| canine distemper virus infection in a masked palm civet (paguma larvata). | a free-living masked palm civet (paguma larvata) died after exhibiting signs of canine distemper (cd). the microscopic lesions consisted of cytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, non-purulent encephalitis accompanied by demyelination and lymphocytic depletion in various lymphoid tissues. cd virus-specific antigens were demonstrated immunohistochemically in intracellular eosinophilic inclusions, which were ultrastructurally confirmed to be viral ... | 1992 | 1291591 |
| the primary structure of the hemoglobin from the aardwolf (proteles cristatus, hyaenidae). | the hemoglobin of the aardwolf (proteles cristatus) contains only one component. in this paper, we are presenting its primary structure. the globin chains were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid and gas-phase edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides. the alpha- as well as the beta-chains show 20 exchanges compared with the corresponding human chains. the difference to the masked palm civet (paguma larvata) and th ... | 1991 | 1910578 |
| carnivora: the primary structure of hemoglobin from the masked palm civet (paguma larvata, viverridae). | the primary structure of the alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin from the masked palm civet (paguma larvata, viverridae) is described. the chains were separated directly from hemoglobin by rp-hplc. after tryptic digestion of the chains, the peptides were separated by rp-hplc. amino acid sequences were determined by edman degradation in liquid and gas-phase sequencers. the alignment of the tryptic peptides was made by homology with human and other carnivora hemoglobins. paguma and human hemoglob ... | 1990 | 2076197 |
| serological evidence of coxiella burnetii infection in wild animals in japan. | one hundred and thirty-four (26%) of 511 sera from 11 wild animal species in eight prefectures in japan had antibody titers to coxiella burnetii by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. high prevalences were observed in japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus) (78%), hokkaido deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) (69%), japanese hares (lepus brachyurus) (63%), japanese deer (cervus nippon centralis) (56%), and to some extent in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) (28%). a low prevalence (13%) was observe ... | 1993 | 8355353 |
| pathology and epidemiology of canine distemper in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides). | from september to december 1991, a large number of free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) died from a highly contagious disease in the vicinity of tokyo. eighteen seriously ill or dead animals were submitted for necropsy. the pathological findings resembled those in a masked palm civet (paguma larvata) found infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) in the same area in late august 1991. the most striking features were pneumonia and gastroenteritis. microscopical lesions consisted ... | 1993 | 8366205 |
| use of protein ag in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening for antibodies against parapoxvirus in wild animals in japan. | using protein ag in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), we tried to detect antibodies against parapoxvirus in 9 species of wild animals in japan: the japanese badger (meles meles anakuma), japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus), japanese deer (cervus nippon centralis), japanese monkey (macaca fuscata), japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), japanese serow (capricornis crispus), japanese wild boar (sus scrofa leucomystax), masked palm civet (paguma larvata ... | 1999 | 10225841 |
| serosurvey for selected virus infections of wild carnivores in taiwan and vietnam. | serum samples from two leopard cats (felis bengalensis) and four formosan gem-faced civets (paguma larvata taivana) in taiwan, september 1995, and nine leopard cats in vietnam, august and december 1997, were examined for the prevalence of antibodies against feline parvovirus, feline herpesvirus type 1, feline calicivirus and feline immunodeficiency virus. all civets and nine of 11 leopard cats were shown to have antibodies against feline parvovirus (fpv), and fpv's were isolated from mononuclear ... | 1999 | 10479095 |
| effect of androgenic stimulation of perineal cells from the masked palm civet (paguma larvatus; viveridae, mammalia) during their growth in diffusion chambers on the dynamics of organotypic colony formation. | | 2003 | 12854407 |
| [severe acute respiratory syndrome: the first transmissible disease of the 21st century]. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is the first severe and easily transmissible disease to emerge in the 21st century. it is caused by the infection with a coronavirus, a single strand rna capsulated virus, recently found in a small mammalian, the masked palm civet. it is likely to represent the source of human infection. the first cases of sars have been reported in the chinese province of guangdong and, since then, probable cases have been reported world wide. the clinical picture is ... | 2003 | 12868234 |
