| the restraint of the cape hunting dog lycaon pictus with phencyclidine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride. | phencyclidine hcl and ketamine hcl were used as immobilizing agents on six captive cape hunting dogs. both drugs were suitable and three dogs immobilized with ketamine hcl at a dosage rate of 7 mg/kg had smoother and shorter recovery periods than the three animals immobilized with phencyclidine hcl. | 1979 | 551190 |
| hand-rearing of cape hunting dog lycaon pictus pups. | problems encountered in the hand-rearing of cape hunting dogs are discussed. it is felt that these could be minimised by avoiding stress, by rearing pups as close to natural circumstances as in possible, by applying sound husbandry techniques and by keeping the pups together. | 1979 | 551203 |
| the transmission of canine ehrlichiosis to the wild dog lycaon pictus (temminck) and black-backed jackal canis mesomelas schreber. | canine ehrlichiosis was successfully transmitted from the domestic dog to three wild dogs lycaon pictus and three black-backed jackals canis mesomelas. wild dogs showed symptoms of anorexia and depression as well as anaemia, leucopaenia and mild thrombocytopaenia. black-backed jackals were asymptomatic. morulae of ehrlichicia canis were found in peripheral blood smears from all experimental animals. the disease was also successfully transmitted from black-backed jackal to the domestic dog. | 1979 | 553960 |
| echinococcosis (hydatodosis) in wild animals of the kruger national park. | echinococcosis has been diagnosed in the following wild species in the kruger national park : lion, panthera leo, spotted hyena, crocuta crocuta, cape hunting dog, lycaon pictus, burchell's zebra, equus burchelli antiquorum, buffalo, syncerus caffer, hippopotamus, hippopotamus amphibius, and impala, aepyceros melampus. infestation rates in the herbivores vary from 60% in zebra to less than 1% in impala. species like elephant, loxodonta africana, and blue wildebeest, connochaetes taurinus, do not ... | 1975 | 1219111 |
| the myoglobin of the cape hunting dog (lycaon pictus). | tryptic and other peptides from the myoglobin of the cape hunting dog (lycaon pictus) have been aligned with the sequence of the myoglobin of the domestic dog. one amino acid difference was found which was confirmed by dansyl-edman degradation. the five carnivore myoglobins now known have been integrated into an evolutionary cladogram, trying to trace the pathways of mutations, and a possible ancestral myoglobin for the carnivores has been constructed. | 1976 | 1252462 |
| mandibulodental allometry in the african wild dog, lycaon pictus. | mandibulodental relations were evaluated in a sample of 34 adult lycaon pictus crania (18 males, 16 females). standard mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements, together with 8 mandibular measurements (intercondylar distance, intercarnassial breadth, mandibular length, arch length, condylar height, canine-condylar length, mandibular width, mandibular height) were allometrically scaled to total skull length. these results were then compared with those of domestic dogs and of 3 smaller southern a ... | 1992 | 1294562 |
| antibody response to canine distemper vaccine in african wild dogs. | antibody levels against canine distemper virus were measured by means of an immunofluorescent antibody test prior to, and after, administration of a modified-live virus booster vaccine to seven african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). positive seroconversion with no harmful side-effects was seen in all the animals. | 1992 | 1512877 |
| fatal acute babesiosis in a juvenile wild dog (lycaon pictus). | clinical examination of a 75-day-old captive juvenile wild dog suffering from lassitude revealed pale mucous membranes, icterus, laboured respiration, a "water-hammer" pulse and splenomegaly. a peripheral blood smear containing numerous babesia-infected erythrocytes confirmed the diagnosis of babesiosis. treatment was unsuccessful and the animal died shortly after receiving a blood transfusion. the findings at necropsy were typical for acute babesiosis and included anaemia, icterus, splenomegaly ... | 1992 | 1569540 |
| antibody response to modified-live canine adenovirus vaccine in african hunting dogs (lycaon pictus). | nine hunting dogs were bled pre and post vaccination with modified-live virus vaccine. their antibody responses to canine adenovirus type 1 was measured by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. the vaccine proved to be both effective and safe. | 1991 | 1659069 |
| immobilization of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) with a tiletamine hydrochloride/zolazepam hydrochloride combination and subsequent evaluation of selected blood chemistry parameters. | a tiletamine hydrochloride/zolazepam hydrochloride combination was used successfully to immobilize captive untamed wild dogs (lycaon pictus) (n = 16) at dosage rates ranging from 2.3 to 32.3 mg/kg. animals remained immobilized for periods ranging from 35 min to 24 hr 14 min. there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.85, p less than 0.01) between dosage rate and the time immobilized. profuse salivation and intermittent mild myoclonal contractions were observed in some wild dogs. mildly ... | 1991 | 2067044 |
| vaccine-associated canine distemper infection in a litter of african hunting dogs (lycaon pictus). | four, 57 days old, african hunting dog puppies (lycaon pictus) from one litter died within three weeks following vaccination with modified-live canine distemper virus (cdv) and killed canine adenovirus type 1, canine parvovirus and leptospira icterohemorrhagiae and canicola. 18 days post vaccination, the animals developed neurologic disease characterized by episodes of grand mal seizures and circling. macroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed acute systemic cdv infection ... | 1990 | 2385981 |
| distemper-like disease and encephalitozoonosis in wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | clinical signs of a fatal disease resembling those of canine distemper were observed in two groups of captive wild dog (lycaon pictus) pups 13 days after vaccination with a commercially available combination vaccine for dogs which contained a live attenuated strain of canine distemper virus. histopathological examination of tissues revealed the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in neurons and lesions resembling canine distemper as well as colonies of an encephalitozoon sp. in the central ... | 1989 | 2492610 |
| basic haematological values in carnivores--i. the canidae, the hyaenidae and the ursidae. | basic haematological values for 32 animals of four carnivore species are reported. in six adult wolves (canis lupus) the mean values estimated for the erythrocyte count 7.48 x 10(12)/l, haematocrit 0.465/l, haemoglobin 172.0 g/l and leukocyte counts 7.33 x 10(9)/l are given. for five young wolves, these parameters were markedly decreased, only the white cell count was raised. in 14 hunting dogs (lycaon pictus) the mean values estimated are: erythrocyte count 9.15 x 10(12)/l haematocrit 0.435/l, ... | 1987 | 2882894 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxii. ixodid ticks on domestic dogs and on wild carnivores. | ixodid ticks were collected from 4 dogs on smallholdings near grahamstown, eastern cape province, on 1 or more occasions each week for periods ranging from 9-36 months. fourteen tick species were recovered and the seasonal abundance of adult haemaphysalis leachi and adult rhipicephalus simus was determined. complete collections of ticks were made from 50 caracals (felis caracal) in the cradock, graaff-reinet and southwell regions in the eastern cape province. the animals from cradock and graaff- ... | 1987 | 3444612 |
