| molecular evolution of the psi eta-globin gene locus: gibbon phylogeny and the hominoid slowdown. | an 8.4-kb genomic region spanning both the psi eta-globin gene locus and flanking dna was sequenced from the common gibbon (hylobates lar). in addition, sequencing of the entire orthologous region from galago (galago crassicaudatus) was completed. the gibbon and galago sequences, along with published orthologous sequences from 10 other species, were aligned. these noncoding nucleotide sequences represented four human alleles, four apes (chimpanzee, gorilla, organgutan, and gibbon), an old world ... | 1991 | 2046542 |
| evaluation of the gibbon (hylobates lar lar) as a laboratory primate-use of gibbons. | | 1973 | 4214470 |
| experimental infection of the gibbon (hylobates lar) with dirofilaria immitis. | | 1972 | 4561690 |
| the development of erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum in the gibbon, hylobates lar. | | 1966 | 4957843 |
| susceptibility of the gibbon hylobates lar to falciparum malaria. | the splenectomnized juvenile gibbon, hylobates lar, is susceptible to infection with trophozoites of plasmodium falciparum. all subjects in a group of six animals that were injected with freshly collected blood from four infected humans in saraburi province, thailand, developed parasitemia 2 to 20 days later; infections were transmitted from one of these subjects to three clean gibbons. | 1965 | 5325608 |
| sequential dengue virus infections in the white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar). | | 1970 | 5416293 |
| plasmodium falciparum in the white-handed gibbon: protection afforded by previous infection with homologous and heterologous strains obtained in thailand. | | 1969 | 4987031 |
| falciparum malaria: transmission to the gibbon by anopheles balabacensis. | the splenectomized gibbon (hylobates lar) is susceptible to sporozoite-induced infection by sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum. two gibbons inoculated with sporozoites of p. falciparum from anopheles balabacensis fed on humans with falciparum malaria developed parasitemia 48 and 46 days after infection. | 1966 | 5917770 |
| fatal herpesvirus hominis encephalitis in a white-handed gibbon. | | 1982 | 6294039 |
| epizootic of parainfluenza-3 virus infection in gibbons. | a laboratory-housed breeding colony of white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) experienced an epizootic of upper respiratory tract disease characterized by lethargy, anorexia, coughing, and serous rhinorrhea. signs were more severe in adults than in offspring, and all animals recovered without complications. base-line, acute, and convalescent sera from the most severely affected gibbons were tested for antibodies against a wide spectrum of infectious agents. for personnel known to have had contact ... | 1983 | 6315655 |
| plasmodium eylesi sp. nov., a tertian malaria parasite from the white-handed gibbon, hylobates lar. | | 1965 | 4379372 |
| establishment of continuous lymphoblast cultures from leukocytes of gibbons (hylobates lar). | | 1972 | 4358039 |
| natural herpesvirus hominis infection of a gibbon (hylobates lar). | | 1970 | 4321446 |
| antistreptococcal antibodies, rheumatoid factors and haptoglobin in apes and monkeys. | sera of 157 baboons (papio hamadryas and p. anubis) 21 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) five orang utans (pongo pygmaeus) three mountain gorillas (gorilla gorilla beringei) and three gibbons (hylobates lar lar) were examined for the content of antistreptolysin o, antidesoxyribonuclease b, for the presence of rheumatoid factors as well as for the level and type of haptoglobin. the mean antistreptolysin o titer (ast) in baboons was 106 asu +/- 18 in dextransulfate absorbed sera ("real" ast) and 182 a ... | 1980 | 6775442 |
| the gibbon (hylobates lar); a new primate host for herpesvirus hominia. i. a natural epizootic in a laboratory colony. | | 1969 | 4309804 |
| auditory brainstem and middle latency responses in non-human primates. | auditory brainstem (abr) and middle latency responses (mlr) were obtained from each ear in 8 crab-eating macaques, 4 white-handed gibbons, 4 siamangs and 2 orangutans. macaques ranged in age from 5 days to 15 years with the 6 older animals in age-matched, male-female pairs. from each animal, latency-intensity functions were obtained and multiple mlr recordings were measured at 60 and 70 db. latency-intensity functions, interwave intervals, thresholds and percent detectability were calculated for ... | 1985 | 4019328 |
