| treatment of traumatic wounds in a wild grizzly bear. | | 1977 | 586061 |
| size of bony labyrinth of human infant and adult compared to that in certain animals. | comparative anatomic studies of the bony labyrinths of humans and those of a full grown pony, zebra, grizzly bear, seal and domestic cow were performed. fusible metal was injected into the labyrinths and the resultant casts were then measured. the similarities and differences were noted and discussed. | 1978 | 655573 |
| [comparative anatomy of the spinal cord of semi-aquatic, aquatic and terrestrial mammals]. | skeletotopically, cervical thickening of the spinal cord in semiwater mammals (callorhinus ursinus, eumetopias jubatus, phoca larga, phoca kurilensis, enhydra lutris) corresponds to 4--5, and in terrestrial mammals (ursus arctos, vulpes vulpes)--to 3--6 cervical vertebrae. lumbar thickening in terrestrial spicies and in enhydra lutris is situated more caudally from the thoracic portion than in phocidae. in a typically water animal (phocaenoides dalli) the cervical thickening is expressed feebly, ... | 1978 | 736804 |
| [granulomatous candida mycosis in a kodiak bear (ursus arctos middendorfi); mycological and histological studies]. | | 1975 | 1102974 |
| further observations on rangiferine brucellosis in alaskan carnivores. | antibodies against rangiferine brucellosis, brucella suis type 4, are commonly found in the serum of various domestic and wild alaskian carnivores which feed on caribou, rangifer tarandus granti, arctic alaska. sled dogs from five native villages on the range of the artic caribou herd, but not from two villages on the the range of the porcupine caribou herd, are commonly infected. wolves (canis lupus) and red foxes (vulpes fulva) are less commonly infected. about 90% of the grizzly bears (ursus ... | 1975 | 1113440 |
| present status of trichinellosis in japan. | there have been three mass outbreaks of human trichinellosis in japan. the first was in 1974 in iwasaki, aomori prefecture, involving a group of hunters who ate raw meat of a black bear they had shot. of the 20 people who ate the bear meat raw, 15 showed clinical symptoms of trichinellosis. the second outbreak was experienced in sapporo, hokkaido, in 1980. the patients had eaten the raw meat of a brown bear served in a local restaurant. twelve people were diagnosed positive on the basis of clini ... | 1991 | 1822910 |
| [illustrated report of a vertebral column disorder in a kodiak bear (ursus arctos middendorffi)]. | autopsy of an old male kodiakbear (ursus arctos middendorffi), who had suffered from extreme motor disturbances, revealed haemangioma of the liver and severe osseous changes, particularly of the spine. a photographic documentation is given. | 1991 | 2015029 |
| [experiences with ivermectin in exotic animals: scabies in camelids (camelus bactrianus, lama guanicoe, l. glama) and scabies and roundworms in bears (thalarctos maritimus and ursus arctos)]. | for the control of scabies in tylopodes (l. bactrianus, l. guanicoe, l. glama) and brown bears 0.2 mg/kg body weight (1 ml/50 kg body weight) of ivermectin subcutaneously injected proved to be remedy of choice. in kodiak-bears the oral application of ivomec-solution was effective against ascariasis, not, however, in polar bears. sufficient effect was reached only once, whereas equalan-paste proved to be highly effective. despite of strong hygienic measures continous follow-up treatment for the p ... | 1991 | 2025214 |
| occurrence of yersinia enterocolitica in the tokyo tama zoo. | yersinia enterocolitica serogroups o5a and o8 were isolated from fecal samples of one colony of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) from the tokyo tama zoo (japan). serogroup o5a was detected in brown bear (ursus arctos) prior to the isolation from the macaques. serogroup o5a organisms also were isolated from the japanese macaques' breeding area. serogroup o5a and o8 isolates were not pathogenic. serogroup o8 isolates did not possess the o7 or o19 antigens. | 1989 | 2716113 |
| neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in aged bears. | in aged human beings and in individuals with age-associated degenerative disorders, particularly alzheimer's disease (ad), neurons develop cytoskeletal abnormalities, including neurofibrillary tangles (nft) and senile plaques (sp). senile plaques occur in several nonhuman species; however, nft, with ultrastructural or immunocytochemical similarities to those occurring in humans, have not been identified in other mammals. in this study of five aged bears (ursus, 20-30 years of age), we identified ... | 1988 | 3171607 |
| osteosarcoma in the maxilla of a brown bear (ursus arctos). | | 1988 | 3212897 |
| [frost resistance of trichinella larvae in the muscles of the european brown bear]. | | 1988 | 3252140 |
| a study of predominant aerobic microflora of black bears (ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in northwestern alberta. | swab specimens were obtained from nasal, rectal, and preputial or vaginal areas of 37 grizzly and 17 black bears, captured during may to june of 1981 to 1983, to determine the types and frequency of predominant aerobic microflora. bacterial genera most frequently isolated from bears were escherichia, citrobacter, hafnia, proteus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus species, comprising about 65% of the isolates. erwinia, xanthomonas, agrobacterium, rhizobium, and gluconobacter/acetobacter were also ... | 1987 | 3447691 |
| [seasonal frequency-distributions from sightings of wild brown bears (ursus arctos) in trentino, italy]. | | 1972 | 4648193 |
| [morphological studies of the skull of yezo brown bear (ursus arctos yezoensis lyd.). 3. abrasion patterns of the teeth and their allometric values in relation to the skull size (basilar skull length)]. | | 1973 | 4800052 |
| [the higher nervous activity of ursus arctos]. | | 1968 | 4984748 |