| effect of hyperthermia on heat balance during running in the african hunting dog. | | 1971 | 5545695 |
| [field studies on the sociology of the hyena-hunting dog (lycaon pictus lupinus thomas 1902)]. | | 1965 | 5893865 |
| hydatid disease in the turkana district of kenya. iii. the significance of wild animals in the transmission of echinococcus granulosus, with particular reference to turkana and masailand in kenya. | the results are given of a study on the role of wildlife in the transmission of echinococcus granulosus in the turkana and narok districts of kenya. a total of 76 wild carnivores belonging to three separate species was examined from turkana district. echinococcus adults were found in 11 of 38 silver-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) and in six of 22 golden jackals (canis aureus). this is the first record of golden jackals being infected with this parasite in kenya. none of 16 spotted hyaenas (cro ... | 1983 | 6882057 |
| serum antibody levels before and after administration of live canine distemper vaccine to the wild dog lycaon pictus. | antibodies against canine distemper virus were determined before and after the administration of a live canine distemper virus vaccine to 16 wild dogs lycaon pictus. antibody levels were either very low or non-detectable. the results were inconclusive. | 1980 | 7241502 |
| the transmission of babesia canis to the wild dog lycaon pictus (temminck) and black-backed jackal canis mesomelas schreber. | babesia canis was successfully transmitted from the domestic dog to 3 wild dogs lycaon pictus and 4 black-backed jackals canis mesomelas. both wild dogs and black-backed jackals showed no clinical signs or clinical pathological evidence of disease. trophozoites of babesia canis were found in peripheral blood smears from all experimental animals. the disease was also successfully transmitted from both black-backed jackals and wild dogs to the domestic dog. | 1980 | 7252967 |
| the role of integumental glands in the social and mating behaviour of the hunting dog lycaon pictus (temminck, 1820). | the marking and mating behaviour of captive hunting dogs, lycaon pictus, is described. urine scent-marking was the most frequent marking behaviour observed, but anal dragging, body-rolling and body-rubbing were also recorded. the mating behaviour was typical of that of canidae but the copulatory tie in this case was of very short duration. there was a dense accumulation of sebaceous glands in the praeputium and these secretions are probably important in the urine scent-marking. there is no tail ... | 1981 | 7279386 |
| an investigation into the health status and diseases of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the kruger national park. | many factors have been cited as possible reasons for the decline in the number of wild dogs (lycaon pictus), but few studies have provided supportive data. between 1990 and 1993, the dynamics of 10 wild dog packs in the southern district of the kruger national park in south africa were monitored. casual observations of the causes of disease and mortality in the entire population were also recorded. during the same period, 46 wild dogs were immobilised, weighed, and subjected to physical examinat ... | 1995 | 7629782 |
| the wild dog (lycaon pictus): a new host for ancylostoma caninum. | faecal nematode egg counts performed on one captive and 49 free-ranging wild dogs (lycaon pictus) revealed the presence of eggs of ancylostoma spp. in 12 (24%) of the animals. the captive wild dog pup showed anorexia, general malaise, pale mucous membranes and black stools. adult male and female ancylostoma caninum were recovered from an approximately 3-month-old pup which died of distemper-like disease and a 9-year-old severely debilitated captive wild dog. a single adult a. caninum was also re ... | 1994 | 7745585 |
| african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) endangered by a canine distemper epizootic among domestic dogs near the masai mara national reserve, kenya. | a longitudinal study of canine distemper (cd) among domestic dogs on malsai communal land to the north of the masai mara national reserve in kenya was conducted from 1989 to 1991. prevalence of antibodies to cd was very low among domestic dogs in 1989 and 1990 (4%, n = 49; and 1%, n = 119, respectively) and no african wild dogs (lycaon pictus; n = 16) collected simultaneously from the same area had detectable antibodies. among 51 domestic dogs sampled in 1991, however, prevalence of cd antibodie ... | 1994 | 7760475 |
| rabies and wildlife: a conservation problem? | understanding the behavioural ecology of wild mammals in rabies epizootics is a prerequisite to scientifically sound management of the disease. the principal vectors of wildlife rabies in a region tend to be abundant representatives of the carnivora. although the population dynamics of these species may be radically affected by rabies, and by attempts to control it, they are generally not threatened with widespread extinction as a result. however, the cases of the blanford's fox, vulpes cana, th ... | 1993 | 7777319 |
| social systems and behaviour of the african wild dog lycaon pictus and the spotted hyaena crocuta crocuta with special reference to rabies. | differences in the social systems and behaviour of two potentially important hosts of rabies, the african wild dog and the spotted hyaena, may lead to differences in the epizootiology of the disease in the two species. wild dogs are highly social animals in which pack members are in constant physical contact with each other, but in which inter-pack interactions are rare. spotted hyaenas are more flexible in their social systems and behaviour. clan members interact less frequently than do wild do ... | 1993 | 7777328 |
| rabies in the masai mara, kenya: preliminary report. | a serosurvey of rabies antibodies among domestic dogs (canis familiaris, n = 178), spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocuta, n = 72) and african wild dogs (lycaon pictus, n = 18) of the masai mara, kenya, was carried out. rabies antibodies were found in 9.6% of the domestic dog sera, but all wild dog and hyaena sera were negative. rabies has been confirmed in this region among the above species as well as in a domestic cat (felis catus) and a cow (bos indicus) by fluorescent antibody tests (fat) and/or ... | 1993 | 7777329 |
| aspects of rabies infection and control in the conservation of the african wild dog (lycaon pictus) in the serengeti region, tanzania. | lycaon pictus is amongst the most endangered wildlife species in africa. in 1990 rabies virus was isolated from the brain of an adult lycaon found dead in the serengeti region of tanzania. one adult and six pups of the same pack feeding on the carcass showed clinical signs and rabies was suspected; within two days they had disappeared and are presumed to have died. subsequently, two lycaon packs in the serengeti national park were given inactivated rabies vaccine either by dart or by parenteral ... | 1993 | 7777330 |
