| parasites from the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) on kyushu island, japan. | two dirofilaria ursi, six trichodectes pinguis and numerous haemaphysalis megaspinosa were obtained from an asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) shot in kyushu, japan. the presence of two parasites specific to black bears may indicate the existence of a wild population, although the bears are regarded to be extinct on kyushu island. | 1990 | 2304196 |
| basic haematological values in carnivores--i. the canidae, the hyaenidae and the ursidae. | basic haematological values for 32 animals of four carnivore species are reported. in six adult wolves (canis lupus) the mean values estimated for the erythrocyte count 7.48 x 10(12)/l, haematocrit 0.465/l, haemoglobin 172.0 g/l and leukocyte counts 7.33 x 10(9)/l are given. for five young wolves, these parameters were markedly decreased, only the white cell count was raised. in 14 hunting dogs (lycaon pictus) the mean values estimated are: erythrocyte count 9.15 x 10(12)/l haematocrit 0.435/l, ... | 1987 | 2882894 |
| a comparison of the primary structures of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes m4 from giant panda, red panda, black bear and dog. | lactate dehydrogenase isozymes m4 have been isolated and purified from red panda (ailurus fulgens), black bear (selenarctos thibetanus) and dog (canis familiars) by affinity chromatography and compared with that from giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca). experimental results have shown that the n-termini, c-termini and the molecular weights of ldh-m subunits of red panda, black bear and dog are the same as those of the ldh-m subunit of giant panda. analysis and comparison of hplc peptide maps fr ... | 1987 | 3629217 |
| [primary structure of hemoglobin of the polar bear (ursus maritimus, carnivora) and the asiatic black bear (ursus tibetanus, carnivora]. | the adult polar and asiatic black bear have one hemoglobin component each. the complete amino-acid sequences of their alpha- and beta-chains are presented. their primary structures were determined by sequencing the tryptic and prolyl peptides. the alignment of these peptides was deduced from homology to human hemoglobin chains. the hemoglobin sequences of the two species proved to be identical. the evolutionary aspects of this result are discussed. a table of identical hemoglobin sequences from ... | 1986 | 3954890 |
| [black (white-breasted) ussuri bear ursus selenarctos tibetanus ussuricus heude, 1901 as a source of human trichinosis infection in the far east]. | | 1973 | 4805428 |
| filarial parasites from the black bear of japan. | parasitological examinations were made on the tissues and the blood of the black bears (selenarctos thibetanus japonicus) of japan. three kinds of filarial parasites were found in the tissues and the blood of the hosts: dirofilaria ursi, tetrapetalonema (tetrapetalonema) akitensis sp. n. and dipetalonema (chenofilaria) japonica sp. n. the male and the microfilaria of d. ursi were described from the type host animal. japanese specimens of d. ursi were compared with the specimens from american bla ... | 1983 | 6870099 |
| phylogenetic relationships of bears (the ursidae) inferred from mitochondrial dna sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships among some bear species are still open questions. we present here mitochondrial dna sequences of d-loop region, cytochrome b, 12s rrna, trna(pro), and trna(thr) genes from all bear species and the giant panda. a series of evolutionary trees with concordant topology has been derived based on the combined data set of all of the mitochondrial dna sequences, which may have resolved the evolutionary relationships of all bear species: the ancestor of the spectacled bear ... | 1994 | 7697192 |
| serological evidence of coxiella burnetii infection in wild animals in japan. | one hundred and thirty-four (26%) of 511 sera from 11 wild animal species in eight prefectures in japan had antibody titers to coxiella burnetii by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. high prevalences were observed in japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus) (78%), hokkaido deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) (69%), japanese hares (lepus brachyurus) (63%), japanese deer (cervus nippon centralis) (56%), and to some extent in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) (28%). a low prevalence (13%) was observe ... | 1993 | 8355353 |
| a phylogeny of the bears (ursidae) inferred from complete sequences of three mitochondrial genes. | complete sequences of dna are described for the cytochrome b trna(thr) and trna(pro) genes of mitochondria of four extant species of ursids and compared to sequences of four other species of ursids previously studied by us. phylogenetic analyses indicate that the giant panda and the spectacled bear are the basal taxa of the ursid radiation. the ursines, a group which includes the sun bear, sloth bear, american black bear, asiatic black bear, brown bear, and polar bear, experienced a rapid radiat ... | 1996 | 8744769 |
| trichinella britovi from japan. | although parasites of the genus trichinella have been collected from wild animals in japan, they have never been studied at species level. muscle larvae of trichinella collected from a black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) and from a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) in japan have been identified as trichinella britovi by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis. the presence of t. britovi in japan shows that this parasite has a wide distribution in the palaearctic region, fro ... | 1996 | 8885903 |
| identification and differentiation of bear bile used in medicinal products in taiwan. | one hundred eighty-three suspect bear bile used in medicinal products, collected in taiwan as gall bladders or dried powder forms, were analyzed using ftir, hptlc, and hplc techniques to identify whether they are indeed bear bile. those confirmed were further examined to determine whether the observed analytical parameters can be reliably used for source inference, i.e., differentiating products among north american black bear, farmed asiatic black bear, polar bear, etc. our data suggested that ... | 1997 | 9304828 |
| use of protein ag in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening for antibodies against parapoxvirus in wild animals in japan. | using protein ag in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), we tried to detect antibodies against parapoxvirus in 9 species of wild animals in japan: the japanese badger (meles meles anakuma), japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus), japanese deer (cervus nippon centralis), japanese monkey (macaca fuscata), japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), japanese serow (capricornis crispus), japanese wild boar (sus scrofa leucomystax), masked palm civet (paguma larvata ... | 1999 | 10225841 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the japanese black bear, ursus thibetanus japonicus. | two trisaccharides, two tetrasaccharides, one penta-, one hexa-, two hepta-, one deca- and two undeca-saccharides were isolated from several japanese black bear milk samples by chloroform/methanol extraction, gel filtration and preparative thin-layer chromatography. the oligosaccharides were characterized by 1h-nmr as follows: gal(alpha 1-3)gal(beta 1-4)glc (alpha 3'-galactosyllactose), fuc(alpha 1-2)gal(beta 1-4)glc (2'-fucosyllactose), gal(alpha 1-3)(fuc(alpha 1-2))gal(beta 1-4)glc (b-tetrasac ... | 1999 | 10572951 |
| polymorphic microsatellite dna markers in the asiatic black bear ursus thibetanus. | | 2000 | 11050561 |