| blood chemistry of the brown bear (ursus arctos) from southwestern yukon territory, canada. | | 1972 | 5038730 |
| [morphological studies on the skull of the yezo brown bear. 1. growth of the skull size]. | | 1972 | 5063024 |
| [morphological studies of the skull of yezo brown bear (ursus arctos yezoensis lyd). 2. obliteration patterns of the suture and synchondroses of the skull]. | | 1972 | 5065268 |
| [interesting findings on the skull and dentition of the brown bear (ursus arctos l.)]. | | 1969 | 5251315 |
| helminths of the grizzly bear, ursus arctos l., in northern canada. | | 1969 | 5408702 |
| hypothyroidism in a grizzly bear. | | 1970 | 5465571 |
| human injury inflicted by grizzly bears. | grizzly bear (ursus arctos horribilis) attacks resulting in human injury and known to have occurred in the national parks of north america were examined. fifty-seven attacks in which 61 persons were injured took place in three national parks in the united states and accounted for 79 percent of the known injuries. the remaining 16 injuries occurred in four canadian national parks. the 77 injured persons gives an injury rate of 1 person per 2 million visitors. | 1970 | 5470717 |
| serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in alaskan wildlife. | antibodies to brucella spp. were detected in sera of seven of 67 (10%) caribou (rangifer tarandus), one of 39 (3%) moose (alces alces), and six of 122 (5%) grizzly bears (ursus arctos). antibodies to leptospira spp. were found in sera of one of 61 (2%) caribou, one of 37 (3%) moose, six of 122 (5%) grizzly bears, and one of 28 (4%) black bears (ursus americanus). antibodies to contagious ecthyma virus were detected in sera of seven of 17 (41%) dall sheep (ovis dalli) and five of 53 (10%) caribou ... | 1983 | 6139490 |
| beta-endorphin levels in blood from selected alaskan mammals. | blood samples were analyzed for beta-endorphin from 43 non-torpid black bear (ursus americanus), 8 torpid black bear, 3 non-torpid brown bear (ursus arctos), 14 moose (alces alces), 6 mountain goats (oreamnus americanus) and 30 steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). beta-endorphin levels were detected in all species sampled and there were no significant differences in levels among non-torpid black bear, brown bear and sea lions. also, no differences were detected between moose and mountain goat ... | 1981 | 6279890 |
| antibiotic-associated colitis due to clostridium difficile in a kodiak bear. | clostridium difficile and its toxins usually are present in feces of laboratory animals and persons with antibiotic-associated colitis. we report antibiotic-associated colitis in a captive kodiak bear (alaskan brown bear, ursus arctos) in which c difficile and its cytotoxin were found in feces. this indicates that the colitis associated with c difficile and its toxins can occur in nonlaboratory large animals and that this organism may be the causative agent in certain cases of idiopathic colitis ... | 1983 | 6625306 |
| serologic evidence of arbovirus infections in humans and wild animals in alaska. | blood samples were collected from humans and several species of free-ranging wild animals in alaska. sera were tested for antibody to jamestown canyon (jc), snowshoe hare (ssh), northway (nor), klamath (kla), sakhalin (sak), great island (gi), and silverwater (sil) virus. jc antibody was found in 54% of 121 human, 89% of 97 bison (bison bison), 51% of 84 dall sheep (ovis dalli), 43% of 68 snowshoe hare (lepus americanus), and 3% of 33 arctic fox (alopex lagopus) sera. ssh antibody was found in 4 ... | 1983 | 6644915 |
| trichinosis associated with meat from a grizzly bear--alaska. | | 1981 | 6789058 |
| comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (felidae), dogs (canidae), bears (ursidae) and hyaenas (hyaenidae). | the structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the felidae, canidae, ursidae and hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. the felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (felis catus), 2 snow leopard neonates (uncia uncia), an ocelot neonate (leopardus pardalis), 2 lion neonates (panthera leo), a panther neonate (panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a neonate. the canidae were represented by ... | 1995 | 7649822 |
| phylogenetic relationships of bears (the ursidae) inferred from mitochondrial dna sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships among some bear species are still open questions. we present here mitochondrial dna sequences of d-loop region, cytochrome b, 12s rrna, trna(pro), and trna(thr) genes from all bear species and the giant panda. a series of evolutionary trees with concordant topology has been derived based on the combined data set of all of the mitochondrial dna sequences, which may have resolved the evolutionary relationships of all bear species: the ancestor of the spectacled bear ... | 1994 | 7697192 |
| use of dissociative anesthetics for the immobilization of captive bears: blood gas, hematology and biochemistry values. | nineteen bears, representing five species (helarctos malayanus, ursus americanus, ursus arctos, tremarctos ornatus, melursus ursinus) were immobilized a total of 52 times using either phencyclidine-promazine or tiletamine-zolazepam. blood gas, hematology, and serum biochemistry values were determined during the immobilizations. immobilizations conducted with tiletamine-zolazepam were characterized by rapid induction and recovery times, good muscle relaxation, and relative freedom from convulsion ... | 1980 | 7463600 |
| application of dna fingerprinting in the hokkaido brown bear (ursus arctos yesoensis). | dna fingerprinting employing a minisatellite myo probe was used for individual identification and paternity determination in hokkaido brown bears (ursus arctos yesoensis). we used two restriction enzymes, hinfi and haeiii to make dna fingerprints. band patterns obtained from randomly selected bears were compared with each other, and the probability x that fragment in an individual was also present in the other was 0.69 for hinfi and 0.83 for haeiii. the value for hinfi (0.69) was similar to that ... | 1994 | 7865589 |
