| carnivora: the amino-acid sequence of the adult sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) hemoglobins. | the complete amino-acid sequences of the hemoglobins from the adult sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) have been determined on automatic liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. the globin chains were isolated by reverse phase hplc on a column of nucleosil-c4. n-acetylserine was detected by fab-mass spectroscopy as n-terminal aminoacid residue of the beta i chain. comparing the sequences of the globin chains of the tiger with that of human hb-a, 23 substitutions were recognized in the alpha, 29 ... | 1989 | 2713095 |
| chronic gastritis in tigers associated with helicobacter acinonyx. | helicobacter pylori-like organisms (hplos) were isolated from the gastric mucosa of two sumatran tigers and identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis as helicobacter acinonyx. at histological examination, both tigers revealed a chronic gastritis associated with hplos as demonstrated by immunolabelling and electron microscopy. this is the first isolation of h. acinonyx from tigers, in which, as previously reported in cheetahs, it may be a cause of gastritis. | 1998 | 9717128 |
| computer simulations to determine the efficacy of different genome resource banking strategies for maintaining genetic diversity. | genome resource banks (grbs) and assisted reproductive techniques are increasingly recognized as useful tools for the management and conservation of biodiversity, including endangered species. cryotechnology permits long-term storage of valuable genetic material. although, the actual application to endangered species management requires technical knowledge about sperm freezing and thawing, a systematic understanding of the quantitative impacts of various germ plasm storage and use scenarios is a ... | 2002 | 12151267 |
| a non-surgical uterine lavage technique in large cats intended for treatment of uterine infection-induced infertility. | this paper presents the successful use of a non-surgical, transcervical uterine lavage technique for the treatment of uterine infection-induced infertility in three female large cats. we developed a non-surgical uterine lavage technique, which allowed repeated flushing of the uterine lumen and installation of therapeutic antibiotics. the entire procedure was performed under general anaesthesia (duration of anesthesia ranged from 40 to 70 min). it was successfully applied in a sumatran tiger (pan ... | 2006 | 16530816 |
| environmental effects on the behavior of zoo-housed lions and tigers, with a case study of the effects of a visual barrier on pacing. | tigers and lions in the wild are nocturnal nonhuman animals who may hunt and mate opportunistically during daylight hours. in captivity, they spend most time on exhibit sleeping or pacing. to better understand their activity budget, this study examined the daily behavior patterns of 2 sumatran tigers and 3 african lions in different housings. the proportion of scans the large felids spent engaged in stereotypic pacing varied by time of day and environment. the tigers spent different amounts of t ... | 2007 | 17559318 |
| characterization of cauxin in the urine of domestic and big cats. | cauxin is an abundant protein in feline urine. we have used proteomics strategies to characterize cauxin from the urine of domestic cats and a number of big cat species. proteins were resolved by gel-based electrophoretic purification and subjected to in-gel digestion with trypsin. the resultant tryptic peptides were mass-measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. peptides were also resolved by liquid chromatography and analyzed by electrospray ioni ... | 2007 | 17924168 |
| pentobarbital poisoning in sumatran tigers (panthera tigris sumatrae). | three sumatran tigers (panthera tigris sumatrae) at the heidelberg zoo in germany presented with severe neurologic signs. physical examination and diagnostic tests did not reveal a definitive diagnosis. two days after initial presenting signs, all of the animals appeared clinically normal. an investigation into this outbreak revealed that all animals received horse meat on the evening before the incident. a toxicologic examination was initiated and serum analysis of the affected female tiger cub ... | 2007 | 18229865 |
| using pgfm (13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin f2α) as a non-invasive pregnancy marker for felids. | understanding the complex endocrine interactions that control reproduction in felids is essential for captive breeding management. the most important demand is a quick and reliable pregnancy diagnosis. however, the occurrence of pseudopregnancies in felids complicates matters. we investigated whether the fecal prostaglandin metabolite (pgfm) recently suggested for pregnancy diagnosis in the lynx is suitable for all felid species. we found that increased levels of pgfm during the last trimester i ... | 2011 | 22192399 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in captive mammals in three zoos in mexico city, mexico. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in 167 mammals in three zoos in mexico city, mexico, using the modified agglutination test (mat). overall, antibodies to t. gondii were found in 89 (53.3%) of the 167 animals tested. antibodies were found in 35 of 43 wild felidae: 2 of 2 bobcats (lynx rufus); 4 of 4 cougars (puma concolor); 10 of 13 jaguars (panthera onca); 5 of 5 leopards (panthera pardus); 7 of 7 lions (panthera leo); 2 of 3 tigers (panthera tigris); 2 of 3 ocelots (leopardus par ... | 2013 | 24063119 |