| molecular genetic and morphological analyses of the african wild dog (lycaon pictus). | african wild dog populations have declined precipitously during the last 100 years in eastern africa. the possible causes of this decline include a reduction in prey abundance and habitat; disease; and loss of genetic variability accompanied by inbreeding depression. we examined the levels of genetic variability and distinctiveness among populations of african wild dogs using mitochondrial dna (mtdna) restriction site and sequence analyses and multivariate analysis of cranial and dental measurem ... | 1993 | 7903676 |
| evidence of natural bluetongue virus infection among african carnivores. | bluetongue is an international office of epizootics list a disease described as the century's most economically devastating affliction of sheep. bluetongue (blu) viruses were thought to infect only ruminants, shrews, and some rodents, but recently, inadvertent administration of blu virus-contaminated vaccine resulted in mortality and abortion among domestic dogs. we present evidence of natural blu virus infection among african carnivores that dramatically widens the spectrum of susceptible hosts ... | 1994 | 7985748 |
| the use of museum specimens to reconstruct the genetic variability and relationships of extinct populations. | in this review, we discuss the use of dna from museum specimens to address conservation genetic questions. we provide four examples from our previous studies of the northern hairy-nosed wombat, african wild dog, ethiopian wolf and red wolf. these species were genetically surveyed using two molecular approaches: first, analysis of short sequences in the mitochondrial genome using species-specific primers, and second, analysis of hypervariable microsatellite loci. the studies demonstrate that muse ... | 1994 | 8020615 |
| rabies in african wild dogs of tanzania. | | 1994 | 8028123 |
| demography, extinction and intervention in a small population: the case of the serengeti wild dogs. | the effects of ecological factors (prey, competitors, predators and disease) and intervention (immobilization, radio-collaring, and vaccination) on population size and demography were investigated in serengeti wild dogs (lycaon pictus), an endangered canid, between 1965 and 1991. variation in ecological factors explained most changes in demography, but did not explain a decline in adult longevity. a significant reduction in pack life and individual longevity was coincident with the introduction ... | 1994 | 8058803 |
| [clinical experience and comparison of ketamine-medetomidine with ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in the african wild dog (lycaon pictus) in captivity]. | the effects of two mixtures, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-medetomidine, were compared in anesthesia of african wild dog (lycaon pictus) in the zoo park at dvůr králové; the effects of these combinations were also investigated on the triad values and on the basic hematological (red blood counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin content, derived parameters mcm, mchc, mcv, white blood counts, differential blood counting) and biochemical (total proteins, glucose, creatinine, urea, cholesterol, magnesium, ca ... | 1993 | 8236638 |
| sarcocystis-like organisms in musculature of a domestic dog (canis familiaris) and wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in kenya. | three of six wild dogs (lycaon pictus) which died of rabies, and one alsatian dog which died of adenocarcinoma, were found to harbour sarcocysts in their cardiac and/or skeletal muscles. the bradyzoites and metrocytes of the cysts were smaller than those seen in a lion infected with microbesnoitia leoni and the common sarcocystis spp. found in ruminants. it is proposed that lycaon pictus is the natural intermediate host of the unidentified sarcocystis-like species. | 1993 | 8249244 |
| rabies in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the serengeti region, tanzania. | rabies was confirmed as the cause of death of one african wild dog (lycaon pictus) in the serengeti region, tanzania. one adult african wild dog in the same pack showed central nervous signs consistent with rabies infection. inactivated rabies vaccine was administered intramuscularly to african wild dogs in two packs, by dart or by hand following anesthesia. these individuals comprised all known adults in the serengeti national park. in a limited study of seroprevalence of rabies antibody carrie ... | 1993 | 8355341 |
| handling-induced stress and mortalities in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | recently it was suggested that the handling of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) by researchers in the serengeti ecosystem created stress, resulting in the reactivation of latent rabies viruses in carrier animals. we present data from ongoing studies on free-ranging and captive wild dogs elsewhere in africa which do not support this hypothesis. cortisol profiles suggest that immobilization of wild dogs does not cause the chronic stress required for stress-reactivation of latent viruses. furthermore, the ... | 1995 | 8524913 |
| local extinction in a small and declining population: wild dogs in the serengeti. | altered assumptions about how different ecological factors limit population numbers may lead to different conclusions about the causes of decline and ultimate extinction of a small population. here, alternative hypotheses for the local disappearance of the serengeti plains study population of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) are examined in light of observations of density dependence, deterministic decline and frequent rapid fluctuations in population number. after a population crash from 60 in ... | 1995 | 8524914 |
| rabies and african wild dogs in kenya. | three packs of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) ranging to the north of the masai mara national reserve in southwestern kenya were monitored from 1988 to 1990. during a six week period (august 2-september 14, 1989), 21 of 23 members of one of these packs died. histological examination of two brain samples revealed eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (negri bodies), supporting a diagnosis of rabies viral encephalitis. an additional brain sample tested positive for rabies with a fluorescent ... | 1995 | 8524915 |
| population dynamics, intervention and survival in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | the demography of serengeti wild dog study packs and their extinction in 1991 was documented by burrows et al. (1994). one explanation for pack loss compatible with demographic evidence was viral disease induced by stress caused by intervention (vaccination, immobilization and radio-collaring). several studies claim to reject this hypothesis. however, cortisol levels measured in immobilized lycaon, whose pathogen exposure is unknown, do not demonstrate that interventions in the serengeti were be ... | 1995 | 8524916 |