| prevalence of igg antibody to sars-associated coronavirus in animal traders--guangdong province, china, 2003. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was identified in 2003 as an infectious disease caused by the sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov), a member of the coronavirus family not observed previously in humans. because its sequence data differ from that of known human coronaviruses, sars-cov is suspected to have crossed the species barrier between an animal host and humans. the sars outbreak began in china's guangdong province, where approximately 1,500 probable cases were identified during no ... | 2003 | 14561956 |
| notoedric mange in free-ranging masked palm civets (paguma larvata) in japan. | fifty-one masked palm civets (paguma larvata) were trapped as part of a nuisance wildlife control programme between july 2001 and august 2002 in fujisawa city, kanagawa prefecture, japan. eleven civets had characteristic mange lesions with marked alopecia and crusts, caused by the burrowing epidermal mite notoedres cati. the diagnosis was confirmed by histology and examination of mites obtained from skin scrapings of affected civets. histopathology of lesions demonstrated moderate hyperplastic e ... | 2003 | 14678446 |
| karyotypic conservatism in the suborder feliformia (order carnivora). | multidirectional comparative chromosome painting was used to investigate the karyotypic relationships among representative species from three feliformia families of the order carnivora (viverridae, hyaenidae and felidae). complete sets of painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of the domestic dog, american mink, and human were hybridized onto metaphases of the spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta, 2n = 40) and masked palm civet (paguma larvata, 2n = 44). extensive chromosomal conservatio ... | 2005 | 15627756 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (h) gene of canine distemper viruses isolated from wild masked palm civets (paguma larvata). | hemagglutinin (h) gene of two cdv isolates, the haku93 and haku00 strains, from masked palm civets was molecularly analyzed. h genes of both two cdvs contained one open reading frame encoding 607 amino acids. nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of h gene of the cdv haku93 and haku00 revealed high similarity to those of recent field isolates such as the yanaka and tanu96, while they showed limited identity to those of old vaccine strains. potential n-linked glycosylation sites in both h ... | 2004 | 15644610 |
| civets are equally susceptible to experimental infection by two different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolates. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was caused by a novel virus now known as sars coronavirus (sars-cov). the discovery of sars-cov-like viruses in masked palm civets (paguma larvata) raises the possibility that civets play a role in sars-cov transmission. to test the susceptibility of civets to experimental infection by different sars-cov isolates, 10 civets were inoculated with two human isolates of sars-cov, bj01 (with a 29-nucleotide deletion) and gz01 (without the 29-nucleotide deletio ... | 2005 | 15681462 |
| a comparative histological study on the distribution of striated and smooth muscles and glands in the esophagus of wild birds and mammals. | musculature and glands of the esophagus in various wild birds and mammals were examined histologically. cervical and thoracic esophagi of all birds used (mallard, spot-billed duck, ural owl and hodgson's hawk-eagle) were comprised of smooth muscle fibers only. in contrast, esophagi of the nutria, japanese raccoon dog, common raccoon and japanese marten consisted largely of striated muscle fibers. in the masked palm civet, japanese macaque and bottlenose dolphin, esophageal muscle layers consiste ... | 2005 | 15699607 |
| animal coronaviruses: what can they teach us about the severe acute respiratory syndrome? | in 2002, a new coronavirus (cov) emerged in the people's republic of china, associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and mortality in humans. the epidemic rapidly spread throughout the world before being contained in 2003, although sporadic cases occurred thereafter in asia. the virus is thought to be of zoonotic origin from a wild animal reservoir (himalayan palm civets [paguma larvata] are suspected), but the definitive host is unknown. there is concern about possible transmi ... | 2004 | 15702725 |
| development and evaluation of a multitarget real-time taqman reverse transcription-pcr assay for detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus and surveillance for an apparently related coronavirus found in masked palm civets. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is the etiological agent of sars. it is believed that sars-cov originates from wild animals. we have developed a multitarget real-time taqman reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the quantitative detection of sars-cov. the sequences of the taqman probes with a minor groove binder and the corresponding primers were based on the sequences of the n gene, open reading frame (orf) 3, and orf 8. the overall linear range ... | 2005 | 15872219 |
| a review of studies on animal reservoirs of the sars coronavirus. | in this review, we summarize the researches on animal reservoirs of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov). masked palm civets were suspected as the origin of the sars outbreak in 2003 and was confirmed as the direct origin of sars cases with mild symptom in 2004. sequence analysis of the sars-cov-like virus in masked palm civets indicated that they were highly homologous to human sars-cov with nt identity over 99.6%, indicating the virus has not been circulating in the population of masked palm civets ... | 2008 | 17451830 |
