| gingival hyperplasia induced by diphenylhydantoin in a gorilla. | an adult male lowland gorilla had been treated with diphenylhydantoin for 6 months following several acute convulsive episodes. the gorilla remained clinically normal during that period. then, for no apparent reason, it refused its usual diet. physical examination revealed acute inflammatory gingival hyperplasia. full mouth gingivectomy and antibiotic and analgesic therapy resolved the oral inflammation and the anorexia. | 1979 | 521383 |
| the distribution of sequences complementary to human satellite dnas i, ii and iv in the chromosomes of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orang utan (pongo pygmaeus). | human satellite dnas i, ii and iv were transcribed to yield radioactive complementary rnas (crnas). these crnas were hybridised to metaphase chromosomes of man, chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orang utan (pongo pygmaeus). the results of this in situ hybridisation were analysed quantitatively and compared with accepted chromosome homologies based on giemsa banding patterns. the crna to satellite ii (crnaii) did not hybridise to chimpanzee chromosomes, although its hybr ... | 1977 | 561680 |
| acute pyelonephritis in an adult gorilla (gorilla gorilla). | | 1978 | 633836 |
| patterns of oestrogen and testosterone excretion during pregnancy in a gorilla (gorilla gorilla). | oestrogen and testosterone concentrations in the urine were determined by radioimmunoassay. total oestrogen concentrations rose from 25 ng/mg creatinine in the non-pregnant animal to a mean of about 2 microgram/mg creatinine in the 50 days before term. there was a significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between oestrogen and testosterone concentrations until 11 days before parturition. | 1978 | 690968 |
| cesarean delivery in a gorilla. | a mature lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla) in the los angeles zoo had destroyed 3 successive infants. to avoid a recurrence, active intervention was instituted during its 4th pregnancy. the period of gestation was estimated by physical examination, radiography, and amniocentesis. intrauterine growth was followed by serial ultrasonographic cephalometry. when fetal maturity was achieved, as determined by amniotic fluid phospholipid profile, the fetus was delivered by cesarean section. | 1978 | 738933 |
| male parental behavior in a captive group of lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | in this captive gorilla group, which resembled the central core of the free-ranging gorilla groups, the adult male exhibited a persistent interest in infants. his affiliation patterns with particular infants were directly related to his affiliation patterns with the infants' mothers. the data suggest that development of strong affiliation bonds with particular females may be a strategy uded by dominant males, in addition to ostracism of nondominant males, to increase paternity confidence. by inv ... | 1978 | 758092 |
| the location of dna homologous to human satellite iii dna in the chromosomes of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orang utan (pongo pygmaeus). | radioactive rna with sequences complementary to human dna satellite iii was hybridised in situ to metaphase chromosomes of the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), the gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and the orangutan (pongo pygmaeus). a quantitative analysis of the radioactivity, and hence of the chromosomal distribution of human dna satellite iii equivalent sequences in the great apes, was undertaken, and the results compared with interspecies chromosome homologies based upon giemsa banding patterns. in so ... | 1977 | 880842 |
| a review of the diets of captive gorillas (gorilla gorilla). | it is clear that most zoos feed their gorillas a principally frugivorous diet, while the diets of wild gorilla populations are undoubtedly basically herbivorous. the primary food plant of western and eastern lowland gorillas is aframomum, and blancou (1955) even maintains that these plants possess active parasiticidal qualities, but this subscription is not borne out by recent research. however, it is possible that another plant food, combretum, could have some propensities as a deparasitant. ma ... | 1976 | 1028348 |
| dental prophylaxis for a lowland gorilla. | | 1976 | 1051774 |
| cyclicity in tumescence of the perineal labia of female lowland gorillas. | the first group norms on the periodic occurrence of tumescence in the perineal labia of female lowland gorillas were obtained in 9 captive subjects. individual mean cycle lengths for 8 adult females in 2 experiments ranged from 25.9-36.3 days with overall means of 31.1 and 32.5 days. the one subadult female had a mean cycle length of 40.7 days. the median and modal duration of maximal labial tumescence were 1.8 and 1 day, respectively. data from 3 animals on which menses were recorded during 6 c ... | 1975 | 1119706 |
| adoption of an additional infant by a western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | a 10-year-old western lowland gorilla, already caring for her own 14-month-old son, adopted a female neonate. the infant's mother (aged 7 years, 4 months) showed no interest in the infant, and it is unclear whether she abandoned the infant or whether it was seized by the dominant foster-mother. the foster-mother gave more maternal attention to the adoptee than to her own son but gave both infants the same protection. she adjusted her forms of transport to the age of each infant. the subadult mot ... | 1992 | 1427502 |
