| chromosomal evolution of the canidae. i. species with high diploid numbers. | the giemsa banding patterns of seven canid species, including the grey wolf (canis lupus), the maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), the bush dog (speothos venaticus), the crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), the grey fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), the bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis), and the fennec (fennecus zerda), are presented and compared. relative to other members of canidae, these species have high diploid complements (2n greater than 64) consisting of largely acrocentric chromosomes. they ... | 1987 | 3568761 |
| application of immunoperoxidase techniques to formalin-fixed brain tissue for the diagnosis of rabies in southern africa. | two immunoperoxidase techniques, viz. avidin-biotin complex (abc) and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (pap) procedures, were applied to paraffin-wax-embedded brain-tissue sections, from brains which had been fixed in 10% formalin, to demonstrate the presence of rabies-virus antigen by light microscopy. these techniques positively identified both "viverrid" and "canid" rabies-virus antigen in tissues sections of species commonly infected with rabies virus in southern africa, viz. the domestic dog (can ... | 1994 | 7541123 |
| surveillance and control of anthrax and rabies in wild herbivores and carnivores in namibia. | anthrax has been studied intensively in etosha national park, namibia since 1966; in addition, since 1975, mortality due to rabies and all other causes has been recorded, totalling 6,190 deaths. standard diagnostic procedures demonstrated that at least 811 deaths (13%) were due to anthrax and 115 deaths (2%) were caused by rabies. of the total number of deaths due to anthrax, 97% occurred in zebra (equus burchelli), elephant (loxodonta africana), wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and springbok ... | 1993 | 8518440 |
| a canine distemper virus epidemic in serengeti lions (panthera leo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) is thought to have caused several fatal epidemics in canids within the serengeti-mara ecosystem of east africa, affecting silver-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) and bat-eared foxes (otocyon megalotis) in 1978 (ref. 1), and african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in 1991 (refs 2, 3). the large, closely monitored serengeti lion population was not affected in these epidemics. however, an epidemic caused by a morbillivirus closely related to cdv emerged abruptly in the lion p ... | 1996 | 8559247 |
| genetic characterization of feline parvovirus sequences from various carnivores. | infections with viruses of the feline parvovirus subgroup such as feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv-2) [together with its new antigenic types (cpv-2a, cpv-2b)] have been reported from several wild carnivore species. to examine the susceptibility of different species to the various parvoviruses and their antigenic types, samples from wild carnivores with acute parvovirus infections were collected. viral dna was amplified, and subsequently anal ... | 2000 | 10644832 |
| a molecular phylogeny of the canidae based on six nuclear loci. | we have reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of 23 species in the dog family, canidae, using dna sequence data from six nuclear loci. individual gene trees were generated with maximum parsimony (mp) and maximum likelihood (ml) analysis. in general, these individual gene trees were not well resolved, but several identical groupings were supported by more than one locus. phylogenetic analysis with a data set combining the six nuclear loci using mp, ml, and bayesian approaches produced a mo ... | 2005 | 16213754 |
| a molecular epidemiological study of rabies epizootics in kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros) in namibia. | a panel of 37 rabies virus isolates were collected and studied, originating mainly from the northern and central regions of namibia, between 1980 and 2003. | 2006 | 16412222 |
| divergent sapovirus strains and infection prevalence in wild carnivores in the serengeti ecosystem: a long-term study. | the genus sapovirus, in the family caliciviridae, includes enteric viruses of humans and domestic animals. information on sapovirus infection of wildlife is limited and is currently lacking for any free-ranging wildlife species in africa. by screening a large number of predominantly fecal samples (n = 631) obtained from five carnivore species in the serengeti ecosystem, east africa, sapovirus rna was detected in the spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta, family hyaenidae), african lion (panthera leo, f ... | 2016 | 27661997 |
| the bat-eared fox: a prime candidate for rabies vector? | bat-eared foxes, otocyon megalotis, are small (3-5 kg), primarily insectivorous carnivores widespread in the more arid areas of southern and east africa. for many months of the year they live in nuclear family groups, members of which frequently indulge in affiliative behaviour such as play, allogrooming, and huddling. physical contact between individuals in any particular group is thus common. in addition, groups are non-territorial and intermingle freely at times when exploiting food-rich patc ... | 1993 | 7777326 |