| rabies vaccination of captive white-handed gibbons potentially exposed to wild rabies virus. | | 1987 | 3695407 |
| evolution of immunoglobulin allotypes and phylogeny of apes. | serum samples from 72 pan troglodytes, 5 pan paniscus, 22 gorilla gorilla, 23 pongo pygmaeus abelii, 5 pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, 2 hybrids p.p. abelii x p.p. pygmaeus and 13 hylobates lar were tested for gm(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 28), km(1) and bm(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) immunoglobulin allotypes by the classical hemagglutination inhibition method. the distribution of the various alleles and phenotypes makes it possible to distinguish each species or subspecies. common ... | 1987 | 3504421 |
| cell-mediated immune response toward viral envelope and core antigens in gibbon apes (hylobates lar) chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1. | the specific cellular immune response toward envelope and core proteins of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) was investigated in gibbon apes chronically infected with the htlv-iiib isolate. after in vitro stimulation of pbmc from infected and control animals with hiv-1 ag, dna synthesis, il-2r expression and il-2 release were assayed. cells from infected gibbon apes demonstrated a group-specific response toward whole virus preparations from three divergent hiv-1 isolates (htlv-iiib, htlv-ii ... | 1988 | 3262661 |
| back muscle function during bipedal walking in chimpanzee and gibbon: implications for the evolution of human locomotion. | the evolution of erect posture and locomotion continues to be a major focus of interest among paleoanthropologists and functional morphologists. to date, virtually all of our knowledge about the functional role of the back muscles in the evolution of bipedalism is based on human experimental data. in order to broaden our evolutionary perspective on the vertebral region, we have undertaken an electromyographic (emg) analysis of three deep back muscles (multifidus, longissimus thoracis, iliocostal ... | 1988 | 3207169 |
| evolution of four human y chromosomal unique sequences. | four cloned unique sequences from the human y chromosome, two of which are found only on the y chromosome and two of which are on both the x and y chromosomes, were hybridized to restriction enzyme-treated dna samples of a male and a female chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), and pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina); and a male orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) and gibbon (hylobates lar). one of the human y-specific probes hybridized only to male dna among the humans and great ap ... | 1987 | 2822940 |
| functional analysis of the biceps femoris muscle during locomotor behavior in some primates. | in order to investigate a correlation between morphological variations of the biceps femoris muscle and its homologues in four primate species (japanese macaque, spider monkey, white-handed gibbon, and chimpanzee) and each type of species-specific locomotor behavior, i carried out both morphological and functional analyses of these muscles. the description of the level of insertion reveals interspecific variation is in the level of crural attachment, especially in species with a bicipital biceps ... | 1989 | 2504047 |
| the involucrin gene of the gibbon: the middle region shared by the hominoids. | the evolution of the anthropoid involucrin gene has resulted largely from a process of vectorial addition of short tandem repeats. the coding region of the involucrin gene of the gibbon (hylobates lar), including the segment of repeats, has been cloned and sequenced, and its repeat structure can now be compared with that of the other hominoids. in the gibbon, as in the others, repeat additions in the past can be assigned to early, middle, and late regions of the present-day segment of repeats. a ... | 1990 | 2359362 |
| eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis as the cause of death in captive non-human primates. | fatal eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis is reported in captive non-human primates. a howler monkey (alouatta caraya) at the audubon park and zoological gardens, new orleans, la, died 21 days after initial clinical symptoms. a white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar) died at the ardastra gardens and zoo, nassau, bahamas, 17 days after onset of symptoms. both had access to free-ranging gastropods within the zoos. these are the first reported cases of natural infection ... | 1990 | 2301708 |