| bats, civets and the emergence of sars. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was the first pandemic transmissible disease of previously unknown aetiology in the twenty-first century. early epidemiologic investigations suggested an animal origin for sars-cov. virological and serological studies indicated that masked palm civets ( paguma larvata), together with two other wildlife animals, sampled from a live animal market were infected with sars-cov or a closely related virus. recently, horseshoe bats in the genus rhinolophus have b ... | 2007 | 17848070 |
| pathological changes in masked palm civets experimentally infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus. | masked palm civets are highly susceptible to infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). infected animals become less aggressive and develop pyrexia, lethargy and diarrhoea. the present study describes the spectrum of histopathological changes in the lung, spleen, lymph node, liver, small intestine, kidney and cerebrum of civets infected experimentally with sars-cov. in-situ hybridization (ish) with probes specific for the rna polymerase gene demonstrated viral r ... | 2008 | 18343398 |
| pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in japan. | ten wild masked palm civets infected with canine distemper virus (cdv), captured in japan from 2005 to 2007, were histopathologically and phylogenetically analyzed. phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the h protein of two cdv isolates from masked palm civets revealed that the two isolates were classified into the clade of recent isolates in japan. histopathologically marked lesions of virus encephalitis were present in the brain, whereas gastrointestinal lesions were absen ... | 2009 | 18774607 |
| [isolation and identification of a reovirus from masked civet cats (paguma larvata)]. | 192 samples of masked palm civet (paguma larvata) from guangdong province were inoculated in vero-e6 cells. one sample which came from masked palm civet didn't cause cytopathic effects (cpe) until fourth-passage on vero-e6 cells. infected cells emerged granulating, shrinking, rounding and falling off. after three times freeze-thaw, cells and culture medium were harvested for electron microscopy. virus particles were nonenveloped, double capsid and icosahedral symmetry. this virus was designated ... | 2008 | 19035327 |
| the liang bua faunal remains: a 95k.yr. sequence from flores, east indonesia. | excavations at liang bua, a limestone cave on the island of flores, east indonesia, have yielded a well-dated archaeological and faunal sequence spanning the last 95k.yr., major climatic fluctuations, and two human species -h. floresiensis from 95 to 17k.yr.(1), and modern humans from 11k.yr. to the present. the faunal assemblage comprises well-preserved mammal, bird, reptile and mollusc remains, including examples of island gigantism in small mammals and the dwarfing of large taxa. together wit ... | 2009 | 19058833 |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) from raccoon dog can serve as an efficient receptor for the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | raccoon dog is one of the suspected intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). in this study, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) gene of raccoon dog (rdace2) was cloned and sequenced. the amino acid sequence of rdace2 has identities of 99.3, 89.2, 83.9 and 80.4 % to ace2 proteins from dog, masked palm civet (pcace2), human (huace2) and bat, respectively. there are six amino acid changes in rdace2 compared with huace2, and four changes compared with pc ... | 2009 | 19625462 |
| recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission. | over the past 30 years, several cross-species transmission events, as well as changes in virus tropism, have mediated significant animal and human diseases. most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), a lower respiratory tract disease of humans that was first reported in late 2002 in guangdong province, china. the disease, which quickly spread worldwide over a period of 4 months spanning late 2002 and early 2003, infected over 8,000 individuals and killed nearly 800 before it was s ... | 2010 | 19906932 |
| origins and founder effects on the japanese masked palm civet paguma larvata (viverridae, carnivora), revealed from a comparison with its molecular phylogeography in taiwan. | the source areas of the japanese populations of the masked palm civet paguma larvata (viverridae, carnivora), an alien species in japan, have not been identified. in the present study, to reveal their origins and genetic features, we determined the full mitochondrial dna cytochrome b sequences (1,140 base-pairs) of a total of 206 individuals of p. larvata from the honshu and shikoku islands of japan (186 animals) and taiwan (20 animals), and investigated their molecular phylogeography and the ge ... | 2010 | 20528157 |
