtained from stenella coeruleoalba, tursiops truncatus, balaenoptera physalus and globicephala melas harboured anti-morbillivirus neutralizing antibodies. ten sera (16%) collected from s. co ...201526267096
relative abundance and behavior of marine mammals exposed to transmissions from the heard island feasibility test.the heard island feasibility test source transmitted a hum at 209-220 db re: 1 micropa at 175-m depth, centered on 57 hz with a maximum bandwidth of 30 hz for 1 h of every 3. experienced marine mammal observers conducted line-transect surveys and monitored marine mammal behavior visually and acoustically in a 70 x 70 km square centered on the transmission site. thirty-nine groups of cetaceans and 19 of pinnipeds were sighted from both vessels before the start of transmissions. thirty-nine groups ...19947963037
polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in marine mammals from arctic and north atlantic regions, 1986-2009.a selection of pbde congeners was analyzed in pooled blubber samples of pilot whale (globicephala melas), ringed seal (phoca hispida), minke whale (balaenoptera acutorostrata), fin whale (balaenoptera physalus), harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena), hooded seal (cystophora cristata) and atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus), covering a time period of more than 20 years (1986-2009). the analytes were extracted and cleaned-up using open column extraction and multi-layer silica gel co ...201221802148
comparative anatomy of the foramen ovale in the hearts of cetaceans.the structure of the cardiac foramen ovale from 17 species representing six cetacean families, the monodontidae, phocoenidae, delphinidae, ziphiidae, balaenidae and the balaenopteridae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. eight white whale fetuses (delphinapterus leucas) and a narwhal fetus (monodon monoceros) represented the monodontidae; one fetal and nine neonatal harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and a finless porpoise fetus (neophocoena phocoenoides) represented the phoc ...200717532800
polychlorinated naphthalenes (pcns) in sub-arctic and arctic marine mammals, 1986-2009.a selection of pcn congeners was analyzed in pooled blubber samples of pilot whale (globicephala melas), ringed seal (phoca hispida), minke whale (balaenoptera acutorostrata), fin whale (balaenoptera physalus), harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena), hooded seal (cystophora cristata) and atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus), covering a time period of more than 20 years (1986-2009). a large geographical area of the north atlantic and arctic areas was covered. pcn congeners 48, 52, 5 ...201222356752
increasing levels of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (pfcas) in arctic and north atlantic marine mammals, 1984-2009.temporal variations in concentrations of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) and sulfonic acids (pfsas), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoate (pfoa) structural isomers, were examined in livers of pilot whale (globicephala melas), ringed seal (phoca hisida), minke whale (balaenoptera acutorostrata), harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena), hooded seal (cystophora cristata), atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus) and in muscle tissue of fin whales (balaen ...201222051347
methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (meo-pbdes) are major contributors to the persistent organobromine load in sub-arctic and arctic marine mammals, 1986-2009.a selection of meo-bde and bde congeners were analyzed in pooled blubber samples of pilot whale (globicephala melas), ringed seal (phoca hispida), minke whale (balaenoptera acutorostrata), fin whale (balaenoptera physalus), harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena), hooded seal (cystophora cristata), and atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus), covering a time period of more than 20 years (1986-2009). the analytes were extracted and cleaned-up using open column extraction and multi-layer ...201222225820
marine mammals as global pollution indicators for organochlorines.blubber tissues of the following marine mammals differing in their geographic distribution (north atlantic, north pacific, bering sea/arctic ocean), trophic level, and feeding habits were analyzed for their organochlorine contents: two seal species (harbor seals--phoca vitulina, northern fur seals--callorhinus ursinus), three toothed whale species (belukha whales--delphinapterus leucas, one common dolphin--delphinus delphis, one pilot whale--globicephala melaena), and one baleen whale species (a ...20139134673
comparative chromosome map and heterochromatin features of the gray whale karyotype (cetacea).cetacean karyotypes possess exceptionally stable diploid numbers and highly conserved chromosomes. to date, only toothed whales (odontoceti) have been analyzed by comparative chromosome painting. here, we studied the karyotype of a representative of baleen whales, the gray whale (eschrichtius robustus, mysticeti), by zoo-fish with dromedary camel and human chromosome-specific probes. we confirmed a high degree of karyotype conservation and found an identical order of syntenic segments in both br ...201627088853