| immobilization of coastal grizzly bears with etorphine hydrochloride. | seventeen coastal grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) from southwestern british columbia were captured and immobilized a total of 27 times with etorphine hydrochloride (m99). effective dosages administered ranged from 0.011 to 0.132 mg/kg. drug dosages (on a body weight basis) were not significantly related to induction times (r=-.040); however, it appeared that induction could be reduced with an increased dosage. at higher dosage levels respiratory rate was reduced to 2/minute. | 1980 | 7411738 |
| the fungal flora of zoo animals' ears. | the mycotic flora of the ears of zoo animals was investigated in a large zoological garden in germany. malassezia pachydermatis was isolated from the following animals: big ant-eater, brown bear, common wombat, eurasian badger, indian elephant, mangaliza pig and wide-mouthed rhinoceros. aspergillus and penicillium species, yeasts and zygomycetes were also isolated from some animals. | 1994 | 7935595 |
| experimental brucella suis type 4 infections in domestic and wild alaskan carnivores. | beagle dogs were readily infected by 1.3 x 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) of brucella suis type 4 administered either on canned dog food, or intraperitoneally. such infections were afebrile and otherwise asymptomatic and without any obvious gross lesions. inoculation of 10(8) cfu b. suis type 4 intraperitoneally into two gravid wolves (canis lupus) resulted in infections in both animals. about 24 days later they gave birth, apparently at full-term, to two (both alive) and six (two alive and fo ... | 1981 | 7241703 |
| a long-range implantable heart rate transmitter for free-ranging animals. | the design and operating characteristics of a heart rate transmitter designed for a wild grizzly bear (ursus arctos) study is described. the rigid capsule is durable and is easily implanted in the field. the transmitter can be regularly monitored at 4-5 km and has a life expectancy of about 1 year in bears which experience winter torpor, and thus reduced heart rate, for about 7 months in northern alaska. | 1982 | 7183350 |
| immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes p450scc, 3 beta hsd, p450c17 and p450arom in the corpus luteum of the hokkaido brown bear (ursus arctos yesoensis) in relation to delayed implantation. | the objective was the immunocytochemical localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the corpus luteum of hokkaido brown bears during the period of delayed implantation. cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome p450 (p450scc), 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta hsd), 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome p450 (p450c17) and aromatase cytochrome p450 (p450arom) were localized as biosynthetic sites of pregnenolone, progesterone, androgens, and oestrogens, respectively. ovaries containing corpora ... | 1994 | 7966008 |
| brown/grizzly bear mouth cultures in alaska. | | 1983 | 6869695 |
| lymphosarcoma with perforation of the ileum in a grizzly bear. | | 1984 | 6548998 |
| [predatory terrestrial mammals--the definitive hosts of diphyllobothrium klebanovskii]. | to clarify the definitive hosts of diphyllobothrium klebanovskii in the far east, 2198 individuals of 18 terrestrial predatory and omnivorous mammal species were surveyed. it was established that 47.1 +/- 8.56% of brown bears, one of the two dissected black bears, 1.7 +/- 1.2% of wolves, 1.6 +/- 0.71% of dogs, 0.3 +/- 0.14% of american minks and 2.8 +/- 2.75% of pigs were invaded by a tapeworm. obligatory hosts of the parasite were brown and black bears, and the remaining species were optional h ... | 1993 | 8028565 |
| prevalence and distribution of larvae of trichinella sp. in cougars, felis concolor l., and grizzly bears, ursus arctos l., in alberta. | | 1984 | 6492330 |
| detection and control of rotavirus infections in zoo animals. | fecal specimens from 15 exotic animal species, with and without diarrhea, were examined for the presence of rotavirus, bacterial enteropathogens, and intestinal parasites. a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antigens of rotavirus. rotavirus was detected in the feces of 20 (57%) of 35 of the animals, which included addax (addax nasomaculatus), nyala (tragelaphus angasi), saiga (saiga tatarica), white-tailed gnu (connochaetus gnou), greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsice ... | 1983 | 6315660 |
| immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes, p450scc, 3 beta-hsd, p450c17, and p450arom in the hokkaido brown bear (ursus arctos yesoensis) testis. | hokkaido brown bears (ursus arctos yesoensis) are seasonal breeders and the profile of their serum testosterone concentrations undergoes annual changes. however, precise sites of steroidogenesis in the bear testis have not been identified. therefore, our objective was to localize steroidogenic enzymes by immunocytochemistry using polyclonal antibodies generated against steroidogenic enzymes of mammalian origin. the steroidogenic enzymes localized were cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome p ... | 1993 | 8138108 |
| a case of anisakis sp. infection in a brown bear from alaska. | | 1971 | 5107111 |
| sexing free-ranging brown bears ursus arctos using hairs found in the field. | as an aid to the management of the pyrenean population of the brown bear ursus arctos, a sexing method based on the amplification of a y chromosome specific sequence has been developed, and tested using hairs found in the field as a source of dna. this method involves a two-step polymerase chain reaction (pcr) which allows the detection of a very small amount of dna, probably a single sry gene molecule. the sex can reliably be identified using about 50pg of dna extract as template. it is possibl ... | 1993 | 8162229 |
