| electrostatic effects in myoglobin. application of the modified tanford-kirkwood theory to myoglobins from horse, california grey whale, harbor seal, and california sea lion. | the modified tanford-kirkwood electrostatic theory (shire et al., 1974a) was applied to ferrimyoglobins from the following animal species: sperm whale (physeter catodon), horse, california grey whale (eschrichtius gibbosus), harbor seal (phoca vitulina), and california sea lion (zalophus californianus). computations were made of the overall hydrogen ion titration curves of the proteins, and of ph and ionic strength variations of ionization equilibria for individual groups in the protein, with pa ... | 1975 | 235950 |
| plasma biochemical values of clinically-normal australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). | seventeen biochemical constituents were assayed in the blood plasma of clinically-normal australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). the sea lions formed part of a breeding colony which inhabits the southern coast of kangaroo island, south australia. little variation was found in any of the values obtained from animals of different age and sex. the results were compared with values published for california sea lions (zalophus californianus), northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), harbor seals (p ... | 1979 | 459034 |
| parasites and associated pathology observed in pinnipeds stranded along the oregon coast. | forty-two seals and sea lions found dead along the oregon coast were examined for parasites and associated pathology. nematode infections of the lung and/or gastrointestinal tract were the primary cause of death in 5 of 42 animals examined. new distribution records were established for pricetrema zalophi and zalophotrema hepaticum. new host records include z. hepaticum and diphyllobothrium cordatum in the steller's sea lion (eumetopias jubatus); nanophyetus salmincola in the california sea lion ... | 1978 | 567698 |
| [helminth fauna of bering sea pinnipeds from karaginskiy bay]. | the helminthological investigations were conducted from may 6 to may 28, 1972 in the karaginsk gulf of the bering sea. the helminths were collected from 124 specimens of phoca vitulina largha, 9 specimens of erignathus barbatus nauticus, 9 specimens of pusa hispida krascheninnikovi and 9 specimens of histriophoca fasciata. in all, 23 species, 2 immature and 1 larval form of helminths were recorded. the data are given on the localization of helminths, intensity and extensity of their invasion, pa ... | 1976 | 958725 |
| dirofilaria immitis infection in a harbor seal. | | 1975 | 1176343 |
| lenticular lesions in harbour seals (phoca vitulina). | lenticular lesions were found in 21 of 44 mainly younger harbour seals investigated during the epidemic caused by phocine distemper virus (pdv) in 1988/89. malformations and cataracts varied in quality and degree and were histologically characterized by proliferative and/or degenerative lenticular alterations. except for two animals, both eyes were affected symmetrically. for that reason, local exogenous causes are improbable. there was very little evidence for infectious agents isolated from th ... | 1992 | 1291586 |
| herpesvirus infections in seals: a summary of present knowledge. | this review summarises the occurrence of herpesvirus infections in pinnipeds and data from investigations carried out by the authors. these data demonstrate that herpesvirus isolates collected from harbour seals (phoca vitulina linnaeus, 1758) during the 1988 seal epidemic were almost indistinguishable from feline herpesvirus 1 and that antarctic weddell's seals (leptonychotes weddelli lesson, 1826) carry antibodies against seal herpesvirus from the north-western europe seal epidemic. the signif ... | 1992 | 1339068 |
| round table on morbilliviruses in marine mammals. | since 1988 morbilliviruses have been increasingly recognized and held responsible for mass mortality amongst harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and other seal species. virus isolations and characterization proved that morbilliviruses from seals in northwest europe were genetically distinct from other known members of this group including canine distemper virus (cdv), rinderpest virus, peste des petits ruminants virus and measles virus. an epidemic in baikal seals in 1987 was apparently caused by a m ... | 1992 | 1481361 |
| serologic study of phocine distemper in a population of harbor seals in scotland. | a serologic survey of the prevalence of morbillivirus antibodies was conducted in a population of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from northeastern scotland, where mortality was comparatively low during the 1988 phocine distemper virus outbreak. none of the 12 seals sampled before the epizootic were seropositive. thirty-five (52%) of 68 seals sampled after the beginning of the epizootic were seropositive, although there were significant age-related differences in both the number of seropositive in ... | 1992 | 1548798 |
| investigations on course and outcome of phocine distemper virus infection in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. virological and serological investigations. | the influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) on phocine distemper virus (pdv) infections in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) was studied. six out of ten seals had been conditioned with a defined mixture of pcb-congeners for several weeks. following exposure to the cell culture-propagated pdv isolate 2558/han 88 the complete clinical picture of "1988 seal plague" was provoked in all ten seals inoculated. four out of six pcb-conditioned seals and two out of four seals not loaded with pcbs succu ... | 1992 | 1580105 |
| mycoplasma phocidae sp. nov., isolated from harbor seals (phoca vitulina l.). | in 1979 and 1980, more than 400 harbor seals (phoca vitulina) along the new england coast of the united states died of epizootic pneumonia that was attributed to an influenza virus. six mycoplasma isolates that were recovered from the respiratory tracts of affected seals were investigated and were found to be serologically identical and distinct from previously described species. these isolates required serum for growth, did not possess a cell wall, and did not hydrolyze urea. arginine was hydro ... | 1992 | 1581181 |
| the complete mitochondrial dna sequence of the harbor seal, phoca vitulina. | the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the harbor seal, phoca vitulina, was determined. the total length of the molecule was 16,826 bp. the organization of the coding regions of the molecule conforms with that of other mammals, but the control region is unusually long. a considerable portion of the control region is made up of short repeats with the motif gtacac particularly frequent. the two rrna genes and the 13 peptide-coding genes of the harbor seal, fin whale, cow, huma ... | 1992 | 1593642 |