| a canine distemper virus epidemic in serengeti lions (panthera leo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) is thought to have caused several fatal epidemics in canids within the serengeti-mara ecosystem of east africa, affecting silver-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) and bat-eared foxes (otocyon megalotis) in 1978 (ref. 1), and african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in 1991 (refs 2, 3). the large, closely monitored serengeti lion population was not affected in these epidemics. however, an epidemic caused by a morbillivirus closely related to cdv emerged abruptly in the lion p ... | 1996 | 8559247 |
| rabies among african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the masai mara, kenya. | a pack of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) ranging to the north of the masai mara national reserve in southwestern kenya was monitored from 1988 to 1989. during a 6-week period (august 1-september 13, 1989), 21 of 23 members of this pack died. seven carcasses were retrieved, of which 4 were suitable for necropsy and histopathologic examination. gross findings varied among individuals and included multiple bite wounds, synovitis, lymphadenopathy, submandibular, cervical, and vocal cord edema, bl ... | 1996 | 8953525 |
| social dynamics and the cortisol response to immobilization stress of the african wild dog, lycaon pictus. | the aims of the study were to characterize the cortisol response to immobilization stress in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) and to investigate the relationship between stress and sociality in these pack-living canids. ad lib. observations were made on a captive pack of 19 wild dogs. individuals were classified as either dominant or subordinate. cardinal and ordinal dominance indices were also calculated for pack members, as were three other behavioral indices. active and passive dominance sty ... | 1997 | 9109594 |
| disease and mortality in captive wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | a retrospective survey on the causes of disease and death in captive wild dogs (lycaon pictus) (n = 87) presented for examination and investigation from 1983 to 1995, revealed that 50 were less than a week old, 13 were between a week and 1 year of age, 7 were less than 5 years old, and 6 were older than 5 years. the age of 11 adult dogs could not be determined. the cause of death could not be determined in the majority of neonates but 37 probably died of exposure and 13 of septicaemia and pulmon ... | 1996 | 9120858 |
| aspects of rabies epidemiology in tsumkwe district, namibia. | aspects of rabies epidemiology were investigated in the tsumkwe district, namibia, during december 1993 and january 1994. a cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey for rabies antibodies was carried out in domestic (n = 70) and wild dogs [lycaon pictus (n = 6)]. an overall seroprevalence rate of 30% was found in domestic dogs, but it must be borne in mind that seroconversion can result from infections from either rabies or rabies-related viruses. older dogs were more likely to be seropositive ... | 1997 | 9204502 |
| serosurvey for selected viral diseases and demography of african wild dogs in tanzania. | african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) are endangered, with only 3,000-5,000 remaining in the wild. it is believed that wild dogs are unusually vulnerable to viral diseases, particularly rabies and canine distemper (cdv). however, canine distemper has been confirmed by laboratory diagnosis in only one free-living wild dog. the 43,000 km2 selous game reserve (sgr; tanzania) holds approximately 900 adult wild dogs. in a study area of 2,600 km2, the population maintained high density (> or = 1 dog/20.5 ... | 1997 | 9391968 |
| seroepidemiological survey of sympatric domestic and wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tsumkwe district, north-eastern namibia. | disease is a potential threat to many endangered populations and may originate from sympatric domestic species. this paper describes a cross-sectional serological survey of canine pathogens carried out in domestic (n = 70) and wild dogs (lycoan pictus) (n = 6), in tsumkwe district, northeastern namibia. evidence of past exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and parainfluenza virus was evident in both wild and domestic dogs with this, the first, documented exposure of free-living ... | 1997 | 9551484 |
| evaluating adrenal activity in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) by fecal corticosteroid analysis. | a noninvasive corticosteroid hormone monitoring technique was validated for use in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). the double-antibody 125i radioimmunoassay for corticosterone was validated by demonstrating parallelism between serial dilutions of wild dog fecal extracts and the standard curve, recovery of corticosterone added to fecal extracts, and the time course of fecal corticoid excretion after an exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) challenge. all feces were collected from three ... | 1998 | 9732025 |
| recovery of sarcocystis oocysts from a free-ranging wild dog (lycaon pictus) | | 1998 | 9760395 |
| birth order, estrogens and sex-ratio adaptation in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | because the sex of mammals is chromosomally determined, populations generally produce a similar proportion of males and females. however, it has been recognized for more than century that individuals might increase their fitness by over-producing offspring of one sex, under certain conditions. small biases in the secondary sex ratio are seen in many vertebrates. here, we report that the sex ratio of primiparous african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) is strongly biased in favor of sons (63%), while mu ... | 1998 | 9835385 |
| rabies in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the madikwe game reserve, south africa. | | 2000 | 10678814 |
| oral and dental conditions in adult african wild dog skulls: a preliminary report. | skulls of 29 adult african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) originating from museum collections were examined for evidence of oral pathology. a wide variety of conditions similar to those seen in the domestic dog were detected. although other reports suggest that captive african wild dogs suffer more extensively from dental disease than those in the wild, we conclude that these wild carnivores suffer from the same oral diseases as their domestic relatives, suggesting that a natural diet does not protec ... | 1999 | 10863513 |
| [molecular phylogeny of canidae using mitochondrial cytochrome b dna sequences]. | 372 bp mitochondrial cytochrome b dna of blue fox, red fox, raccoon dog, and wolf were sequenced. combined with the dna fragments of dog, simien fox, and african wild dog, sequences were aligned and analyzed. there are 113 nucleotide sites substituted (30%). molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by nj method suggests that african wild dog is the earliest divergent. wolf, dog, and simien fox which belong to genus canis are combined into one branch which diverged earlier than raccoon dog, red fo ... | 2000 | 10883533 |