bioaccumulation and biomagnification of classical flame retardants, related halogenated natural compounds and alternative flame retardants in three delphinids from southern european waters.occurrence and behaviour of classical (pbdes) and alternative (hns, hbb, pbeb, dbdpe and hbcd) flame retardants, together with naturally produced meo-pbdes, were studied in short-beaked common dolphin (delphinus delphis), bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) and long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas) in two sampling locations from southern european waters. pbdes, dec 602, dec 603, dp, α-hbcd and two meo-pbdes were detected in all three species. ∑pbdes were between 17 and 2680 ng/g lw; ∑ ...201525875161
the use of dna barcoding to monitor the marine mammal biodiversity along the french atlantic coast.in the last ten years, 14 species of cetaceans and five species of pinnipeds stranded along the atlantic coast of brittany in the north west of france. all species included, an average of 150 animals strand each year in this area. based on reports from the stranding network operating along this coast, the most common stranding events comprise six cetacean species (delphinus delphis, tursiops truncatus, stenella coeruleoalba, globicephala melas, grampus griseus, phocoena phocoena)and one pinniped ...201324453548
postmortem evidence of interactions of bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) with other dolphin species in south-west england.reports of violent interactions between bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) and harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) in the coastal waters of the uk are well documented. examination of stranded cetaceans by the cornwall wildlife trust marine strandings network and the uk cetacean strandings investigation programme has indicated that seven animals, of four other species, found stranded in south-west england, had pathology consistent with bottlenose dolphin interaction, including two juvenil ...200919820259
what are the toxicological effects of mercury in arctic biota?this review critically evaluates the available mercury (hg) data in arctic marine biota and the inuit population against toxicity threshold values. in particular marine top predators exhibit concentrations of mercury in their tissues and organs that are believed to exceed thresholds for biological effects. species whose concentrations exceed threshold values include the polar bears (ursus maritimus), beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas), pilot whale (globicephala melas), hooded seal (cystophora ...201323231888
diversity and distribution patterns of cetaceans in the subtropical southwestern atlantic outer continental shelf and slope.temporal and spatial patterns of cetacean diversity and distribution were investigated through eight ship-based surveys carried out during spring and autumn between 2009 and 2014 on the outer continental shelf (~150m) and slope (1500m) off southeastern and southern brazil (~23°s to ~34°s). the survey area was divided into southeast and south areas according to their oceanographic characteristics. twenty-one species were observed in 503 sightings. the overall number of species was similar between ...201627243455
marine mammals in the mediterranean sea: an overview.despite being a small part of the world's oceans, the mediterranean sea hosts a diverse marine mammal fauna, with a total of 28 different species known to occur, or to have occurred, in the region. species currently recognised as regular in the mediterranean-the mediterranean monk seal (monachus monachus) and 11 cetaceans (fin whale, balaenoptera physalus; sperm whale, physeter macrocephalus; cuvier's beaked whale, ziphius cavirostris; short-beaked common dolphin, delphinus delphis; long-finned ...201727770981
complete amino acid sequence of myoglobin from the pilot whale, globicephala melaena.the complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from the pilot whale, globicephala melaena, was determined by specific cleavage of the protein to obtain large peptides which are readily degraded by the automatic sequencer. the apomyoglobin was selectively cleaved at the two methionyl residues with cyanogen bromide and the acetimidated apomyoglobin was cleaved at the three arginyl residues by trypsin. from the sequence analysis of four of these peptides and the apoprotein, over ...1978656376
the use of a shotgun for euthanasia of stranded cetaceans.a 12-gauge shotgun, loaded with either a solid 28 g lead slug or buckshot consisting of nine individual lead pellets with a total mass of 28 g, was used to shoot the heads of one dead common dolphin (delphinus delphis) and five dead long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melaena) varying in length from 2.5 m to 5 m. the dolphin and the smallest pilot whale were shot with both projectiles from the dorsal surface of the head. the projectiles penetrated the head and dorsal surface of the skull, but ...199516031838
