| attempted experimental cross infections with mammalian guinea-worms, dracunculus spp. (nematoda: dracunculoidea). | dracunculus medinensis and d. insignis are morphologically indistinguishable. experiments to test the susceptibility of various mammalian hosts to these two guinea worm species are described. infective 3rd-stage larvae of d. medinensis were administered to each of four raccons (procyon lotor): infective 3rd-stage larvae of d. insignis were administered to a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), two dogs, two ferrets (mustela putorius furo), and a marten (martes americana). d. medinensis was not found ... | 1976 | 134642 |
| helminth parasitism in martens (martes americana) and ermines (mustela erminea) from washington, with comments on the distribution of trichinella spiralis. | helminths are reported for the first time from ermines (mustela erminea) and martens (martes americana) in washington (usa). among 22 adult ermines, 41% were infected by one or more of five species (taenia mustelae, alaria mustelae, molineus patens, m. mustelae and trichinella spiralis). among 78 adult martens from three geographic localities, the prevalence was 83%. nine species were identified (mesocestoides sp., t. mustelae and t. martis americana, euryhelmis squamula, m. patens, baylisascari ... | 1990 | 2250320 |
| sarcocystis sp. in mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington: prevalence and search for the definitive host. | during october and november 1986, sarcocystis sp. was detected in 24 of 56 (43%) tongues from hunter-killed mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington (usa). sarcocysts had an unusual sessile polyp-shaped branched wall. mean size of 154 sarcocysts was 71.3 x 37.8 microns (range, 20 to 248 x 10 to 120 microns), and the mean intensity was 2.3 (range, 1 to 28). in an attempt to identify the definitive host, infected tongues were fed to four coyotes (canis latrans), eight domestic dogs, four ... | 1989 | 2509738 |
| a simplified model for bivariate complex allometry. | a three-parameter relationship passing through the origin can be derived from the gompertz growth curve and provide a simplified but useful description of complex allometry, where variates are not proportional to powers of each other as in simple allometry. partial linearization is often satisfactory and, after a double logarithmic transformation, the allometric relationship is non-linear only with respect to an exponent of complex allometry, d, which reflects the presence (e # 1) or absence (d ... | 1989 | 2615392 |
| helminth parasites of pine marten, martes americana (turton), from manitoba, canada. | five species of helminths were recovered during a survey of 139 north american pine marten (martes americana) from three areas of manitoba: alaria taxideae in 75 marten; taenia sp. (cf. martis martis) in 16; taenia mustelae in nine; baylisascaris devosi in one; trichinella sp. larvae in one. taenia mustelae and taenia sp. (cf. martis martis) were found in two different areas of the province, taenia sp. (cf. martis martis) being isolated from the more northerly regions. alaria taxideae, the most ... | 1983 | 6842730 |
| nongastrointestinal helminths in marten (martes americana) from ontario, canada. | six species of nongastrointestinal nematodes were recovered from 405 marten, (martes americana), examined from six areas in ontario, canada in 1992 to 1993. three species (crenosoma petrowi, eucoleus aerophilus, filaroides martis) were found in the respiratory tract, one in the urinary bladder (pearsonema plica), one in the kidney (dioctophyme renale), and one in the musculature (trichinella sp. larvae). this is the first report of f. martis and p. plica from this host. in addition a specimen of ... | 1995 | 8592385 |
| contaminant residue levels in arctic wolves (canis lupus) from the yukon territory, canada. | kidney, liver and bone samples were taken from 19 wolves (canis lupus) collected from two locations in the yukon territory. liver samples pooled by age and sex were analyzed for 22 organochlorine pesticides and 101 pcb congeners. individual kidney and liver samples were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, total mercury, selenium and zinc. thirteen individual bone samples were analyzed for lead. while most organochlorines were not present at detectable levels in wolf liver, some chlorobe ... | 1999 | 10635602 |
| american marten (martes americana) in the pacific northwest: population differentiation across a landscape fragmented in time and space. | american marten (martes americana) have a close association with mature temperate forests, a habitat that expanded throughout the pacific northwest as glaciers receded at the end of the pleistocene. similar to several other forest-associated mammals in north america (e.g. black bear), genetic analysis of the marten shows a deep phylogeographical subdivision that reflects populations with distinctive evolutionary histories. using a suite of 14 microsatellite markers, we explored the genetic struc ... | 2003 | 12492880 |