| plasma thymulin concentrations, the thymus and organochlorine contaminant levels in seals infected with phocine distemper virus. | blood samples collected from live common seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) around the coast of scotland and northern ireland during, and immediately after, an epizootic caused by phocid distemper virus (pdv) were analysed for thymulin content. thymulin levels were compared with neutralization titres and concentrations of organochlorine contaminants (ddt and its metabolites, seven chlorinated biphenyl congeners) derived from blood and blubber samples collected from the sa ... | 1992 | 1594929 |
| organochlorine levels in common seals (phoca vitulina) which were victims and survivors of the 1988 phocine distemper epizootic. | we compared concentrations of organochlorines in the blubber of common seals (phoca vitulina) found dead during the 1988 phocine distemper epizootic with levels in animals which survived it. there were highly significant differences between the live and dead animals, and between sample sites. these were not fully accounted for by seasonal and condition-related changes in blubber thickness. | 1992 | 1594930 |
| tissue concentrations of organochlorine compounds in common seals from the coast of northern ireland. | an epizootic of morbillivirus infection killed several hundred common seals (phoca vitulina) along the coast of northern ireland in 1988. many dead and moribund seals were submitted to the department of agriculture for northern ireland, veterinary research laboratories for necropsy. samples of blubber, liver and kidney were collected from these animals (n = 55) for analysis for a wide range of organochlorine pesticides and also total polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the organochlorines found in ... | 1992 | 1594932 |
| disease conditions affecting common seals (phoca vitulina) around the scottish mainland, september-november 1988. | common seal populations around the scottish coast were less severly devastated by phocine distemper than those on the continent. nevertheless, over a 4-month period, 59 common seals were examined postmortem. the macroscopic and histopathological lesions are described. forty-two per cent of these seals were considered to be suffering from phocine distemper. serology on 29 of the 59 seals was undertaken and the results are discussed in relation to the histopathological findings. bordetella bronchi ... | 1992 | 1594936 |
| the serological response of the common seal (phoca vitulina) and the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) to phocine distemper virus as measured by a canine distemper virus neutralisation test. | the application of a canine distemper virus (cdv) neutralisation test revealed that antibody titres of up to 11,620 were present in the sera of common seals during the epizootic of phocine distemper in british waters. however, during the later stages of the epizootic and afterwards, a surprisingly high proportion of animals were still seronegative. titres of from 90 to 183 were common in diseased animals and were probably indicative of partial immunosuppression. a few animals with proven phocine ... | 1992 | 1594940 |
| real-time ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis in the harbour seal (phoca vitulina concolor). | | 1992 | 1595162 |
| canine distemper virus iscoms induce protection in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper but still allow subsequent infection with phocid distemper virus-1. | a candidate canine distemper virus (cdv) iscom vaccine has been shown to be effective in protecting harbour seals (phoca vitulina) from phocid distemper in 1988. however, of the 35 harbour seals receiving this vaccine upon admission to a seal rehabilitation and research centre (pieterburen, the netherlands) in 1989, six developed mild inflammatory symptoms of the respiratory tract. phocid distemper virus-1 (pdv-1) could be isolated from three of these animals. this indicates that the vaccine aff ... | 1992 | 1609546 |
| immunological relationships between phocid and canine distemper virus studied with monoclonal antibodies. | the immunological relationships between distemper viruses, isolated from a seal and mink in denmark and from a dog in greenland, were investigated with 39 previously developed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against four major structural proteins of canine distemper virus (cdv). they were also investigated with 16 newly developed mabs directed against the fusion (f) and large glycoprotein (named h in analogy with measles virus) of phocid distemper virus (pdv) isolated from a harbour seal ( ... | 1990 | 1698923 |
| the helminth fauna of the common seal (phoca vitulina vitulina, linné, 1758) from the wadden sea in lower saxony. part 1: trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephala. | between august 1988 and january 1989 110 common seals found dead along the coast of lower saxony were investigated for the occurrence of trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephala. two fluke species, cryptocotyle lingua creplin, 1825 and phagicola septentrionalis van den broek, 1967, two tapeworm species diphyllobothrium cordatum leuckart, 1863 and diphyllobothrium elegans krabbe, 1865, and the acanthocephala species corynosoma strumosum rudolphi, 1802 were found. phagicola septentrionalis and the ... | 1991 | 1789021 |
| the helminth fauna from the common seal (phoca vitulina vitulina, linné, 1758) of the wadden sea in lower saxony. part 2: nematodes. | during the seal epidemic in 1988 and the beginning of 1989, 115 common seals found dead on the shores of the wadden sea of lower saxony were investigated for the presence of nematodes. the lungworm otostrongylus circumlitus railliet 1899 was found in 26.1% of the seals, the lungworm parafilaroides gymnurus railliet 1899 in 26.9% and the heartworm dipetalonema spirocauda leidy 1858 in 32.2% of the seals. in the digestive tract, two anisakid species were found, pseudoterranova decipiens mozgovoi 1 ... | 1991 | 1789022 |
| [amino acid sequence of myoglobin from seals from lake baikal]. | the primary structure of myoglobin of the seal of lake baikal (east siberia) phoca siberica, determined by sequencing the whole protein and peptides obtained by the cyanogen bromide or proteinase cleavage and separated by the microcolumn liquid chromatography, was found to be identical to the primary structures of myoglobins of the harbour seal phoca vitulina largha and the grey seal halehoerus gryphus. it suggests that these species separated from a common ancestor less than seven million years ... | 1991 | 1807253 |
| genetic evidence for three species within pseudoterranova decipiens (nematoda, ascaridida, ascaridoidea) in the north atlantic and norwegian and barents seas. | genetic variation of 1017 specimens of codworm, pseudoterranova decipiens, collected from fish and seals at 23 sampling locations in the north atlantic and norwegian and barents seas, was analysed on the basis of 16 enzyme loci. three reproductively isolated species, provisionally designated p. decipiens a, b and c, were detected, showing distinct alleles at the following loci: mdh-1, 6pgdh, np, pgm, est-2 (between species a and b); mdh-3, 6pgdh, np, sod-1, adk, pgm, est-2, mpi (between a and c) ... | 1991 | 1869354 |