distribution of mercury in the organs and tissues of five toothed-whale species of the mediterranean.mercury levels were determined in the tissues and organs (lung, liver, kidney, skin, muscle, bone) of five toothed-whales stranded along the corsican coast between november 1993 and february 1996. the species taken into consideration were the bottlenose dolphin tursiops truncatus, the common dolphin delphinus delphis, the striped dolphin stenella coeruleoalba, the pilot whale globicephala melas and the risso's dolphin grampus griseus. the variation in mercury levels between the different tissues ...200015092940
cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in five toothed whale species of the mediterranean sea.the cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc levels were measured in six organs (lung, liver, kidney, skin, muscle, and bone) from 18 specimens of toothed whales, belonging to five species, found stranded along the corsican coast between november 1993 and december 1998. the five species examined were the bottlenose dolphin tursiops truncatus, the common dolphin delphinus delphis, the striped dolphin stenella coeruleoalba, the pilot whale globicephala melas, and the risso's dolphin grampus griseus. the va ...201711797815
polybrominated diphenyl ethers and traditional organochlorine pollutants in fulmars (fulmarus glacialis) from the faroe islands.the observed high-level burdens of organohalogens among the residents of the faroe islands, needs to be explained. long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas) blubber and meat are known sources of environmental exposure. the present study focus on the organohalogen contamination of the fulmar (fulmarus glacialis). the compounds quantified in fulmar muscle, fat, and egg are pcbs, ddts, hexachlorobenzene (hcb), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes). the dominating pollutants are the 4,4'-ddt ...200515992590
temporal shifts in poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) in north atlantic pilot whales indicate large contribution of atmospheric precursors.poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) are persistent, bioaccumulative anthropogenic compounds associated with adverse health impacts on humans and wildlife. pfas production changed in north america and europe around the year 2000, but impacts on wildlife appear to vary across species and location. unlike other mammal species, cetaceans lack the enzyme for transforming an important intermediate precursor (perfluorooctane sulfonamide: fosa), into a prevalent compound in most wildlife (perflu ...201728350446
an analysis of pilot whale vocalization activity using hidden markov models.vocalizations of cetaceans form a key component of their social interactions. such vocalization activity is driven by the behavioral states of the whales, which are not directly observable, so that latent-state models are natural candidates for modeling empirical data on vocalizations. in this paper, hidden markov models are used to analyze calling activity of long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) recorded over three years in the vestfjord basin off lofoten, norway. baseline models are u ...201728147612
conservation status of long-finned pilot whales, globicephala melas, in the mediterranean sea.mediterranean sea long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) are currently classified as data deficient on the international union for the conservation of nature (iucn) red list. multiple lines of evidence, including molecular genetic and photo-identification mark-recapture analyses, indicate that the strait of gibraltar population (distributed from 5.8°w longitude to west of djibouti bank and alborán dorsal in the alborán sea) is differentiated from the mediterranean sea population (east of ...201727770984
pulmonary carcinoma with metastasis in a long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas).lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in humans, however this does not apply to other animal species. living in an aquatic environment the respiratory system of cetaceans had to undergo unique adaptations in order to them to survive and cope with totally different respiratory pathogens and potentially carcinogens from those affecting humans.201627729046
interspecific hybridization in pilot whales and asymmetric genetic introgression in northern globicephala melas under the scenario of global warming.pilot whales are two cetacean species (globicephala melas and g. macrorhynchus) whose distributions are correlated with water temperature and partially overlap in some areas like the north atlantic ocean. in the context of global warming, distribution range shifts are expected to occur in species affected by temperature. consequently, a northward displacement of the tropical pilot whale g. macrorynchus is expected, eventually leading to increased secondary contact areas and opportunities for int ...201627508496