| characterization of semen collected from beagles and captive japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | this study characterized semen collected from the japanese black bear, ursus thibetanus aponicus, to provide information on semen cryopreservation for artificial breeding. preliminary studies using a beagle dog as the model species showed that sperm concentration and total sperm count were lower in semen collected by electroejaculation than in semen collected by digital manipulation, but that sperm motility, viability and morphology were similar. characterization of semen obtained from japanese ... | 2001 | 11245261 |
| sex identification of japanese black bear, ursus thibetanus japonicus, by pcr based on amelogenin gene. | a method for sex identification of the japanese black bear was examined using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing of a part of the amelogenin gene. this gene is located on the x and y chromosomes, and there are 54 nucleotide deletions on the y chromosome-specific gene. forty-seven (26 male and 21 female) dna samples and 23 (13 male and 10 female) dna samples, respectively extracted from white blood cells and hairs of japanese black bears were analyzed. the primers se47 and se48 from ... | 2002 | 12130835 |
| sequence comparison of the dopamine receptor d4 exon iii repetitive region in several species of the order carnivora. | it was previously demonstrated that the dog dopamine receptor d4 (drd4) gene is polymorphic in terms of the repeat number and/or order of 39- and 12-bp sequences located in the third exon. to examine whether or not the repetitive region is present in other species of the order carnivora, the homologous region of drd4 genes were sequenced in the gray wolf, raccoon dog, asiatic black bear, common raccoon and domestic cat. in the family canidae, the wolf had an identical sequence to that of the dog ... | 2002 | 12237526 |
| characteristics of a hepatozoonosis in lungs of japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | in a survey of pathologic agents in the wild animals of central japan, we found a hepatozoon sp. in the lungs of japanese black bears in fukui, shiga, and gifu prefectures, japan. histopathologic examination of organs and tissues from the 18 bears inspected showed hepatozoonosis in all. immature and mature meronts were found in all lobules and between alveoli, with a few found between pleura and in connective tissue. in the lungs, inflammatory cells were not found around meronts, merozoites, or ... | 2003 | 12679571 |
| comparative morphology of the muscles of mastication in the giant panda and the asiatic black bear. | the morphological differences in the muscles of mastication between the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) were sought to confirm the adaptational strategy of these muscles in the giant panda. we measured some skull characteristics and weighed the muscles of mastication, and macroscopically observed the muscles of mastication in the two species. the noticeable differences between the two species are classified as follows: (1) the size ratio of the ... | 2003 | 12801094 |
| electroejaculation and semen cryopreservation of free-ranging japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | the japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) is endangered for extinction in some areas of japan, and semen collection and cryopreservation are an important means to preserve genetic resources. the aim of this study was to characterize and cryopreserve semen of free-ranging japanese black bears. semen was collected by electroejaculation procedure from 4 free-ranging japanese black bears at the capture point in the field. ejaculates containing motile sperm were recovered from all of the a ... | 2004 | 15585951 |
| temporal diet changes recorded by stable isotopes in asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) hair. | carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in hair samples of the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) inhabiting the northern japanese alps (nja) (n = 20) and the periphery of nagano city (nc) (n = 6), in nagano prefecture, japan. the hair of nja bears, which did not have access to anthropogenic foods, showed lower values of d13c and d15n than that of nc bears which had access to garbage and corn fields, especially during the summer. these results reflect somewhat differing diets ... | 2005 | 15823859 |
| enterotoxemia associated with beta2 toxin-producing clostridium perfringens type a in two asiatic black bears (selenarctos thibetanus). | beta2 (beta2) toxin-producing clostridium perfringens type a strains were found to be associated with necrotic and hemorrhagic intestinal lesions in 2 asiatic black bears (selenarctos thibetanus) that died suddenly. ten isolates were obtained from the liver, lungs, heart, and small and large intestine of the animals and were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the genes encoding the 4 lethal toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota) for classification into toxin types as well as fo ... | 2005 | 15825503 |
| characteristics of captive japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) semen collected by electroejaculation with different voltages for stimulation and frozen-thawed under different conditions. | the japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) is an endangered species in some areas of japan, and semen collection and cryopreservation are important means to preserve genetic resources and prevent extinction. the aim of the present study was to improve the methods for electroejaculation and cryopreservation in these bears. we collected the semen from captive mature japanese black bears during the mating season by the electroejaculation method using maximum stimulus voltages of 10 v (n=9 ... | 2006 | 16289554 |
| changes in serum inhibin levels and immunolocalization of inhibin/activin subunits during the breeding season in the wild male japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | the objective of this study was to investigate the changes in secretion of inhibin and cellular localization of inhibin alpha and inhibin/activin (beta(a) and beta(b)) subunits during the breeding season in the wild male japanese black bear. histological observations of testes were performed and seminiferous tubule diameters were measured. the sections of the testes were immunostained by the avidin- biotin-peroxidase complex method (abc) using polyclonal antisera raised against porcine inhibin a ... | 2006 | 16785611 |
| [whole sequence analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene in asiatic black bear through faecal sampling]. | using our lab's improved protocol for faecal dna extraction, the entire 753-bp dna coding sequence of the nuclear brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) gene was cloned for the first time from asiatic black bear selenarctos thibetanus faecal samples with primers based on the reported sequence of the malayan bear bdnf gene. hair was used as a positive control and the experiments were repeated several times to obtain reliable and identical results. sequence analysis showed that the bdnf gene of ... | 2006 | 16818427 |
| [a molecular phylogeny of shennongjia white bear based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence]. | the phylogenetic relationship of shennongjia white bear has been an open question. total dna was extracted and sequenced from hair and feces of shennongjia white bear. based on the partial cyt b gene sequence obtained from the samples, the authors aligned them using the clustal w software program. the mega software was used to analyze the divergences and base substitutions of the partial cyt b gene among the 11 species: shennongjia white bear, selenarctos thibetanus, euarctos americanus, helarct ... | 2006 | 17035181 |