| lipoproteins in pinnipeds: analysis of a high molecular weight form of apolipoprotein e. | we have examined the apolipoprotein content of the lipoproteins of several marine mammals by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. their apolipoprotein (apo) b-100, apob-48, and apoa-i migrated to virtually the same position as the comparable human apolipoproteins. in cetaceans (bottlenose dolphins and killer whales), the molecular mass of the apoe was identical to that of human apoe (35 kda). in contrast, in the lipoproteins of pinnipeds (harbor seals, sea lions, and walrus ... | 1991 | 1940617 |
| mycoplasma phocarhinis sp. nov. and mycoplasma phocacerebrale sp. nov., two new species from harbor seals (phoca vitulina l.). | a total of 120 mycoplasma strains were recovered from 97 of 265 diseased seals investigated during the seal epidemic in the north sea and in the baltic sea in 1988. mycoplasmas were isolated from the respiratory tracts (including lungs), hearts, brains, and eyes of the seals. thirty strains were filter cloned and investigated for their morphological, biochemical, and serological characteristics compared with the characteristics of previously described species. the results of an indirect immunofl ... | 1991 | 1995034 |
| histopathologic and immunocytochemical studies of distemper in harbor porpoises. | during 1988 thousands of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) died in european seas as a result of morbillivirus infection. six harbor porpoises (phocoena phocoena) found stranded on the coast of northern ireland in late 1988 were submitted to our laboratory for necropsy. pneumonia was the main necropsy finding in three of these animals. microscopic lung lesions characterized by necrosis of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and infiltration of alveoli with leukocytes, lymphoid cells, macrophages, an ... | 1991 | 2017822 |
| cardiac output and stroke volume in swimming harbor seals. | cardiac output was measured by the thermodilution method in three young harbor seals, at rest and while swimming up to the maximum effort for which they could be trained. stroke volume was determined by counting heart rate simultaneously with determination of cardiac output. cardiac outputs varied widely between surface breathing (7.8 ml.kg-1.s-1) and breath-holding while swimming under water (1.8 ml.kg-1.s-1). stroke volume while at the surface was almost twice the volume while submerged. surfa ... | 1990 | 2097298 |
| comparison of two morbilliviruses isolated from seals during outbreaks of distemper in north west europe and siberia. | recently morbilliviruses were isolated from harbour seals (phoca vitulina) in north west europe (phocid distemper virus-1: pdv-1) and from baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia (phocid distemper virus-2: pdv-2) during outbreaks of severe disease which resembled distemper in dogs. pdv-1 and pdv-2 were passaged in spf dogs, in which they caused distemper-like disease symptoms, and were subsequently passaged in vero cells in which they caused cytopathic changes. pdv-1, pdv-2, and canine distempe ... | 1990 | 2141248 |
| mass mortality in seals caused by a newly discovered morbillivirus. | during a recent disease outbreak among harbour seals (phoca vitulina) in the north and baltic seas, more than 17,000 animals have died. the clinical symptoms and pathological findings were similar to those of distemper in dogs. based on a seroepizootiological study, using a canine distemper virus (cdv) neutralization assay, it was shown that cdv or a closely related morbillivirus (phocid distemper virus-pdv) was the primary cause of the disease. the virus was isolated in cell culture from the or ... | 1990 | 2205971 |
| responses of harbor seal and pig heart to progressive and acute hypoxia. | myocardial oxidative and glycolytic reserves were evaluated in four harbor seals, phoca vitulina richardsi, and six domestic pigs, sus scrofa (hematocrits: 58 +/- 5 and 34 +/- 1%., respectively). progressive hypoxia was induced by lowering arterial hemoglobin-oxygen saturation in 10% decrements, each maintained for 10-min periods, until the onset of heart failure. myocardial oxygen consumption rate (vo2), lactate release/uptake rate (l), and triple product, an index of myocardial energetic deman ... | 1990 | 2221153 |
| morbillivirus infections of seals during the 1988 epidemic in the bay of heligoland: iii. transmission studies of cell culture-propagated phocine distemper virus in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and a grey seal (halichoerus grypus): clinical, virological and serological results. | eight harbour seals (phoca vitulina), two of them seronegative, six seropositive against pdv and a seronegative grey seal (halichoerus grypus) were exposed to a low doses of a cell culture-propagated phocine distemper virus isolate (pdv 2558/han 88). an intranasal route of inoculation was chosen. clinical signs, resembling those of 1988's seal disease and seroconversion were observed in both seronegative harbour seals. one of them succumbed to the infection. the virus was not transmitted to anot ... | 1990 | 2267888 |
| a review of the 1988 european seal morbillivirus epizootic. | an epizootic of morbillivirus infection killed thousands of common seals (phoca vitulina) in european seas in 1988. most of the affected seals had respiratory signs and the main post mortem finding was acute pneumonia. the histopathological changes were similar to those of canine distemper. six common porpoises (phocoena phocoena) found stranded on the coast of northern ireland in late 1988 had similar lesions. morbillivirus infection also killed several thousand siberian seals (phoca siberica) ... | 1990 | 2288059 |
| temperature and the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve of the harbor seal, phoca vitulina. | to determine the effect of temperature and ph on oxygen-hemoglobin affinity of the harbor seal, we measured 61 biotonometric oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves on blood from 5 seals at 3 temperatures and a range of ph values. the average (+/- sem) hemoglobin concentration was 3.44 +/- 0.15 mm, nearly 50% greater than found in normal humans. at ph 7.4 the p50 (partial pressure of o2 at 50% hemoglobin saturation) +/- sem values were 22.4 +/- 0.6,25.3 +/- 0.5, and 28.5 +/- 0.4 torr at 33, 37 and ... | 1990 | 2336490 |
| histopathological findings in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) found dead on the german north sea coast. | various organs--lung, trachea, liver, kidney, heart, adrenal gland, skin, spleen, thymus, lymph node, gut, thyroid, spinal cord and brain--were removed from 43 seals at dissections performed on the german north sea coast. the specimens were fixed in formalin and routinely processed for light microscopy. the major pathological findings were lung: acute congestion with interstitial and intra-alveolar oedema; intra-alveolar haemorrhage; suppurative bronchitis and bronchopneumonia; larvae and adult ... | 1990 | 2365846 |
| humoral immune responses in seals infected by phocine distemper virus. | recently the isolation and characterisation of a morbillivirus which caused high mortality in common seals (phoca vitulina) in 1988 have been reported. because of the clinical and pathological similarity of the disease in seals to that of distemper in dogs, the name phocine distemper virus (pdv) has been proposed. there are marked differences in the virus-induced proteins of pdv compared to other morbilliviruses and the humoral immune response of moribund and dead seals to pdv was restricted to ... | 1990 | 2382048 |