disturbance-specific social responses in long-finned pilot whales, globicephala melas.social interactions among animals can influence their response to disturbance. we investigated responses of long-finned pilot whales to killer whale sound playbacks and two anthropogenic sources of disturbance: tagging effort and naval sonar exposure. the acoustic scene and diving behaviour of tagged individuals were recorded along with the social behaviour of their groups. all three disturbance types resulted in larger group sizes, increasing social cohesion during disturbance. however, the nat ...201627353529
relationships between concentrations of selected organohalogen contaminants and thyroid hormones and vitamins a, e and d in faroese pilot whales.pilot whales (globicephala melas) from the faroe islands, north-east atlantic, have high body concentrations of organohalogenated compounds (ohcs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorinated pesticides (ocps) and brominated flame retardants (bfrs). the aim of the present study was to examine if and to what extent blood plasma and liver concentrations of several groups of these ohcs are related to concentrations of relevant nutritional and hormonal biomarkers in pilot whales. thy ...201627131793
quantifying group specificity of animal vocalizations without specific sender information.recordings of animal vocalization can lack information about sender and context. this is often the case in studies on marine mammals or in the increasing number of automated bioacoustics monitorings. here, we develop a framework to estimate group specificity without specific sender information. we introduce and apply a bag-of-calls-and-coefficients approach (bocca) to study ensembles of cepstral coefficients calculated from vocalization signals recorded from a given animal group. comparing distr ...201626986319
assessing disease and mortality among small cetaceans stranded at a world heritage site in southern brazil.cetaceans are considered environmental sentinels and their health often reflects either anthropogenic or natural spatio-temporal disturbances. this study investigated the pathological findings and mortality of small cetaceans with the aim of detecting hazards and monitoring health trends in a high-biodiversity area. between 2007 and 2012, 218 stranded cetaceans were recorded on the paraná coast, southern brazil. fifty-seven (26.1%) of these animals, including 50 sotalia guianensis, 2 pontoporia ...201626871703
possible link between hg and cd accumulation in the brain of long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas).the bioaccumulation of metals was investigated by analysis of liver, kidney, muscle and brain tissue of a pod of 21 long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) of all ages stranded in scotland, uk. the results are the first to report cadmium (cd) passage through the blood-brain barrier of pilot whales and provide a comprehensive study of the long-term (up to 35 years) mammalian exposure to the environmental pollutants. additionally, linear accumulation of mercury (hg) was observed in all studi ...201626748005
fatal asphyxiation in two long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) caused by common soles (solea solea).long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) are rare visitors to the southern north sea, but recently two individual strandings occurred on the dutch coast. both animals shared the same, unusual cause of death: asphyxiation from a common sole (solea solea) stuck in their nasal cavity. this is a rare cause of death in cetaceans. whilst asphyxiation has been reported in smaller odontocetes, there are no recent records of this occurring in globicephala species. here we report the stranding, necro ...201526580786
pops in free-ranging pilot whales, sperm whales and fin whales from the mediterranean sea: influence of biological and ecological factors.the pilot whale globicephala melas, the sperm whale physeter macrocephalus, and the fin whale balaenoptera physalus are large cetaceans permanently inhabiting the mediterranean sea. these species are subjected to numerous anthropogenic threats such as exposure to high levels of contaminants. therefore, selected persistent organic pollutants pops (29 pcbs, 15 organochlorine compounds, 9 pbdes and 17 pcdd/fs) were analysed in blubber biopsies of 49 long-finned pilot whales, 61 sperm whales and 70 ...201526162962
legacy and emerging organic pollutants in liver and plasma of long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) from waters surrounding the faroe islands.concentrations of pcbs, organochlorine pesticides (ocps), brominated flame retardants and a suite of relevant metabolites of these pops, in all 175 different compounds, were determined in liver and plasma of traditionally hunted pilot whales (n=14 males and n=13 females of different age groups) from the faroe islands. the main objectives of this study were to determine differences in the presence and concentrations of the compounds in the liver and plasma, how they depend on developmental stage ...201525817764