| bilateral symmetry and asymmetry in limb bones of martes americana and man. | | 1963 | 14139805 |
| prevalence of soboliphyme baturini in marten (martes americana) populations from three regions of alaska, 1990-1998. | marten (martes americana) carcasses were collected from trappers in three regions of alaska. stomachs were examined for the nematode parasite soboliphyme baturini. both prevalence and intensity of infection exhibited an increase from north to south. prevalence was higher in adults (compared with juveniles) from the two mainland study areas. prevalences in these two age classes were similar for the southeastern region. there were no sex-specific differences in prevalence. no pathologic changes we ... | 2004 | 15465712 |
| a survey of trichinella spiralis in wild carnivores in southwestern quebec. | in 1982-1983, 144 muscle samples from 11 different species of wild carnivores from southwestern quebec, canada, were examined for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae, using direct microscopic examination and the peptic digestion method. two red foxes (vulpes vulpes) (out of 29) and one pine marten (martes americana) (out of 56) were found positive, giving a 2.1% prevalence for the whole sample. | 1985 | 17422546 |
| interacting effects of climate change, landscape conversion, and harvest on carnivore populations at the range margin: marten and lynx in the northern appalachians. | assessing the effects of climate change on threatened species requires moving beyond simple bioclimatic models to models that incorporate interactions among climatic trends, landscape change, environmental stochasticity, and species life history. populations of marten (martes americana) and lynx (lynx canadensis) in southeastern canada and the northeastern united states represent peninsular extensions of boreal ranges and illustrate the potential impact of these threats on semi-isolated populati ... | 2007 | 17650258 |
| geographic and host range of the nematode soboliphyme baturini across beringia. | the nematode soboliphyme baturini petrov, 1930, was found to represent a single species with a relatively broad geographic range across beringia and northwestern north america on the basis of the assessment of molecular sequence data for adult and juvenile parasites. refuted are hypotheses suggesting that several cryptic species could be partitioned either among an array of mustelid definitive hosts or across the vast region that links north america and eurasia. host specificity for this species ... | 2007 | 18163341 |
| soboliphyme baturini infection does not affect the nutritional condition of american marten (martes americana) in alaska. | soboliphyme baturini, a stomach-dwelling nematode of american martens (martes americana), reaches high levels of infection; however, its effects on the nutritional condition of the host are unknown. to understand the effects of this parasite on american martens, we collected s. baturini and measured abdominal fat deposits from 155 marten carcasses on prince of wales island, southeastern alaska, in the winter 2006-2007. we analyzed how the dried mass of abdominal fat varied as a function of s. ba ... | 2008 | 18576861 |
| habitat-mediated variation in predation risk by the american marten. | the probability of prey encounter, attack, capture, and kill are often hypothesized to depend on habitat structure, but field evidence in terrestrial systems is rare. we tested whether predation efficiency by the american marten (martes americana) and fear of predation by their primary prey, the red-backed vole (clethrionomys gapperi), differed between 20- to 50-year-old regenerating forest stands and older uncut stands. our results showed that the frequency of prey encounter, prey attack, and p ... | 2008 | 18724737 |
| an analytical platform for cumulative impact assessment based on multiple futures: the impact of petroleum drilling and forest harvesting on moose (alces alces) and marten (martes americana) habitats in northeastern british columbia. | the combined influence on the environment of all projects occurring in a single area is evaluated through cumulative impact assessments (cia), which consider the consequences of multiple projects, each insignificant on its own, yet important when evaluated collectively. traditionally, future human activities are included in cia using an analytical platform, commonly based on complex models that supply precise predictions but with reduced accuracy. to compensate for the lack of accuracy in curren ... | 2011 | 21396768 |