| comparative anatomy of the primate major histocompatibility complex dr subregion: evidence for combinations of drb genes conserved across species. | the class ii region of the human major histocompatibility complex (hla) is made up of three major subregions designated dr, dq, and dp. with the aim of gaining an insight into the evolution and stability of dr haplotypes, a total of 63 cosmid clones were isolated from the dr subregion (gogo-dr) of a western lowland gorilla. all but one of these cosmid clones were found to fall into two clusters. the larger cluster, a, was defined by 41 overlapping cosmid clones and contained a drb gene segment m ... | 1992 | 1427850 |
| in vitro fertilization and gamete micromanipulation in the lowland gorilla. | our purpose was to utilize current reproductive technologies to treat an infertile female lowland gorilla. | 1992 | 1472815 |
| genital swelling in females of the monogamous gibbon, hylobates (h.) lar. | cyclical changes in the vulvae of five adult lar gibbons (hylobates [h.] lar) were studied and compared with those of eight lowland gorillas. the results reveal that the gibbons have relatively conspicuous and specialized sexual swellings that alter shape and appearance during the ovarian cycle. at maximum extent, the genital swellings of gorillas are relatively and absolutely smaller than those of gibbons, and lack the distinctive coloration seen in the genital swellings of the smaller apes. we ... | 1992 | 1530056 |
| hemizona assay for measuring zona binding in the lowland gorilla. | the hemizona assay is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the binding potential of spermatozoa to zonae pellucida and has been used to predict fertilization potential in the human. in this study, frozen-thawed gorilla spermatozoa were coincubated with human hemizonae to evaluate tight binding and to assess the use of human zonae in evaluating sperm fertility. matching hemizonae were incubated with human sperm to serve as a control. for evaluation of binding studies in a homologous system, matchin ... | 1992 | 1571161 |
| foraging profiles of sympatric lowland gorillas and chimpanzees in the lopé reserve, gabon. | comparison of the diets of sympatric gorillas and chimpanzees allows an analysis of niche separation between these two closely related species. qualitatively, their diets are similar, being dominated by an equally diverse array of fruit species complemented with vegetative plant parts, seeds and insects. gorillas eat more vegetative plant parts than do chimpanzees, but niche separation is most obvious in periods of fruit scarcity when the two species show different strategies that reduce competi ... | 1991 | 1685576 |
| bacterial histiocytic colitis in a lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | | 1991 | 1722927 |
| penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes by ejaculated cryopreserved gorilla spermatozoa. | semen obtained by electroejaculation from two lowland gorillas were cryopreserved in test yolk to evaluate the ability of spermatozoa to penetrate zona-free hamster oocytes. thawed semen was processed through a two-layer percoll density gradient to obtain motile spermatozoa for the spa. the processed sperm penetrated greater than 25% of the zona-free hamster oocytes. thus, the use of test yolk to cryopreserve gorilla semen and processing the thawed semen through percoll gradient to concentrate m ... | 1991 | 1743348 |
| gorilla major histocompatibility complex-drb pseudogene orthologous to hla-drbviii. | the hla-dr4 haplotype consists of four drb genes: drb1*04, drbvii, drbviii, and drb4*01, arranged in this order on the chromosome. the drb1 and drb4 genes code for beta chains of the alpha beta heterodimers expressed on the cell surface and bearing the hla-dr4 and hla-drw53 determinants, respectively; the drbvii and drbviii are pseudogenes. we found and sequenced a gene closely related to hla-drbviii in the genome of the lowland gorilla "sylvia." we designate this gene gogo-drb8. the close relat ... | 1991 | 1774200 |
| possible osteomyelitis of skull causes death of a wild lowland gorilla in the lopé reserve, gabon. | the remains of a juvenile gorilla, apparently dead for 3-4 days, were found in the lopé reserve, gabon. the skull was recovered and showed a chronic lesion involving the insertion of the masseter muscle, consistent with chronic osteomyelitis. | 1991 | 1787531 |
| the veterinary management of a laryngeal air sac infection in a free-ranging mountain gorilla. | a purulent laryngeal air sac infection was diagnosed in a free-ranging adult male mountain gorilla (gorilla gorilla beringei) in central africa. successful treatment included the administration of antibiotics via blow dart and surgical drainage in the field. this case occurred during an outbreak of respiratory disease of undetermined etiology in this and other gorillas in the population. | 1991 | 1787532 |
| ankylosing spondylitis in nonhuman primates: the drill and the siamang. | nonhuman primates are known to be susceptible to many of the arthritides that afflict humans. psoriatic like spondyloarthropathies have been reported in gorillas and skeletal hyperostosis in gibbons, rhesus monkeys, and gorillas, and additional cases of both of these conditions occurring in drills (baboons) are noted in this report. one western lowland gorilla and two rhesus monkeys with clinical features consistent with ankylosing spondylitis have been documented previously. two additional nonh ... | 1991 | 1788553 |
| resolution of the african hominoid trichotomy by use of a mitochondrial gene sequence. | mitochondrial dna sequences encoding the cytochrome oxidase subunit ii gene have been determined for five primate species, siamang (hylobates syndactylus), lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla), pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus), crab-eating macaque (macaca fascicularis), and green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), and compared with published sequences of other primate and nonprimate species. comparisons of cytochrome oxidase subunit ii gene sequences provide clear-cut evidence from the mitochondrial g ... | 1991 | 1996358 |