| compound mechanism of fatal neck injury: a case report of a tiger attack in a zoo. | fatal injuries caused by attacks by large wild cats are extremely rare in forensic medical practice in europe. there are very few cases described in the forensic medical literature concerning incidents in zoos similar to the tiger attack on a 58-year-old male zoo employee that we present here. while preparing a runway for tigers, the man was attacked by a male sumatran tiger. another zoo employee was an eyewitness to the accident; in his testimony he described the sequence of events in detail. t ... | 2017 | 28579157 |
| panel of polymorphic heterologous microsatellite loci to genotype critically endangered bengal tiger: a pilot study. | in india, six landscapes and source populations that are important for long-term conservation of bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) have been identified. except for a few studies, nothing is known regarding the genetic structure and extent of gene flow among most of the tiger populations across india as the majority of them are small, fragmented and isolated. thus, individual-based relationships are required to understand the species ecology and biology for planning effective conservation an ... | 2014 | 24455462 |
| characteristics and fertility of sumatran tiger spermatozoa cryopreserved with different sugars. | cryopreservation of semen is one of the most important methods for the preservation of endangered tigers. | 2017 | 27925009 |
| congenital vestibular disease in captive sumatran tigers (panthera tigris ssp. sumatrae) in australasia. | the sumatran tiger (panthera tigris ssp. sumatrae) is a critically endangered species in the wild. to ensure that demographic and genetic integrity are maintained in the longer term, those sumatran tigers held in captivity are managed as a global population under a world association of zoos and aquariums global species management plan (gsmp). a retrospective study, including segregation and pedigree analysis, was conducted to investigate potential cases of congenital vestibular disease (cvd) in ... | 2015 | 26403953 |
| selecting representative microsatellite loci for genetic monitoring and analyzing genetic structure of an outbred population of orange tabby cats in china. | we optimized a panel of microsatellite markers from cat and tiger genetic data for efficient genetic monitoring and used it to analyze the genetic structure of an outbred cat stock in china. we selected a set of rich polymorphic microsatellite loci from 131 cat microsatellite loci and 3 sumatran tiger microsatellite loci using agarose gel electrophoresis. next, the set of optimized genetic markers was used to analyze the genetic variation in an outbred population of orange tabby cats in china by ... | 2015 | 25867323 |
| genetic ancestry of the extinct javan and bali tigers. | the bali (panthera tigris balica) and javan (p. t. sondaica) tigers are recognized as distinct tiger subspecies that went extinct in the 1940s and 1980s, respectively. yet their genetic ancestry and taxonomic status remain controversial. following ancient dna procedures, we generated concatenated 1750bp mtdna sequences from 23 museum samples including 11 voucher specimens from java and bali and compared these to diagnostic mtdna sequences from 122 specimens of living tiger subspecies and the ext ... | 2017 | 25754539 |
| percutaneous ureteral stent placement for the treatment of a benign ureteral obstruction in a sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae). | a 15-year-old, 113 kg intact male sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) was evaluated for weight loss, polydipsia, and intermittent hematuria. the tiger was immobilized for diagnostic testing including blood work, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasound. laboratory testing demonstrated macro- and microhematuria, azotemia, and an increased urine protein:creatinine ratio. abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral ureterolithiasis as well as hydronephrosis and ureteral dilation. ultrasonography perf ... | 2016 | 25653150 |
| comparative metabolism of pgfm (13,14-dihydro-15-keto-pgf2α) in feces of felids. | methods for monitoring endocrine activities are useful tools for reproduction management. in particular, captive breeding of endangered felid species is considered to be an important part of the species conservation efforts. within breeding programs, reliable methods for pregnancy diagnosis are highly demanded to prevent peri- and postpartal losses, but pregnancy diagnosis based on gestagen metabolites in felids is hampered by pseudopregnancies. recently, we described fecal pgfm as an indicator ... | 2014 | 24433781 |
| evaluating physiological stress in sumatran tigers (panthera tigris ssp. sumatrae) managed in australian zoos. | glucocorticoid quantification using non-invasive methods provides a powerful tool for assessing the health and welfare of wildlife in zoo-based programmes. in this study, we provide baseline data on faecal-based glucocorticoid (cortisol) monitoring of sumatran tigers (panthera tigris ssp. sumatrae) managed at the melbourne zoo in victoria, australia. we sampled five tigers daily for 60 days. faecal cortisol metabolites (fcms) in tiger faecal extracts were quantified using enzyme immunoassays tha ... | 2014 | 27293659 |
| faecal cortisol metabolites in bengal (panthera tigris tigris) and sumatran tigers (panthera tigris sumatrae). | the tiger (panthera tigris) faces a great risk of extinction as its wild numbers have plummeted due to poaching and habitat destruction so ex-situ conservation programs are becoming ever more necessary. reliable non-invasive biomarkers of the stress hormone (cortisol) are necessary for assessing the health and welfare of tigers in captivity. to our knowledge, non-invasive stress endocrinology methods have not been tested as widely in tigers. the first aim of this study was to describe and valida ... | 2013 | 24140710 |