| new records of ticks (acari: ixodidae) from dogs, cats, humans, and some wild vertebrates in alaska: invasion potential. | during 2010-2016, tick specimens were solicited from veterinarians, biologists, and members of the public in alaska. eight species of ticks were recorded from domestic dogs. some ticks were collected from dogs with recent travel histories to other countries or other u.s. states, which appears to explain records of ticks not native to alaska such as amblyomma americanum (l.) (lone star tick), ixodes scapularis (say) (blacklegged tick), and ixodes ricinus (l.). however, we recorded dermacentor var ... | 2016 | 27524823 |
| data from camera surveys identifying co-occurrence and occupancy linkages between fishers (pekania pennanti), rodent prey, mesocarnivores, and larger predators in mixed-conifer forests. | these data provide additional information relevant to the frequency of fisher detections by camera traps, and single-season occupancy and local persistence of fishers in small patches of forest habitats detailed elsewhere, "landscape fuel reduction, forest fire, and biophysical linkages to local habitat use and local persistence of fishers (pekania pennanti) in sierra nevada mixed-conifer forests" [10]. the data provides insight on camera trap detections of 3 fisher predators (bobcat [lynx rufus ... | 2016 | 26937448 |
| prey choice by marten during a decline in prey abundance. | we examined variation in diet choice by marten (martes americana) among seasons and between sexes and ages from 1980-1985. during this period prey populations crashed simultaneously, except for ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) which was common at the beginning and end of the study, and masked shrews (sorex cinereus) which were abundant in 1983. marten were catholic in selection of prey and made use of most available mammalian prey, ruffed grouse, passerine birds, berries, and insects. diet niche ... | 1990 | 28313176 |
| annual and seasonal changes in diets of martens: evidence from stable isotope analysis. | theory predicts that generalist predators will switch to alternative prey when preferred foods are not readily available. studies on the feeding ecology of the american marten (martes americana) throughout north america suggest that this mustelid is a generalist predator feeding largely on voles (microtus sp.; clethrionomys sp.). we investigated seasonal and annual changes in diets of martens in response to the changing abundance of small rodents (peromyscus keeni, and microtus longicaudus) on c ... | 1997 | 28308005 |
| endoparasites of american marten (martes americana): review of the literature and parasite survey of reintroduced american marten in michigan. | the american marten (martes americana) was reintroduced to both the upper (up) and northern lower peninsula (nlp) of michigan during the 20th century. this is the first report of endoparasites of american marten from the nlp. faeces from live-trapped american marten were examined for the presence of parasitic ova, and blood samples were obtained for haematocrit evaluation. the most prevalent parasites were capillaria and alaria species. helminth parasites reported in american marten for the firs ... | 2016 | 27536551 |
| differential habitat use or intraguild interactions: what structures a carnivore community? | differential habitat use and intraguild competition are both thought to be important drivers of animal population sizes and distributions. habitat associations for individual species are well-established, and interactions between particular pairs of species have been highlighted in many focal studies. however, community-wide assessments of the relative strengths of these two factors have not been conducted. we built multi-scale habitat occupancy models for five carnivore taxa of new york's adiro ... | 2016 | 26731404 |
| impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of newfoundland, canada. | the island of newfoundland is unique because it has as many non-native terrestrial mammals as native ones. the impacts of non-native species on native flora and fauna can be profound and invasive species have been identified as one of the primary drivers of species extinction. few studies, however, have investigated the effects of a non-native species assemblage on community and ecosystem properties. we reviewed the literature to build the first terrestrial mammal food web for the island of newf ... | 2014 | 25170923 |
| independent nonframeshift deletions in the mc1r gene are not associated with melanistic coat coloration in three mustelid lineages. | sequence variation within the 5' flanking (about 240 bp) and exon regions (426 bp) of the melanocortin-1 receptor (mc1r) gene was examined to determine the potential role of this protein in the melanistic coat coloration of 17 mustelid species in four genera: gulo (wolverines), martes (martens), mustela (weasels), and meles (badgers). members of the genera mustela and meles, together with martes flavigula and martes pennanti, were shown to have intact gene sequences. however, several "in frame" ... | 2006 | 16135707 |
| environmental contaminants in wild martens (martes americana) and wolverines (gulo luscus). | | 2004 | 15386078 |