| serologic survey for selected viral and rickettsial agents of brown bears (ursus arctos) in croatia. | sera from 22 (13 wild and nine captive) european brown bears (ursus arctos) from croatia were tested to 18 viral and rickettsial agents. serologic evidence of exposure was found to the following agents (number positive/number examined): bhanja virus (3/15), tahyna virus (3/15), west nile virus (4/15), naples sandfly fever virus (1/15), human adenovirus (1/22), influenza a (1/22) and b (1/22) virus, cytomegalovirus (1/22), parainfluenza virus 1 (2/22), chlamydia psittaci (1/22), coxiella burnetii ... | 1993 | 8258856 |
| serologic survey for leptospirae in european brown bears (ursus arctos) in croatia. | from 1981 to 1991, sera of 42 european brown bears (ursus arctos) from three areas in croatia were tested for antibodies against 12 leptospira interrogans serovars: grippotyphosa, sejroe, australis, pomona, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, tarassovi, saxkoebing, ballum, bataviae, poi, and hardjo. diagnostic levels of antibody were found in 17 (40%) of 42 sera. evidence of exposure to at least one of the serovars was found in seven of 14 free-ranging bears from the lika region, four of 12 free-rang ... | 1993 | 8258865 |
| ursodeoxycholic acid in the ursidae: biliary bile acids of bears, pandas, and related carnivores. | the biliary bile acid composition of gallbladder bile obtained from six species of bears (ursidae), the giant panda, the red panda, and 11 related carnivores were determined by reversed phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. bile acids were conjugated solely with taurine (in n-acyl linkage) in all species. ursodeoxycholic acid (3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid) was present in all ursidae, averaging 1-39% of biliary bile acids depending on the spe ... | 1993 | 8263415 |
| hematology of the brown bear (ursus arctos) from southwestern yokon territory, canada. | | 1972 | 5014061 |
| survival of sylvatic trichinella spiralis isolates in frozen tissue and processed meat products. | the ability of trichinella spiralis larvae to survive at subfreezing temperatures encysted in the musculature of wild carnivorous mammals was assessed by evaluating motility and infectivity (to rodents) of trichinae at various intervals after storage in frozen skeletal muscle. fifty to 60% of the larvae in grizzly bear meat were alive after storage for 27 months at -6.5 to -20 c, and 30% to 50% were still alive at 34 months. however, none survived for 38 months, on the basis of infectivity in mi ... | 1986 | 3505925 |
| serologic survey of toxoplasma gondii in grizzly bears (ursus arctos) and black bears (ursus americanus), from alaska, 1988 to 1991. | we tested 644 serum samples from 480 grizzly bears and 40 black bears from alaska (usa), collected between 1988 and 1991, for toxoplasma gondii antibodies, using a commercially available latex agglutination test (lat). a titer > or = 64 was considered positive. serum antibody prevalence for t. gondii in grizzly bears (ursus arctos) was 18% (87 of 480). prevalence ranged from 9% (seven of 77) on kodiak island to 28% (15 of 54) in northern alaska. prevalence was directly correlated to age. no griz ... | 1995 | 8592377 |
| phylogeography of brown bears (ursus arctos) of alaska and paraphyly within the ursidae. | complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b, trna(prolime), and trna(threonine) genes were described for 166 brown bears (ursus arctos) from 10 geographic regions of alaska to describe natural genetic variation, construct a molecular phylogeny, and evaluate classical taxonomies. dna sequences of brown bears were compared to homologous sequences of the polar bear (maritimus) and of the sun bear (helarctos malayanus), which was used as an outgroup. parsimony and neighbor-joinin ... | 1996 | 8744762 |
| a phylogeny of the bears (ursidae) inferred from complete sequences of three mitochondrial genes. | complete sequences of dna are described for the cytochrome b trna(thr) and trna(pro) genes of mitochondria of four extant species of ursids and compared to sequences of four other species of ursids previously studied by us. phylogenetic analyses indicate that the giant panda and the spectacled bear are the basal taxa of the ursid radiation. the ursines, a group which includes the sun bear, sloth bear, american black bear, asiatic black bear, brown bear, and polar bear, experienced a rapid radiat ... | 1996 | 8744769 |
| serologic survey for infectious canine hepatitis virus in grizzly bears (ursus arctos) from alaska, 1973 to 1987. | serum antibody prevalence of infectious canine hepatitis virus was 12% (90 of 725) for grizzly bears (ursus arctos) from alaska (usa) during the period 1973 to 1987. prevalence was highest on kodiak island at 29% (37 of 127). prevalence of exposure at individual collection areas did not change significantly over time. there were no significant sex-specific differences in prevalence. prevalence was directly related to age, but it was 0% for bears less than 2-yr-old. young bears which are exposed ... | 1989 | 2554000 |
| intraovarian immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes in a hokkaido brown bear, ursus arctos yesoensis during the mating season. | immunolocalization for four steroidogenic enzymes was performed on an ovary taken from a hokkaido brown bear during the mating season. this specimen is considered to be in the follicular phase because of the presence of large follicles. in large follicles, cholesterol side-chain cleavage (p450scc) and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta hsd) were immunolocalized in theca interna cells and granulosa cells. 17 alpha-hydroxylase/c17-c20 lyase cytochrome p450 (p450c 17) was immunolocalized i ... | 1996 | 8877981 |