| primate phylogeny studied by comparative determinant analysis. a preliminary report. | in this preliminary report the divergence times for the major primate groups are given, calculated from a study by comparative determinant analysis of 69 proteins (equaling 0.1% of the whole genetic information). with an origin of the primate order set at 80 million years before present, the ages of the last common ancestors (lcas) of man and the major primate groups obtained this way are as follows: pan troglodytes 5.2; gorilla gorilla 7.4; pongo pygmaeus 19.2; hylobates lar 20.3; old world mon ... | 1993 | 8398202 |
| molecular history of gene conversions in the primate fetal gamma-globin genes. nucleotide sequences from the common gibbon, hylobates lar. | comparative and phylogenetic analyses of homologous sequences from closely related species reveal genetic events which have happened in the past and thus provide considerable insight into molecular genetic processes. one such process which has been especially important in the evolution of multigene families is gene conversion. the fetal gamma 1 and gamma 2-globin genes of catarrhine primates (humans, apes, and old world monkeys) underwent numerous gene conversion events after they arose from a g ... | 1990 | 2295619 |
| reconstruction of genomic rearrangements in great apes and gibbons by chromosome painting. | the homology between hylobatid chromosomes and other primates has long remained elusive. we used chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization of all human chromosome-specific dna libraries to "paint" the chromosomes of primates and establish homologies between the human, great ape (chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan), and gibbon karyotypes (hylobates lar species group, 2n = 44). the hybridization patterns unequivocally demonstrate the high degree of chromosomal homology and synteny of great ape ... | 1992 | 1528869 |
| tandemly duplicated alpha globin genes of gibbon. | the alpha globin gene locus of the common gibbon (hylobates lar) was isolated, and it contains two closely linked alpha globin genes that share the same arrangement as that found for the homologous genes of other catarrhine primates. the nucleotide sequences of the gibbon alpha globin genes were determined and compared with the alpha globin gene sequences from other primate species (human, chimpanzee, orangutan, baboon, and rhesus); the prosimian primate, galago, alpha a and alpha b globin genes ... | 1992 | 1526980 |
| karyotype of the gibbons hylobates lar and h. moloch inversion in chromosome 7. | a karyotype of the gibbon, hylobates, has been prepared based on the chromosome banding patterns produced by quinacrine, trypsin-giemsa, and centromeric heterochromatin stains. the banding patterns of h. lar and h. moloch are virtually identical. no brilliant quinacrine-fluorescent areas are present. the banding pattern of most of the gibbon chromosomes show less resemblance to those of the human, chimpanzee, gorilla, or orangutan than the chromosomes of the higher primates do to each other, sug ... | 1975 | 1183241 |
| [karyotype analysis of 2 species of gibbons (hylobates lar and h. concolor) with different banding species]. | the mitotic chromosomes of two species of gibbons (hylobates lar and h. concolor) are examined and compared, using various banding techniques. these two species have very different karyotypes. at the most, seven pairs of chromosomes have a similar banding pattern. the other elements generally differ by complex structrual rearrangements. thus, it is difficult to propose a scheme for chromosomal evolution at this stage. comparison with the karyotypes of man and anthropoid apes also shows very impo ... | 1975 | 1183240 |
| calcification of the bladder and papillary tumours of the bladder and ureters in gibbons (hylobates lar) infected with schistosoma haematobium (iran). | many species of nonhuman primates have been employed to find parasite-definitive host combinations which would allow for investigations on different aspects of schistosomiasis haematobia. gibbons (hylobates lar), exposed to moderate numbers of schistosoma haematobium cercariae, have demonstrated some of the basic features of schistosomiasis haematobia in man. calcification in schistosomiasis haematobia is variable. radiologically evident calcification of the bladder was noted in one gibbon. radi ... | 1975 | 820019 |