| mechanism of tolerance to renal ischemia in harbor seal: role of membranes. | many diving animals are capable of engaging in long breath-hold dives. investigations were undertaken to compare the active tubular transport of organic ions between kidney slices from harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and rats (control) under anoxia or low ph or both. para-aminohippurate (pah) and tetraethylammonium (tea) were used as a representative organic anion and cation, respectively. the slice-to-medium concentration ratios (s:m) of pah (congruent to 2.5) in the harbor seal was not altered ( ... | 1989 | 2552633 |
| herpesvirus in harbour seals (phoca vitulina): isolation, partial characterization and distribution. | from post-mortem material (liver and lung) and leucocytes of four (3.6%) out of 112 examined harbour seals during the seal epizootic in 1988 six cytopathogenic viral isolates were obtained which were provisionally classified as herpes-like viruses. results of physico-chemical and electron microscopic investigations suggested their relationship to the herpesvirus family. serological examinations were carried out with sera from wildlife as well as captive animals using herpesvirus isolates from fo ... | 1989 | 2558467 |
| herpesvirus in harbour seals (phoca vitulina): transmission in homologous host. | in the norddeich orphanage seals about four to five months of age were exposed intranasally and by contact to a phocine herpesvirus which originated from a young seal in this station. virus excretion by the nasal route was observed in two animals on day 2 and 15 post inoculation, respectively. production of neutralizing antibodies was detected one week after exposure. the antibody titre range was approximately tenfold higher in the inoculated seals than in animals of the contact group. the seals ... | 1989 | 2558468 |
| morbillivirus infection of seals (phoca vitulina) during the 1988 epidemic in the bay of heligoland. i. mode, frequency and significance of cultural virus isolation and neutralizing antibody detection. | from 16 (14%) out of 112 dead or euthanized seals originating from wildlife and seal orphanages phocine morbillivirus was isolated. the majority of viral isolates in cell cultures was obtained from lung homogenates of 15 out of 71 free-ranging seals (21%). the virus was isolated by longterm cultivation in roller cultures of seal kidney cells. the phocine morbillivirus was detected by typical cytopathogenic alteration and by peroxidase-linked antibody (pla) assay, respectively. a neutralization t ... | 1989 | 2596201 |
| a morbillivirus causing mass mortality in seals. | during an outbreak of a serious apparently infectious disease among harbour seals (phoca vitulina), which started in the kattegat area in april 1988 and rapidly spread to the north sea, the wadden sea and the baltic sea, greater than 17,000 animals died within a period of eight months. in august 1988 it was realized that the clinical symptoms and pathological lesions were similar to those found in canine distemper: apart from general depression and fever, the animals suffered from severe respira ... | 1989 | 2609721 |
| vaccination of harbour seals (phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper with two different inactivated canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccines. | two inactivated canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccines--an adjuvanted whole inactivated virus and a subunit iscom preparation--were tested for their ability to induce protective immunity in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper, a disease that recently killed greater than 17,000 harbour seals in the north and baltic seas, and was shown to be caused by infection with a newly discovered morbillivirus, which is antigenically closely related to cdv. four cdv seronegative harbour sea ... | 1989 | 2609727 |
| morbillivirus infection among seals (phoca vitulina) during the 1988 epidemic in the bay of heligoland. ii. serogological investigations reflecting a previous phocine distemper epidemic in a seal orphanage. | of 57 seals hospitalized in the norddeich orphanage, 37 (65%) had died until 22nd of august, 1988, when the first collection of blood samples from the survivors commenced. all the sera including those obtained at a later date from the remaining animals had invariably higher neutralizing antibody titres against a phocine distemper virus (pdv) isolate than against canine distemper virus (cdv). the difference of mean titres was calculated to be more than 1.5 x log10 serum dilution. peak titres demo ... | 1989 | 2609807 |
| histopathologic and immunocytochemical studies of distemper in seals. | thousands of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) died in european seas during 1988. respiratory distress and oculonasal discharge were common clinical signs. we necropsied 76 affected seals. the main necropsy finding was severe pneumonia. microscopic lung changes were characterized by proliferation of type ii pneumocytes, filling of alveolar lumina with serofibrinous exudate, leukocytes, and macrophages, and necrosis of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. intracytoplasmic and intranuclear acidophili ... | 1989 | 2652873 |
| infection studies in mink with seal-derived morbillivirus. | morbillivirus derived from diseased harbour seals (phoca vitulina) has characteristics of acute virulent canine distemper virus infection in mink. the infection induced a disease resembling the acute systemic and nervous form of canine distemper. | 1989 | 2669686 |
| carnivora: the primary structure of the pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens, pinnipedia) hemoglobin. | the primary structure of the alpha- and beta-chains of the hemoglobin from the pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens, pinnipedia) is presented. sequence analysis revealed only one hemoglobin component whereas two bands were found in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the globin chains were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid- and gas-phase sequencing of the chains and their tryptic peptides. the alpha-chains show 20 and the ... | 1989 | 2706084 |
| body size and organ accumulation of mercury and selenium in young harbor seals (phoca vitulina). | | 1989 | 2713523 |
| blood viscosity in phocid seals: possible adaptations to diving. | 1. mean corpuscular volume (mcv) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (mchc) of phocid seal red blood cells (rbc) are elevated compared to those of most terrestrial mammalian species. the influence of these characteristics on blood flow was revealed by viscosity (vis) measurements. 2. rbc morphology and vis of whole blood from 7 harbor seals and 5 northern elephant seals were compared with blood of the domestic pig. samples were analysed for rbc count, white blood cell (wbc) count, tota ... | 1989 | 2760283 |