| a chimpanzee-derived chromosome-specific alpha satellite dna sequence conserved between chimpanzee and human. | we describe a cloned 2.7 kb alpha satellite sequence, pan-3, from the pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus) that specifically hybridizes in situ to chromosome 19 in the pygmy chimpanzee and to the homeologous human chromosome, no. 17. using high stringency conditions of hybridization on southern blots, this sequence hybridized to dna from both species of chimpanzee (p. paniscus and p. troglodytes) and from human but not to dna from gorilla (gorilla gorilla) or orangutan (pongo pygmaeus). partial seque ... | 1991 | 2040204 |
| chromosomal assignment of a large trna gene cluster (trna(leu), trna(gln), trna(lys), trna(arg), trna(gly)) to 17p13.1. | a cluster of trna genes (trna(uagleu), trna(cuggln), trna(uuulys), trna(ucuarg)) and an adjacent trna(gccgly) have been assigned to human chromosome 17p12-p13.1 by in situ hybridization using a 4.2 kb human dna fragment for trna(leu), trna(gln), trna(lys), trna(arg), and, for trna(gly), 1.3 kb and 0.58 kb human dna fragments containing these genes as probes. this localization was confirmed and refined to 17p13.100-p13.105 using a somatic cell hybrid mapping panel. preliminary experiments with th ... | 1991 | 2066114 |
| characterization of cr1- and membrane cofactor protein-like proteins of two primates. | we have identified and characterized c3b binding proteins of two primates, orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) and gorilla (gorilla gorilla). detergent solubilized 125i surface-labeled e and pbmc were subjected to affinity chromatography with homologous or human ic3/c3b. these ligands bound a 225,000 single chain protein from orangutan e and pbmc and a 220,000 protein from gorilla e. proteins of the same mr were immunoprecipitated by a rabbit polyclonal and two murine mab to the human cr1 (cd35). the c3b ... | 1990 | 2140391 |
| the intestinal faunas of man and mountain gorillas in a shared habitat. | the primate fauna of the impenetrable (bwindi) forest in southwest uganda includes both man and the mountain gorilla gorilla gorilla beringei. the intestinal parasite faunas of these two species were described by examining faecal samples. of 16 parasites in the combined fauna only one, strongyloides fuelleborni, was shared by both host species. | 1990 | 2260897 |
| typhlitis due to balantidium coli in captive lowland gorillas. | typhlitis caused by balantidium coli and requiring surgical resection occurred in three captive lowland gorillas over a 30-month period. not one of the other gorillas in the colony or their keepers was ill. b. coli is distributed widely geographically and widely among mammals. asymptomatic commensalism predominates, but invasion of the colonic mucosa can produce diarrhea and dysentery and set the stage for local or systemic spread. | 1990 | 2267484 |
| ribosomal rna gene sequences and hominoid phylogeny. | sequences totaling 3,500 bases from the 28s rrna gene and from one of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (its1) have been determined for human, chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), and orangutan (pongo pygmaeus). analyses of the rrna alignments show (1) a clustering of substitutions in the "variable regions" of the 28s gene, (2) a 1.5-3-fold increase in divergence in the transcribed spacer over that in the exon, and (3) that human and chimpanzee are the most closely r ... | 1990 | 2359361 |
| serological evidence for variation in the incidence of herpesvirus infections in different species of apes. | sera from captive lowland gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and gibbons were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibody to herpesviruses serologically related to human herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), a baboon virus (sa8), and a macaque herpesvirus (b virus). the incidence of herpesvirus antibodies varied considerably among the different species, gorillas having the highest incidence of seropositivity (65.4%) and orangutans the lowest. the virus specifi ... | 1989 | 2546978 |
| plasma alpha-tocopherol, retinol, cholesterol, and mineral concentrations in captive gorillas. | vitamins a, e, cholesterol, and mineral (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, sodium, and zinc) concentrations were examined in the plasma of 74 captive lowland gorillas aged newborn to 41 years. effects of age or sex on measured parameters were not significant. plasma mg and ca concentrations were lower than reported captive gorilla means, whereas na and p were higher. since comparative gorilla values for certain blood components (vitamins e and a, copper, and selenium) are l ... | 1989 | 2716040 |
| evolution of four human y chromosomal unique sequences. | four cloned unique sequences from the human y chromosome, two of which are found only on the y chromosome and two of which are on both the x and y chromosomes, were hybridized to restriction enzyme-treated dna samples of a male and a female chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), and pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina); and a male orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) and gibbon (hylobates lar). one of the human y-specific probes hybridized only to male dna among the humans and great ap ... | 1987 | 2822940 |
| chromosomal assignment of a glutamic acid transfer rna (trnaglu) gene to 1p36. | a gene for trnaglu has been assigned to human chromosome 1p36 by in situ hybridisation using a [3h]-labelled or biotinylated 2.4-kb (human) dna fragment containing a trnaglu gene as a probe. with the biotinylated dna probe a secondary statistically significant site of hybridisation was observed at 1q21-22 which might represent a pseudogene or related sequence. in fibroblasts from gorilla (gorilla gorilla) using biotin labelling, a single site of hybridisation occurred at 1qter which provides fur ... | 1989 | 2912885 |