| experimental infection with schistosoma intercalatum (fisher, 1934) in the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and the gibbon (hylobates lar). | two young chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and two adult gibbons (hylobates lar), each exposed to 1,000 cercariae of schistosoma intercalatum (cameroon), were examined at 79 and 82 wk and 61 and 69 wk, respectively, post-infection. based upon worn returns and tissue egg deposits, these primates can be employed as hosts for experimental schistosomiasis intercalata. however, no histopathology was detected in the urogenital system. | 1978 | 677377 |
| sperm/egg interaction: the specificity of human spermatozoa. | human spermatozoa display unusually limited affinities in their interaction with oocytes of other species. they adhered to and, when capacitated, penetrated the vestments of the oocyte of an ape--the gibbon, hylobates lar--both in vivo and in vitro. on the other hand, human spermatozoa would not even attach to the zona surface of sub-hominoid primate (baboon, rhesus monkey, squirrel monkey), nor to the non-primate eutherian oocytes tested. among the apes the gibbon stands furthest from man. thus ... | 1977 | 409311 |
| experimental lepromatous leprosy in the white-handed gibbon (hylobatus lar): successful inoculation with leprosy bacilli of human origin. | leprosy bacilli of human origin were inoculated into a white-handed gibbon by the i.v. and i.p. routes, and also locally into ears, testis and around an ulnar nerve. the animal was observed closely during a period of nearly 15 years and did not exhibit any clinical evidence of cutaneous or neurological disease. at death, a wide range of tissues was taken for bacterial counts and histological examination, and a disseminated and progressive infection was demonstrated. acid-fast bacilli were found ... | 1978 | 371653 |
| oncornavirus lytic activity in the serum of gibbon apes. | fresh blood serum from normal gibbon apes (hylobates lar) contained heat-sensitive lytic activity for various mammalian oncornaviruses. lytic activity quantitatively similar to that in gibbon serum was demonstrated in serum from three other primate species, including man; it was demonstrated to be low or absent in lower mammalian species with the exception of domestic cats, which had intermediate levels of serum lytic activity. gibbons that acquired infectious gibbon ape leukemia virus, either n ... | 1978 | 203712 |
| plasmodium jefferyi sp. n. from hylobates lar in malaya. | | 1966 | 5910463 |
| inheritance of stereotyped gibbon calls. | little is known about how vocal patterns develop in non-human primates, mainly because suitable controlled experiments are difficult to carry out on these animals. results of isolation experiments and observations of interspecific hybrids suggest no greater role for vocal learning than exists in many other vertebrates, and less than has been found in birds. we have now studied vocal patterns of hybrids between white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) and pileated gibbons (hylobates pileatus) in natu ... | 1984 | 6542175 |
| individual and evolutionary variation of primate ribosomal dna transcription initiation regions. | a 16-kilobase region surrounding the transcription initiation site for ribosomal dna and including the entire ribosomal dna transcription unit has been characterized in man and compared in higher primates. restriction analysis of ribosomal dna from the pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus), the common chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), the gorilla (gorilla gorilla), the orangutan (pongo pygmaeus), the gibbon (hylobates lar), and the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) allows a primate phylogeny to be constructe ... | 1984 | 6599965 |
| septic abortion caused by salmonella heidelberg in a white-handed gibbon. | | 1983 | 6643263 |
| normal erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in ten nonhuman primate species. | normal data on erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity were obtained from ten species of nonhuman primates: tupaia glis, galago crassicaudatus, saimiri sciureus, papio spp., theropithecus gelada, macaca mulatta, macaca fascicularis, macaca nigra, hylobates lar entelloides and pan troglodytes. significant differences between species were observed with m. mulatta having the lowest activity and g. crassicaudatus the highest. pan troglodytes and papio spp. have levels of e ... | 1980 | 7441716 |