| mortality of harbor seal pups at different sites in the inland waters of washington. | we examined the mortality rates and causes of death of harbor seal (phoca vitulina) pups in three regions of the inland waters of washington (usa) in 1984. one hundred eight pups were collected during 239 searches of the shoreline areas near harbor seal haulout sites or through public reports. minimum neonatal (up to 1 mo after birth) mortality rates at these regions ranged from 12% to 26% of the pups born. neonatal mortality was highest in the strait of juan de fuca; 33 of the estimated 105 (31 ... | 1989 | 2761005 |
| an outbreak of a herpesvirus infection in harbor seals (phoca vitulina). | during an outbreak of a herpesvirus infection in juvenile harbor seals, 11 out of 23 seals died. the duration of the disease in these 11 animals varied from 1-6 days. nasal discharge, inflammation of the oral mucosa, vomiting, diarrhea and fever up to 40 degrees c were observed in the first days of the disease. in later stages coughing, anorexia and lethargy occurred. severe necrosis of the liver and interstitial pneumonia were the most striking histopathological findings. | 1986 | 3005664 |
| carnivora: the primary structure of the common otter (lutra lutra, mustelidae) hemoglobin. | the hemoglobin of the common otter (lutra lutra, carnivora) contains only one component. the complete primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains are presented. they were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid and gas-phase edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides. the alpha-chains show 18 and the beta-chains 13 substitutions compared to human alpha- and beta-chains, respectively. in the alpha-chains one heme- a ... | 1988 | 3166739 |
| distemper-like disease in harbor seals: virus isolation, further pathologic and serologic findings. | | 1988 | 3218398 |
| capillary configuration in contracted muscles: comparative aspects. | we compared the degree of orientation (anisotropy) of capillaries in skeletal muscles of animals with large differences in oxygen needs and/or tolerance to hypoxia (mammals of different size; reptiles; birds; mammals native to high altitude; diving mammals). in terrestrial mammals, we found a substantial increase in capillary tortuosity with fiber shortening, in muscles with large differences in capillary density (capillary counts/fiber mm2 in transverse sections ranging 450-4350). there was no ... | 1988 | 3381698 |
| the carotid body of the harbour seal (phoca vitulina richardsi). | the bilateral distribution of carotid body type 1 and 11 cells was investigated in five harbour seals (phoca vitulina richardsi), by serially sectioning the carotid bifurcation regions. the cells occurred bilaterally in the animals and were also present in one specimen from a sixth animal available for study. the type 1 and 11 cells were located in the space between the internal and external carotid arteries and had a varied relationship to the occipital and condyloid arteries. they lay within a ... | 1986 | 3532866 |
| amino-acid sequence of the alpha and beta chains of adult hemoglobin of the harbor seal, phoca vitulina. | the complete amino-acid sequences of the alpha and beta chains of adult hemoglobin of harbor seal, phoca vitulina that belong to carnivora were determined as follows. the alpha and beta chains isolated by chromatography on a cm-cellulose column were digested with trypsin after s-carboxymethylation. amino-acid sequences of the tryptic peptides derived from both chains were analysed. comparing the primary structures of the alpha and beta chains of the seal hemoglobin with those of human, dog, bear ... | 1986 | 3828075 |
| the isolation and partial characterization of a highly pathogenic herpesvirus from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina). | this report describes the first isolation and partial characterization of a herpesvirus from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina). the virus was isolated during a disease outbreak in a group of young seals nursed in a seal orphanage in the netherlands. almost half of the seals died with symptoms of acute pneumonia and focal hepatitis and the virus was isolated of organs of most of the dead animals. seven out of ten seals of which paired serum samples were obtained showed seroconversion in a virus ne ... | 1985 | 4062560 |
| the lipid composition of the blood of marine mammals. ii. atlantic bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus and two species of seals, halichoerus grypus and phoca vitulina. | | 1971 | 4330449 |
| cation transport and energy metabolism in the high na+, low k+ erythrocyte of the harbor seal, phoca vitulina. | | 1971 | 4398992 |
| renal recovery from ischemia: a comparative study of harbor seal and dog kidneys. | | 1974 | 4440777 |
| eimeria phocae sp. n. from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina concolor). | | 1974 | 4833850 |
| the harbor seal phoca vitulina concolor de kay: comparative details of fatty acids in lung and heart phospholipids and triglycerides. | | 1972 | 5050940 |
| case report. dipetalonema spirocauda and pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a harbor seal (phoca vitulina). | | 1969 | 5388277 |
| candidiasis in captive pinnipeds. | diagnosis, treatment, and possible pathogenesis of candidiasis were studied in 5 species of pinnipeds in captivity: gray seal (halichoerus grypus), harbor seal (phoca vitulina), northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus), california sea lion (zalophus californianus), and northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris). the animals were kept outdoors in a freshwater exhibit. candidiasis was characterized by purulent nasal discharge, inflammation of the lips at the mucocutaneous junction, periocular ... | 1984 | 6096327 |
| isolation of an influenza a virus from seals. | influenza a virus of serotype hav1 neq1 (h7n7 by the 1980 revised influenza typing system proposed by who experts) was repeatedly isolated from lung and brain tissues taken from harbor seals (phoca vitulina) found suffering from pneumonia on cape cod peninsula (u.s.a.) in the winter of 1979-1980. the seal isolates, although of a serotype identical to some fowl plaque virus strains, were harmless to chickens and turkeys in transmission experiments. an earlier human infection by a hav1 neq1 influe ... | 1981 | 6168245 |
| comparative functional properties of mitochondria from seal and dog hearts. | the harbor seal (phoca vitulina) is capable of protracted dives resulting in low arterial po2 levels. the mammalian heart is an aerobic organ depending primarily on mitochondrial oxidations for energy (atp). heart mitochondria were isolated from freshly killed seals and the functional data obtained compared to dog heart mitochondria isolated under similar conditions. the percentage yields of mitochondria based on cytochrome oxidase recovery were essentially the same from dog and seal hearts. how ... | 1983 | 6302293 |
| are seals frequently infected with avian influenza viruses? | influenza a virus isolates of the h4n5 subtype (which has previously been detected only in birds) were recovered from harbor seals dying of viral pneumonia on the new england coast from june 1982 through march 1983. when these isolates were compared with other mammalian and avian viruses in serological assays and rna-rna competitive hybridization, it was found that the seal viruses were most closely related antigenically and genetically to recent avian virus strains and were readily distinguisha ... | 1984 | 6471169 |