| molecular characterization of rotaviruses in a japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and a masked palm civet (paguma larvata) in japan. | group a rotaviruses infect and cause diarrhea in humans and a wide range of mammals. previous studies have suggested that some strains can cross the species barrier to infect humans (martella et al., 2010). however, there are few reports on infection and characterization of rotaviruses in wild animals. to estimate what types of rotaviruses infect wild animals, we investigated infection of rotaviruses in wild animals living in urban areas in japan between 2003 and 2008. of 145 fecal specimens obt ... | 2010 | 20605380 |
| seed dispersal in hong kong, china: past, present and possible futures. | in the present article, published and unpublished information regarding seed dispersal in the degraded landscape of hong kong, china, is reviewed. information was available for 1681 native plant species, of which 1165 were assigned to probable seed dispersal modes. endozoochory accounted for one-third (34.4%) of all species evaluated, half (54.4%) of those from forests, and more than two-thirds (69.2%) of all trees and tall shrubs. wind dispersal (25.9%) and dispersal by an unknown agent (30.7%) ... | 2011 | 21645275 |
| molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of trichinella isolates from different provinces in mainland china. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing are useful for species identification of trichinella spp., especially when their morphological characteristics useful for identifying taxa are lacking. in the present study, nine trichinella isolates from different provinces in mainland china were identified by the pcr-based method using the 5s ribosomal dna intergene spacer region (5s isr) and the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal dna genes as molecular markers. the results indicated that eight ... | 2011 | 21773771 |
| Prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter spp. in Feral Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan. | To estimate the public and animal health risk that alien species pose, the prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor, nÔÇâ=ÔÇâ459) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata, nÔÇâ=ÔÇâ153), which are abundant alien species in Japan, was investigated in urban and suburban areas of Japan. Salmonella enterica was detected from 29 samples [26 raccoons, 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8-3.5%; three masked palm civets, 2.0%, 95% CI 4.2-0%]. Many of the ... | 2011 | 21824337 |
| serosurveillance for francisella tularensis among wild animals in japan using a newly developed competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | tularemia, a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by francisella tularensis, occurs sporadically in japan. however, little is known about the prevalence of the disease in wild animals. a total of 632 samples obtained from 150 japanese black bears, 142 japanese hares, 120 small rodents, 97 rats, 53 raptors, 26 japanese monkeys, 21 japanese raccoon dogs, 20 masked palm civets, and three japanese red foxes between 2002 and 2010 were investigated for the presence of antibodies to f. tularensis ... | 2014 | 24689989 |
| small indian mongooses and masked palm civets serve as new reservoirs of bartonella henselae and potential sources of infection for humans. | the prevalence and genetic properties of bartonella species were investigated in small indian mongooses and masked palm civets in japan. bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (csd) was isolated from 15.9% (10/63) of the mongooses and 2.0% (1/50) of the masked palm civets, respectively. the bacteraemic level ranged from 3.0 × 10(1) to 8.9 × 10(3) cfu/ml in mongooses and was 7.0 × 10(3) cfu/ml in the masked palm civet. multispacer typing (mst) analysis based on nine inter ... | 2013 | 23433322 |
| pathologic and molecular virologic characterization of a canine distemper outbreak in farmed civets. | in october 2011, a fatal disease outbreak occurred in 3 civet species farmed for their use in the coffee industry in thailand. the disease quickly killed 20 animals in a mixed population of asian palm civets (paradoxurus hermaphroditus; n = 18), a masked palm civet (paguma larvata; n = 1), and small indian civet (viverricula indica; n = 1). clinical signs consisted of severe lethargy, weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea with associated dehydration, dyspnea, nasal and footpad hyperkeratosis, and sei ... | 2015 | 25253065 |
| simple and specific method for detection of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in mammalian species. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e, a food- and water-borne disease. in developed countries, consumption of meats from pigs, wild boars and deer is a major source of infection. although hev and hev-related viruses have been detected in many animal species, their zoonotic potential and prevalence has not been completely understood. to detect anti-hev antibody in mammalian species, a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was established using extract from cell ... | 2016 | 27732880 |
| isolation and pathogenicity of the mammalian orthoreovirus mpc/04 from masked civet cats. | mammalian reoviruses (mrvs) are associated with pulmonary infections and have been isolated from humans and various animals experiencing respiratory illness. we report here the first case of an mrv detected in the masked palm civet, which showed the highest similarity to the serotype 3 mrv. reovirus particles were identified by electron microscopic examination of both negative-stain and thin-section. genomic pattern analysis on sds-page showed that mpc/04 had 10-segmented double-strand rna genom ... | 2015 | 26325682 |