| the chloride shift may facilitate oxygen loading and unloading to/from the hemoglobin from the brown bear (ursus arctos l.). | 1. the oxygen binding properties of hemolyzed bear blood were studied in 0.1 m tris and 0.1 m hepes buffer with respect to the possible effects of temperature, ph, pco2, 2,3-dpg, and chloride ions. 2. there was a significant bohr shift with a bohr factor (delta log p50/delta ph) of the magnitude of -0.5. the temperature sensitivity expressed by the apparent heat of oxygenation minus the heat of oxygen in solution was about -8.1 kcal/mol at ph 7.4. 3. chloride ions decreased the oxygen affinity i ... | 1990 | 2111752 |
| immobilization of the free-ranging hokkaido brown bear, ursus arctos yesoensis with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride. | | 1991 | 1830806 |
| embryo recovery during delayed implantation in the captive hokkaido brown bear, ursus arctos yesoensis. | | 1991 | 1830768 |
| serum progesterone concentrations using p-eia kit in captive and free-ranging hokkaido brown bears, ursus arctos yesoensis. | serum progesterone (p) concentrations using p-eia kit (ovucheck, cambridge life science co., ltd.) were examined in 8 captive and 7 free-ranging female hokkaido brown bears (ursus arctos yesoensis). the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 8.9%, 12.6% and 16.6%, 22.7%, respectively, based on 2 serum samples. there was a significant correlation between eia and radioimmunoassay results based on 64 serum samples (r = 0.725; p less than 0.01). serum p concentrations were examined in ... | 1992 | 1558871 |
| serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in brown bears from italy. | blood samples were collected from six captive bears and nine free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the abruzzo national park, italy, between 1991 and 1995. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, and canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). serologic evidence of cdv and cpv-2-exposure was found in both captive and free-ranging bears. this may be the first report of cdv exposure in free-ranging bear ... | 1997 | 9131563 |
| [developmental characteristics of the trichinella muscle larvae isolated from the brown bear and the effect of mebendazole in infected white mice]. | | 1979 | 537584 |
| serologic survey for trichinella spp. in grizzly bears from alaska. | blood was collected from 878 grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in seven geographic areas of alaska from 1973 to 1987. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure was used to test sera for evidence of exposure to trichinella spp. serum antibody prevalence ranged from 5% (10 positive of 196 tested) in the southern region of the state to 83% (355 of 430 tested) in the northern region. these major discrepancies may be a result of differing food habits of bears in the major geographic areas. prevalence ... | 1997 | 9249692 |
| extent of vascularization by the two branches of the renal artery in the brown bear (ursus arctos). | the renal arteries of four brown bears (ursus arctos) have been investigated after filling with a polyester resin. it is shown that in all cases the renal artery devides into ventral and dorsal, sub- and suprapelvic arteries. the distribution of these arteries and the number of renculi supplied are described. | 1979 | 517769 |
| [case of trichinosis with lethal outcome due to consumption of brown bear meat in the krasnoyarsk territory]. | one autopsy case of trichinellosis (in a man of 22) with extensive involvement of the locomotor apparatus (secondary infectious-allergic polymyositis) is presented. group infection with trichinellosis occurred by eating of insufficiently treated meat of a brown bear which confirms the existence of a natural focus of trichinellosis in the krasnoyarsky kray. | 1979 | 485879 |
| effects of sex, age, capturing method, and season on serum chemistry values of brown bears in croatia. | sixty seven serum samples collected from 43 european brown bears (ursus arctos) from croatia were tested for < or = 31 serum chemistry parameters. results were grouped and compared by bears origin (method of capture), sex, age, mass, and season sampled. greatest differences were found between captive and free-living bears, and minor differences were found when sex, age, mass, or season of sampling were compared. creatine kinase was significantly different among three categories of bears with the ... | 1997 | 9391963 |
| [prosthetic management of a patient who lost the substantial part of his face when attacked by a grizzly bear]. | | 1979 | 397107 |
| a coccidian from a grizzly bear. | | 1979 | 255313 |
| estimate of genetic variations in hokkaido brown bears (ursus arctos yesoensis) by dna fingerprinting. | genetic variations within and between local populations of hokkaido brown bears, ursus arctos yesoensis, were quantified by means of dna fingerprinting using a minisatellite dna probe. the estimates of the average heterozygosity (gene diversity) h were 0.302 and 0.241 for the populations on the southwestern part of the oshima peninsula and the shiretoko peninsula, respectively. these values suggest that local populations studied in this study have low genetic variability compared with those for ... | 1994 | 7745876 |
| conservation genetics of the european brown bear--a study using excremental pcr of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences. | in the brenta area of northern italy, a brown bear ursus arctos population is rapidly going extinct. restocking of the population is planned. in order to study the genetics of this highly vulnerable population with a minimum of stress to the animals we have developed a pcr-based method that allows the study of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences from droppings collected in the field. this method is generally applicable to animals in the wild. using excremental as well as hair samples, we sh ... | 1995 | 7711958 |