| cardiac output and its distribution through capillaries and a-v shunts in diving seals. | regional blood flow and cardiac output were determined by distribution of radioactive microspheres injected via catheter into the left ventricle during experimental diving and recovery in juvenile spotted seals (phoca vitulina largha) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus). cardiac output was 9.7 l/min before diving, declined 90% during submersion and increased to 12.1 l/min after 40 s of recovery. left ventricular myocardial perfusion declined from 179 +/- 24 (21) to 25 +/- 2 (6) ml/min . 100 g at ... | 1983 | 6624500 |
| enzymatic adaptations to asphyxia in the harbor seal and dog. | the activities of the glycolytic enzymes were determined in heart, liver, kidney cortex and cerebrum from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina ) and the adult and newborn dog. activities were similar in the four dog tissues as well as myocardium and brain tissue from both the newborn dog and seal. most of the enzyme activities were markedly lower in kidney cortex and liver of the seal and the newborn dog, suggesting that the organs which are rendered ischemic in the diving seal or asphyxiated newborn ... | 1984 | 6729273 |
| ultrastructural studies on the bleb formation in seal and rat submandibular gland striated ducts. | for the present study seal (phoca vitulina) and rat submandibular gland striated ducts were investigated by electron microscopy. both normal and stimulated animals (starved for 24 h and then fed 2 h before the tissues were removed) were examined. basal invaginations of the cell membrane with areas heavily loaded with mitochondria were typical features of both animals. secretory granules were especially numerous in the apical part of stimulated duct cells. the granules were separated from the lum ... | 1982 | 6950643 |
| myocardial blood flow and metabolism in the diving seal. | the adaptations of myocardial metabolism to diving asphyxia have been studied in 12 harbor seals (phoca vitulina). unanesthetized animals were submerged for periods of 10-16 min. heart rate decreased from 135 to 12 beats/min. myocardial blood flow decreased to an average of 10% of predive values and remained constant during the dive. the progressive reduction in arterial o2 content was associated with an increase in myocardial lactate and hydrogen ion production, but no change in glucose or free ... | 1982 | 7058937 |
| mass mortality of harbor seals: pneumonia associated with influenza a virus. | more than 400 harbor seals, most of them immature, died along the new england coast between december 1979 and october 1980 of acute pneumonia associated with influenza virus, a/seal/mass/1/180 (h7n7). the virus has avian characteristics, replicates principally in mammals, and causes mild respiratory disease in experimentally infected seals. concurrent infection with a previously undescribed mycoplasma or adverse environmental conditions may have triggered the epizootic. the similarities between ... | 1982 | 7063847 |
| masked hearing thresholds of harbour seals (phoca vitulina) in air. | two wild seals, maintained in captivity in good health, were trained to swim on verbal command to a spot 27 cm above the water, and subsequently to make a l or r turn to a pure tone vs no tone. white noise was present at 80, 70, or 60 db spl. masked thresholds were determined by a staircase method in 2-db steps at 2, 4, 8.6, and 15 kc/s (at 15 kc/s only noise at 60 db spl was presented). critical bandwidths in db were calculated, all of the order of 25 db (range of to 28 db). these values are cl ... | 1980 | 7349305 |
| sensitivity of the mystacial vibrissae of harbour seals (phoca vitulina) for size differences of actively touched objects. | we studied the capability of one male and one female harbour seal phoca vitulina to discriminate diameter differences of circular discs by means of active touch with their mystacial vibrissae. to prevent the animals from perceiving visual information, they were blindfolded during trials. in a two-alternative forced-choice procedure, the seals were required to choose the larger of two perspex discs. weber fractions c (the ratio of the lowest diameter difference detected by the seals on 75% of occ ... | 1995 | 7490570 |
| comparative immunological characterization of type-specific and conserved b-cell epitopes of pinniped, felid and canid herpesviruses. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against phocid herpesviruses (phhv 2557/han88 and 7848/han90) isolated from european harbour seals (phoca vitulina), and against strains of both felid (fhv strain fvr 605) and canid herpesviruses (chv isolate 5105/han89). mabs were characterized with respect to certain biological properties and used to outline antigenicity profiles of isolates of phhv (n = 8), fhv (n = 7) and chv (n = 3) in enzyme immunoassays employing fixed infected cells. a c ... | 1994 | 7518225 |
| sealworm (pseudoterranova decipiens) infection in common seals (phoca vitulina) and potential intermediate fish hosts from the outer oslofjord. | infection with pseudoterranova decipiens in 45 common seals (phoca vitulina) from the outer oslofjord was investigated. seals were collected before and during the phocine distemper virus epizootic in 1988 when the seal population in the area was reduced from about 350 to 100. in 1989, cod (gadus morhua) and other fish species were sampled for comparison with earlier investigations on prevalence and abundance of p. decipiens infection in fishes from the outer oslofjord. seventy-two per cent of co ... | 1995 | 7601595 |
| genetic variation in phoca vitulina (the harbour seal) revealed by dna fingerprinting and rapds. | genetic variation in two harbour seal (phoca vitulina) populations from the dutch wadden sea and scotland was examined by rapd analysis and dna fingerprinting. for comparison a population of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) was studied. the rapd method revealed a very low number of polymorphic bands. the multilocus dna fingerprinting technique showed very low levels of variation both within and between populations of the harbour seals. for one probe a significant difference in variation between p ... | 1995 | 7615403 |
| impaired cellular immune response in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) feeding on environmentally contaminated herring. | in a 2.5-year immunotoxicological study, two groups of captive harbour seals (phoca vitulina) were fed herring from the heavily polluted baltic sea or from the relatively uncontaminated atlantic ocean. blood samples were collected at regular intervals, and functional immunological parameters were monitored. t cell mitogen and mixed lymphocyte-induced proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from seals fed baltic herring were significantly reduced over the cou ... | 1995 | 7664495 |