| serum concentrations of vitamin d metabolites, vitamins a and e, and carotenoids in six canid and four ursid species at four zoos. | nutritional status for six captive canid species (n=34) and four captive ursid species (n=18) were analyzed. the species analyzed included: african wild dog (lycaon pictus), arctic fox (alopex lagopus), gray wolf (canis lupus), maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), mexican wolf (canis lupus baleiyi), red wolf (canis rufus), brown bear (ursus arctos), polar bear (ursus maritimus), spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus), and sun bear (ursus malayanus). diet information was collected for these animals ... | 2001 | 11137448 |
| isoflurane anaesthesia in an african wild dog, lycaon pictus. | anaesthesia was required in a captive female african wild dog (lycaon pictus) for surgical wound treatment. after it was immobilised with a medetomidine-ketamine combination, bradycardia, hypothermia, systolic hypertension and metabolic acidosis were observed. surgical anaesthesia was maintained with a 1% end-tidal isoflurane concentration. a decrease in the arterial blood pressure, rectal temperature and ph occurred during maintenance of anaesthesia. | 2000 | 11212937 |
| patterns of population subdivision, gene flow and genetic variability in the african wild dog (lycaon pictus). | african wild dogs are large, highly mobile carnivores that are known to disperse over considerable distances and are rare throughout much of their geographical range. consequently, genetic variation within and differentiation between geographically separated populations is predicted to be minimal. we determined the genetic diversity of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequences and microsatellite loci in seven populations of african wild dogs. analysis of mtdna nucleotide diversity sugge ... | 2001 | 11472538 |
| regular exposure to rabies virus and lack of symptomatic disease in serengeti spotted hyenas. | we report a previously unrecognized complexity to the ecology of rabies in wildlife. rabies-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies in spotted hyenas, the most numerous large carnivore in the serengeti ecosystem (tanzania, east africa), revealed a high frequency of exposure of 37.0% to rabies virus, and reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr demonstrated rabies rna in 13.0% of hyenas. despite this high frequency, exposure neither caused symptomatic rabies nor decreased survival among members of hyena soc ... | 2001 | 11742089 |
| establishment of assisted reproduction technologies in female and male african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | transrectal ultrasonography, electroejaculation and cryopreservation of spermatozoa were applied to the african wild dog (lycaon pictus) to establish non-invasive protocols for assessing the reproductive health of one of the most endangered african canids. transrectal ultrasonography was performed on immobilized male (n = 2) and female (n = 5) captive wild dogs. the testes and epididymides of the male dogs were imaged transcutaneously, followed by electrostimulation and cryopreservation of sperm ... | 2001 | 11787168 |
| distemper outbreak and its effect on african wild dog conservation. | in december 2000, an infectious disease spread through a captive breeding group of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tanzania, killing 49 of 52 animals within 2 months. the causative agent was identified as canine distemper virus (cdv) by means of histologic examination, virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and nucleotide sequencing. this report emphasizes the importance of adequate protection against infectious diseases for the successful outcome of capt ... | 2002 | 11897078 |
| development of a bait and baiting system for delivery of oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | the objective of the study was to develop a bait and baiting system capable of delivering one effective dose of oral rabies vaccine to each member of a free-ranging african wild dog (lycaon pictus) pack. trials were conducted between june and october 2000. the results of cafeteria-style bait preference trials testing seven candidate baits in captive wild dogs revealed a significant preference for chicken heads (june trials: p = 0.023, september trials: p = 0.021). trials using a topical biomarke ... | 2002 | 12038135 |
| clinical and serological response of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) to vaccination against canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection and rabies. | wild dogs lycaon pictuis (n = 8) were vaccinated 4 times against canine distemper (n = 8) (initially with inactivated and subsequently with live attenuated strains of canine distemper) and canine parvovirus infection (n = 8) over a period of 360 days. four of the wild dogs were also vaccinated 3 times against rabies using a live oral vaccine and 4 with an inactivated parenteral vaccine. commercially-available canine distemper, canine parvovirus and parenteral rabies vaccines, intended for use in ... | 2002 | 12088076 |
| induction of contraception in some african wild carnivores by downregulation of lh and fsh secretion using the gnrh analogue deslorelin. | the gnrh analogue deslorelin, in long-acting biocompatible implants, was used as a contraceptive in 31 cheetahs (13 females and 18 males), 21 african wild dogs (15 females and 6 males), 10 lionesses and four leopards (three females and one male). a dose of 12 or 15 mg deslorelin was administered to lions, whereas 6 mg deslorelin was administered to the other species. monitoring consisted of observations, measurement of plasma progesterone and testosterone concentrations, vaginal cytology and eva ... | 2002 | 12220163 |
| seroconversion in captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) following administration of a chicken head bait/sag-2 oral rabies vaccine combination. | this study determined the proportion of captive juvenile and adult african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) that developed protective titres of rabies neutralising antibodies following ingestion of a chicken head bait/sag-2 oral rabies vaccine combination. a single chicken head containing 1.8 ml of sag-2 vaccine (10(8.0) tcid50/ml) in a plastic blister was fed to each of eight adult and three juvenile wild dogs. bait ingestion resulted in a significant rise in serum neutralising antibody titres. overal ... | 2003 | 12825684 |
| african wild dogs test the 'survival of the fittest' paradigm. | charles darwin first used the term 'survival of the fittest' in the 5th edition of the origin of species. a literal interpretation implies that predators will selectively prey upon the weakest members of a population. we demonstrate that this is true for african wild dogs hunting impala. | 2003 | 12952636 |
| communal food distribution and division of labour in african hunting dogs. | | 1965 | 14265288 |
| serum lipid concentrations in six canid and four ursid species in four zoos. | serum lipid levels were measured in healthy captive wild canids and ursids, and the values were compared with previously published data. serum lipid levels were evaluated in blood samples collected from eight african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), three arctic foxes (alopex lagopus), nine gray wolves (canis lupus), four maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus), two mexican wolves (canis lupus baleiyi), nine red wolves (canis rufus), two brown bears (ursus arctos), six polar bears (ursus maritimus), six ... | 2004 | 15193071 |