| seroprevalence and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in masked palm civet (paguma larvata) in hainan province, tropical china. | in the present study, the seroprevalence, risk factors and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii in masked palm civet were investigated in tropical china. a total of 500 serum were collected from five administrative farms in tropical china, and assayed for t. gondii antibodies by modified agglutination test (mat). the brain samples of 20 aborted fetuses were examined by semi-nested-pcr, and positive aborted fetuses (50%) were necropsied to collect the brain tissue for molecular and bioassay examinatio ... | 2016 | 27311389 |
| spatial co-occurrence and activity patterns of mesocarnivores in the temperate forests of southwest china. | understanding the interactions between species and their coexistence mechanisms will help explain biodiversity maintenance and enable managers to make sound conservation decisions. mesocarnivores are abundant and diverse mid-sized carnivores and can have profound impacts on the function, structure and dynamics of ecosystem after the extirpation of apex predators in many ecosystems. the moist temperate forests of southwest china harbor a diverse community of mesocarnivores in the absence of apex ... | 2016 | 27723772 |
| the use of camera traps to identify the set of scavengers preying on the carcass of a golden snub-nosed monkey (rhinopithecus roxellana). | there exists very limited information on the set of scavengers that feed on the carcasses of wild primates. here, we describe, based on information collected using a remote camera trap, carnivores consuming/scavenging the carcass of a wild golden snub-nosed monkey (rhinopithecus roxellana) in the laohegou nature reserve, sichuan, china. during a 3 month behavioral and ecology study of a band of golden snub-nosed monkeys (march through may 2013), we encountered the carcass of an adult male (male ... | 2014 | 24498311 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the masked palm civet (paguma larvata, mammalia, carnivora). | the complete mitochondrial genome of the masked palm civet (paguma larvata, mammalia, carnivora) is a circular molecule of 16 710 bp in length, containing 22 transfer rna genes, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal rna genes, and a control region. the features of the mitochondrial genome of the masked palm civet are similar to the other mammals. the phylogenetic analysis shows that all species from the family viverridae cluster together, in which p. larvata exhibits the closest relationship wi ... | 2016 | 26403137 |
| tracing the sars-coronavirus. | four coronaviruses (hcov-229e, hcov-oc43, hcov-nl63, hcov-hku1) are endemic in humans and mainly associated with mild respiratory illnesses; whereas the other two coronaviruses [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov)] present as emerging infections causing severe respiratory syndrome. coronaviruses evolve by accumulation of point mutations and recombination of genomes among different strains or species. mammalian coron ... | 2013 | 23977431 |
| blocking the pi3k/akt pathway enhances mammalian reovirus replication by repressing ifn-stimulated genes. | many host cellular signaling pathways were activated and exploited by virus infection for more efficient replication. the pi3k/akt pathway has recently attracted considerable interest due to its role in regulating virus replication. this study demonstrated for the first time that the mammalian reovirus strains masked palm civet/china/2004 (mpc/04) and bat/china/2003 (b/03) can induce transient activation of the pi3k/akt pathway early in infection in vitro. when uv-treated, both viruses activated ... | 2015 | 26388843 |
| pi3k/akt/p53 pathway inhibits reovirus infection. | viral infections activate many host signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt pathway, which has recently attracted considerable interest due to its central role in modulating virus replication. this study demonstrated that the sero-type 3 reovirus strain masked palm civet/china/2004 (mpc/04) could transiently activate the pi3k/akt pathway in a549 cells at earlier time points of infection. the blockage of pi3k/akt activation increased viral rna synthesis and yiel ... | 2015 | 26066464 |
| antibody detection, isolation, genotyping, and virulence of toxoplasma gondii in captive felids from china. | the felids are the only definitive hosts of toxoplasma gondii, which could excrete oocysts into the environment and provide an infection source for toxoplasmosis in various warm-blooded animal species, particularly the captive felids that live close to human communities. the infection rate of the captive felids is a perfect standard in detecting the presence of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in the environment. in this study, sera or tissue samples from zoo (1 young tiger, 2 adult tigers, 6 young lio ... | 2017 | 28791002 |