quantitative relationships in delphinid neocortex.possessing large brains and complex behavioral patterns, cetaceans are believed to be highly intelligent. their brains, which are the largest in the animal kingdom and have enormous gyrification compared with terrestrial mammals, have long been of scientific interest. few studies, however, report total number of brain cells in cetaceans, and even fewer have used unbiased counting methods. in this study, using stereological methods, we estimated the total number of cells in the neocortex of the l ...201425505387
high thresholds for avoidance of sonar by free-ranging long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas).the potential effects of exposing marine mammals to military sonar is a current concern. dose-response relationships are useful for predicting potential environmental impacts of specific operations. to reveal behavioral response thresholds of exposure to sonar, we conducted 18 exposure/control approaches to 6 long-finned pilot whales. source level and proximity of sonar transmitting one of two frequency bands (1-2 khz and 6-7 khz) were increased during exposure sessions. the 2-dimensional moveme ...201424820645
an assessment of contaminant concentrations in toothed whale species of the nw iberian peninsula: part i. persistent organic pollutants.concentrations and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in the blubber of the five most common toothed whales off the northwest iberian peninsula (nwip), specifically common dolphin, long-finned pilot whale, harbour porpoise, striped dolphin and bottlenose dolphin, were investigated. the study revealed that differences in pcb and pbde concentrations among the species are highly dependent on age and sex but also on ecological factors such as trop ...201424726511
an assessment of contaminant concentrations in toothed whale species of the nw iberian peninsula: part ii. trace element concentrations.concentrations of ag, as, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, ni, pb, se, v and zn were investigated in the liver and kidney of the five most common toothed whales off the northwest iberian peninsula (nwip), specifically common dolphin, long-finned pilot whale, harbour porpoise, striped dolphin and bottlenose dolphin. differences were observed in the bioaccumulation of the above elements between the five species. the differences are probably related to biological factors such as age and sex and/or to ec ...201424702724
body contact and synchronous diving in long-finned pilot whales.synchronous behavior, as a form of social interaction, has been widely reported for odontocete cetaceans observed at the sea surface. however, few studies have quantified synchronous behavior underwater. using data from an animal-borne data recorder and camera, we described how a pair of deep-diving odontocetes, long-finned pilot whales, coordinated diving behavior. diving data during overlapping periods of 3.7 h were obtained from two whales within a stable trio. the tagged whales made highly s ...201323769937
assessing levels of halogenated organic compounds in mass-stranded long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) from australia.pollution is a threat to the health of marine mammals worldwide. mass-strandings are poorly understood, but often involve pilot whales. however, there is limited information regarding pollution in long-finned pilot whales from australia. consequently, the profiles and levels of several pollutant classes were investigated in blubber of tasmanian long-finned pilot whales. ddx levels were highest in all groups, followed by pcbs or meo-pbdes and lowest for pbdes. the concentrations of all pollutants ...201323714247
genetic evidence of multiple matrilines and spatial disruption of kinship bonds in mass strandings of long-finned pilot whales, globicephala melas.mass strandings of whales and dolphins have puzzled biologists since aristotle. although environmental factors are often assumed to initiate strandings, social forces must also influence the dynamics of many of these events, particularly for the primary species involved in mass strandings, the long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas). here, we test two hypotheses derived from common assumptions about the social dynamics of long-finned pilot whales by identifying maternal lineages from mtdna ...201323493607
pilot whales attracted to killer whale sounds: acoustically-mediated interspecific interactions in cetaceans.in cetaceans' communities, interactions between individuals of different species are often observed in the wild. yet, due to methodological and technical challenges very little is known about the mediation of these interactions and their effect on cetaceans' behavior. killer whales (orcinus orca) are a highly vocal species and can be both food competitors and potential predators of many other cetaceans. thus, the interception of their vocalizations by unintended cetacean receivers may be particu ...201223300613