| [interspecific outbreaks of dermatomycoses +caused by microsporum canis and microsporum gypseum]. | dermatomycosis in domestic animals are important zoonosis in view of the fact that they maintain close contact with human beings. seven ringworm outbreaks are here described, one of m. gypseum involving a cat and a women and the remainder of m. canis involving 20 human beings (adults, young people and children), 5 dogs, 16 cats and a gibbon-monkey (hylobates lar). | 1994 | 7660034 |
| cerebral infarction and myocardial fibrosis in a white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar). | a white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar) lost the use of its right hand. complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, electrocardiographic findings, blood pressure, and radiographic work-up were normal, but the gibbon died 2 days later. the gibbon was serologically positive for herpes simplex i and epstein-barr virus. necropsy and histopathology showed acute infarction of the right cerebrum and multifocal to coalescing severe myocardial fibrosis. | 2000 | 10884127 |
| comparative mapping of the immunoglobulin c epsilon 1 gene (ighe) in five species of nonhuman primates by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | the orthologous immunoglobulin c epsilon 1 gene (ighe) of the common chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, orangutan, white-handed gibbon, and japanese macaque was assigned to the human chromosome 14 homologue in each species and regionally mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization to ptr15q32 (common chimpanzee), ppa15q32 (pygmy chimpanzee), ppy15q32 (orangutan), hla17qter (white-handed gibbon), and mfu7q29 (japanese macaque). the gene localized to the terminal region of the chromosome in each speci ... | 1995 | 7789180 |
| phylogenetic relationships among homo sapiens and related species based on restriction site variations in rdna spacers. | a rapid method, using 12 restriction enzymes, was employed to analyze variations in ribosomal dna (rdna) spacers in a study of phylogenetic relationships between homo sapiens and related species. we mapped restriction sites in the external and internal spacer regions and compared the arrangements of sites. the estimated sequence divergence between homo sapiens and pan troglodytes, pan paniscus, gorilla gorilla, pongo pygmaeus, hylobates lar, h. agilis, and macaca fuscata was 2.7, 2.3, 3.8, 7.3, ... | 1994 | 7826313 |
| incisor microwear of sumatran anthropoid primates. | several studies have suggested that incisor microwear reflects diet and feeding adaptations of anthropoids. however, such studies have been largely qualitative, and interpretations have relied on anecdotal references to diet and tooth use reported in the socioecology literature. the current study relates incisor microwear in four anthropoid primates to specific ingestive behaviors and food types. central incisor casts of wild-shot museum specimens of hylobates lar, macaca fascicularis, pongo pyg ... | 1994 | 7943190 |
| chromosomal painting shows that "marked chromosomes" in lesser apes and old world monkeys are not homologous and evolved by convergence. | cytogeneticists have long held that the single pair of metacentric, nor-bearing "marked chromosomes" in lesser apes (hylobatidae) and old world monkeys (cercopithecidae) are homologous. hylobatids have sometimes been excluded from hominoidea (great apes and humans) and phylogenetically allied with the lower primates, primarily on the basis of this shared "trait." however, in situ hybridization of human chromosome-specific dna probes to chromosomes of hylobates lar, h. syndactylus, h. concolor, c ... | 1995 | 7956365 |
| [correlations between feet posture and muscle fiber size in mammals--comparison of the anterior tibial muscle fiber among plantigrade type, digitigrade type and unguligrade type]. | the size (micron2) of red muscle fibers (type 1), white muscle fibers (type 2) and intermediate muscle fibers (type 3) was quantitatively determined in cross-sectional areas of the venter of the anterior tibial muscle in the plantigrade type, digitigrade type and unguligrade type using 122 individuals of 15 species in 5 orders, and correlations between the type of locomotion and muscle fiber size were analyzed from a comparative anatomical viewpoint. regardless of species, red muscle fibers with ... | 1993 | 8160529 |