| calicivirus isolation from three species of primates: an incidental finding. | calicivirus isolations were made from 3 species of subhuman primates. viruses were recovered from gingival lesions associated with periodontal disease in a spider monkey, from the oropharynx of a healthy silver leaf langur, and from the spleen of a lowland gorilla that had died of systemic coccidioidomycosis. based on the results of cross-neutralization tests, all 3 isolates were serologically indistinguishable from a primate calicivirus pan paniscus type 1. these isolations appeared to be incid ... | 1985 | 2998241 |
| t-cell lymphoma associated with immunologic evidence of retrovirus infection in a lowland gorilla. | | 1985 | 3001008 |
| monitoring the menstrual cycle of humans and lowland gorillas based on urinary profiles of bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone and steroid metabolites. | a sensitive and specific in vitro granulosa cell aromatase bioassay was adapted to measure bioactive fsh (bio-fsh) levels in urine samples. urinary levels of bio-fsh, immunoreactive lh, estrone conjugates, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (pdg) were measured in first morning urine samples during the menstrual cycle in six cycling women and four lowland gorillas. the cycle length of women was relatively constant [28 +/- 1 (+/- sd) days], but varied from 28-38 days for lowland gorillas; the length o ... | 1987 | 3102537 |
| phylogenetic relations of humans and african apes from dna sequences in the psi eta-globin region. | sequences from the upstream and downstream flanking dna regions of the psi eta-globin locus in pan troglodytes (common chimpanzee), gorilla gorilla (gorilla), and pongo pygmaeus (orangutan, the closest living relative to homo, pan, and gorilla) provided further data for evaluating the phylogenetic relations of humans and african apes. these newly sequenced orthologs [an additional 4.9 kilobase pairs (kbp) for each species] were combined with published psi eta-gene sequences and then compared to ... | 1987 | 3116671 |
| molecular systematics of higher primates: genealogical relations and classification. | we obtained 5' and 3' flanking sequences (5.4 kilobase pairs) from the psi eta-globin gene region of the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) and combined them with available nucleotide data. the completed sequence, representing 10.8 kilobase pairs of contiguous noncoding dna, was compared to the same orthologous regions available for human (homo sapiens, as represented by five different alleles), common chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), and orangutan (pongo pygmaeus). the nucl ... | 1988 | 3174657 |
| handedness and bimanual coordination in the lowland gorilla. | one could hypothesize from previous studies that gorillas, as a group, might show a right-hand preference, making this species an exception among nonhuman primates. a study of 10 captive gorillas observed while reaching for food and tested on unimanual and bimanual tasks does not support this conclusion. instead, the present study found (a) a symmetrical distribution of subjects with right-hand (n = 3), left-hand (n = 3), and no hand preference (n = 4) when simply reaching for food and (b) a lef ... | 1988 | 3179697 |
| lingual abscess in a lowland gorilla. | | 1986 | 3505998 |
| an allometric study of the frontal sinus in gorilla, pan and pongo. | there is considerable speculation about the role and significance of the paranasal sinuses in the hominoidea, and this study aims to present new data about an old problem from cephalograms of dried crania. measurements of frontal sinus volumes were determined for gorilla gorilla gorilla; g. gorilla beringei and pan troglodytes. by adopting an allometric approach it was determined that the frontal sinus volume of gorilla is relatively smaller than that of pan, and that the frontal sinus of g. g. ... | 1986 | 3583154 |
| casual observations on the philtrum of the lowland gorilla. | | 1985 | 3976266 |
| intensive care management of an infant lowland gorilla: complications. | | 1985 | 4077670 |
| antibodies to human and simian viruses in the gorilla (gorilla gorilla). | | 1969 | 4237321 |
| hematologic and blood chemistry data for the gorilla (gorilla gorilla). | | 1972 | 4650701 |
| anomaly of the hallux in a lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla savage and wyman). | | 1971 | 5104507 |
| sedation for transportation of a lowland gorilla. | | 1971 | 5106375 |
| discrimination reversal skills of the lowland gorilla (gorilla g. gorilla). | | 1971 | 5145020 |
| observations on the teeth of the mountain gorilla (gorilla gorilla beringei). | | 1971 | 5540495 |
| urinary estrogen excretion during pregnancy in a gorilla (gorilla gorilla). | | 1968 | 5686514 |
| [muscles and joints of the anterior extremity of a gorilla (gorilla gorilla savage et wyman, 1847)]. | | 1965 | 5886652 |
| the idiogram of the lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | | 1967 | 6031171 |
| an albino lowland gorilla from rio muni, west africa, and notes on its adaptation to captivity. | | 1967 | 6055275 |
| nomenclature of the "eastern lowland gorilla". | | 1967 | 6061808 |
| nomenclature of the "eastern lowland gorilla". | | 1967 | 6061809 |
| extensive polymorphism in the mitochondrial dna of apes. | ape species are 2-10 times more variable than the human species with respect to the nucleotide sequence of mtdna, even though ape populations have been smaller than the human population for at least 10,000 years. this finding was made by comparing purified mtdnas from 27 individuals with the aid of 25 restriction endonucleases; for an additional 59 individuals, comparisons were made with fewer enzymes by using the blot hybridization method. the amount of intraspecific sequence divergence was gre ... | 1981 | 6273863 |