| immunogenicity of an inactivated oil-emulsion canine distemper vaccine in african wild dogs. | the immunogenicity of an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine against canine distemper virus was evaluated in nine captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). antibody levels were determined by neutralization test in vero cells. no significant local or systemic adverse reactions were observed in the animals. virus neutralizing antibody levels >1:20 were detected, especially in animals that were vaccinated twice. the use of oil adjuvants is suggested as a good way to enhance the immune response to ina ... | 2004 | 15362839 |
| evaluation of a rapid single multiplex microsatellite-based assay for use in forensic genetic investigations in dogs. | to develop a set of microsatellite markers, composed of a minimal number of these markers, suitable for use in forensic genetic investigations in dogs. | 2004 | 15524334 |
| studies of male reproduction in captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | implementation of assisted breeding in the captive african wild dog is restricted by a current lack of knowledge on their reproductive physiology and the apparent difficulty of effectively manipulating the complex social dynamic of the pack in order to conduct reproductive procedures. in this study, we describe protocols for the safe and repeated capture and restraint of the african wild dog (n=7) as well as techniques for assessment of male reproductive function, semen collection and preservati ... | 2007 | 16987622 |
| endometrial polyp in an african wild dog (lycaon pictus). | an 8-year-old female african wild dog (lycaon pictus) from a zoo in gyeonggi province, republic of korea presented with a 3.0 x 2.0 x 2.5 cm in size, smooth-surfaced, solitary pedunculated mass protruding into the uterine lumen. microscopically, the mass was covered with epithelium, contained endometrial gland tissue, and was dilated in the vascularised stroma. within the mass, there was extensive diffuse haemorrhage with several blood vessels apparently plugged with fibrin. at the base of the m ... | 2006 | 17054482 |
| anesthesia of captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) using a medetomidine-ketamine-atropine combination. | seven captive male african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) weighing 25-32 kg each, were anesthetized by i.m. injection via hand syringe with a combination of 1.5 mg/kg ketamine, 40 microg/kg medetomidine, and 0.05 mg/kg atropine. following endotracheal intubation, each animal was connected to a bain closed-circuit system that delivered 1.5% isoflurane and 2 l/min oxygen. atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg i.v.; 0.1 mg/kg i.m.) was given at the end of each procedure (60 min following injection of medetomidine/keta ... | 2006 | 17312795 |
| results of wellness examinations of 28 african hunting dog (lycaon pictus) puppies at the denver zoological foundation. | since 2002 the denver zoological foundation has produced 28 african hunting dog (lycaon pictus) puppies in 3 litters (7, 14 and 7 pups) from the same dam and sire. wellness examinations were performed on each puppy. the wellness examinations spanned the range of 6-14 weeks of age. during the wellness examinations, in addition to physical examinations and vaccinations, blood samples for complete blood counts and sera biochemistry were obtained. weights, morphometric measurements, rectal cultures ... | 2007 | 17665764 |
| emergence of lyssaviruses in the old world: the case of africa. | rabies has a long history of occurrence throughout africa, spanning hundreds of years. at least four distinct lyssavirus species persist throughout the continent, among carnivores, bats and other mammals. rabies virus is the most cosmopolitan member, with primary reservoirs within dogs and mongoose, but other wildlife vectors are important in viral maintenance, such as jackals. besides a prominent toll on humans and domestic animals, the disease has an underappreciated role in conservation biolo ... | 2007 | 17848065 |
| predator-prey size relationships in an african large-mammal food web. | 1. size relationships are central in structuring trophic linkages within food webs, leading to suggestions that the dietary niche of smaller carnivores is nested within that of larger species. however, past analyses have not taken into account the differing selection shown by carnivores for specific size ranges of prey, nor the extent to which the greater carcass mass of larger prey outweighs the greater numerical representation of smaller prey species in the predator diet. furthermore, the top- ... | 2008 | 18177336 |
| achilles' heel of sociality revealed by energetic poverty trap in cursorial hunters. | this study empirically tests two foundation ecological theories: (1) pack hunting is a driver for the evolution of sociality; and (2) species have a finite energy potential, whereby increased maintenance costs result in decreased reproductive effort. using activity and prey data from 22 packs of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), we parameterized a model detailing the energetic cost/benefit of cooperative hunting. larger pack size increased foraging time, prey size, and capture probability while ... | 2008 | 18729728 |
| molecular detection of babesia rossi and hepatozoon sp. in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in south africa. | blood specimens from wild dogs (n=301) were obtained from de wildt cheetah and wildlife centre (pretoria) and five game reserves (4 in the north-west province and 1 in limpopo province), south africa. specimens were screened for babesia, theileria, hepatozoon and ehrlichia/anaplasma species using pcr and reverse line blot (rlb) assays. positive results were obtained in 18 (6%) wild dogs. sixteen specimens were found positive for babesia rossi and two dogs were hepatozoon sp. positive. it appears ... | 2008 | 18752897 |
| dynamics of a small re-introduced population of wild dogs over 25 years: allee effects and the implications of sociality for endangered species' recovery. | we analysed 25 years (1980-2004) of demographic data on a small re-introduced population of endangered african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in hluhluwe-imfolozi park (hip), south africa, to describe population and pack dynamics. as small populations of cooperative breeders may be particularly prone to allee effects, this extensive data set was used to test the prediction that, if allee effects occur, aspects of reproductive success, individual survival and population growth should increase with pac ... | 2008 | 18781334 |
| artificial insemination in canids: a useful tool in breeding and conservation. | artificial insemination (ai) and semen freezing have become services available to dog owners worldwide, and the demand for services to freeze semen is increasing. in other canids such as the fox, the fur industry utilizes fresh or frozen semen to artificially inseminate vixens to produce pelts. clearly, ai facilitates the use of a male to sire several females by diluting the ejaculate, increases breeding hygiene, and allows crossing between species with slightly different breeding seasons. the a ... | 2009 | 18947865 |