| coraco-clavicular joint: normal variant in humans. a radiographic demonstration in the human and non-human primate. | the coraco-clavicular joint is a true synovial joint that may become painful in some patients after trauma. among the descriptions of this entity is the assertion that the coraco-clavicular joint is routinely seen in gorillas and gibbons. we undertook to assess the incidence of this variant among gorillas, gibbons, and other non-human primates. all available radiographs of large primates performed at the international wildlife conservation park/bronx zoo (iwcp) over the past 10 years were review ... | 1994 | 8191295 |
| comparative high-resolution mapping of human and primate chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | a molecular cytogenetic approach that facilitates high-resolution comparative mapping of defined human genes in different primate species is presented. fluorescence in situ hybridization and digital imaging microscopy were used to visualize human dna probes on simultaneously banded or "painted" metaphase chromosomes of great apes (pan troglodytes, gorilla gorilla, pongo pygmaeus), hylobatids (hylobates lar and hylobates syndactylus), and old world monkeys (macaca fuscata and cercopithecus aethio ... | 1993 | 8288242 |
| unique pres sequence in a gibbon-derived hepatitis b virus variant. | a unique hepatitis b virus (hbv) variant has been identified in a gibbon (hylobates lar) which could be passed to a chimpanzee by experimental inoculation. this hbv variant had been shown to have no reactivity to a monoclonal anti-pres2 antibody (pres2 mab 116-34) differentiating it from all human hbv specimens tested. this gibbon sera also was not recognized by an anti-pres1 mab which binds the pres1 hepatocyte receptor region, amino acids 27-35. in this paper, we report the dna sequence of the ... | 1993 | 8363598 |
| evolution of pro-protamine p2 genes in primates. | protamines p1 and p2 form a family of small basic peptides that represent the major sperm proteins in placental mammals. in human and mouse protamine p2 is one of the most abundant sperm proteins. the protamine p2 gene codes for a p2 precursor, pro-p2 which is later processed by proteolytic cleavages in its n-terminal region to form the mature p2 protamines. we have used polymerase chain amplification to directly sequence the pro-p2 genes of the five major primate families: red howler (alouatta ... | 1993 | 8513810 |
| molecular anatomy of human chromosome 9: comparative mapping of the immunoglobulin processed pseudogene c epsilon 3 (ighep2) in primates. | karyotypic homology in relation to human chromosome 9 (hsa 9) was studied through comparative mapping of the immunoglobulin-processed pseudogene c epsilon 3 (ighep2) in primates. ighep2, which has been mapped to 9p24.2 --> p24.1 in the human genome, was assigned to ptr 11q34 (common chimpanzee), ppa 11q34 (pygmy chimpanzee), ppy 13q16 (orangutan), hla 8qter (white-handed gibbon), hag 8qter (agile gibbon), and mfu 14q22 (japanese macaque) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. to verify the break ... | 1996 | 8646893 |
| comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of primate chromosomes with alu polymerase chain reaction generated probes from human/rodent somatic cell hybrids. | we have used alu polymerase chain reaction generated probes from rearranged human/rodent somatic cell hybrids for fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative mapping of some intrachromosomal changes in the karyotypes of great apes (pan troglodytes, p. paniscus, gorilla gorilla, pongo pygmaeus), a gibbon (hylobates lar), and an old world monkey (macaca fuscata). probes containing chromosomes 2 and 18 fragments confirmed inversions already suggested by the banding pattern of great ape homol ... | 1996 | 8653267 |
| interspecific variation at the y-linked rps4y locus in hominoids: implications for phylogeny. | within- and between-species variation in restriction endonuclease recognition sites was examined at the y-linked rps4y locus of six hominoid species: human (homo sapiens), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), bonobo (pan paniscus), orangutan (pongo pygmaeus), and gibbon (hylobates lar). rps4y is an expressed gene that maps to the non-recombining region of the y chromosome. an approximately 1,490 base pair fragment of the rps4y gene, including all of intron 3, was amplified by ... | 1996 | 8922180 |