| molecular evolution of holarctic martens (genus martes, mammalia: carnivora: mustelidae). | the bering land bridge has served as a major corridor of interchange between the northern continents for many organisms. we investigated the phylogeny of all extant species of martes (except for martes gwatkinsi from india) to infer evolutionary relationships and characterize the extent of trans-beringian movements. analyses of complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and partial sequences of the nuclear aldolase c gene (241bp) suggested that the genus martes may be paraphyletic ... | 2002 | 12144754 |
| accuracy in molecular sexing of martens (martes americana and martes caurina) varies among sample types. | we evaluated the accuracy of sex identification using the sry marker for american marten (martes americana) and pacific marten (martes caurina) using samples collected from commercial trappers and those obtained via noninvasive sampling. we determined that sex identification from lut-sry primers is accurate at >90% for muscle and hair samples collected noninvasively. we found much lower accuracy when using hair samples plucked from trapper-killed carcasses, errors presumably incurred from contam ... | 2010 | 21565111 |
| assessing cumulative impacts of forest development on the distribution of furbearers using expert-based habitat modeling. | cumulative impacts of anthropogenic landscape change must be considered when managing and conserving wildlife habitat. across the central-interior of british columbia, canada, industrial activities are altering the habitat of furbearer species. this region has witnessed unprecedented levels of anthropogenic landscape change following rapid development in a number of resource sectors, particularly forestry. our objective was to create expert-based habitat models for three furbearer species: fishe ... | 2016 | 27209791 |
| more fishers and fewer martens due to cumulative effects of forest management and climate change as evidenced from local knowledge. | monitoring of fur-bearing species populations is relatively rare due to their low densities. in addition to catch data, trappers' experience provides information on the ecology and status of the harvested species. fisher (pekania pennanti) and american marten (martes americana) are mustelids that are sensitive to forest management and therefore considered to be ecological indicators of forest health. fisher populations have increased in eastern north america since the early 2000s and this could ... | 2017 | 28882186 |
| pairing field methods to improve inference in wildlife surveys while accommodating detection covariance. | it is common to use multiple field sampling methods when implementing wildlife surveys to compare method efficacy or cost-efficiency, integrate distinct pieces of information provided by separate methods, or evaluate method-specific biases and misclassification error. existing models that combine information from multiple field methods or sampling devices permit rigorous comparison of method-specific detection parameters, enable estimation of additional parameters such as false-positive detectio ... | 2017 | 28644579 |
| effects of live-trapping and isoflurane anesthesia on free-ranging american martens (martes americana). | seventy-two free-ranging american martens ( martes americana ) in michigan, us were immobilized using isoflurane from 2011 to 2015. in total, 129 anesthetic procedures were performed with no mortalities. hypothermia and hyperthermia were the most common anesthetic complications, and the mean rectal temperatures were significantly higher during summer than in winter. dental abnormalities were common; the majority of abnormal findings were broken or discolored teeth attributed to previous dental t ... | 2017 | 28231032 |
| discovery of herpesviruses in canadian wildlife. | herpesviruses (hvs) have a wide range of hosts in the animal kingdom. the result of infection with hvs can vary from asymptomatic to fatal diseases depending on subtype, strain, and host. to date, little is known about hvs naturally circulating in wildlife species and the impact of these viruses on other species. in our study, we used genetic and comparative approaches to increase our understanding of circulating hvs in canadian wildlife. using nested polymerase chain reaction targeting a conser ... | 2017 | 27778101 |
| node-based measures of connectivity in genetic networks. | at-site environmental conditions can have strong influences on genetic connectivity, and in particular on the immigration and settlement phases of dispersal. however, at-site processes are rarely explored in landscape genetic analyses. networks can facilitate the study of at-site processes, where network nodes are used to model site-level effects. we used simulated genetic networks to compare and contrast the performance of 7 node-based (as opposed to edge-based) genetic connectivity metrics. we ... | 2016 | 25917123 |