| spontaneous generalized herpesvirus hominis infection of a lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | a 13-day-old lowland gorilla died from a generalized herpesvirus infection shortly after the onset of clinical signs. the pathologic-anatomical findings were compatible with those described for generalized herpes simplex infection in the human neonate. electron microscopic examination of lung tissue revealed the presence of herpesvirus which was identified with the fluorescent antibody technique as herpes simplex virus type i. tests with related sera of the herpes group (varicella, herpesvirus-b ... | 1981 | 6279853 |
| urinary estrogen excretion during pregnancy in the gorilla (gorilla gorilla), orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) and the human (homo sapiens). | urinary estrogen components were separated, identified and quantified throughout the pregnancy of the gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) and compared to estrogen levels in normal human pregnancies. fetal and neonatal adrenals from each species were also compared in terms of weight and relative amounts of fetal zone. the results demonstrate that gorillas and chimpanzees excrete 4- to 5-fold less estrogen during pregnancy than the human and orangutan which are similar to each ... | 1983 | 6404315 |
| the intestinal entodiniomorph ciliates of wild lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in gabon, west africa. | examination of 109 fecal samples from wild lowland gorillas revealed the presence of five species of entodiniomorph ciliates: troglodytella abrassarti, troglodytella gorillae, and three unclassified species. these latter three species were also found in the feces of a captive gorilla in gabon and are considered to be intestinal parasites or commensals. | 1983 | 6438333 |
| individual and evolutionary variation of primate ribosomal dna transcription initiation regions. | a 16-kilobase region surrounding the transcription initiation site for ribosomal dna and including the entire ribosomal dna transcription unit has been characterized in man and compared in higher primates. restriction analysis of ribosomal dna from the pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus), the common chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), the gorilla (gorilla gorilla), the orangutan (pongo pygmaeus), the gibbon (hylobates lar), and the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) allows a primate phylogeny to be constructe ... | 1984 | 6599965 |
| the sequence of the gorilla fetal globin genes: evidence for multiple gene conversions in human evolution. | two fetal globin genes (g gamma and a gamma) from one chromosome of a lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) have been sequenced and compared to three human loci (a g gamma-gene and two a gamma-alleles). a comparison of regions of local homology among these five sequences indicates that long after the duplication that produced the two nonallelic gamma-globin loci of catarrhine primates, about 35 million years (myr) ago, at least one gene conversion event occurred between these loci. this conv ... | 1984 | 6599972 |
| a new intestinal parasitic entodiniomorph ciliate from wild lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in gabon? | | 1982 | 6820805 |
| legg-calvé-perthes disease in a lowland gorilla. | | 1981 | 6906911 |
| blood coagulation tests of gorillas. | in coagulation tests on five lowland gorillas, values within or close to the normal human range were found with the following tests: partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, factor xiii screen, factor ii assay, factor v assay, fibrinogen and antithrombin iii. factor xii levels were very high. factor viii coagulant activity was moderately elevated but factor viii antigen was very high in all and ristocetin cofactor activity was low in four of five. | 1982 | 7120359 |
| [the trigeminal nerve-innervated jaw muscles in the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes, blumenbach 1799) and the gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla, savage and wyman 1847)]. | | 1982 | 7160604 |
| epizootic of balantidiasis in lowland gorillas. | acute enteritis characterized by watery diarrhea and lethargy occurred in 4 lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) during a 5-week period at the los angeles zoo. numerous trophozoites of balantidium coli were seen in fresh feces from each gorilla. potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 1 fecal sample. results of fecal flotation examinations were negative for eggs of metazoan parasites. the gorillas were treated with antibiotics and metronidazole or paromomycin, or both. the most ... | 1982 | 7174457 |
| ultrasonic evaluation of echinococcosis in four lowland gorillas. | four captive lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) were subjected to abdominal ultrasonic scanning. evidence of progressive infection by the enzootic parasite echinococcus vogeli was observed in all 4 of them. ultrasonic scanning revealed abdominal disease, with evidence of both hepatic and bowel involvement. three gorillas subsequently died. necropsy results validated the ultrasonic diagnoses. | 1982 | 7174458 |
| control role of an adult male in a captive group of lowland gorillas. | an adult male gorilla was removed from the social group in which it had resided for 27 months. there was an immediate increase in aggressive behaviors among the remaining adult females, as well as an intensification of mother-infant social behaviors. the return of the male resulted in an immediate rise in male aggression and a decline in female aggression, with a gradual return to baseline levels in most behaviors. the control role of the male in the group through aggressive behaviors is suggest ... | 1982 | 7201445 |