| molecular features of the tspy gene of gibbons and old world monkeys. | restriction pattern, chromosome localization and the sequence of the testis-specific gene, tspy, were investigated in the white-handed gibbon, agile gibbon, siamang, hamadryas baboon and japanese monkey. southern blot analysis showed the tspy gene to be male specific in the primates used and disclosed variability of restriction pattern in gibbons. fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that the probe pptspy2372, biotinylated using polymerase chain reaction, is located as a slight signal ... | 1996 | 8939361 |
| phylogenetic analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in mammalian species argues for the development of a rabbit model for cystic fibrosis. | the species-specific pattern of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) expression was investigated in order to identify species closely related to man which can be used as potential cystic fibrosis (cf) animal models. to this purpose, the nucleotide sequences of the cftr promoter region of eight mammalian species representing four different orders (primates, artiodactyla, lagomorpha and rodentia) were analyzed. distance matrices and unrooted trees of the cftr promoter region ... | 1997 | 9100367 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of the polymerase gene of gibbon lymphocryptovirus. | lymphocryptovirus (lcv) is found in various non-human primates. as a herpesvirus naturally infecting gibbons it is closely related to human epstein-barr virus (ebv) with which it shares considerable genetic, biological and epidemiologic features. | 2006 | 16764671 |
| molecular origin of the mosaic sequence arrangements of higher primate alpha-globin duplication units. | the human adult alpha-globin locus consists of three pairs of homology blocks (x, y, and z) interspersed with three nonhomology blocks (i, ii, and iii), and three alu family repeats, alu1, alu2, and alu3. it has been suggested that an ancient primate alpha-globin-containing unit was ancestral to the x, y, and z and the alu1/alu2 repeats. however, the evolutionary origin of the three nonhomologous blocks has remained obscure. we have now analyzed the sequence organization of the entire adult alph ... | 1997 | 9144211 |
| survey of maximum ctg/cag repeat lengths in humans and non-human primates: total genome scan in populations using the repeat expansion detection method. | repeat expansion detection (red) is an efficient and simple method for detecting repeat expansions in the human genome, including expansion mutations resulting in disease. here we report the first population survey of ctg/cag repeat lengths in humans using the red method; we have determined maximum ctg/cag repeat length in 244 individuals from six human populations: danes, chinese, japanese, rondonian surui, maya and mbuti/biaka pygmies. we have also sampled a number of non-human primates includ ... | 1997 | 9147643 |
| sleeping sites, sleeping places, and presleep behavior of gibbons (hylobates lar). | the sleeping habits of wild white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) were investigated to assess the risk of predation and predation-avoidance behavior. sleeping sites were distributed throughout home ranges, including areas where they overlapped with neighbors, and appeared to be selected independently of habitat characteristics. individuals did not build night nests or otherwise manipulate the vegetation around the sleeping place but slept on open branches. group members usually slept in separate ... | 1998 | 9730212 |
| encounters between lar gibbons (hylobates lar) and binturongs (arctictis binturong). | | 1998 | 9885344 |
| the prevalence of balantidium coli infection in fifty-six mammalian species. | a total of 375 fecal samples of 56 mammalian species belonging to 17 families of 4 orders were examined for the detection of balantidium coli from december 1994 to august 1995. as a result, b. coli was found from 6 species belonging to 4 families of 2 orders (primates and artiodactyla) of host animals examined. white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar), squirrel monkey (saimiri sciurea) and japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) were new hosts for b. coli. all the wild boar (sus scrofa) and chimpanzee (pan ... | 1999 | 10027167 |
| back to the roots of a new exon--the molecular archaeology of a sp100 splice variant. | retropseudogenes are intronless dna sequences sharing a high degree of homology with the cdna of their corresponding active genes. they are thought to have originated by reverse transcription of messenger rna and reintegration of the cdna into the genome. usually considered a type of evolutionary waste, they melt into the background of their surrounding dna by the loss of similarity to the active gene or disappear from the genome by the accumulation of deletions. on the other hand, in this paper ... | 2000 | 10766566 |