| examining the uncertain origin and management role of martens on prince of wales island, alaska. | conservation biologists are generally united in efforts to curtail the spread of non-native species globally. however, the colonization history of a species is not always certain, and whether a species is considered non-native or native depends on the conservation benchmark. such ambiguities have led to inconsistent management. within the tongass national forest of alaska, the status of american marten (martes americana) on the largest, most biologically diverse and deforested island, prince of ... | 2015 | 25855043 |
| american marten respond to seismic lines in northern canada at two spatial scales. | development of hydrocarbon resources across northwest canada has spurred economic prosperity and generated concerns over impacts to biodiversity. to balance these interests, numerous jurisdictions have adopted management thresholds that allow for limited energy development but minimize undesirable impacts to wildlife. used for exploration, seismic lines are the most abundant linear feature in the boreal forest and exist at a variety of widths and recovery states. we used american marten (martes ... | 2015 | 25768848 |
| ketamine and midazolam anesthesia in pacific martens (martes caurina). | abstract the use of midazolam as a tranquilizer for anesthesia in mustelids in conjunction with the cyclohexamine ketamine is not well documented. because midazolam is fast acting, inexpensive, and quickly metabolized, it may serve as a good alternative to other more commonly used tranquilizers. we trapped and anesthetized 27 pacific martens (martes caurina) in lassen national forest (northern california, us) august 2010-april 2013. we assessed anesthesia with ketamine at 18 and 25 mg/kg combine ... | 2015 | 25380359 |
| search: spatially explicit animal response to composition of habitat. | complex decisions dramatically affect animal dispersal and space use. dispersing individuals respond to a combination of fine-scale environmental stimuli and internal attributes. individual-based modeling offers a valuable approach for the investigation of such interactions because it combines the heterogeneity of animal behaviors with spatial detail. most individual-based models (ibms), however, vastly oversimplify animal behavior and such behavioral minimalism diminishes the value of these mod ... | 2013 | 23717647 |
| effects of multiple founder populations on spatial genetic structure of reintroduced american martens. | reintroductions and translocations are increasingly used to repatriate or increase probabilities of persistence for animal and plant species. genetic and demographic characteristics of founding individuals and suitability of habitat at release sites are commonly believed to affect the success of these conservation programs. genetic divergence among multiple source populations of american martens (martes americana) and well documented introduction histories permitted analyses of post-introduction ... | 2010 | 20041991 |
| mortality risk increases with natal dispersal distance in american martens. | the assumption that mortality risk increases with dispersal distance has rarely been tested. we compared patterns of natal dispersal in the american marten (martes americana) between a large regenerating forest landscape and an uncut landscape that was dominated by more mature forest to test whether mortality risk increased with dispersal distance, and whether variation in mortality risk influenced dispersal distance. mortality risk increased with dispersal distance in both landscape treatments, ... | 2009 | 19570789 |
| beyond description: the active and effective way to infer processes from spatial patterns. | the ecological processes that create spatial patterns have been examined by direct measurement and through measurement of patterns resulting from experimental manipulations. but in many situations, creating experiments and direct measurement of spatial processes can be difficult or impossible. here, we identify and define a rapidly emerging alternative approach, which we formalize as "space as a surrogate" for unmeasured processes, that is used to maximize inference about ecological processes th ... | 2009 | 19294912 |
| field use of isoflurane as an inhalant anesthetic in the american marten (martes americana). | we evaluated the effectiveness and practicality of using isoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic with oxygen as a gas carrier for american martens (martes americana) in a field setting. sixty-eight martens were trapped in the waswanipi cree model forest (québec, canada) from october to november 2005 and anesthetized with isoflurane in 100% oxygen (1 l/min) using a face mask. induction setting of isoflurane was 3% for all animals. mean (+/-sd) length of induction was 1.8+/-1.2 min. maintenance iso ... | 2007 | 17984268 |