changes in dive behavior during naval sonar exposure in killer whales, long-finned pilot whales, and sperm whales.anthropogenic underwater sound in the environment might potentially affect the behavior of marine mammals enough to have an impact on their reproduction and survival. diving behavior of four killer whales (orcinus orca), seven long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas), and four sperm whales (physeter macrocephalus) was studied during controlled exposures to naval sonar [low frequency active sonar (lfas): 1-2 khz and mid frequency active sonar (mfas): 6-7 khz] during three field seasons (2006 ...201223087648
investigating the potential use of environmental dna (edna) for genetic monitoring of marine mammals.the exploitation of non-invasive samples has been widely used in genetic monitoring of terrestrial species. in aquatic ecosystems, non-invasive samples such as feces, shed hair or skin, are less accessible. however, the use of environmental dna (edna) has recently been shown to be an effective tool for genetic monitoring of species presence in freshwater ecosystems. detecting species in the marine environment using edna potentially offers a greater challenge due to the greater dilution, amount o ...201222952587
biopsy wound healing in long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas). 201121257599
audiogram of a formerly stranded long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas) measured using auditory evoked potentials.long-finned pilot whales are highly social odontocetes found in temperate and subpolar regions. this species is particularly known for its interaction with fisheries as well as its mass strandings. recent tagging work has provided some information about pilot whales in the wild but, even though they have been successfully kept in captivity, little is known about their sensory capabilities. this study investigates the hearing abilities of a rehabilitated 2 year old male long-finned pilot whale. a ...201020802115
distribution of pholeter gastrophilus (digenea) within the stomach of four odontocete species: the role of the diet and digestive physiology of hosts.we compared the distribution of the digenean pholeter gastrophilus in the stomach of 27 harbour porpoises, phocoena phocoena, 27 striped dolphins, stenella coeruleoalba, 18 bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus, and 100 long-finned pilot whales, globicephala melas. the stomach of these species is composed of 4 chambers of different size, structure and function. in all species, p. gastrophilus was largely restricted to the glandular region of the stomach, but the parasite tended to favour the f ...200616719957
spondylitic changes in long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) stranded on cape cod, massachusetts, usa, between 1982 and 2000.the primary bone pathology diagnoses recognized in cetacea are osteomyelitis and spondylosis deformans. in this study, we determined the prevalence, type, and severity of vertebral pathology in 52 pilot whales, a mass stranding species that stranded on cape cod, massachusetts, between 1982 and 2000. eleven whales (21%) had hyperostosis and ossification of tendon insertion points on and between vertebrae, chevron bones, and costovertebral joints, with multiple fused blocks of vertebrae. these les ...200516456160
surface properties of the skin of the pilot whale globicephala melas.on the skin surface of delphinids small biofoulers are challenged to high shear water flow and liquid-vapor interfaces of air-bubbles during jumping. this state of self-cleaning is supported by the even, nano-rough gel-coated epidermal surface of the skin. the present study focussed on the intercellular evolution of gel formation and the chemical composition of the gel smoothing the skin surface of the pilot whale, globicephala melas, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) in combination w ...200314618718
autometallographic tracing of mercury in pilot whale tissues in the faroe islands.autometallography (amg) was applied for tracing mercury in long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) harvested in the faroe islands.200312862181
a covalently cross-linked gel derived from the epidermis of the pilot whale globicephala melas.the rheological properties of the stratum corneum of the pilot whale (globicephala melas) were investigated with emphasis on their significance to the self-cleaning abilities of the skin surface smoothed by a jelly material enriched with various hydrolytic enzymes. the gel formation of the collected fluid was monitored by applying periodic-harmonic oscillating loads using a stress-controlled rheometer. in the mechanical spectrum of the gel, the plateau region of the storage modulus g' (<1200 pa) ...200212454437
stenurus globicephalae baylis et daubney, 1925 (nematoda: pseudaliidae) from a false killer whale, pseudorca crassidens (cetacea: delphinidae), stranded on the coast of uruguay.stenurus globicephalae baylis et daubney, 1925 (nematoda: pseudaliidae) was found in the cranial air sinuses of a false killer whale, pseudorca crassidens (owen), stranded on the coast of uruguay in 1999. although this species has been reported once in p. crassidens from the north atlantic, this is the first record for south america. a total of 920 specimens were obtained, of which 663 were females (body length: 4.34 +/- 0.45 cm) and 257 were males (2.99 +/- 0.18 cm). morphometric details are pr ...200212016448