| microsatellite analysis of paternity and reproduction in arctic grizzly bears. | we report data from analyses of microsatellite loci of 30 grizzly bear family groups which demonstrate that each cub in a litter can be sired independently, and we derive estimates of maximum reproductive success for males, from an arctic population in northwestern alaska that is minimally affected by human activities. these analyses were made possible by the use of single-locus primers that amplified both of an individual's alleles at eight microsatellite loci and by detailed knowledge of mater ... | 1995 | 7657992 |
| mortality of domestic sheep in free-ranging flocks in southeastern norway. | lamb mortality during three summer grazing seasons (1988 to 1990) among 1,399 lambs in three flocks of free-ranging domestic sheep in southeastern norway was modeled using logistic regression. ewe mortality during the same three seasons among the 295 ewes in one of the three flocks was also modeled. during the period, mortality among the 1,399 lambs and 295 ewes was 7.2% and 12.5%, respectively. other work has shown predation by brown bears to be the single most important mortality factor in all ... | 1995 | 7628943 |
| the brown bear in europe: its plight and dental needs. | the brown bear is one of the most persecuted animals in the world. in greece, turkey, pakistan and india they are used as dancing spectacles by gypsies. the mother is killed so that the cubs can be captured at a very early age and subjected to training that involves extreme cruelty: starvation, beatings and red-hot metal plates, as well as rings and chains through their noses and lips, are used to make the animals stand on their hind feet and mimic a dance routine so that their handlers can coll ... | 1994 | 7867859 |
| electroejaculation and semen characteristics of the captive hokkaido brown bear (ursus arctos yesoensis). | an electroejaculation technique was applied to the hokkaido brown bear (ursus arctos yesoensis) for semen collection and characterization of their seminal traits. ten captive sexually mature bears were anesthetized and subjected to 21 electroejaculation trials during their mating season in 1995 and 1996. spermic electroejaculates were recovered from 6 of the 10 bears (14 of 21 trials). the semen was characterized by serous fluid of semitransparent white color and a neutral ph. the mean values of ... | 1998 | 9764412 |
| [the effect of a fraction (1-10 kda) from the brain of the brown bear (ursus arctos) on the body temperature and metabolism of white mice]. | | 1994 | 7951021 |
| serological survey of selected canine viral pathogens and zoonoses in grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska. | between 1988 and 1991, 644 serum samples were collected from 480 grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and 40 black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska, united states of america, and were tested for selected canine viral infections and zoonoses. antibody prevalence in grizzly bears was 0% for parvovirus, 8.3% (40/480) for distemper, 14% (68/480) for infectious hepatitis, 16.5% (79/480) for brucellosis, 19% (93/480) for tularaemia and 47% (225/478) for trichinellosis. in black bears, prevalenc ... | 1998 | 9850547 |
| mitochondrial dna sequence divergence among some west european brown bear (ursus arctos l.) populations. lessons for conservation. | we used the polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing to study mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genetic variability of brown bears (ursus arctos) belonging to some western european populations. demographic decline and isolation have apparently shaped genetic variability within and between populations. small relict bear populations were apparently monomorphic and fixed for different mtdna haplotypes. genetic relationships among mtdna haplotypes suggested the existence of a phylogeographic stru ... | 1994 | 7960923 |
| bear-inflicted human injury and fatality. | this review attempts to summarize credible scientific information, and to dispel myths, regarding bear attacks. publications in the scientific literature were sought through a medline search and by reviewing the bibliographies of related books and scientific articles. personal experience and interviews with authorities were also used in preparation of this review, although only published articles or books are cited. this is a summary of case series reported or observed elsewhere. bear-inflicted ... | 1999 | 10442155 |
| tracking the origins of the cave bear (ursus spelaeus) by mitochondrial dna sequencing. | the different european populations of ursus arctos, the brown bear, were recently studied for mitochondrial dna polymorphism. two clearly distinct lineages (eastern and western) were found, which may have diverged approximately 850,000 years ago. in this context, it was interesting to study the cave bear, ursus spelaeus, a species which became extinct 20,000 years ago. in this study, we have amplified and sequenced a fragment of 139-bp in the mitochondrial dna control region of a 40,000-year-old ... | 1994 | 7991628 |
| parasites in grizzly bears from the central canadian arctic. | standardized flotation techniques were used to survey 56 grizzly bear (ursus arctos) fecal samples for parasites. the samples were collected during the spring and autumn of 1995 and 1996 in the central arctic of the northwest territories (canada). parasites of the genera nematodirus, gastrointestinal coccidia, and an unidentified first stage protostrongylid larva are reported for the first time from grizzly bear feces in north america. parasites of the genera diphyllobothrium and baylisascaris a ... | 1999 | 10479104 |