| fasting in the american marten (martes americana): a physiological model of the adaptations of a lean-bodied animal. | the american marten (martes americana) is a boreal forest marten with low body adiposity throughout the year. the aim of this study was to investigate the adaptations of this lean-bodied species to fasting for an ecologically relevant duration (48 h) by exposing eight farm-bred animals to total food deprivation with seven control animals. selected morphological and hematological parameters, plasma and serum biochemistry, endocrinological variables and liver and white adipose tissue (wat) enzyme ... | 2007 | 17605015 |
| fatty acid profiles and relative mobilization during fasting in adipose tissue depots of the american marten (martes americana). | the american marten (martes americana) is a boreal forest marten with low body adiposity but high metabolic rate. the study describes the fa composition in white adipose tissue depots of the species and the influence of food deprivation on them. american marten (n = 8) were fasted for 2 d with 7 control animals. fasting resulted in a 13.4% weight loss, while the relative fat mass was >25% lower in the fasted animals. the fa composition of the fat depots of the trunk was quite similar to other pr ... | 2006 | 16711597 |
| dispersal and genetic structure in the american marten, martes americana. | natal dispersal in a vagile carnivore, the american marten (martes americana), was studied by comparing radio-tracking data and microsatellite genetic structure in two populations occupying contrasting habitats. the genetic differentiation determined among groups of individuals using f(st) indices appeared to be weak in both landscapes, and showed no increase with geographical distance. genetic structure investigated using pairwise genetic distances between individuals conversely showed a patter ... | 2006 | 16629821 |
| tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine immobilization of american marten (martes americana). | the effectiveness of tiletamine-zolazepam (telazol) and xylazine as an immobilizing combination for american martens (martes americana) was evaluated. fifteen martens were intramuscularly injected on 19 occasions using a 3:2 mixture of tiletamine-zolazepam (3.2+/-0.6 mg/kg [mean +/- sd]) and xylazine (2.1+/-0.4 mg/kg) at pictured rocks national lakeshore, michigan (usa) during may to october 2002-2003. mean induction time was 2.5+/-1.8 min; mean recovery time was 70.8+/-31.9 min. there was no re ... | 2005 | 16244082 |
| post-glacial colonization of northwestern north america by the forest-associated american marten (martes americana, mammalia: carnivora: mustelidae). | phylogeographic patterns were used to assess intraspecific diversification of american martens (martes americana). within martens, two morphological groups (americana and caurina) have been recognized, though the level of distinction between them has been debated. we examined mitochondrial cytochrome b gene haplotypes from 680 martens to explore the colonization history of the pacific northwest and found two clades that correspond to the morphological groups. the widespread americana clade exten ... | 2002 | 12296948 |
| field immobilization of american martens (martes americana) and short-tailed weasels (mustela erminea). | ketamine hydrochloride (kh) and a 5:1 combination of kh and xylazine hydrochloride (xh) were used successfully to immobilize short-tailed weasels (mustela erminea) and american martens (martes americana), respectively. four adult male martens were intramuscularly injected with 30 to 82 mg/kg kh and 8.0 to 16.4 mg/kg xh. three adult male short-tailed weasels were intramuscularly injected with 20.8 to 42.1 mg/kg kh. mean (+/- se) induction times for martens and short-tailed weasels were 1.8 +/- 0. ... | 1992 | 1474670 |
| sylvatic trichinosis in ontario, canada. | samples of muscle from 4,773 specimens of 18 species of wild mammals from ontario were examined for trichinella. one of 12 mink (mustela vison), 83 of 1,821 fisher (martes pennanti) and 68 of 1,980 marten (martes americana) had t. spiralis. prevalences of infections by trichinella were determined for fisher and marten from the algonquin region, over a 10-yr period. prevalences ranged from 0.9-9.2% in fisher and 1.3-8.7% in marten indicating that the parasite is well-established in the region. pr ... | 1986 | 3951060 |
| the descriptive and comparative postcranial osteology of marten (martes americana turton) and fisher (martes pennanti erxleben): the axial skeleton. | | 1978 | 667756 |
| the forelimb musculature of marten (martes americana turton) and fishes (martes pennanti erxleben). | | 1977 | 837281 |
| the descriptive and comparative postcranial osteology of marten (martes americana turton) and fisher (martes pennanti erxleben): the appendicular skeleton. | | 1977 | 837275 |