lingual ultrastructure of the long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas).microscopic studies on the cetacean tongue are limited and, to date, only a few ultrastructural reports on dolphins have been published. this report presents the initial description of the lingual ultrastructure of the long-finned pilot whale. the lingual integumental surface was smooth, lacking papillae, although flaking of outer stratum corneum cells could be observed at high resolution. the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis resembled those of cetacean skin on other region ...200111820406
interspecific introgression in cetaceans: dna markers reveal post-f1 status of a pilot whale.visual species identification of cetacean strandings is difficult, especially when dead specimens are degraded and/or species are morphologically similar. the two recognised pilot whale species (globicephala melas and globicephala macrorhynchus) are sympatric in the north atlantic ocean. these species are very similar in external appearance and their morphometric characteristics partially overlap; thus visual identification is not always reliable. genetic species identification ensures correct i ...201323990883
mortality rate acceleration and post-reproductive lifespan in matrilineal whale species.the strength of selection to increase the span of a life stage is dependent upon individuals at that stage being able to contribute towards individual fitness and the probability of their surviving to that stage. complete reproductive cessation and a long post-reproductive female lifespan as found in humans are also found in killer whale (orcinus orca) and short-finned pilot whale (globicephala macrorhynchus), but not in the long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melaena). each species forms kin- ...200818252662
population structure of long-finned pilot whales in the north atlantic: a correlation with sea surface temperature?the long-finned pilot whale, globicephala melas, is a social, pelagic odontocete distributed widely in the cold temperate waters of the north atlantic. despite genetic, morphometric, physiological and observational studies, it remains unclear whether any population substructure exists. we have used eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to analyse samples from four disparate sampling sites: usa east coast (cape cod), west greenland, the faeroe islands and the uk. our results indicate that ...200010886657
a zymogel enhances the self-cleaning abilities of the skin of the pilot whale (globicephala melas).enzyme activity in the stratum corneum of the pilot whale globicephala melas was investigated employing colorimetric enzyme screening assays combined with native page, size exclusion chromatography (sec) and histochemical staining procedures. applying different substrates, several enzymes were detected. the histochemical demonstration of some selected hydrolytic enzymes enriched in the stratum corneum showed high extracellular accumulation. as demonstrated by size exclusion chromatography, high ...200111691619
identification of 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas) from the atlantic.nineteen tetra- to hexabrominated diphenyl ethers were identified at ppb concentration in the blubber of pilot whale caught off the coast of the faroe islands in 1994 and 1996. higher total concentrations were found in the pooled samples of young males (3,160 ng/g lipid) and females (3,038 ng/g lipid) compared to adult females (843 ng/g and 1,048 ng/g lipid) and males (1,610 ng/g lipids). the predominant isomers in all samples were 2,2',4,4'-tebde (pbde #47) and 2,2',4,4', 5-pebde (pbde #99) acc ...199910047605
mercury in pilot whales: possible limits to the detoxification process.the ability of pilot whales (globicephala melas) to concentrate cadmium and mercury is well established. the levels of these metals were generally higher than those encountered in other species of marine mammals. the biological data have not revealed a major toxic problem in the population, and this suggests a remarkable tolerance of this species to heavy metals. cellular distribution of mercury was carried out in liver samples. the presence of metallothionein-like proteins in the soluble fracti ...19968685711
hepatocyte vacuolation and autolytic changes in the liver of pilot whales, globicephala melas, stranded on cape cod, ma, usa.most cetacea available for internal sampling in recent times have died through mass or single stranding events. it is important to know how the time elapsed between death and sampling affect quality of tissues. this study evaluated histological quality in the liver of long-finned pilot whales that either died or were euthanased after mass stranding events. histological detection of significant autolysis was found in animals when 2 or more hours elapsed between death and sampling. in addition, he ...19968685702