| mitochondrial dna polymorphism, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of the brown bear ursus arctos in europe. | some small european populations of the brown bear (ursus arctos) are threatened by the risk of extinction in the near future. the reinforcement of these populations with bears from other regions might provide a solution to their future survival. however, before any population transfer, the different conservation units must be identified. the phylogeographic approach has been advocated for this purpose. the different european populations were assayed for mitochondrial (mt) dna polymorphism. a rem ... | 1994 | 8022838 |
| comparative anatomy of the radial sesamoid bone in the polar bear (ursus maritimus), the brown bear (ursus arctos) and the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca). | since we have clarified the manipulation mechanism using the radial sesamoid (rs) in the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca), our aim in this study is to examine the position, shape and function of the rs morphologically, and to observe the attachment to the rs of the m. abductor pollicis longus and the m. opponens pollicis in the other ursidae species. so, we focused on the carpus and manus of the polar bear (ursus maritimus) and the brown bear (ursus arctos) in this study. the rs was tightly ... | 1999 | 10487229 |
| the culprit: grizzly bear or plastic surgeon? | | 1993 | 8110937 |
| synergistic modulation by chloride and organic phosphates of hemoglobin from bear (ursus arctos). | the oxygen binding properties of hemoglobin (hb) from brown bear (ursus arctos) have been studied focussing on the effect of heterotropic ligands, and the behaviour has been compared with that of human hba, taken as a prototype of mammalian hbs. it has been observed that in bear hb chloride ions and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (gri(2,3)p2) can modulate the oxygen affinity in a synergistic way such that their individual effect is enhanced whenever they are both present in saturating amounts. the t ... | 1994 | 8126728 |
| [correlations between feet posture and muscle fiber size in mammals--comparison of the anterior tibial muscle fiber among plantigrade type, digitigrade type and unguligrade type]. | the size (micron2) of red muscle fibers (type 1), white muscle fibers (type 2) and intermediate muscle fibers (type 3) was quantitatively determined in cross-sectional areas of the venter of the anterior tibial muscle in the plantigrade type, digitigrade type and unguligrade type using 122 individuals of 15 species in 5 orders, and correlations between the type of locomotion and muscle fiber size were analyzed from a comparative anatomical viewpoint. regardless of species, red muscle fibers with ... | 1993 | 8160529 |
| the impact of predators on livestock in the abruzzo region of italy. | free-living populations of wolves (canis lupus linnaeus, 1758) and brown bears (ursus arctos linnaeus, 1758) regularly cause damage to livestock in the abruzzo region of italy. the laws of the region provide for compensation payments to owners for losses caused by predators. in the present paper, 4,993 validated claims made between 1980 and 1988 are examined. losses ascribed to wolf, bear and wild boar attacks were 92.1%, 7.8% and 0.1%, respectively, of the total losses caused by predators durin ... | 1993 | 8518446 |
| seasonal patterns in the physiology of the european brown bear (ursus arctos arctos) in finland. | the physiological indicators such as body temperature, blood chemistry and hematology of seven european brown bears (ursus arctos arctos) were used in the present study. they were kept in either the zoological garden of university of oulu (65 degrees n, 25 degrees 24'e) or the ranua zoological garden approx. 150 km ne of oulu. transmitters with a temperature-dependent pulse rate were implanted subcutaneously or into the abdominal cavity under anesthesia. our data indicate that the body temperatu ... | 1994 | 8529017 |
| autochthonous and imported trichinella isolates in germany. | the study of trichinella isolates from wildlife in germany revealed the presence of trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi in wild boars and foxes. t spiralis was detected in meat products imported from spain, which is one of the two endemic areas of domestic trichinellosis in the european union: it was also detected in meat from a grizzly bear marketed in alaska, and trichinella nativa was detected in a polar bear from the berlin zoo. these results stress the importance of examining for t ... | 2000 | 10622607 |
| anthropogenic extinction of top carnivores and interspecific animal behaviour: implications of the rapid decoupling of a web involving wolves, bears, moose and ravens. | the recent extinction of grizzly bears (ursus arctos) and wolves (canis lupus) by humans from 95-99% of the contiguous usa and mexico in less than 100 years has resulted in dramatically altered and expanded prey communities. such rampant ecological change and putative ecological instability has not occurred in north american northern boreal zones. this geographical variation in the loss of large carnivores as a consequence of anthropogenic disturbance offers opportunities for examining the poten ... | 1999 | 10629976 |
| adaptation of the muscles of mastication to the flat skull feature in the polar bear (ursus maritimus). | the muscles of mastication of the polar bear (ursus maritimus) and those of the brown bear (u. arctos) were examined by anatomical approach. in addition, the examination of the skull was carried out in the polar bear, brown bear and giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca). in the polar bear, the rostro-ventral part of the superficial layer of the m. masseter possessed the abundant fleshy portion folded in the rostral and lateral directions like an accordion. moreover, the rostro-medial area of the ... | 2000 | 10676883 |