| multi-species genetic connectivity in a terrestrial habitat network. | habitat fragmentation reduces genetic connectivity for multiple species, yet conservation efforts tend to rely heavily on single-species connectivity estimates to inform land-use planning. such conservation activities may benefit from multi-species connectivity estimates, which provide a simple and practical means to mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation for a larger number of species. to test the validity of a multi-species connectivity model, we used neutral microsatellite genetic data ... | 2017 | 29043084 |
| the impact of rewilding, species introductions and climate change on the structure and function of the yukon boreal forest ecosystem. | community and ecosystem changes are happening in the pristine boreal forest ecosystem of the yukon for two reasons. first, climate change is affecting the abiotic environment (temperature, rainfall, growing season) and driving changes in plant productivity and predator-prey interactions. secondly, simultaneously change is occurring because of mammal species reintroductions and rewilding. the key ecological question is the impact these faunal changes will have on trophic dynamics. primary product ... | 2017 | 29168615 |
| abiotic conditions mediate intraguild interactions between mammalian carnivores. | intraguild (ig) interactions are common among mammalian carnivores, can include intraguild predation (igp) and interspecific killing (ik), and are often asymmetrical, where a larger more dominant species (igpredator ) kills a smaller one (igprey ). according to ecological theory, the potential for an igpredator and igprey to coexist depends on whether the direct consumptive benefits for the igpredator are substantial (igp) or insignificant (ik), the extent to which the igprey is the superior exp ... | 2019 | 31236935 |
| assessing arrays of multiple trail cameras to detect north american mammals. | motion triggered camera traps are an increasingly popular tool for wildlife research and can be used to survey for multiple species simultaneously. as with all survey techniques, it is crucial to conduct camera trapping research following study designs that include adequate spatial and temporal replication, and sufficient probability of detecting species presence. the use and configuration of multiple camera traps within a single survey site are understudied considerations that could have a subs ... | 2019 | 31206527 |
| impact of climate change on the small mammal community of the yukon boreal forest. | long-term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations, and if change has occurred, why. we have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in the boreal forest of the southern yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3-5 unmanipulated grids in spring and autumn. this community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9% of the energy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 19 ... | 2019 | 30983064 |
| appendicular skeletal morphology of north american martes reflect independent modes of evolution in conjunction with pleistocene glacial cycles. | pleistocene glacial cycles are thought to have driven ecological niche shifts, including novel niche formation. north american pine martens, martes americana and m. caurina, are exemplar taxa thought to have diverged molecularly and morphologically during pleistocene glaciation. previous research found correlations between martes limb morphology with biome and climate, suggesting that appendicular evolution may have occurred via adaptation to selective pressures imposed by novel and shifting hab ... | 2020 | 33099887 |
| carnivore contact: a species fracture zone delineated amongst genetically structured north american marten populations (martes americana and martes caurina). | north american martens are forest dependent, influenced by human activity, and climate vulnerable. they have long been managed and harvested throughout their range as the american marten (martes americana). recent work has expanded evidence for the original description of two species in north america - m. americana and the pacific coast marten, m. caurina - but the geographic boundary between these groups has not been described in detail. from 2010 to 2016 we deployed 734 multi-taxa winter bait ... | 2020 | 32754203 |
| sex-specific ontogenetic patterns of cranial morphology, theoretical bite force, and underlying jaw musculature in fishers and american martens. | the carnivoran cranium undergoes tremendous growth in size and development of shape to process prey as adults and, importantly, these ontogenetic processes can also differ between the sexes. how these ontogenetic changes in morphology actually relate to the underlying jaw musculature and overall bite performance has rarely been investigated. in this study, i examined sex-specific ontogenetic changes in cranial morphology, jaw adductor muscles, and theoretical bite force between subadults and adu ... | 2020 | 32519772 |