| species-specific differences in the accumulation features of organohalogen contaminants and their metabolites in the blood of japanese terrestrial mammals. | residue levels and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), their hydroxylated metabolites (oh-pcbs, oh-pbdes), and methoxylated pbdes (meo-pbdes) in the blood of various terrestrial mammals in japan, including cats, raccoon dogs, dogs, masked palm civets, foxes, raccoons, badgers, and mongooses were determined. tri- through penta-chlorinated oh-pcbs were predominant in cat blood, whereas hexa- through octa-chlorinated oh-pcbs were found in other spec ... | 2013 | 23246744 |
| epidemiology of sarcoptic mange in free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in yokohama, japan. | free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) from nogeyama zoological gardens, kanazawa zoological gardens, and yokohama zoological gardens frequently rescued dogs having sarcoptes scabiei infestation. however, the epidemiology of s. scabiei infestation has not yet been elucidated. in the present study, we investigated the epidemiology of s. scabiei infestation in raccoon dogs and its influence on the population of masked palm civets in yokohama, japan. we examined records of raccoon dog ... | 2013 | 22902260 |
| seed handling by primary frugivores differentially influence post-dispersal seed removal of chinese yew by ground-dwelling animals. | seed handling by primary frugivores can influence secondary dispersal and/or predation of post-dispersal seeds by attracting different guilds of ground-dwelling animals. many studies have focused on seeds embedded in feces of mammals or birds; however, less is known about how ground-dwelling animals treat seeds regurgitated by birds (without pulp and not embedded in feces). to compare the effect of differential seed handling by primary dispersers on secondary seed removal of chinese yew (taxus c ... | 2016 | 26846724 |
| mite infection in a masked palm civet (paguma larvata) treated by selamectin (stronghold®, pfizer ltd.). | the masked palm civet (paguma larvata) is a small asian mammal (order carnivora, family viverridae) uncommon in italy. limited information is available about management and sanitary maintenance in captivity. a 4-mo-old masked palm civet presented with pruritus, itch, scratching, and disorexia. on physical examination, alopecia and crusts were detected on the ventral and lateral trunk, tail, legs, and lips. skin scrapings and cytology revealed notoedres spp. and bacterial infection. on histopatho ... | 2015 | 26352967 |
| utility of hair shafts from study skins for mitochondrial dna analysis. | the condition of mtdna in hair shafts preserved in a museum was examined using 30 study skins of masked palm civets, paguma larvata (viverridae), collected between 1924 and 2011. comparisons of extracts from fresh and burnt alum-fixed hair shafts showed that burnt alum, which is commonly used in taxidermy, had no harmful effect on the amount of total dna and lengths of the mtdna fragments. burnt alum-fixed hair shafts had a tendency to develop a small degree of melanin hindering pcr amplificatio ... | 2013 | 24301912 |
| estimated months of parturition and litter size in female masked palm civets (paguma larvata) in kanagawa prefecture and tokyo metropolis. | reproduction of the masked palm civet (paguma larvata) has not been well investigated in japan. we examined 361 female masked palm civets harvested as nuisance animals between april 2007 and march 2009 in kanagawa prefecture and tokyo metropolis. pregnant animals and placental scars-bearing animals were found only in 12 months old and over. in these animals, the observed rate of pregnant animals was 13.7% (29/212) and that of placental scar-bearing animals was 29.2% (62/212). the number of fetus ... | 2011 | 20877151 |
| isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the masked palm civet (paguma larvata). | the masked palm civet (paguma larvata) has been suspected to be the host of a sars-like cov virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans. in china, the palm civet lives wild and is farmed, but even though the species is a potential carrier of the virus, its geographic distribution and genetic diversity have never been studied. we report the isolation and characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite markers for p. larvata. to characterize each locus, two farmed masked palm ... | 2008 | 18327669 |
| ovarian cycle of the captive formosan gem-faced civets (paguma larvata taivana). | formosan gem-faced civets are classified to be endemic sub-species of paguma larvata in taiwan. little about their reproductive physiology has been reported. this study was designed to characterize the ovarian activity throughout the year and define ovarian cycle length and the lengths of its component phases. serum samples were collected for enzyme immunoassay (progesterone and estradiol) from seven captive civets twice weekly for 1 year. meanwhile, periodic changes in external genitalia (vulva ... | 2007 | 19360557 |
| the bronchial tree, lobular division and blood vessels of the masked palm civet (paguma larvata) lung. | the right lung of the masked palm civet (paguma larvata) consists of the cranial, middle, caudal and accessory lobes. the left lung has no cranial and accessory lobes and has a bilobed middle and caudal lobes. on either side, there are four bronchiole systems, i.e. dorsal, lateral, ventral and medial. the right cranial lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the dorsal bronchiole system. however, this bronchiole arises from the right lateral side of the trachea, the so-called tracheal bronchus ... | 1993 | 8357915 |