| trypanosoma evansi infections in himalayan black bears (selenarctos thibetanus). | the asiatic or himalayan black bear (selenarctos thibetanus) is an endangered species. in south asian countries, captive tamed himalayan bears are commonly used by roving bear-charmers to entertain the people in rural and urban areas. in captivity, this species confronts several psychophysical traumas and communicable diseases, which are prevalent in other domestic species. the present report describes four cases of trypanosoma evansi infection in live himalayan charming bears, which originated ... | 2007 | 17469282 |
| himalayan black bear mauling: offense or defense? | the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus or selenarctos thibetanus), also known as the tibetan black bear, the himalayan black bear, or the moon bear is a omnivorous mammal. this animal is declared threatened animal and rarely comes in human contact. recent decrease in forest area has, however, increased the chances of bear-human interaction, hence causing injuries to humans. there is only one published report in english literature on himalayan black bear mauling. we present 5 cases referred to ... | 2007 | 17606040 |
| hepatozoon ursi n. sp. (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) in japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | morphological and genetic features of a new hepatozoon species, hepatozoon ursi n. sp., in japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) were studied. schizogonic developmental stages were observed in the lungs of japanese black bears. the schizonts were sub-spherical in shape and 45.7+/-4.6 x 42.7+/-4.5 microm in size. each mature schizont contained approximately 80-130 merozoites and 0-5 residual bodies. the merozoites were 7.0+/-0.7 x 1.8+/-0.3 microm in size. intraleukocytic gametocytes w ... | 2008 | 18329332 |
| relationship between uterine morphology and peripheral concentrations of sex steroid hormone in wild japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | developing a better understanding of the reproductive physiology and breeding condition peculiar to wild japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) is crucial for estimation of their habitat distribution. the aim of this study was to clarify the changes in morphology of the genital organs, cellular proliferation in the endometrium and sex steroid hormone concentrations along with the reproductive cycle in japanese black bears. samples were collected from a total of 24 female japanese blac ... | 2009 | 18790579 |
| genetic structure of the asiatic black bear in japan using mitochondrial dna analysis. | the genetic structure of the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) in japan was studied to understand the events that occurred during its evolution. the left domain of the mitochondrial control region (about 240 bp) was sequenced, defining 27 haplotypes that consisted of 23 haplotypes from 333 bears in japan and 22 bears in the asian continent. the network tree of the control region indicated that the japanese population formed a distinct clade from the continental population. the phylogeographi ... | 2009 | 18984857 |
| the influence of climatic oscillations during the quaternary era on the genetic structure of asian black bears in japan. | the asian black bear (ursus thibetanus) inhabits two of the main islands, honshu and shikoku, in japan. to determine how climatic oscillations during the quaternary era affected the genetic structure of the black bear populations in japan, we examined their phylogeographic relationships and compared their genetic structure. we analysed an approximately 700-bp sequence in the d-loop region of mitochondrial dna collected from 589 bears in this study with 108 bears from a previous study. we observe ... | 2009 | 19319151 |
| injuries from bear (ursus thibetanus) attacks in kashmir. | strict conservation of wildlife and encroachment into its habitat have led to an increase in the number of wild animal-inflicted injuries and fatalities in kashmir. the aim of this study was to report injuries inflicted during bear attacks and discuss their management and sequelae. | 2009 | 19353314 |
| localization of five steroidogenic enzyme mrnas in japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) testes during the mating season by in situ hybridization. | the japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) is a typical seasonal breeder that has a mating season in early summer. spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis are known to develop and regress annually; however, its molecular mechanism has not yet been investigated. in the present study, we clarified the mrna sequence of 5 steroidogenic enzymes (p450scc, 3betahsd, p450c17, 17betahsd3 and p450arom) using rt-pcr and race methods and the localization of these gene expressions in the bea ... | 2010 | 20035104 |
| identification of the expressed mhc class ii dqb gene of the asiatic black bear, ursus thibetanus, in japan. | genetic diversity estimation of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene may be an important tool in the assessment of immune response ability against infectious disease. we were able to identify a near full-length expressed dqb sequence by race-pcr method from the asiatic black bear, ursus thibetanus in japan. this is the first such full length expression in the ursidae. the bear had at least one functional dqb locus. in phylogenetic tree analysis its dqb amino acid sequence formed a mon ... | 2010 | 20558901 |
| cdna, genomic sequence cloning, and overexpression of eif1 from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the black bear (ursus thibetanus mupinensis). | eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) eif1 is a universally conserved translation factor that is involved in translation initiation site selection. the cdna and the genomic sequences of eif1 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the black bear (ursus thibetanus mupinensis) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technology and touchdown-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. the cdnas of the eif1 cloned from the giant panda and the black ... | 2010 | 20589574 |
| evaluation of stored body fat in nuisance-killed japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | we evaluated the stored body fat of japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) killed as nuisances in gifu and fukushima prefectures, japan, during 2005-2007. we employed femur marrow fat (fmf), modified kidney fat index (mkfi), and abdominal subcutaneous fat (asf) as indices for quantitative evaluation. we examined the basic characteristics of these indices, such as seasonality, age and sex dependency, and the quantitative relationship among them. mkfi and asf increased towards the begin ... | 2011 | 21303202 |
| genetic status of asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) reintroduced into south korea based on mitochondrial dna and microsatellite loci analysis. | the asiatic black bear is one of the most endangered mammals in south korea owing to population declines resulting from human exploitation and habitat fragmentation. to restore the black bear population in south korea, 27 bear cubs from north korea and russian far east (primorsky krai) were imported and released into jirisan national park, a reservoir of the largest wild population in south korea, in 2004. to monitor the success of this reintroduction, the genetic diversity and population struct ... | 2011 | 21325020 |
| the first detection of babesia species dna from japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) in japan. | in this study, we tried to detect protozoan blood parasites from the liver or blood of 156 japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) in iwate prefecture of japan by polymerase chain reaction. two amplicons (approximately 540 bp and 480 bp) were detected by amplification for v4 hyper-variable regions of the 18s rrna gene. approximately 540-bp products were obtained in 119 samples (76.3%) and were considered to be dna of hepatozoon ursi. approximately 480-bp products were obtained in 22 sa ... | 2011 | 21376138 |