| multiscale landscape genetics of american marten at their southern range periphery. | american marten (martes americana) are a conservation priority in many forested regions of north america. populations are fragmented at the southern edge of their distribution due to suboptimal habitat conditions. facilitating gene flow may improve population resilience through genetic and demographic rescue. we used a multiscale approach to estimate the relationship between genetic connectivity and landscape characteristics among individuals at three scales in the northeastern united states: re ... | 2020 | 31992842 |
| bioaccumulation of mercury in a terrestrial carnivore, american marten (martes americana). | studies that assess mercury bioaccumulation in small carnivores in terrestrial habitats are limited. we quantified total mercury (thg) in american marten (martes americana) that were harvested for fur in michigan, us, during 2013 and 2014. we quantified thg (dry weight) in hair, kidney, and liver samples and further analyzed hair for potential demographic and ecological factors that influence thg bioaccumulation. we found thg concentrations to be the highest in hair (1.228±0.475 µg/g, n=40), fol ... | 2020 | 31880989 |
| american marten and fisher do not segregate in space and time during winter in a mixed-forest system. | understanding the mechanisms of coexistence between ecologically similar species is an important issue in ecology. carnivore coexistence may be facilitated by spatial segregation, temporal avoidance, and differential habitat selection. american martens martes americana and fishers pekania pennanti are medium-sized mustelids that occur sympatrically across portions of north america, yet mechanisms of coexistence between the two species are not fully understood. we assessed spatial and temporal pa ... | 2019 | 31031953 |
| temporal plasticity in habitat selection criteria explains patterns of animal dispersal. | patterns of dispersal behavior are often driven by the composition and configuration of suitable habitat in a matrix of unsuitable habitat. interactions between animal behavior and landscapes can therefore influence population dynamics, population and species distributions, population genetic structure, and the evolution of behavior. spatially explicit individual-based models (ibms) are ideal tools for exploring the effects of landscape structure on dispersal. we developed an empirically paramet ... | 2020 | 30971861 |
| dynamic colonization history in a rediscovered isle royale carnivore. | island ecosystems are globally threatened, and efforts to restore historical communities are widespread. such conservation efforts should be informed by accurate assessments of historical community composition to establish appropriate restoration targets. isle royale national park is one of the most researched island ecosystems in the world, yet little is actually known about the biogeographic history of most isle royale taxa. to address this uncertainty and inform restoration targets, we determ ... | 2018 | 30139968 |
| serosurvey, hematology, and causes of mortality of free-ranging american martens ( martes americana) in michigan. | to better understand the clinical pathology, diseases, and causes of mortality of reintroduced american martens ( martes americana) in michigan, a study was conducted from 2011 to 2015 in the upper and lower peninsulas of michigan. samples obtained from live trapping ( n = 58) or harvested carcasses ( n = 34) were serologically tested for select pathogens. antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and canine distemper virus were detected in 58 and 3.4% of samples, respectively. all samples were seron ... | 2018 | 29900765 |
| density and population viability of coastal marten: a rare and geographically isolated small carnivore. | pacific martens (martes caurina humboldtensis) in coastal forests of oregon and northern california in the united states are rare and geographically isolated, prompting a petition for listing under the endangered species act. if listed, regulations have the potential to influence land-use decisions on public and private lands, but no estimates of population size, density, or viability of remnant marten populations are available for evaluating their conservation status. we used gps and vhf teleme ... | 2018 | 29637018 |
| spatiotemporal variation in resource selection: insights from the american marten (martes americana). | behavioral and genetic adaptations to spatiotemporal variation in habitat conditions allow species to maximize their biogeographic range and persist over time in dynamic environments. an understanding of these local adaptations can be used to guide management and conservation of populations over broad extents encompassing diverse habitats. this understanding is often achieved by identifying covariates related to species' occurrence in multiple independent studies conducted in relevant habitats a ... | 2019 | 29160665 |