| detection of a novel tick-borne flavivirus and its serological surveillance. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), a flavivirus that causes severe neurological symptoms in humans, has been found in hokkaido, japan. in the present study, we detected sequences from a novel tick-borne flavivirus, designated yamaguchi virus (ygv), in liver and serum samples obtained from a wild boar in the yamaguchi prefecture, japan. phylogenetic analysis revealed that ygv belongs to the tbev complex and is closely related to langat virus (lgtv). ygv was also detected by specific rt-pcr fro ... | 2019 | 30902589 |
| isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of nontuberculous mycobacteria from wildlife in japan. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals and are transmitted among the environment, wildlife, livestock, and humans. the aim of this study was to investigate the rate of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of ntm in wildlife. in total, 178 samples of feces (n=131) and tissues (n=47) were collected from 11 wildlife species in gifu prefecture and mie prefecture, japan, between june 2016 and october 2018. we isolated ntm from 15.3% (20/131) of fecal ... | 2020 | 32402237 |
| molecular characterization and zoonotic potential of enterocytozoon bieneusi, giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium sp. in farmed masked palm civets (paguma larvata) in southern china. | masked palm civets are known to play an important role in the transmission of some zoonotic pathogens. however, the distribution and zoonotic potential of enterocytozoon bieneusi, giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in these animals remain unclear. | 2020 | 32771043 |
| phylogenetic relationships of strongyloides species in carnivore hosts. | strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic nematode and a major pathogen responsible for human strongyloidiasis. the presence of this species in the dog population has led to an interest in studying the phylogenetic relationships among strongyloides spp. in carnivore hosts. in the present study, strongyloides spp. from various carnivore hosts (raccoon, japanese badger, siberian weasel, raccoon dog, masked palm civet, and domestic cat) were sought. except for civets, strongyloides spp. were identif ... | 2020 | 32502520 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2): an update. | coronaviruses (covs) belong to the family of coronaviridae, the order nidovirales, and the genus coronavirus. they are the largest group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. morphologically, covs are enveloped viruses containing a non-segmented positive-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) viruses. covs are categorized into four important genera that include alphacoronavirus, betacoronavirus, gammacoronavirus, and deltacoronavirus. a novel member of human cov ... | 2020 | 32337143 |
| blood lead and zinc levels and their impact on health of free-living small carnivores in taiwan, republic of china. | lead and zinc are recognized as the most widespread trace metals in nature and can, at high levels, compromise the health of wildlife and their habitat. because of their position in a higher trophic level, wild carnivores can be valuable biological indicator species of trace-metal contamination in the environment. we assessed blood lead and zinc concentrations of four small carnivore species native to taiwan, the small indian civet (viverricula indica), the masked palm civet (paguma larvata), th ... | 2020 | 31532734 |
| impact of sympatric carnivores on den selection of wild giant pandas. | interspecific killing is a primary reason for the low survival rates of some animal species. the giant panda ( ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an altricial eutherian mammal and thus, in comparison to other infants, panda cubs are highly vulnerable, which may significantly influence the selection of breeding sites by females. here, we used infrared camera traps to monitor giant panda dens for 5.5 years in foping national nature reserve (fnnr) to determine how interspecific factors affect den selection ... | 2020 | 32279465 |
| 16s rrna gene amplicon sequence data from feces of five species of wild animals in japan. | we report 16s rrna amplicon sequence data from feces from 58 wild boars, 60 feral raccoons, 9 wild japanese badgers, 21 wild masked palm civets, and 8 wild raccoon dogs in japan. the predominant bacterial taxa in the fecal microbiota were similar in part but varied among the animal species. | 2020 | 32467273 |
| genetic evolution analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus and coronavirus from other species. | the corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a public health emergency of international concern. however, so far, there are still controversies about the source of the virus and its intermediate host. here, we found the novel coronavirus was closely related to coronaviruses derived from five wild animals, including paguma larvata, paradoxurus hermaphroditus, civet, aselliscus stoliczkanus and rhinolophus sinicus, and was in th ... | 2020 | 32169673 |
| characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome of the monotypic genus arctictis (family: viverridae) and its phylogenetic implications. | the binturong (arctictis binturong) is classified as a member of the subfamily paradoxurinae within the family viverridae (carnivora: mammalia) and comprises nine subspecies spread across southern and southeast asia. here, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome of the indian subspecies a. b. albifrons using next-generation sequencing methods. the total length of the a. b. albifrons mitogenome was 16,642 bp. phylogenetic analyses based on 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes placed the bi ... | 2019 | 31788354 |
| malignant rhabdoid tumor of the musk gland and systemic t-cell lymphoma in a masked palm civet (paguma larvata). | a 21-year-old male masked palm civet died after 2 months of continuous abdominal distention and poor appetite. grossly, both musk glands were markedly swelled. microscopically, round, polygonal and spindle neoplastic cells proliferated diffusely in the right musk gland and a metastatic focus was observed in the lung. the neoplastic cells had abundant cytoplasm with faintly eosinophilic inclusions that ultrastructurally corresponded to whorl aggregates of intermediate filaments. immunohistochemic ... | 2019 | 31092741 |
| identification and full-genome characterization of novel circoviruses in masked palm civets (paguma larvata). | the family circoviridae comprises a large group of small, circular, single-stranded dna viruses and is classified into two genera: circovirus and cyclovirus. they have marked genetic diversity and a broad host range. in this study, three novel circovirus genomes were identified from wild-caught masked palm civets (paguma larvata) in japan and classified as a new species within the genus circovirus based on the demarcation criteria of the international committee on the taxonomy of viruses. of not ... | 2018 | 30296458 |
| identification and whole genome characterization of novel anelloviruses in masked palm civets (paguma larvata): segregation into four distinct clades. | the members of the family anelloviridae are small and single-stranded dna viruses with marked diversity in sequence and length, which ubiquitously infect many vertebrates, including mammals, birds and reptiles. the anelloviruses isolated from mammals are currently classified into 11 assigned and four proposed genera; some anelloviruses remain unassigned. the present study was conducted to identify anelloviruses in wild-caught masked palm civets (paguma larvata) in japan using a rolling-circle am ... | 2018 | 30149046 |
| spatial organization and activity patterns of the masked palm civet (paguma larvata) in central-south china. | movement and activity patterns are important components of life history, being central to resource acquisition and defense, mating behavior, and individual survival and fitness. here, we present results from the 1st systematic radiotracking study of the masked palm civet (paguma larvata), a widespread viverrid found in subtropical and tropical forests of asia. from june 2004 to november 2007, we radiotracked 12 masked palm civets (5 males and 7 females) in central-south china. mean individual ho ... | 2014 | 32287381 |
| low genetic diversity in the masked palm civet paguma larvata (viverridae). | the masked palm civet is distributed through south-east asia, china and the himalayas. because of its potential role in the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) epidemic, it has become important to gather information on this species, and notably to provide a tool to determine the origin of farm and market animals. for this purpose, we studied the genetic variability and the phylogeographic pattern of the masked palm civet paguma larvata. first, two portions of mitochondrial genes, cytochrome ... | 2009 | 32336891 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections in pregnancy - an overview. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections, like most other viruses that affect the respiratory tract can cause severe maternal illness and adverse pregnancy outcomes. they are not only highly transmissible (acquired through droplets), but host reservoirs such as dromedary camels for mers-cov and masked palm civet for sars-cov-1 are critical links in the onset of outbreaks. clinically they present with flu-lik ... | 2021 | 34218204 |
| covid-19, your pet and other animals: are you at risk? | despite fast-tracked research, the precise origin, transmission and evolution of covid-19 are still unknown. while the bat genus rhinolophus is likely the primary source of the zoonotic-origin pathogen sars-cov-2 that causes covid-19, its transmission route into the human population is still being studied.[1,2] coronaviruses (cov) affect humans and various animal species. bats were the original hosts of the cov that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory ... | 2020 | 33295324 |
| molecular characteristics of carnivore protoparvovirus 1 with high sequence similarity between wild and domestic carnivores in taiwan. | carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cppv-1) is a dna virus causing gastrointestinal disease and immunosuppression in various terrestrial carnivores. domestic dogs and cats are considered the primary cppv-1 reservoirs. the habitat overlap of wild carnivores and free-roaming dogs increases the threat of cppv-1 transmission between them. this study explored the cppv-1 distribution among wild carnivores in taiwan through pcr screening and compared the partial capsid protein (vp2) gene sequences from wild a ... | 2021 | 34072499 |