| multi-host pathogens and carnivore management in southern africa. | a retrospective serosurvey of multi-host feline and canine viruses among carnivore species in southern africa (n=1018) identified widespread pathogen exposure even in remote protected areas. in contrast to mortality experienced in east african predators, canine distemper virus (cdv) infection among african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in botswana was not associated with identifiable change in pup survivorship or disease related mortality of adults. a disease outbreak of unknown aetiology occurred i ... | 2010 | 19038454 |
| comparative thermoregulation and the quest for athletic supremacy. | there are a number of different strategies used by animals to effectively deal with the changing environment. the various thermoregulatory strategies employed by mammals can be a critical factor determining the survival and physical performance in a range of conditions. however, it is not readily appreciated that mammals regulate their body temperature in different ways and it is usually assumed that the mechanisms for temperature regulation are very similar amongst all endotherms. in this chapt ... | 2008 | 19208996 |
| development of a field-friendly technique for fecal steroid extraction and storage using the african wild dog (lycaon pictus). | hormonal analysis provides information about wildlife populations, but is difficult to conduct in the field. our goal was to develop a rapid and effective field method for fecal steroid analysis by comparing: (1) three extraction methods (laboratory (lab), homogenize (ho) and handshake (hs)) and (2) two storage methods (solid-phase extraction (spe) tubes vs. plastic tubes (pt)). samples (n=23) from captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) were thoroughly mixed, three aliquots of each were weigh ... | 2010 | 19382160 |
| advances in reproductive science for wild carnivore conservation. | knowledge about reproduction is critical for predicting the viability of wildlife populations in nature and for managing breeding programmes in captivity. intensive species-based studies are the priority, because reproductive mechanisms are extraordinarily diverse, even within the same taxonomic family. carnivores deserve more attention as such species are highly vulnerable to environmental change and human persecution. the present review provides contemporary illustrations of how reproductive s ... | 2009 | 19754535 |
| periaortic haemangiosarcoma in an african wild dog (lycaon pictus). | a 9-year-old apparently healthy male african wild dog (lycaon pictus) was found dead in its enclosure at the de wildt cheetah and wildlife centre. necropsy revealed a pericardium distended by approximately 250 ml of thick blood. a soft, red, lobulated mass was attached to the periaortic fat between the level of the aortic valves and the pericardial reflection. histologically, the mass was consistent with a haemangiosarcoma. other findings in the heart included mild to moderate ventricular hypert ... | 2009 | 19831274 |
| the effects of husbandry training on stereotypic pacing in captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | to examine the effects of operant conditioning on stereotypic pacing in 3 female african wild dogs located at the franklin park zoo in boston, this study made recordings of pacing behavior immediately following individual sessions of husbandry training and 2 no-training conditions. the study found significant differences in the percentage of observations spent in stereotypic pacing behaviors for all 3 dogs among the 3 different conditions. the authors discuss the data in terms of the contributio ... | 2010 | 20017046 |
| intrapartum uterine rupture with coincidental uterine adenomyosis in an african wild dog (lycaon pictus). | a 7-yr-old african wild dog (lycaon pictus) multiparous bitch experienced severe dystocia and death one day after the onset of parturition. necropsy revealed three placental attachments in the right uterine horn and one in the left. a full-thickness rupture of the right horn at the middle placental attachment and an autolysed fetus free in the abdomen were present. death was attributed to hypovolemic and endotoxemic shock after uterine rupture. myometrium adjacent to the rupture and in the left ... | 2009 | 20063828 |
| fatal canine distemper infection in a pack of african wild dogs in the serengeti ecosystem, tanzania. | in 2007, disease related mortality occurred in one african wild dog (lycaon pictus) pack close to the north-eastern boundary of the serengeti national park, tanzania. histopathological examination of tissues from six animals revealed that the main pathologic changes comprised interstitial pneumonia and suppurative to necrotizing bronchopneumonia. respiratory epithelial cells contained numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and multiple syncytial cells were found throughout the p ... | 2010 | 20684868 |
| molecular epidemiology of giardia duodenalis in an endangered carnivore--the african painted dog. | the african painted dog (lycaon pictus) is an endangered carnivore of sub-saharan africa. to assist in conservation efforts a parasitological survey was conducted on wild and captive populations. faecal samples were collected and examined for the presence of parasites using traditional microscopy techniques. the protozoan giardia duodenalis was identified at a prevalence of approximately 26% in the wild populations and 62% in the captive population. molecular characterisation of these isolates u ... | 2010 | 20851525 |
| why is southern african canine babesiosis so virulent? an evolutionary perspective. | abstract: canine babesiosis is a common, highly virulent disease in southern africa with even pups and juveniles being severely affected. this contrasts with bovine babesiosis, for example, where host, parasite and vector co-evolved and young animals develop immunity after infection without showing clinical signs. babesia rossi, the main causative organism of canine babesiosis in sub-saharan africa, was first described from a side-striped jackal (canis adustus) in kenya. although data are meagre ... | 2011 | 21489239 |
| minimizing predation risk in a landscape of multiple predators: effects on the spatial distribution of african ungulates. | studies that focus on single predator-prey interactions can be inadequate for understanding antipredator responses in multi-predator systems. yet there is still a general lack of information about the strategies of prey to minimize predation risk from multiple predators at the landscape level. here we examined the distribution of seven african ungulate species in the fenced karongwe game reserve (kgr), south africa, as a function of predation risk from all large carnivore species (lion, leopard, ... | 2011 | 21618919 |
| contact with domestic dogs increases pathogen exposure in endangered african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | infectious diseases have contributed to the decline and local extinction of several wildlife species, including african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). mitigating such disease threats is challenging, partly because uncertainty about disease dynamics makes it difficult to identify the best management approaches. serious impacts on susceptible populations most frequently occur when generalist pathogens are maintained within populations of abundant (often domestic) "reservoir" hosts, and spill over into ... | 2012 | 22238695 |