| bat-eared fox behavioural ecology and the incidence of rabies in the serengeti national park. | this paper provides a brief introduction into some aspects of bat-eared fox biology and social organization that is important to understanding rabies transmission and disease management in susceptible wildlife species (macdonald 1980; 1993). a detailed description of the effects of two rabies outbreaks on a population of known individuals in the serengeti national park is given, inter- and intrasexual differences in adult mortality rates are reported and discussed. | 1993 | 7777325 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in south africa. | nucleic acid sequence analysis was used to determine the phylogenetic relationships amongst rabies viruses isolated from typical canid hosts such as bat-eared fox, jackal and dog in south africa (sa). geographical factors were taken into account in the selection of isolates and three different regions within the genomes of the isolates were compared for their use as phylogenetic indicators. the three genome regions, being the cytoplasmic domain of the g-gene, the g-l intergenic pseudogene and th ... | 1993 | 7777315 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxii. ixodid ticks on domestic dogs and on wild carnivores. | ixodid ticks were collected from 4 dogs on smallholdings near grahamstown, eastern cape province, on 1 or more occasions each week for periods ranging from 9-36 months. fourteen tick species were recovered and the seasonal abundance of adult haemaphysalis leachi and adult rhipicephalus simus was determined. complete collections of ticks were made from 50 caracals (felis caracal) in the cradock, graaff-reinet and southwell regions in the eastern cape province. the animals from cradock and graaff- ... | 1987 | 3444612 |
| comparison of the myoglobin of the bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis) with that of the domestic dog (canis familiaris). | | 1976 | 793619 |
| temporal patterns of domestic and wildlife rabies in central namibia stock-ranching area, 1986-1996. | eleven years (1986-1996) of wildlife- and domestic-rabies data from the agriculture stock-ranching area of central namibia were studied using time-series analysis. nine hundred and sixty three rabies cases were observed in domestic ruminants (5.4 cases/mo), black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas, 1.3 cases/mo), domestic dogs (0.5 case/mo), and bat-eared foxes (otocyon megalotis, 0.1 case/mo). the incidence of rabies for all species did not change significantly over the whole study period. however ... | 2000 | 10665948 |
| genetic characterization of canine distemper virus in serengeti carnivores. | the lion (panthera leo) population in the serengeti ecosystem was recently afflicted by a fatal epidemic involving neurological disease, encephalitis and pneumonia. the cause was identified as canine distemper virus (cdv). several other species in the serengeti were also affected. this report presents cdv h and p gene sequences isolated from serengeti lions (panthera leo), spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta), bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis) and domestic dog (canis familiaris). sequence analyses d ... | 1998 | 9839878 |
| trichinella nelsoni in carnivores from the serengeti ecosystem, tanzania. | a survey of trichinellosis among sylvatic carnivore mammals from the serengeti ecosystem (tanzania) demonstrated the presence of trichinella nelsoni in 5 of 9 species examined. muscle samples were collected from carcasses of 56 carnivores from 1993 to 1995 and frozen before transport and examination. following artificial digestion of the samples, collected larvae were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna technique. trichinella nelsoni was identified in 1 bat-eared fox (otocyon megalo ... | 1997 | 9406805 |
| ancylostoma genettae, a. protelesis, a. somaliense: three new species from wild carnivora in the somali republic. | ancylostoma braziliense was found in somalia in acinonyx jubatus, canis familiaris, c. mesomelas, crocuta crocuta, felis catus, f. libyca, genetta genetta, otocyon megalotis, proteles cristatus; a. caninum in a. jubatus, c. familiaris, c. mesomelas, c. crocuta; a. duodenale in c. crocuta; a. iperodontatum in lynx caracal; a. paraduodenale in felis serval; a. tubaeforme in a. jubatus, f. catus, f. libyca; arthrocephalus gambiense in ichneumia albicauda; uncinaria parvibursata in mellivora capensi ... | 1995 | 8778662 |
| rabies in southern africa. | the first confirmed outbreak of rabies in africa, believed to have followed the importation of an infected dog from england in 1892, occurred in the eastern cape province of south africa, and was brought under control in 1894. an unconfirmed epidemic of rabies in dogs occurred in western zambia in 1901. by the following year the disease had apparently spread along a major trade route, to cause an outbreak in zimbabwe which engulfed most of the country before being eradicated in 1913. the existen ... | 1993 | 7777317 |
| tameness does not correlate with the learning of an appetitive association in a wild canid. | individual differences in cognition have been shown to be common in some animal taxa, and recent evidence suggests that an individual's personality can be associated with an individual's cognitive strategy. we tested whether wild bat-eared foxes otocyon megalotis differ in a risk-taking behavior (tameness) and whether this trait correlated with appetitive association learning performance. while our result shows that individuals differed in their tameness, we found no association between this per ... | 2019 | 30697239 |
| evidence of high exposure to toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging and captive african carnivores. | toxoplasma gondii is an ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite. mammals and birds are intermediate hosts and felid species are definitive hosts. in most human altered habitats the domestic cat is the predominant definitive host. current knowledge of t. gondii infection in african ecosystems is limited. this study aimed to assess exposure to t. gondii in wild carnivores in the serengeti ecosystem in east africa. carnivores can be infected by the consumption of tissue cysts when feeding on in ... | 2019 | 30740303 |