trace element concentrations in cetacean liver tissues archived in the national marine mammal tissue bank.the national biomonitoring specimen bank (nbsb), a collaborative project of several u.s. government agencies, includes marine mammal tissues collected for the alaska marine mammal tissue archival project (ammtap) and the national marine mammal tissue bank (nmmtb). tissues were collected from 139 animals representing 13 species of marine mammals from around the u.s. recently, concentrations for up to 30 elements in liver tissues of nine long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas), six harbor po ...19958560237
age trends and reproductive transfer of organochlorine compounds in long-finned pilot whales from the faroe islands.total ddt and pcb concentrations were determined in blubber of 130 long-finned pilot whales, globicephala melas (100 females and 30 males) from the faroe islands (northern north-east atlantic). in males and immature females no relation was observed between age and organochlorine concentrations or the ratio of tddt (total ddt)/pcb; in contrast, concentrations and ratios in mature females declined with age, which is attributed to reproductive transfer to their offspring during gestation and lactat ...199515091540
growth-related changes in testicular mass and plasma testosterone concentrations in long-finned pilot whales, globicephala melas.blood samples and testes were collected from long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) off the faroe islands at irregular intervals over a period of 3 years (july 1986-december 1989). changes in testis mass (n = 674) and plasma testosterone concentrations (n = 214), measured by radioimmunoassay, were examined with respect to age, bodylength and bodymass of the animals. corresponding to a rapid testicular growth (from 0.25 kg up to 1.9 kg), puberty occurred in male pilot whales of 4.6-5.7 m i ...19947799319
epidermal lipid in several cetacean species: ultrastructural observations.the ultrastructure of the skin of four cetacean species, bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melaena), humpback whale (megaptera novaeangliae), and fin whale (balaenoptera physalus) was investigated with particular reference to epidermal lipid. it has already been established that massive lipid reservoirs exist in whales, that the biochemical structures of cetacean lipids are unique, and that unusual intracellular lipid droplets appear in the epidermis. ...19938250278
intestinal helminth communities of the long-finned pilot whale (globicephala melas) off the faroe islands.the intestines of 170 long-finned pilot whales, globicephala melas, caught off the faroe islands (n.e. atlantic) were examined for helminth parasites. eight species were detected but only 4 occurred in at least 10% of the sample. no core or recurrent group of species were identified and no correlations between abundances of species were significant. diversity values were far below those reported for other endotherms. colonization by helminths was random, whales not being readily colonized. these ...19938488068
organomercury determination in biological reference materials: application to a study on mercury speciation in marine mammals off the faröe islands.the potential use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (gf-aas) for the organic mercury determination in marine biological tissues was evaluated. following its isolation by acid extraction in toluene, organic mercury was recovered in aqueous thiosulfate and measured by gf-aas. the detection limit was 0.01 microgram hg/g (as methyl mercury). analyses were conducted on three reference standard materials certified for their methyl mercury content, dolt-1, dorm-1, and tort-1, provided ...19921385082
conservation of polymorphic simple sequence loci in cetacean species.length polymorphisms within simple-sequence loci occur ubiquitously in non-coding eukaryotic dna and can be highly informative in the analysis of natural populations. simple-sequence length polymorphisms (sslp) in the long-finned pilot whale globicephala melas (delphinidae) have provided useful information on the mating system as well as on the genetic structure of populations. we have therefore tested whether the polymerase chain reaction primers designed for globicephala could also be used to ...19911944571
breeding behaviour of pilot whales revealed by dna fingerprinting.most species of whale spend the majority of their lives well away from land, are capable of migrating over large distances and are difficult to identify individually. however, conservation measures require a detailed understanding of their social structure, breeding behaviour and migration patterns. the advent of dna fingerprinting permits a systematic investigation of such parameters. in the faeroe islands there exists a traditional harvest of long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas), in w ...19911917551
the karyotype of the long-finned pilot whale, globicephala melaena. 19883230026
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