| development of infant independence in a captive group of lowland gorillas. | in march 1976, 3 lowlands gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) were born to primiparous females living with an adult male in a large compound at the field station of the yerkes regional primate research center of emory university. observations of parent and infant behavior began at the birth of the infants, using several methods of data collection. this report focuses on the development of independence in these infants over the 1st 1 1/2 years of life. as expected, measures of mother-infant contac ... | 1981 | 7262467 |
| eclampsia in a lowland gorilla. | | 1981 | 7282812 |
| successful treatment of an infertile male lowland gorilla. | | 1981 | 7328031 |
| ultrasonic estimation of gestational age in the lowland gorilla: a biparietal diameter growth curve. | | 1981 | 7328032 |
| interstitial cell tumour of the testis in a western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | the post mortem in an adult male gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) aged approximately 33 years revealed very small testes, and the cut surface of the left testis appeared nodular. microscopic examination showed a marked atrophy of seminiferous tubules and fibrosis together with a diffuse interstitial cell hyperplasia. two interstitial cell adenomas were identified in the left testis. | 1980 | 7441719 |
| effects of body size and social context on the arboreal activities of lowland gorillas in the central african republic. | the objectives of this 27 month study were to document the positional behaviors used by lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the central african republic and to compare the effects of body size dimorphism on the use of arboreal substrates. during this study, despite their great size, all gorillas used trees regularly. predictions concerning the relationship of body size to arboreal behavior were generally upheld. small branch and suspensory activities were rare for silverbacks. females ... | 1995 | 7485438 |
| conservation of the down syndrome critical region in humans and great apes. | a quarter century ago, a chimpanzee with trisomy 22 was reported to have the clinical manifestation of down syndrome. the features of down syndrome in human have been associated with chromosome 21 band q22.3. the recent availability of chromosome and loci specific probes has prompted us to utilize the human cosmid probe (d21s65) for the trisomy 21 region in the chromosomes of the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (pongo pygmeus). interestingly, the hybridizati ... | 1995 | 7665094 |
| human (homo sapiens) and chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) share similar ancestral centromeric alpha satellite dna sequences but other fractions of heterochromatin differ considerably. | the euchromatic regions of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) genome share approximately 98% sequence similarity with the human (homo sapiens), while the heterochromatic regions display considerable divergence. positive heterochromatic regions revealed by the cbg-technique are confined to pericentromeric areas in humans, while in chimpanzees, these regions are pericentromeric, telomeric, and intercalary. when human chromosomes are digested with restriction endonuclease alui and stained by giemsa (alui ... | 1995 | 7726296 |
| intestinal parasites of sympatric gorillas and chimpanzees in the lopé reserve, gabon. | a coprological survey of intestinal parasites of wild chimpanzees (pan t. troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (gorilla g. gorilla) was carried out in the lopé reserve in central gabon. most samples (69%) were positive but the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the 61 gorilla samples (84%) was higher than in the 66 chimpanzee samples (56%). at least 11 species of parasite were observed: six protozoan, one trematode and at least four nematodes. six of the species were found in gorillas an ... | 1995 | 7741597 |
| the immunoglobulin kappa locus of primates. | the immunoglobulin kappa genes of nonhuman primates were studied by using sequence information and hybridization probes derived from the human kappa gene regions. the following results were obtained: (1) v kappa gene probes of the three major human kappa subgroups hybridized to restriction nuclease digests of dna from the chimpanzees pan troglodytes (ptr) and pan paniscus (ppa), the gorilla gorilla gorilla (ggo), the orangutan pongo pygmaeus (ppy), the macaque macaca mulatta (mmu), the marmoset ... | 1995 | 7759095 |
| new species-specific alleles at the primate mhc-g locus. | six different ape mhc-g dna sequences (four in humans: hla-g*01011, hla-g*ii, hla-g*0103, and hla-g*iv; one in chimpanzees: patr-g*i; and one in gorillas: gogo-g*1) have been obtained. only synonymous or conservative ("thr"-to-"ser") substitutions are allowed between the four human alleles. one allele of mhc-g exon-2 sequences has been found both in gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzee (pan troglodytes). the patr-g*i dna sequence shows two nonsynonymous substitutions when compared with the h ... | 1994 | 7836065 |
| primate relaxin: synthesis of gorilla and rhesus monkey relaxins. | the synthesis of the hormone relaxin from the species gorilla gorilla (gorilla) and macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) has been achieved. each of the two chains which constitute the peptide structures was assembled separately, the a-chains (24 amino acids) by the boc-polystyrene solid-phase procedure and the b-chains (29 and 28 amino acids) by the fmoc-polyamide (gorilla) and the boc-polystyrene (rhesus monkey) solid-phase methods. after cleavage from the solid supports, the separate chains were pur ... | 1994 | 7945794 |