| description of four new species of haemaphysalis koch, 1844 (acari: ixodidae) from the h. (rhipistoma) spinulosa subgroup, parasites of carnivores and rodents in africa. | haemaphysalis (rhipistoma) bochkovi n. sp., h. (r.) burkinae n. sp., h. (r.) horaki n. sp. and h. (r.) walkerae n. sp. (acari: ixodidae), are described based on males and females. adults of h. bochkovi n. sp. were collected from the marsh mongoose, atilax paludinosus (cuvier) (carnivora: herpestidae) and the spotted-necked otter, hydrictis maculicollis (lichtenstein) (carnivora: mustelidae) in côte d'ivoire and liberia; adults of h. burkinae n. sp. were collected from the rusty-spotted genet, ge ... | 2019 | 31441012 |
| species-specific differences in toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti seroprevalence in namibian wildlife. | knowledge about parasitic infections is crucial information for animal health, particularly of free-ranging species that might come into contact with livestock and humans. | 2020 | 31915056 |
| hypercortisolism and diabetes mellitus secondary to a steroid cell tumor of the ovary in a bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis). | | 1997 | 9376438 |
| genetic structure, spatial organization, and dispersal in two populations of bat-eared foxes. | we incorporated radio-telemetry data with genetic analysis of bat-eared foxes (otocyon megalotis) from individuals in 32 different groups to examine relatedness and spatial organization in two populations in south africa that differed in density, home-range sizes, and group sizes. kin clustering occurred only for female dyads in the high-density population. relatedness was negatively correlated with distance only for female dyads in the high-density population, and for male and mixed-sex dyads i ... | 2013 | 24101981 |
| diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis). | severe lymphocytosis and leukocytosis were detected during examination of a 10-year-old sexually intact male bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis) with regionally extensive alopecia. | 2014 | 25459484 |
| coronavirus genotype diversity and prevalence of infection in wild carnivores in the serengeti national park, tanzania. | knowledge of coronaviruses in wild carnivores is limited. this report describes coronavirus genetic diversity, species specificity and infection prevalence in three wild african carnivores. coronavirus rna was recovered from fresh feces from spotted hyena and silver-backed jackal, but not bat-eared fox. analysis of sequences of membrane (m) and spike (s) gene fragments revealed strains in the genus alphacoronavirus, including three distinct strains in hyenas and one distinct strain in a jackal. ... | 2013 | 23212740 |
| wildlife population dynamics in human-dominated landscapes under community-based conservation: the example of nakuru wildlife conservancy, kenya. | wildlife conservation is facing numerous and mounting challenges on private and communal lands in africa, including in kenya. we analyze the population dynamics of 44 common wildlife species in relation to rainfall variation in the nakuru wildlife conservancy (nwc), located in the nakuru-naivasha region of kenya, based on ground total counts carried out twice each year from march 1996 to may 2015. rainfall in the region was quasi-periodic with cycle periods dependent on the rainfall component an ... | 2017 | 28103269 |
| the origin of the lower fourth molar in canids, inferred by individual variation. | an increase in tooth number is an exception during mammalian evolution. the acquisition of the lower fourth molar in the bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis, canidae, carnivora, mammalia) is one example; however, its developmental origin is not clear. in some canids (canidae), individual variation exist as supernumerary molar m4. this study focuses on the acquisition of the lower fourth molar in canids and proposes that the inhibitory cascade model can explain its origin. | 2016 | 27843722 |
| cytogenetic studies and karyotype nomenclature of three wild canid species: maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis) and fennec fox (fennecus zerda). | we have analysed the chromosomes of three wild and endangered canid species: the maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), the bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis) and the fennec fox (fennecuszerda) using classical and molecular cytogenetic methods. for the first time detailed and encompassing descriptions of the chromosomes are presented including the chromosomal assignment of nucleolar organizer regions and the 5s rrna gene cluster. we propose a karyotype nomenclature with ideograms including more than ... | 2008 | 18544923 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies in bat-eared foxes (otocyon megalotis) in south africa. | a panel of 124 rabies viruses from wildlife host species (principally the bat-eared fox, otocyon megalotis) and domestic carnivore species were collected between 1980 and 2005 from a region of south africa associated with endemic bat-eared fox rabies. we have studied the molecular epidemiology of bat-eared fox rabies by virtue of nucleotide sequence analyses of pcr amplicons specific to the variable g-l intergenic region as well as the conserved nucleoprotein gene of each of the rabies viruses i ... | 2007 | 17537536 |