| seroprevalence of tularemia in wild bears and hares in japan. | tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by francisella tularensis. the distribution of the pathogen in japan has not been studied well. in this study, seroprevalence of tularemia among wild black bears and hares in japan was determined. blood samples collected from 431 japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) and 293 japanese hares (lepus brachurus) between 1998 and 2009 were examined for antibodies against f. tularensis by micro-agglutination test (ma) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ... | 2011 | 21824374 |
| an outbreak of canine distemper virus in tigers (panthera tigris): possible transmission from wild animals to zoo animals. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a morbillivirus that causes one of the most contagious and lethal viral diseases known in canids, has an expanding host range, including wild animals. since december 2009, several dead or dying wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) were found in and around one safari-style zoo in japan, and cdv was isolated from four of these animals. in the subsequent months (january to february 2010), 12 tigers (panthera tigris) in the zoo developed respiratory and gastroin ... | 2011 | 22214864 |
| a complete mitochondrial genome sequence of asian black bear sichuan subspecies (ursus thibetanus mupinensis). | we obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of u.thibetanus mupinensis by dna sequencing based on the pcr fragments of 18 primers we designed. the results indicate that the mtdna is 16,868 bp in size, encodes 13 protein genes, 22 trna genes, and 2 rrna genes, with an overall h-strand base composition of 31.2% a, 25.4% c, 15.5% g and 27.9% t. the sequence of the control region (cr) located between trna-pro and trna-phe is 1422 bp in size, consists of 8.43% of the whole genome, gc content is 51. ... | 2006 | 17205108 |
| influences of different large mammalian fauna on dung beetle diversity in beech forests. | this paper focuses on biological relationships between mammalian species richness and the community structure of dung beetles in cool-temperate forests in the northernmost part of mainland japan. the composition of beetle assemblages was evaluated at 3 sites in undisturbed beech forests with different mammalian fauna. in spring and summer 2009, beetles were collected at each site using pitfall traps baited with feces from japanese macaques, macaca fuscata blyth (primates: cercopithecidae); asiat ... | 0 | 23909510 |
| deep sequencing of plant and animal dna contained within traditional chinese medicines reveals legality issues and health safety concerns. | traditional chinese medicine (tcm) has been practiced for thousands of years, but only within the last few decades has its use become more widespread outside of asia. concerns continue to be raised about the efficacy, legality, and safety of many popular complementary alternative medicines, including tcms. ingredients of some tcms are known to include derivatives of endangered, trade-restricted species of plants and animals, and therefore contravene the convention on international trade in endan ... | 2012 | 22511890 |
| sequence variability in three mitochondrial genes among four roundworm species from wild animals in china. | sequence variability in three mitochondrial dna (mtdna) regions, namely portions of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1), nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (pnad1) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 (pnad4), for toxocara canis. baylisacaris transfuga. ascaris suum and parascaris equorum from canis lupus. ursus thibetanus. sus scrofa and equus burchelli in china were examined. the lengths of the sequences of pcox1, pnad1 and pnad4 were 711 bp, 648 bp and 666 bp, respectively. no intra-species differen ... | 2015 | 24041450 |
| multi-locus genotypes of enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive asiatic black bears in southwestern china: high genetic diversity, broad host range, and zoonotic potential. | enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate eukaryotic intracellular parasite that infects a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. although considerable research has been conducted on this organism, relatively little information is available on the occurrence of e. bieneusi in captive asiatic black bears. the present study was performed to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of e. bieneusi in captive asiatic black bears in zoos in southwestern china. fecal ... | 2017 | 28182656 |
| comparative analysis and molecular characterization of a gene banf1 encoded a dna-binding protein during mitosis from the giant panda and black bear. | barrier to autointegration factor 1 (banf1) is a dna-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions to establish nuclear architecture during mitosis. the cdna and the genomic sequence of banf1 were cloned from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and black bear (ursus thibetanus mupinensis) using rt-pcr technology and touchdown-pcr, respectively. the cdna of the banf1 cloned from giant panda and black bear is 297 bp in size, containing an open reading f ... | 2014 | 25009988 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus). | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious, debilitating, and globally significant viral disease typically affecting cloven-hoofed hosts. the diagnosis of fmd in bears in vietnam is described. the current study describes a confirmed case of fmd in a bear species, and the clinical signs compatible with fmd in a malayan sun bear. thirteen asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus) and 1 malayan sun bear (helarctos malayanus) were apparently affected. in august 2011, an adult bear became letha ... | 2014 | 25135011 |
| swine and rabbits are the main reservoirs of hepatitis e virus in china: detection of hev rna in feces of farmed and wild animals. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is recognized as a zoonosis. the prevalence of hev rna and anti-hev antibodies in many animal species has been reported, but the host range of hev is unclear. the aims of this study were to investigate hev infection in various animal species and to determine the reservoirs of hev. eight hundred twenty-two fecal samples from 17 mammal species and 67 fecal samples from 24 avian species were collected in china and tested for hev rna by rt-npcr. the products of pcr ... | 2015 | 26303139 |
| [diversity of faecal bacteria in several mammals by 454 high-throughput sequencing]. | the aim of this study was to analyze the diversities and differences of several mammalian' s faecal bacteria, to understand the relationships between bacterium diversities and animals' evolutionary and animals' feeds. | 2015 | 26562992 |
| nucleotide sequences of an important functional gene hnrnpa2/b1 from ailuropoda melanoleuca and ursus thibetanus mupinensis and its potential value in phylogenetic study. | the cdna fragments of hnrnpa2/b1 were cloned from the giant panda and black bear using rt-pcr method, which were, respectively, 1029bp and 1026bp in length encoding 343 and 341 amino acids. analysis indicated the cdna cloned from the giant panda encoded variant b1 while the cdna cloned from black bear encoded variant a2. analyzing the hnrnpa2b1 peptide of the giant panda and black bear, 76 glycine residues and 86 glycine residues were, respectively, found, and moreover, most glycine are concentr ... | 2014 | 24588753 |