| mastocytemia associated with a visceral mast cell tumor in a sumatran tiger (panthera tigris). | a 6-yr-old male sumatran tiger (panthera tigris) with no significant past clinical history was anesthetized for clinical examination after 5 days of lethargy. clinically, the animal presented with anorexia, pale mucous membranes, and icterus. hematologic results indicated moderate anemia and severe thrombocytopenia and showed a circulating population of atypical mast cells. the tiger died during anesthesia. on postmortem examination, abdominal hemorrhage associated with marked diffuse hepato-spl ... | 2013 | 23505726 |
| socialization of a single hand-reared tiger cub. | given the drawbacks of hand-rearing nonhuman animals in captivity, the practice is generally avoided, but it is sometimes necessary. a few scientific publications are available to guide managers toward best practices in hand-rearing, but the majority of articles focus on hand-rearing captive primates. less is known about hand-rearing carnivores, but early socialization appears to be critical for adult social behavior. this article documents the successful hand-rearing and reintroduction of a sin ... | 2013 | 23282293 |
| tigers need cover: multi-scale occupancy study of the big cat in sumatran forest and plantation landscapes. | the critically endangered sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae pocock, 1929) is generally known as a forest-dependent animal. with large-scale conversion of forests into plantations, however, it is crucial for restoration efforts to understand to what extent tigers use modified habitats. we investigated tiger-habitat relationships at 2 spatial scales: occupancy across the landscape and habitat use within the home range. across major landcover types in central sumatra, we conducted systematic ... | 2012 | 22292063 |
| population status of a cryptic top predator: an island-wide assessment of tigers in sumatran rainforests. | large carnivores living in tropical rainforests are under immense pressure from the rapid conversion of their habitat. in response, millions of dollars are spent on conserving these species. however, the cost-effectiveness of such investments is poorly understood and this is largely because the requisite population estimates are difficult to achieve at appropriate spatial scales for these secretive species. here, we apply a robust detection/non-detection sampling technique to produce the first r ... | 2011 | 22087218 |
| allocating conservation resources between areas where persistence of a species is uncertain. | research on the allocation of resources to manage threatened species typically assumes that the state of the system is completely observable; for example whether a species is present or not. the majority of this research has converged on modeling problems as markov decision processes (mdp), which give an optimal strategy driven by the current state of the system being managed. however, the presence of threatened species in an area can be uncertain. typically, resource allocation among multiple c ... | 2011 | 21639049 |
| sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae): a review of conservation status. | the majority of wild sumatran tigers are believed to live in 12 tiger conservation landscapes covering approximately 88,000 km(2) . however, the actual distribution of tigers across sumatra has never been accurately mapped. over the past 20 years, conservation efforts focused on the sumatran tigers have increased, but the population continues to decline as a result of several key threats. to identify the status of the sumatran tiger distribution across the island, an island-wide questionnaire su ... | 2010 | 21392349 |
| the influence of agroforestry and other land-use types on the persistence of a sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) population: an individual-based model approach. | the importance of preserving both protected areas and their surrounding landscapes as one of the major conservation strategies for tigers has received attention over recent decades. however, the mechanism of how land-use surrounding protected areas affects the dynamics of tiger populations is poorly understood. we developed panthera population persistence (ppp)--an individual-based model--to investigate the potential mechanism of the sumatran tiger population dynamics in a protected area and und ... | 2011 | 20967444 |
| optimal allocation of conservation effort among subpopulations of a threatened species: how important is patch quality? | money is often a limiting factor in conservation, and attempting to conserve endangered species can be costly. consequently, a framework for optimizing fiscally constrained conservation decisions for a single species is needed. in this paper we find the optimal budget allocation among isolated subpopulations of a threatened species to minimize local extinction probability. we solve the problem using stochastic dynamic programming, derive a useful and simple alternative guideline for allocating f ... | 2010 | 20437964 |
| when to stop managing or surveying cryptic threatened species. | threatened species become increasingly difficult to detect as their populations decline. managers of such cryptic threatened species face several dilemmas: if they are not sure the species is present, should they continue to manage for that species or invest the limited resources in surveying? we find optimal solutions to this problem using a partially observable markov decision process and rules of thumb derived from an analytical approximation. we discover that managing a protected area for a ... | 2008 | 18779594 |
| subpopulation triage: how to allocate conservation effort among populations. | threatened species often exist in a small number of isolated subpopulations. given limitations on conservation spending, managers must choose from strategies that range from managing just one subpopulation and risking all other subpopulations to managing all subpopulations equally and poorly, thereby risking the loss of all subpopulations. we took an economic approach to this problem in an effort to discover a simple rule of thumb for optimally allocating conservation effort among subpopulations ... | 2008 | 18477029 |