| gorillas' (gorilla gorilla gorilla) spatial memory in a foraging task. | the spatial memory of 2 gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) was explored in a simulated foraging task. trials consisted of 2 parts separated by a delay. in the 1st part, half of the total number of food sites were baited with a highly preferred food, and the subject was allowed to search, find, and consume these items (search phase). during the delay the same locations were again baited. after the delay the animal was reintroduced to the test enclosure and allowed to search through the sites agai ... | 1994 | 8026161 |
| gene trees and hominoid phylogeny. | here we present a dna sequence study that incorporates intraspecific variation from all five genera of hominoids (apes and humans). recently it has been claimed that using single individuals to analyze species' relationships might be misleading if within-species variation is great. our results indicate that despite high intraspecific variation in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit ii gene sequences of some hominoids, humans and chimpanzees are nonetheless significantly most closely related ... | 1994 | 8090741 |
| chemical composition of baboon plant foods: implications for the interpretation of intra- and interspecific differences in diet. | information on the chemical composition of baboon foods from the laikipia plateau, kenya, is presented. despite some differences in methods, results of analyses performed on the same foods at different sites were found to be extremely consistent, encouraging the view that meaningful intra- and interspecific comparisons of diet selection are feasible. contrary to assumptions in the literature, no relationship between the abundance of food types and their chemical composition was found, nor was th ... | 1993 | 8144106 |
| fluctuating asymmetry in gorilla canines: a sensitive indicator of environmental stress. | populations of the western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) have decreased markedly as a result of human encroachment. the species is therefore likely to have been exposed to substantial environmental stress. fluctuating asymmetry (fa) is one measure of environmental stress. we examined the expression of fa in the canines and second premolars of the upper jaw of western lowland gorillas. the canines had patterns of fa typical of secondary sexual characters, whereas the expression of pre ... | 1994 | 8165230 |
| coraco-clavicular joint: normal variant in humans. a radiographic demonstration in the human and non-human primate. | the coraco-clavicular joint is a true synovial joint that may become painful in some patients after trauma. among the descriptions of this entity is the assertion that the coraco-clavicular joint is routinely seen in gorillas and gibbons. we undertook to assess the incidence of this variant among gorillas, gibbons, and other non-human primates. all available radiographs of large primates performed at the international wildlife conservation park/bronx zoo (iwcp) over the past 10 years were review ... | 1994 | 8191295 |
| evolutionary divergence of human chromosome 9 as revealed by the position of the abl protooncogene in higher primates. | attempts to solve the fundamental questions regarding the descent of man are dogged by superstitions and unexamined orthodoxies. the origin of humans, established a decade ago based upon cytological analysis of ape chromosomes, continues to be called into question. although molecular methods have provided a framework for tracing the paths of human evolution, conclusive evidence remains elusive. we have used a single abl gene probe derived from human chromosome 9 to assess the direction of change ... | 1994 | 8202081 |
| mhc-drb and -dqa1 nucleotide sequences of three lowland gorillas. implications for the evolution of primate mhc class ii haplotypes. | mhc-drb and -dqa1 second-exon and -drb 3'-untranslated-region nucleotide sequences of three lowland gorillas with no known family relationship with each other and of two hla homozygous typing cell lines were determined and compared with published primate mhc-drb and -dqa1 sequences. eleven distinct mhcgogo-drb second-exon sequences were found, which represent the gorilla counterparts of the hla-drb1*03, -drb1*10, -drb3, -drb5, and -drb6 allelic lineages. one gogo-drb second-exon sequence does no ... | 1993 | 8340229 |
| characterization of the genes encoding carbonic anhydrase i of chimpanzee and gorilla: comparative analysis of 5' flanking erythroid-specific promoter sequences. | the genes encoding carbonic anhydrase i (ca i) have been characterized for chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and gorilla (gorilla gorilla). in addition, 44 nucleotides (nt) at the 5' end of the noncoding first exon (exon 1a), which is unique to the erythroid ca i mrna, together with 188 nt of the adjacent 5' flanking regions, were sequenced for the corresponding positions of the ca i of orangutan, pigtail macaque, and squirrel monkey. when these 5' flanking regions are compared, along with those publ ... | 1993 | 8406018 |
| prevalence of shigellosis and other enteric pathogens in a zoologic collection of primates. | an epidemiologic study of shigellosis was the preliminary step in the formulation of a plan for the control of devastating infectious diseases in nonhuman primates at the national zoological park. data were collected from primate groups with enzootic shigellosis and included the following species: white-cheeked and siamong gibbons (hylobates concolor and h syndactylies); lion-tailed, celebes, and barbary macaques (macaca silenus, m nigera, and m sylvanus); black and white colobus monkeys (colobu ... | 1993 | 8407446 |
| increased microsatellite variability in macaca mulatta compared to humans due to a large scale deletion/insertion event during primate evolution. | human (gata)n microsatellites d12s66 and d12s67 could be successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in various species of apes and monkeys. in 86 unrelated animals of the most intensively studied species macaca mulatta we demonstrated five alleles at "d12d66" differing in size in increments of 4 bp (159-175 bp), whereas 17 alleles were observed at locus "d12s67". the alleles of the latter locus are distributed in two separate groups with no alleles of intermediate size. six allele ... | 1995 | 8582342 |