| the primary structure of the hemoglobin of spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus, carnivora). | the complete primary structure of the alpha- and beta-chains of the hemoglobin of spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus) is presented. following cleavage of the heme-protein link and chain separation by rp-hplc, their amino-acid sequences were determined by edman degradation in liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. the hemoglobin of spectacled bear displays only five amino-acid exchanges to that of polar bear (ursus maritimus, ursinae) and asiatic black bear (ursus tibetanus, ursinae) whereas 8 and 1 ... | 1987 | 3663329 |
| patterns of livestock predation by carnivores: human-wildlife conflict in northwest yunnan, china. | alleviating human-carnivore conflict is central to large carnivore conservation and is often of economic importance, where people coexist with carnivores. in this article, we report on the patterns of predation and economic losses from wild carnivores preying on livestock in three villages of northern baima xueshan nature reserve, northwest yunnan during a 2-year period between january 2010 and december 2011. we analyzed claims from 149 households that 258 head of livestock were predated. wolves ... | 2013 | 24202281 |
| the use of camera traps to identify the set of scavengers preying on the carcass of a golden snub-nosed monkey (rhinopithecus roxellana). | there exists very limited information on the set of scavengers that feed on the carcasses of wild primates. here, we describe, based on information collected using a remote camera trap, carnivores consuming/scavenging the carcass of a wild golden snub-nosed monkey (rhinopithecus roxellana) in the laohegou nature reserve, sichuan, china. during a 3 month behavioral and ecology study of a band of golden snub-nosed monkeys (march through may 2013), we encountered the carcass of an adult male (male ... | 2014 | 24498311 |
| dna mini-barcoding for wildlife trade control: a case study on identification of highly processed animal materials. | although dna barcoding is an efficient tool for species identification, however, its efficiency is uncertain for samples having degraded dna and incomplete isolation/amplification of coi gene fragment (>500 bp). dna mini-barcoding is a solution to this problem because small dna fragment of coi genes is used for species identification. twelve highly processed, chemically treated and finished animal skin (coats, tanned skins) and fur (mufflers) samples, received from the sindh wildlife department, ... | 2016 | 27159715 |
| medicinal formulations of a kanda tribal healer--a tribe on the verge of disappearance in bangladesh. | the kanda tribe is one of the lesser known small tribes of bangladesh with an estimated population of about 1700 people (according to them), and on the verge of extinction as a separate entity. to some extent, they have assimilated with the surrounding mainstream bengali-speaking population, but they still maintain their cultural practices including traditional medicinal practices, for which they have their own tribal healers. nothing at all has been documented thus far about their traditional m ... | 2013 | 24146444 |
| combined analysis of fourteen nuclear genes refines the ursidae phylogeny. | despite numerous studies, questions remain about the evolutionary history of ursidae and additional independent genetic markers were needed to elucidate these ambiguities. for this purpose, we sequenced ten nuclear genes for all the eight extant bear species. by combining these new sequences with those of four other recently published nuclear markers, we provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of the ursidae family members. the hypothesis that the giant panda was the first speci ... | 2008 | 18328735 |
| rapid radiation events in the family ursidae indicated by likelihood phylogenetic estimation from multiple fragments of mtdna. | the bear family (ursidae) presents a number of phylogenetic ambiguities as the evolutionary relationships of the six youngest members (ursine bears) are largely unresolved. recent mitochondrial dna analyses have produced conflicting results with respect to the phylogeny of ursine bears. in an attempt to resolve these issues, we obtained 1916 nucleotides of mitochondrial dna sequence data from six gene segments for all eight bear species and conducted maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony anal ... | 1999 | 10508542 |
| molecular genetic-distance estimates among the ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. | evolutionary relationships among eight species of ursidae (including the giant panda) relative to two procyonidae species (raccoon and red panda) were estimated based on the extent of electrophoretic variation of 289 radiolabelled fibroblast proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and among 44 isozyme loci resolved by one-dimensional electrophoresis. allelic differences among these species were converted to genetic distances, and phenetic trees were constructed. in addition, the ... | 1989 | 28568545 |
| the shared preference niche of sympatric asiatic black bears and sun bears in a tropical forest mosaic. | ecologically similar species often coexist by partitioning use of habitats or resources. such partitioning can occur through divergent or shared niches. we investigated overlap in habitat use and spatial co-occurrence by sympatric asiatic black bears and sun bears in three habitats in thailand, and thereby assessed which niche model best accounts for their coexistence. | 2011 | 21283792 |
| mitochondrial genome phylogeny among asiatic black bear ursus thibetanus subspecies and comprehensive analysis of their control regions. | the complete mitochondrial genome (16,824 bp) of an asiatic black bear ursus thibetanus ussuricus (mammalia, carnivora, ursidae) was newly sequenced and characterized in detail. it is the second mitochondrial genome from this subspecies which has been completely sequenced. the two u. t. ussuricus individuals were compared with each other and then with individuals from the other four u. thibetanus subspecies and the other nine ursid species, focusing especially on the control regions in the 14 mi ... | 2010 | 20795781 |
| the primary structure of the hemoglobin of malayan sun bear (helarctos malayanus, carnivora) and structural comparison to other hemoglobin sequences. | the complete primary structure of the alpha- and beta-chains of the hemoglobin of malayan sun bear (helarctos malayanus) is presented. after cleavage of the heme-protein link and chain separation by rp-hplc, amino-acid sequences were determined by edman degradation in liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. an interesting result of this work is the demonstration that the hemoglobin of malayan sun bear is identical to the hemoglobins of polar bear (ursus maritimus) and asiatic black bear (ursus tibeta ... | 1987 | 3620104 |
| comparison of injury pattern in victims of bear (ursus thibetanus) and leopard (panthera pardus) attacks. a study from a tertiary care center in kashmir. | patients injured in bear and leopard attacks present with different patterns of injuries and have different mortality rates. a common protocol may not be suitable for the management of injuries inflicted by these two large wild animals. | 2009 | 26814769 |
| morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the newborn panther and asian black bear. | the dorsal lingual surfaces of a newborn panther (panthera pardus) and two newborn asian black bears (selenarctos thibetanus) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem). the tongues of the panther and asian black bear were about 40 mm in length and about 20 mm in width. filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were found. the filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. in the panther, the filiform papillae on margin of the lingual apex were divided i ... | 2001 | 11915359 |