| rabies virus and canine distemper virus in wild and domestic carnivores in northern kenya: are domestic dogs the reservoir? | rabies virus (rv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) can cause significant mortality in wild carnivore populations, and rv threatens human lives. we investigated serological patterns of exposure to cdv and rv in domestic dogs (canis familiaris), african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas), spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta), striped hyenas (hyaena hyaena) and african lions (panthera leo), over a 10-year period, in a kenyan rangeland to assess the role domestic dogs may ... | 2012 | 23459924 |
| non-adaptive phenotypic evolution of the endangered carnivore lycaon pictus. | decline in wild populations as a result of anthropogenic impact is widely considered to have evolutionary consequences for the species concerned. here we examine changes in developmental stability in the painted hunting dog (lycaon pictus), which once occupied most of sub-saharan africa but has undergone a dramatic population decline in the last century. fluctuating asymmetry (fa) was used as an indicator of developmental stability and measured in museum skull specimens spanning a hundred year p ... | 2013 | 24086298 |
| landscape suitability in botswana for the conservation of its six large african carnivores. | wide-ranging large carnivores often range beyond the boundaries of protected areas into human-dominated areas. mapping out potentially suitable habitats on a country-wide scale and identifying areas with potentially high levels of threats to large carnivore survival is necessary to develop national conservation action plans. we used a novel approach to map and identify these areas in botswana for its large carnivore guild consisting of lion (panthera leo), leopard (panthera pardus), spotted hyae ... | 2014 | 24949735 |
| assessing the potential threat landscape of a proposed reintroduction site for carnivores. | this study provides a framework to assess the feasibility of reintroducing carnivores into an area, using african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) as an example. the great fish river nature reserve in the eastern cape province, south africa, has been identified as a potential reserve to reintroduce wild dogs, and we applied this framework to provide a threat assessment of the surrounding area to determine potential levels of human-wildlife conflict. although 56% of neighbouring landowners and local com ... | 2015 | 25822468 |
| prevalence and diversity of babesia, hepatozoon, ehrlichia, and bartonella in wild and domestic carnivores from zambia, africa. | a molecular survey was conducted for several hemoparasites of domestic dogs and three species of wild carnivores from two sites in zambia. three babesia spp. were detected including babesia felis and babesia leo in lions (panthera leo) and a babesia sp. (similar to babesia lengau) in spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) and a single lion. all wild dogs (lycaon pictus) and domestic dogs were negative for babesia. high prevalences for hepatozoon were noted in all three wild carnivores (38-61%) and in ... | 2014 | 24363181 |
| serological detection of infection with canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus in communal dogs from zimbabwe. | domestic dogs are common amongst communities in sub-saharan africa and may serve as important reservoirs for infectious agents that may cause diseases in wildlife. two agents of concern are canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv), which may infect and cause disease in large carnivore species such as african wild dogs and african lions, respectively. the impact of domestic dogs and their diseases on wildlife conservation is increasing in zimbabwe, necessitating thorough assessmen ... | 2014 | 25686382 |
| duration of immunity in red wolves (canis rufus) following vaccination with a modified live parvovirus and canine distemper vaccine. | there is growing information available regarding duration of immunity for core vaccines in both domestic and nondomestic species. vaccination protocols in nondomestic canids have frequently followed guidelines developed for the domestic dog; however, these protocols can be inappropriate for nondomestic canids such as the african wild dog (lycaon pictus), leaving some animals susceptible to infectious disease and others at risk for contracting vaccine-induced disease. in this study, red wolves (c ... | 2014 | 25314821 |
| comparison of oral and intramuscular recombinant canine distemper vaccination in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | a series of three doses of recombinant canary-pox-vectored canine distemper virus vaccine was administered at 1-mo intervals, orally (n = 8) or intramuscularly (n = 13), to 21 previously unvaccinated juvenile african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) at the wildlife conservation society's bronx zoo. titers were measured by serum neutralization at each vaccination and at intervals over a period of 3.5-21.5 mo after the initial vaccination. all postvaccination titers were negative for orally vaccinated an ... | 2013 | 24450046 |
| rabies, canine distemper, and canine parvovirus exposure in large carnivore communities from two zambian ecosystems. | disease transmission within and among wild and domestic carnivores can have significant impacts on populations, particularly for threatened and endangered species. we used serology to evaluate potential exposure to rabies virus, canine distemper virus (cdv), and canine parvovirus (cpv) for populations of african lions (panthera leo), african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) in zambia's south luangwa national park (slnp) and liuwa plain national park (lpnp) as well ... | 2013 | 23805791 |
| single- versus double-dose rabies vaccination in captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | the immune responses of 35 captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) to an inactivated rabies virus vaccine were evaluated. seventeen animals received one 1-ml dose of inactivated rabies vaccine administered intramuscularly, while 18 received two 1-ml doses given simultaneously but at different injection sites. sera were collected from all animals prior to vaccination and intermittently from a subset of animals between 3 and 49 mo postvaccination. rabies neutralizing serum antibody titers were m ... | 2015 | 26667524 |
| spatial and temporal avoidance of risk within a large carnivore guild. | within a large carnivore guild, subordinate competitors (african wild dog, lycaon pictus, and cheetah, acinonyx jubatus) might reduce the limiting effects of dominant competitors (lion, panthera leo, and spotted hyena, crocuta crocuta) by avoiding them in space, in time, or through patterns of prey selection. understanding how these competitors cope with one other can inform strategies for their conservation. we tested how mechanisms of niche partitioning promote coexistence by quantifying patte ... | 2017 | 28070283 |