| effects of ontogeny and sexual dimorphism on scapula morphology in the mountain gorilla (gorilla gorilla beringei). | scapular measurements were obtained from growth series of the sexually dimorphic mountain gorilla (gorilla gorilla beringei). juveniles, subadults, and adults were compared to determine if scapula morphology varies with age. analyses reveal significant (p < 0.05) differences in scapula form for shape ratios of length vs. breadth, length vs. infraspinous fossa length, and length vs. spine length. males and females were also compared to determine if sexual dimorphism in scapula morphology is a con ... | 1995 | 8599379 |
| a remembrance of fred, the lowland gorilla. | | 1996 | 8651981 |
| characterization of a chromosome-specific chimpanzee alpha satellite subset: evolutionary relationship to subsets on human chromosomes. | alpha satellite dna is a tandemly repeated dna family found at the centromeres of all primate chromosomes examined. the fundamental repeat units of alpha satellite dna are diverged 169- and 172-bp monomers, often found to be organized in chromosome-specific higher-order repeat units. the chromosomes of human (homo sapiens (hsa)), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes (ptr) and pan paniscus), and gorilla (gorilla gorilla) share a remarkable similarity and synteny. it is of interest to ask if alpha satellit ... | 1996 | 8660971 |
| a complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the western lowland gorilla. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of the gorilla was sequenced. the entire sequence, 16,412 nucleotides, was determined by analysis of natural (not polymerase chain reaction) restriction fragments covering the whole molecule. the sequence was established from one individual and thus nonchimeric. after comparison with the coii gene of gorilla specimens with known geographical origin, the sequence was identified as characteristic of the western lowland gorilla, gorilla gorilla gorill ... | 1996 | 8676744 |
| rapid allelic diversification and intensified selection at antigen recognition sites of the mhc class ii dpb1 locus during hominoid evolution. | the evolution of polymorphism at the mhc class ii dpb1 locus was studied by comparison of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and human dpb1 alleles. extensive polymorphism was found in all hominoids. the clustering of sequences in the phylogenetic tree is consistent with rapid generation of the dpb1 polymorphism. analysis of the substitution pattern for human alleles shows an excess of non-synonymous changes to synonymous changes at antigen r ... | 1996 | 8740771 |
| alveolar hydatidosis in a gorilla and a ring-tailed lemur in japan. | alveolar hydatidosis by echinococcus multilocularis (em) infection occurred on a 22-year-old (approx.) male gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and a 4-year-old female ring-tailed lemur (lemur catta) in a zoo, in hokkaido, japan. case 1: the gorilla presented neurologic signs in course of nine months and died. pathologically, alveolar hydatid lesions were found in the liver, the liver-associated lymph nodes, the cerebrum, and the lungs. a protoscolex was found only in one hepatic cyst. case 2: in the lemu ... | 1996 | 8741606 |
| regional localization of human m-bcr gene to chromosome 23 band q11 in the great apes. | we hybridized a human m-bcr dna probe to the chromosomes of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) by fish-technique. the human m-bcr gene was localized to chromosome 23 band q11 (23q11), which is equivalent to the human chromosome 22 band q11 in all three species. the conservation of m-bcr gene in higher primates at the corresponding human chromosome locus provides phylogenetic clues concerning the evolution of genes. | 1996 | 8765683 |
| a comparison of tspy genes from y-chromosomal dna of the great apes and humans: sequence, evolution, and phylogeny. | the genes for testis-specific protein y (tspy) were sequenced from chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), orangutan (pongo pygmaeus), and baboon (papio hamadryas). the sequences were compared with each other and with the published human sequence. substitutions were detected at 144 of the 755 nucleotide positions compared. in overviewing five sequences, one deletion in human, four successive nucleotide insertions in orangutan, and seven deletions/insertions in baboon sequence we ... | 1996 | 8798990 |
| mitochondrial dna diversity in gorillas. | a highly variable portion of the mitochondrial dna control region was sequenced in 63 free-living and captive gorillas including representatives of the three recognized subspecies. this region has proven useful for evaluation of relative levels of genetic variability in populations, for clarification of the subspecies identity of a wild population, and for examination of the phylogenetic relationships of the three subspecies. the eastern lowland (gorilla gorilla graueri) and mountain gorilla (go ... | 1996 | 8812304 |
| assignment of human mycn proto-oncogene to chromosome band 12q24 in higher primates. | controversies concerning the reduction of chromosome number from 48 to 46 in humans by putative fusion of two ape chromosomes still persist. nevertheless, abundant evidence suggests that human chromosome 2 was derived by fusion. consequently, the recent availability of the human mycn gene probe which was localized to 2p24.3 facilitated our search for its location in the human equivalent chromosome(s) of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (pongo pygmaeus). in al ... | 1996 | 8921863 |