| a new voluntary blood collection method for the andean bear (tremarctos ornatus) and asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus). | various training methods have been developed for animal husbandry and health care in zoos and one of these trainings is blood collection. one training method, recently widely used for blood collection in ursidae, requires setting up a sleeve outside the cage and gives access to limited blood collection sites. a new voluntary blood collection method without a sleeve was applied to the andean bear (tremarctos ornatus) and asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) with access to various veins at the sa ... | 2015 | 26197968 |
| the evolutionary history of bears is characterized by gene flow across species. | bears are iconic mammals with a complex evolutionary history. natural bear hybrids and studies of few nuclear genes indicate that gene flow among bears may be more common than expected and not limited to polar and brown bears. here we present a genome analysis of the bear family with representatives of all living species. phylogenomic analyses of 869 mega base pairs divided into 18,621 genome fragments yielded a well-resolved coalescent species tree despite signals for extensive gene flow across ... | 2017 | 28422140 |
| biochemical content of cambium of abies nephrolepis eaten by bears on the far east of russia. | the peculiarity of bears behavior of stripping of bark is typical for all species. we have described the damage to trees, by asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) and brown bear (u. arctos) in primorsky krai and by brown bears on the sakhalin island during 1998-2015. in this study, we studied the damaged bark of the tree only in cases where it was clear that part of the cambium was eaten by bears. cambium of species abies nephrolepis is the most preferred for bear consumption in primorsky krai. ... | 2017 | 28529803 |
| phylogeographic and demographic analysis of the asian black bear (ursus thibetanus) based on mitochondrial dna. | the asian black bear ursus thibetanus is widely distributed in asia and is adapted to broad-leaved deciduous forests, playing an important ecological role in the natural environment. several subspecies of u. thibetanus have been recognized, one of which, the japanese black bear, is distributed in the japanese archipelago. recent molecular phylogeographic studies clarified that this subspecies is genetically distantly related to continental subspecies, suggesting an earlier origin. however, the e ... | 2015 | 26406587 |
| seasonal changes in isoform composition of giant proteins of thick and thin filaments and titin (connectin) phosphorylation level in striated muscles of bears (ursidae, mammalia). | seasonal changes in the isoform composition of thick and thin filament proteins (titin, myosin heavy chains (myhcs), nebulin), as well as in the phosphorylation level of titin in striated muscles of brown bear (ursus arctos) and hibernating himalayan black bear (ursus thibetanus ussuricus) were studied. we found that the changes that lead to skeletal muscle atrophy in bears during hibernation are not accompanied by a decrease in the content of nebulin and intact titin-1 (t1) isoforms. however, a ... | 2015 | 25761688 |
| prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus) anesthetized with intramuscular medetomidine and zolazepam-tiletamine. | the objective of this study was to measure differences between arterial and venous blood gas parameters and to evaluate whether arterial blood gas values can be estimated from venous blood in asiatic black bears (abbs). twelve healthy captive abbs (8 males and 4 females; 8-16 years; 76.8-220 kg) were included in this study. the bears were immobilized with medetomidine and zolazepam-tiletamine using a dart gun. arterial and venous samples were collected simultaneously at 5 and 35 min after recumb ... | 2017 | 28890467 |
| the selection by the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) of spring plant food items according to their nutritional values. | the present study aimed to investigate the nutritional aspects of the bear diet quantitatively, in order to understand plant food selection in spring. bears were observed directly from april to july in 2013 and 2014, to visually recognize plant species consumed by bears, and to describe the foraging period in the ashio-nikko mountains, central japan. leaves were collected from eight dominant tree species, regardless of whether bears fed on them in spring, and their key nutritional components ana ... | 2017 | 28769668 |
| ethnozoological assessment of animals used by mon traditional medicine vendors at kyaiktiyo, myanmar. | wild animals are widely used in traditional asian medicine but information from myanmar is lacking. we show that a wide range of animals are used at a pilgrimage site, mostly for their rendered fats and oils to be used in mixed concoctions. the majority of species were sold to be used to treat aching joints, muscle ache and skin diseases. | 2017 | 28506903 |
| laparoscopic ovariectomy in the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) with the use of the sonicision™ device. | laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in two asiatic black bears ( ursus thibetanus ). bears were placed in a 20° trendelenburg position on a surgical table. a three-portal technique was used. a camera port was established 10 cm caudal to the umbilicus with a 5-mm cannula. two instrument ports were made 1 cm caudal to the umbilicus with a 5-mm cannula and 8 cm caudal to the camera port with a 12-mm cannula, respectively. the suspensory ligament, ovarian vasculature, and uterine horn tip were pr ... | 2017 | 28363060 |
| immobilization of asiatic black bears ( ursus thibetanus ) with medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine in south korea. | the asiatic black bear ( ursus thibetanus ; abb) is a globally endangered species for which a restoration program has been ongoing in south korea since 2001. however, there is little information on immobilization protocols for abbs. we evaluated the use of medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine for their immobilization. during 2005-13, we anesthetized 60 abbs (32 males, 28 females; 7 mo to 12 yr old) with medetomidine 0.03-0.045 mg/kg and zolazepam-tiletamine 1.54-2.3 mg/kg; reversal of anesthesia wa ... | 2017 | 28323561 |
| comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of black bears in china using high-throughput sequencing. | the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) is a protected species from eastern asia. in china, the asiatic black bear occurs in 17 provinces from northeast to southwest regions. to date, information on microbial diversity in the gut of the asiatic black bears from different populations remains limited. to determine the species composition and community structure of the gut microbiota in the asiatic black bear, we characterized 36 fecal samples from sichuan, yunnan, and heilongjiang provinces, chi ... | 2017 | 28028611 |
| cardiorespiratory effects of isoflurane in asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus) anesthetized with intramuscular medetomidine and zolazepam/tiletamine. | the objective of this study was to determine the dose-dependent effects of isoflurane on various cardiovascular parameters and the stable range of isoflurane concentrations in asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus). seven asiatic black bears were intramuscularly injected with medetomidine, zolazepam and tiletamine (mzt) to induce anesthesia, and anesthesia was maintained by administering isoflurane in 100% oxygen (4 l/min) without mechanical ventilation. several cardiovascular parameters were me ... | 2017 | 27725350 |