| restoration of reproductive potential after expiration or removal of melengestrol acetate contraceptive implants in tigers (panthera tigris). | the need for contraception in the successful management of captive wild animals is becoming increasingly apparent. because concerns exist regarding the reversibility of the contraceptive implant melengestrol acetate (mga), reproductive data for 94 female amur (panthera tigris altaica) and sumatran tigers (panthera tigris sumatrae) were analyzed using survival analyses to evaluate return to reproductive status after implant removal or assumed expiration. females placed in potential breeding situa ... | 2007 | 19360580 |
| anaesthesia of a sumatran tiger on eight occasions with ketamine, medetomidine and isoflurane. | an 18-month-old male sumatran tiger was referred for endoscopy and dilatation of an oesophageal stricture. anaesthesia and bouginage was undertaken on eight occasions 2-3 weeks apart to dilate the oesophageal stricture. | 1999 | 16032083 |
| phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (panthera tigris). | eight traditional subspecies of tiger (panthera tigris),of which three recently became extinct, are commonly recognized on the basis of geographic isolation and morphological characteristics. to investigate the species' evolutionary history and to establish objective methods for subspecies recognition, voucher specimens of blood, skin, hair, and/or skin biopsies from 134 tigers with verified geographic origins or heritage across the whole distribution range were examined for three molecular mark ... | 2004 | 15583716 |
| fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in a sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae). | an adult, captive-born sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) had been ataxic for approximately 3 mo and had been self-mutilating after an acute onset of unilateral paresis and homer's syndrome. histologic lesions in the cervical spinal cord were consistent with fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (fcem), and they included the presence of cartilaginous occlusion of spinal blood vessels. this is the first reported case of fcem in a large felid and specifically a sumatran tiger. | 2004 | 15305522 |
| paresis secondary to an extradural hematoma in a sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae). | a 15-yr-old female sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) was presented to the boren veterinary medical teaching hospital at oklahoma state university with a 3-wk history of progressive hind limb weakness. neurologic evaluation was limited to review of videotape that demonstrated weakness and ataxia with conscious proprioceptive deficits of the tiger's pelvic limbs. spinal radiography demonstrated disc space narrowing, and myelography demonstrated a large extradural compressive lesion at the ... | 2004 | 15305517 |
| preductal aortic coarctation and patent ductus arteriosus in a sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) cub. | preductal aortic coarctation and patent ductus arteriosus are described in a neonatal sumatran tiger, panthera tigris sumatrae. eight days postpartum, the cub appeared weak, and it was separated from the dam for hand rearing. on examination it was dehydrated and hypothermic. despite treatment, the animal's condition worsened and the cub died 12 days postpartum. gross postmortem and histologic examinations revealed a preductal aortic coarctation and patent ductus arteriosus with a patent foramen ... | 2001 | 12790405 |
| validation of the 13c-urea breath test for use in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with helicobacter. | historically, therapeutic monitoring for prescribed eradication treatment of helicobacter in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with associated gastritis has been accomplished only through endoscopic biopsies. the 13c-urea breath test (ubt) can offer an alternative to repeated biopsies for therapeutic monitoring. five male and five female cheetahs and one male sumatran tiger (panthera tigris) were studied. all were clinically healthy before and after this investigation. breath samples of end-tidal expi ... | 2004 | 15305506 |
| restorative dental treatments of abraded canine teeth in a sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae). | a sumatran tiger had developed severely abraded canine teeth by biting on cage-bars. this resulted in weakening and marked sensitivity of the teeth. indications for, techniques of and complications of restorative dental treatments are described. the outcome of different restorative dental treatments indicates that endodontic treatment should be carried out first if the fracture of a weakened tooth is anticipated. to improve retention, the acid-etch technique is preferred in combination with macr ... | 1997 | 9571900 |
| tiger mauling: fatal spinal injury. | a 33 year old zoo keeper was attacked by a sumatran tiger in captivity. apart from severe lacerations and penetrating wounds to the head and neck, the patient sustained comminuted fractures of c1 and c2 vertebrae with resultant high laceration of the spinal cord. major vascular injury as well as trauma to pharynx also occurred. the patient survived these injuries for 15 h. | 1989 | 2735879 |
| inheritance of trunk striping in the sumatran tiger barb, barbus tetrazona. | the sumatran tiger barb, barbus tetrazona, exhibits three truck (pelvic) striping phenotypes: complete, incomplete, and half banded. segregation patterns observed in the progeny from 12 different matings indicate that the inheritance of these phenotypes is controlled by two autosomal gene loci acting additively, with complete dominance at each locus. | 2007 | 4086793 |