| organochlorine and mercury contamination in united kingdom seals. | in 1988 and 1989 tissue samples were obtained from the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) population found in the dee estuary in the north west of england and from harbour seals (phoca vitulina) from the populations in the wash and north east scotland and analysed for mercury and organochlorine compounds. adult seals from the dee estuary were highly contaminated with mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and one animal from the dee contained traces of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), s ... | 1993 | 7682371 |
| relative immunocompetence of the newborn harbour seal, phoca vitulina. | the immune system of many mammalian species is not fully developed at birth, with newborns obtaining temporary immunological protection from maternal antibodies. little is known of the immune system of the harbour seal, and developmental aspects of its immune system have not been systematically studied. we collected blood and milk samples from nine free-ranging mother-pup pairs throughout the lactation period on sable island, canada, in an effort to characterise developmental aspects of the immu ... | 1994 | 7810064 |
| [simplified identification and differentiation of feline, canine and phocine herpesvirus isolates using monoclonal antibodies]. | infections by alpha-herpesviruses of dogs (canid herpesvirus, chv) and cats (felid herpesvirus, fhv) are widespread in these species and are of significant clinical relevance. immunologically closely related herpesviruses have been isolated from harbour seals (phoca vitulina) showing respiratory disease, hepatitis and/or encephalitis. these isolates are currently referred to as phocid herpesviruses (phhv). the host spectrum of chv and fhv, respectively, appears to be restricted to members of the ... | 1994 | 7855845 |
| the metabolic characteristics of the locomotory muscles of grey seals (halichoerus grypus), harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and antarctic fur seals (arctocephalus gazella). | it is not known precisely how marine mammals are able to maintain muscle function during active swimming in breath-hold dives, when ventilation stops and heart rate falls. examination of muscle biochemistry and histochemistry can provide information on the relative importance of different metabolic pathways, the contractile potential of the muscle fibres, the oxygen storage capacity of the muscle and the capillary distribution in these animals. in this study, samples of locomotory muscle were ta ... | 1994 | 7964404 |
| diseases and environmental contaminants in seals from the baltic and the swedish west coast. | investigations have shown that baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seal (phoca hispida) suffer from a disease complex described as a primary lesion in the adrenals causing secondary reactions in various other organs. studies on historical baltic grey seal skull bone material show that the prevalence of affected animals started to increase after world war ii. the disease complex explains the dramatic decrease in the baltic grey and ringed seal population during the 1960s and 1970s an ... | 1994 | 7973608 |
| descending frequency swept tones have lower thresholds than ascending frequency swept tones for a harbor seal (phoca vitulina) and human listeners. | many seal vocalizations consist of frequency swept tones. the signal detection thresholds of a harbor seal (phoca vitulina) and of human listeners were measured using ascending and descending frequency swept tones at 1/3- and 1-oct bandwidths. the swept tones increased or decreased exponentially and traversed the same frequency range. the sweeps were centered on 2, 4, and 8 khz for the seal study and 0.5, 1, and 2 khz for the human listeners. the bandwidth of the sweep did not affect signal dete ... | 1994 | 7983268 |
| in vitro metabolism of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in relation to ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in liver microsomes of some wildlife species and rat. | a qualitative study was performed of the capacity of hepatic microsomes of several wildlife species to metabolize 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tcb). hepatic microsomes of species environmentally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs): harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena), harbour seal (phoca vitulina), common tern (sterna hirundo), and hepatic microsomes from species experimentally exposed to pcbs: eider duck (somateria mollissima), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), flounder (platichthys f ... | 1994 | 8039554 |
| can sines: a family of trna-derived retroposons specific to the superfamily canoidea. | a repetitive element of approximately 200 bp was cloned from harbour seal (phoca vitulina concolour) genomic dna. the sequence of the element revealed putative rna polymerase iii control boxes, a poly a tail and direct terminal repeats characteristic of sines. sequence and secondary structural similarities suggest that the sine is derived from a trna, possibly trna-alanine. southern blot analysis indicated that the element is predominately dispersed in unique regions of the seal genome, but may ... | 1994 | 8052527 |
| mitogen and antigen induced b and t cell responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the harbour seal (phoca vitulina). | in vitro assays were developed for studies concerning the functioning of the immune system of the harbour seal (phoca vitulina). proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were measured after stimulation with different concentrations of the mitogens concanavalin a (con a), pokeweed mitogen (pwm), phytohaemagglutinin (pha) or lipopolysaccharide from salmonella typhimurium (lps). con a and pwm induced strong proliferative responses, while pha and lps induced comparatively ... | 1993 | 8236799 |
| identification and partial characterization of common seal (phoca vitulina) and grey seal (haliochoerus grypus) interleukin-6-like activities. | interleukin-6 (il-6) is a pleiotropic molecule with many important immune modulatory actions. we have investigated the production of biological activity of this cytokine in two species of european seal. il-6-like activity was detected in supernatants from cultured peripheral blood leucocytes. this il-6-like activity had an apparent molecular weight of 17-26 kda, similar to that of human il-6. il-6-like activity was also detected in plasma taken from seals with symptoms of systemic infection, but ... | 1993 | 8270096 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna molecule of the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, and a comparison with mitochondrial sequences of other true seals. | the sequence of the mtdna of the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, was determined. the length of the molecule was 16,797 base pairs. the organization of the molecule conformed with that of other eutherian mammals but the control region was unusually long due to the presence of two types of repeated motifs. the grey seal and the previously reported harbor seal, phoca vitulina, belong to different but closely related genera of family phocidae, true (or earless) seals. in order to determine the degree ... | 1993 | 8308902 |