| long-term survey of cadmium and lead contamination in japanese black bears captured in iwate prefecture, japan. | cadmium and lead were measured in liver and kidney samples of 242 japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) captured from 1999 to 2014 from two local populations in japan. the median concentration of cadmium was 0.54 (mean: 0.80) mg/kg-w.w. in liver and 7.7 (mean: 11.8) mg/kg-w.w. in kidney. the median concentration of lead was 0.24 (mean: 0.40) and 0.21 (mean: 0.32) mg/kg-w.w. in liver and kidney, respectively. bears in the kita-ou local population had higher concentrations of cadmium a ... | 2016 | 27704187 |
| effective reversible immobilization of captive himalayan black bears (selenarctos thibetanus laniger) with medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam and atipamezole. | we used a combination of medetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam to immobilize five himalayan black bears (selenarctos thibetanus laniger) in bannerghatta biological park, bangalore, india. medetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam were administered at 0.01 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. we describe procedures and observations recorded during the immobilization. | 2016 | 27124333 |
| seasonal changes in the expression of energy metabolism-related genes in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in female japanese black bears. | bears undergo annual cycles in body mass: rapid fattening in autumn (i.e., hyperphagia), and mass loss in winter (i.e., hibernation). to investigate how japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) adapt to such extreme physiological conditions, we analyzed changes in the mrna expression of energy metabolism-related genes in white adipose tissues and skeletal muscle throughout three physiological stages: normal activity (june), hyperphagia (november), and hibernation (march). during hyperph ... | 2017 | 26880364 |
| conflict bear translocation: investigating population genetics and fate of bear translocation in dachigam national park, jammu and kashmir, india. | the asiatic black bear population in dachigam landscape, jammu and kashmir is well recognized as one of the highest density bear populations in india. increasing incidences of bear-human interactions and the resultant retaliatory killings by locals have become a serious threat to the survivorship of black bears in the dachigam landscape. the department of wildlife protection in jammu and kashmir has been translocating bears involved in conflicts, henceforth 'conflict bears' from different sites ... | 2015 | 26267280 |
| serial transrectal ultrasonography for monitoring the reproductive activity of the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus ussuricus). | this study evaluated the structural changes in the reproductive tract of asiatic black bears using serial transrectal ultrasonography. in addition, the ultrasonographic observations were compared with the results of vaginal cytology and hormonal analyses. the collection of blood for hormonal analysis, vaginal cytology and transrectal ultrasonography was performed in two bears (bears 1 and 2) from june 2011 to august 2013 without mating and in a third bear (bear 3) from april to december 2012, al ... | 2015 | 25522189 |
| habitat selection of a large carnivore along human-wildlife boundaries in a highly modified landscape. | when large carnivores occupy peripheral human lands conflict with humans becomes inevitable, and the reduction of human-carnivore interactions must be the first consideration for those concerned with conflict mitigation. studies designed to identify areas of high human-bear interaction are crucial for prioritizing management actions. due to a surge in conflicts, against a background of social intolerance to wildlife and the prevalent use of lethal control throughout japan, asiatic black bears (u ... | 2014 | 24465947 |
| analyses of fecal and hair glucocorticoids to evaluate short- and long-term stress and recovery of asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus) removed from bile farms in china. | demand for traditional chinese medicines has given rise to the practice of maintaining asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus) in captivity to harvest bile. we evaluated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) activity in asiatic black bears on a bile farm in china by measuring cortisol in hair. we also monitored hair and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites as bears acclimated to improved husbandry at the animals asia foundation china bear rescue center (cbrc) after removal from other bile farms. fecal ... | 2013 | 23416358 |
| hemotropic mycoplasma infection in wild black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | this is the first report on mycoplasma infection in wild bears. we report a novel hemotropic mycoplasma (also called hemoplasma) detected in a free-ranging black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) in japan. we then used real-time pcr to look for hemoplasma dna in blood samples collected from 15 bears and found that eight (53%) were positive. among these eight pcr samples, seven showed a melting temperature of around 85.5°c, while the remaining one showed a single peak at 82.26°c. almost the entir ... | 2013 | 23313325 |
| penetrating head injury with bilateral eye avulsion due to himalayan bear bite. | the himalayan black bear (ursus thibetanus or selenarctos thibetanus), although an omnivore, is more carnivorous than its american counterpart. it is also more aggressive towards humans and is a threatened species because of the deforestation in the himalayas. furthermore, poverty, encroachment of the forest, extensive deforestation, lack of education and living near the forest are factors that increase the probability of such animal injuries. we report the case of a 35-year-old woman who suffer ... | 2012 | 23216732 |
| mhc class ii dqb diversity in the japanese black bear, ursus thibetanus japonicus. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes are one of the most important genetic systems in the vertebrate immune response. the diversity of mhc genes may directly influence the survival of individuals against infectious disease. however, there has been no investigation of mhc diversity in the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus). here, we analyzed 270-bp nucleotide sequences of the entire exon 2 region of the mhc dqb gene by using 188 samples from the japanese black bear (ursus thibetanu ... | 2012 | 23190438 |
| effects of intramuscular administration of tiletamine-zolazepam with and without sedative pretreatment on plasma and serum biochemical values and glucose tolerance test results in japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | to establish a safe anesthetic protocol with little effect on blood biochemical values and iv glucose tolerance test (ivgtt) results in japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | 2012 | 22849689 |
| changes in expression of hepatic genes involved in energy metabolism during hibernation in captive, adult, female japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | hibernating bears survive up to 6 months without feeding by utilizing stored body fat as fuel. to investigate how bears maintain energy homeostasis during hibernation, we analyzed changes in mrna expression of hepatic genes involved in energy metabolism throughout the hibernation period in captive, adult, female japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). real-time pcr analysis revealed down-regulation of glycolysis- (e.g., glucokinase), amino acid catabolism- (e.g., alanine aminotransfer ... | 2012 | 22771378 |