| [the magnetic susceptibility of the melanin in the eyes of representatives of different vertebrate classes]. | the magnetoperceptivity (chi) and element composition of eye pigment epitelium (epe) melanin in vertebrate animals were measured. the minimal values of epe chi were found in winter-sleeping and anabiotic animals (ursus arctos, rana temporaria). the magnetoperception was high in migrating animals (oncorhynchus keta, 0. gorbuscha, anas crecca) and in wild gray rats as well, epe magnetoperceptivity in albino rats wasn't practicaly established. in the majority of cases the quantity of magnetopercept ... | 1995 | 8779282 |
| nuclear dna microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow in the scandinavian brown bear (ursus arctos). | in the 1930s, the scandinavian brown bear was close to extinction due to vigorous extermination programmes in norway and sweden. increased protection of the brown bear in scandinavia has resulted in the recovery of four subpopulations, which currently contain close to 1000 individuals. effective conservation and management of the scandinavian brown bear requires knowledge of the current levels of genetic diversity and gene flow among the four subpopulations. earlier studies of mitochondrial dna ... | 2000 | 10736045 |
| phylogeography of mitochondrial dna variation in brown bears and polar bears. | we analyzed 286 nucleotides of the middle portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 61 brown bears from three locations in alaska and 55 polar bears from arctic canada and arctic siberia to test our earlier observations of paraphyly between polar bears and brown bears as well as to test the extreme uniqueness of mitochondrial dna types of brown bears on admiralty, baranof, and chichagof (abc) islands of southeastern alaska. we also investigated the phylogeography of brown bears of alaska ... | 2000 | 10837161 |
| one inhabitant per fifty square kilometers, one grizzly bear per two persons--a field study of health services in yukon, canada, may-june 1993. | | 1996 | 8901166 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the polar bear, ursus maritimus. | two trisaccharides, three tetrasaccharides, two pentasaccharides, one hexasaccharide, one heptasaccharide, one octasaccharide and one decasaccharide were isolated from polar bear milk samples by chloroform/methanol extraction, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. the oligosaccharides were characterized by 1h-nmr as follows: the saccharides from one animal: gal(alpha1-3)gal(beta1-4)glc (alpha3'-galactosyllactose), fuc(alpha1-2)gal(beta1-4)glc (2'- ... | 2000 | 10913842 |
| hepatitis in a european brown bear with canine infectious hepatitis-like lesions. | | 1996 | 8981738 |
| serum concentrations of vitamin d metabolites, vitamins a and e, and carotenoids in six canid and four ursid species at four zoos. | nutritional status for six captive canid species (n=34) and four captive ursid species (n=18) were analyzed. the species analyzed included: african wild dog (lycaon pictus), arctic fox (alopex lagopus), gray wolf (canis lupus), maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), mexican wolf (canis lupus baleiyi), red wolf (canis rufus), brown bear (ursus arctos), polar bear (ursus maritimus), spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus), and sun bear (ursus malayanus). diet information was collected for these animals ... | 2001 | 11137448 |
| recolonizing carnivores and naïve prey: conservation lessons from pleistocene extinctions. | the current extinction of many of earth's large terrestrial carnivores has left some extant prey species lacking knowledge about contemporary predators, a situation roughly parallel to that 10,000 to 50,000 years ago, when naive animals first encountered colonizing human hunters. along present-day carnivore recolonization fronts, brown (also called grizzly) bears killed predator-naive adult moose at disproportionately high rates in scandinavia, and moose mothers who lost juveniles to recolonizin ... | 2001 | 11161215 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the brown bear, ursus arctos yesoensis. | two tri-, two hexa- and two deca-saccharides were isolated from bear milk by chloroform/methanol extraction and gel filtration. the oligosaccharides were characterized, mainly by 1h-nmr, as follows: [structures: see text]. both trisaccharides were present in bear milk at a higher concentration than lactose. | 1997 | 9101720 |
| serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in grizzly bears from alaska. | blood samples were collected from 892 grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in alaska (usa) from 1973 to 1987. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to toxoplasma gondii by means of the modified agglutination test. two hundred twenty sera (25%) had titers > or = 25, the minimum threshold titer. six hundred seventy-two sera (75%) had titers < 25. antibody prevalence ranged from 9% (18 positive of 196 tested) in southern areas to 37% (162 of 433 tested) in northern areas. there was no readily apparent ... | 1997 | 9131557 |
| isolation and characterisation of an aujeszky's disease virus naturally infecting a wild boar (sus scrofa). | isolation of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) from an injured, female wild boar (sus scrofa), shot dead by hunters, in an area adjacent to the abruzzo national park is reported. the brain was submitted for attempted virus isolation following episodes of mortality in several dogs and cats fed with meat from the wild boar. virus was isolated on first passage from the brain of the wild boar. the restriction fragment length polymorphism profile of the isolate was assessed as a type i. the role of stre ... | 1997 | 9220606 |