| [viral epizootic in the marine seal calf (phoca vitulina) in 1988. epidemiological aspects]. | during the year 1988, an epizootic spread through european populations of harbour seals (phoca vitulina). the first studies shed light on the importance of a new morbillivirus, close to canine distemper virus but different. however, other factors, like pollution by polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) compounds may have played a part in the epizootic by increasing mortality. up to then virology and pathology of wild populations of seals were not well known. this epizootic was an opportunity to learn a ... | 1993 | 8343803 |
| infection studies with canine distemper virus in harbour seals. | infection studies in harbour seal (phoca vitulina) were conducted with the snyder-hill strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) that is virulent for dog and mink. the inoculated seals showed clinical symptoms which were to some degree similar to those observed in cdv infections of sensitive species of carnivores. viral replication in lymphoid cells was followed by an extended period of immunosuppression. the results did not provide conclusive evidence for viral replication in surface epithelia of ... | 1993 | 8347078 |
| morbillivirus antibodies of maternal origin in harbour seal pups. (phoca vitulina). | | 1993 | 8351782 |
| phocine distemper in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from long island, new york. | the first occurrence of phocine distemper (pd) disease in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from the united states is reported. two seals stranded on long island, new york (usa) in february 1992 with clinical signs of respiratory distress, fever, and depression. pneumonia and diffuse pulmonary congestion were the most significant post mortem findings. on histologic examination one seal had a diffuse broncho-interstitial pneumonia with formation of syncytia. the principal lesion in the second animal ... | 1993 | 8355350 |
| fusion protein gene nucleotide sequence similarities, shared antigenic sites and phylogenetic analysis suggest that phocid distemper virus type 2 and canine distemper virus belong to the same virus entity. | nucleotide sequencing of the fusion protein (f) gene of phocid distemper virus-2 (pdv-2), recently isolated from baikal seals (phoca sibirica), revealed an open reading frame (nucleotides 84 to 2075) with two potential in-frame atg translation initiation codons. we suggest that the second in-frame atg triplet at positions 264 to 266 initiates the translation, resulting in a protein of 537 amino acid residues with a calculated m(r) of 63,035. the putative f1/f2 cleavage site, located approximatel ... | 1993 | 8376973 |
| generation of vntrs and heteroplasmy by sequence turnover in the mitochondrial control region of two elephant seal species. | we describe an unusual repetitive dna region located in the 3' end of the light (l)-strand in the mitochondrial control region of two elephant seal species. the array of tandem repeats shows both vntr (variable-number tandem repeat) and sequence variation and is absent from 12 compared mammalian species, except for the occurrence in the same location of a distinct repetitive region in rabbit mtdna and a similar repeat in the harbor seal. the sequence composition and arrangement of the repeats di ... | 1993 | 8411208 |
| mammalian spinal biomechanics. i. static and dynamic mechanical properties of intact intervertebral joints. | four-point bending was used to apply pure extension and flexion moments to the ligamentous lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle of monkey (macaca fascicularis), rabbit (domestic and wild, oryctolagus cuniculus), badger (meles meles), wallaby (wallabia rufogrisea frutica), sheep (ovis aries), seal (phoca vitulina) and tiger (panthera tigris). the absolute ranges of angular change in lumbar-lumbar joints (from x-radiographs) were considerable and similar in monkey and wallaby (greater in flexion) a ... | 1993 | 8440968 |
| histological investigations on the thyroid glands of marine mammals (phoca vitulina, phocoena phocoena) and the possible implications of marine pollution. | in 1988 and 1989, thousands of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) died in the north sea from phocine distemper infection. the morphology of thyroid glands from 40 harbor seals found dead on the north sea coastlines of schleswig-holstein, federal republic of germany, during an epizootic of phocine distemper, was compared with the morphology of thyroid glands from five healthy harbor seals collected in iceland. thyroid glands from seven harbor porpoises (phocoena phocoena) found dead in 1990 on the nor ... | 1993 | 8445768 |
| prevalence of morbilliviruses among pinniped and cetacean species. | since 1987, morbillivirus infections have caused serious disease outbreaks with high mortality among aquatic mammals. baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia were involved in an outbreak caused by a virus closely related to canine distemper virus (cdv) in 1987. harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in north-western europe were struck by a newly recognised morbillivirus of seals (pdv1). a serological survey has indicated that these morbillivirus infections frequently ... | 1993 | 8518442 |
| morbilliviruses and morbillivirus diseases of marine mammals. | in recent years, serious disease outbreaks among seals and dolphins were attributed to infection with established or newly recognized morbilliviruses. the first identification of a morbillivirus as causative agent of mass mortality among marine mammals was in 1988, when the previously unrecognized phocine distemper virus (pdv) caused the death of 20,000 harbor seals (phoca vitulina) in northwestern europe. a similar epizootic among baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia in 1987 was later attri ... | 1995 | 8548190 |
| characterization of phocid herpesvirus-1 and -2 as putative alpha- and gammaherpesviruses of north american and european pinnipeds. | to study the relationships between herpesvirus recently isolated from different pinniped species, antigenic and genetic analyses were performed. first, herpesviruses isolated from north american harbour seals (phoca vitulina), a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus) and a european grey seal (halichoerus grypus) were examined in an enzyme immunoassay (eia) with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which had previously been shown to allow typing of herpesviruses from european harbour seals int ... | 1996 | 8558126 |
| arterial windkessels in marine mammals. | in marine mammals, the aortic arch is enlarged relative to the descending aorta to varying degrees in different species. the ratio of maximal diameter of the arch to that of the thoracic aorta is about 2.3 in the harbour seal (phoca vitulina), 3.6 in the weddell seal (leptonychotes weddelli) and 3.2 in the fin whale (balaenoptera physalus), compared with only 1.4 in the dog. this anatomical specialisation probably provides increased volume capacitance in the arterial circulation as an adaptation ... | 1995 | 8571227 |