| changes in blood glucose and insulin responses to intravenous glucose tolerance tests and blood biochemical values in adult female japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | the metabolic mechanisms to circannual changes in body mass of bears have yet to be elucidated. we hypothesized that the japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) has a metabolic mechanism that efficiently converts carbohydrates into body fat by altering insulin sensitivity during the hyperphagic stage before hibernation. to test this hypothesis, we investigated the changes in blood biochemical values and glucose and insulin responses to intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ivgtt) during ... | 2012 | 22458193 |
| laparoscopic cholecystectomy under field conditions in asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus) rescued from illegal bile farming in vietnam. | nine adult asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus) previously rescued from illegal bile farming in vietnam were examined via abdominal ultrasound and exploratory laparoscopy for liver and gall bladder pathology. three bears demonstrated notable gall bladder pathology, and minimally invasive cholecystectomies were performed using an open laparoscopic access approach, standard 10 to 12 mmhg carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and a four-port technique. a single bear required insertion of an additional ... | 2011 | 21900258 |
| estimating the success rate of ovulation and early litter loss rate in the japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) by examining the ovaries and uteri. | in order to develop a method for estimating the success/failure rates of reproductive processes, especially those of ovulation and neonate nurturing, in the japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus), we examined offspring status, corpora lutea (cls), placental scars (pss) and corpora albicantia (cas) in 159 females (0-23 years old) killed as nuisances on honshu island of japan during 2001-2009. pss were found to remain in the uterus at least until november of the year of parturition. ca d ... | 2011 | 21476488 |
| changes in plasma gonadotropins, inhibin and testosterone concentrations and testicular gonadotropin receptor mrna expression during testicular active, regressive and recrudescent phase in the captive japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | male japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus) have an explicit reproductive cycle. the objective of this study was to clarify the variation of plasma testosterone, fsh, inhibin, lh levels and testicular gonadotropin receptor mrna expression of male bears associated with their testicular activity. notably, this study investigated peripheral fsh concentration and localization of gonadotropin receptor mrnas for the first time in male bears. blood and testicular tissue samples were taken fr ... | 2010 | 20364791 |
| incidence and pattern of bear maul injuries in kashmir. | injuries due to mauling by bears are rarely reported in the literature. the high incidence of such injuries in kashmir, india, which is a valley surrounded by dense forests and is a habitat of asiatic black bears, urged us to undertake such a study in our department. | 2010 | 19733351 |
| change in body weight of mothers and neonates and in milk composition during denning period in captive japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | japanese black bears, ursus thibetanus japonicus, have been classified as a vulnerable species so that data on reproduction are needed to maintain and/or extend their population. they are known to have a peculiar style of reproduction, giving birth to their neonates and raising them during denning, a period of complete fasting. in this study, we investigated the metabolic rate and milk composition of mother bears raising neonates, and the changes in body weight of the neonates under captive cond ... | 2009 | 19593984 |
| development of a noncontact and long-term respiration monitoring system using microwave radar for hibernating black bear. | the aim of this study is to develop a prototype system for noncontact, noninvasive and unconstrained vital sign monitoring using microwave radar and to use the system to measure the respiratory rate of a japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) during hibernation for ensuring the bear's safety. ueno zoological gardens in tokyo planned to help the japanese black bear (female, approximately 2 years of age) going into hibernation. the prototype system has a microwave doppler radar antenna ( ... | 2009 | 19504598 |
| a comprehensive analysis of three asiatic black bear mitochondrial genomes (subspecies ussuricus, formosanus and mupinensis), with emphasis on the complete mtdna sequence of ursus thibetanus ussuricus (ursidae). | in the present paper, we describe the mitochondrial genome sequence of the asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus ussuricus) with particular emphasis on the control region (cr), and compared with mitochondrial genomes on molecular relationships among the bears. the mitochondrial genome sequence of u. thibetanus ussuricus was 16,700 bp in size with mostly conserved structures (e.g. 13 protein-coding, two rrna genes, 22 trna genes). the cr consisted of several typical conserved domains such as f, e, ... | 2008 | 19462516 |
| normal sperm morphology and changes of semen characteristics and abnormal morphological spermatozoa among peri-mating seasons in captive japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | the objectives of this study were to obtain morphological data for normal spermatozoa and to investigate seasonal changes (the early, mid- and post-mating seasons) in abnormal morphology of spermatozoa and the characteristics of semen in japanese black bears. semen was collected by electroejaculation from 34 captive male japanese black bears a total of 74 times. length of head, width of head, length of midpiece and total length of the spermatozoa were 6.3 +/- 0.4, 4.5 +/- 0.3, 10.4 +/- 0.7 and 6 ... | 2009 | 19194064 |
| annual changes in serum leptin concentration in the adult female japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | in the present study, assay of the serum leptin concentration of the japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) was attempted using a canine-leptin-specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the dose-response curve of the bear serum was linear and parallel to the canine leptin standard curve. in mated and unmated bears, the serum leptin concentration was stable at low levels from may to august or september, gradually increased from september or october, and then remarkabl ... | 2008 | 19122415 |
| reversible immobilization of asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) with detomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam and atipamezole. | chemical immobilization of free-ranging and captive wildlife is often required in many clinical situations. in this trial, tiletamine-zolazepam was combined with the alpha2-agonist, detomidine, in order to use the least amount of anesthetic drug possible to achieve a rapid immobilization; to ensure safety for animals and operators; and to be easily reversible with specific antagonists for a fast recovery. twelve captive asiatic black bears were anesthetized for clinical procedures, including cli ... | 2008 | 19110696 |
| leptin receptor (ob-r) expression in the ovary and uterus of the wild japanese black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus). | to verify target organ(s) of leptin in the reproductive system of the japanese black bear, we examined the expression of leptin receptor (ob-r) protein in ovaries and uteri collected from july to december 2006 by immunohistochemical techniques. eleven of 22 female japanese black bears examined had corpora lutea (cls) in their ovaries and were thought to have undergone or to have terminated delayed implantation in the early pregnancy stage. the cls were classified into 3 types based on morphologi ... | 2009 | 19106488 |