| tempo and mode of evolution of the rh blood group genes before and after gene duplication. | the rh blood group genes became duplicated in a common ancestor of human-chimpanzee-gorilla. we compared the evolutionary rates of the rh blood group genes for each exon for branches connecting to humans, having duplicated rh loci, and to orangutan, gibbon, and old world monkeys, species having a single rh locus. our results show that evolutionary rates of nonsynonymous substitutions at exon 7 became accelerated in the human lineage. furthermore, we surveyed the sequence variation in the region ... | 2007 | 17334753 |
| studies on karyotype evolution in higher primates in relation to human chromosome 14 and 9 by comparative mapping of immunoglobulin c epsilon genes with fluorescence in situ hybridization. | karyotypic homologies in relation to human chromosome 14 and 9 were studied through comparative mapping of the immunoglobulin c epsilon genes in higher primates by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) technique. the c epsilon genes will be suitable probes for the analysis of evolutionary rearrangements due to that the multiple recombinational events such as gene duplications and deletions have occurred repeatedly in the immunoglobulin ch gene family (igh@) during the course of primate evolu ... | 1999 | 10859938 |
| linear enamel hypoplasia in gibbons (hylobates lar carpenteri). | this study describes the expression of linear enamel hypoplasia (leh), a sensitive dental indicator of physiological stress, in thailand gibbons (hylobates lar carpenteri). previous studies of enamel hypoplasia in hominoids have focused on great apes, with little attention given to the expression of this stress indicator in gibbons. in that gibbons differ from both monkeys and great apes in numerous life history features, leh expression in gibbons might be expected to show significant difference ... | 2000 | 10861355 |
| the nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid gene in primates (suborder anthropoidea). | nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid (pth) gene of 12 species of primates belonging to suborder anthropoidea were examined. the pth gene contains one intron that separates two exons that code the sequence of prepro and pth, respectively. the intron of the pth gene in cebus apella, callithrix jacchus, and saguinus oedipus was 102 bp long, whereas a 103-bp intron was observed in the remaining species. phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of pth revealed that these 12 species of ... | 2002 | 11825036 |
| the effects of substratum inclination on locomotor patterns in primates. | to explore the change from the horizontal quadrupedal walking to the vertical climbing in primates, i designed an experiment on an inclined substratum. the subjects were an adult male japanese macaque and a 2-year-old female white-handed gibbon. the animals moved on a substratum made of bamboo pipe (8 cm diameter). the inclination of the substratum was changed from 15 degrees to 65 degrees in 5-degree increments for the japanese macaque and from 20 degrees to 70 degrees with 10-degree increments ... | 2002 | 12050892 |
| structure, molecular evolution, and gene expression of primate superoxide dismutases. | mn- and cu,zn-superoxide dismutase (sod) cdnas of eight primate species, pan troglodytes, pongo pygmaeus, hylobates lar, macaca fuscata, macaca fascicularis, macaca mulatta, cebus apella, and callithrix jacchus, were cloned. the whole protein-coding sequences were covered, comparing 198 and 153 (or 154) amino acids, for mn- and cu,zn-sods, respectively. residues forming metal ligands were completely conserved in the two primate sods and nucleotide/amino acid substitutions were more frequent in c ... | 2002 | 12383507 |
| detailed hylobates lar karyotype defined by 25-color fish and multicolor banding. | a comprehensive and detailed comparative chromosome map of the white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar = hla) has been established by hybridizing the recently developed complete human multicolor banding (mcb) probe set on metaphase chromosomes of a male hla lymphoblastoid cell line. thus, it was possible to precisely determine the breakpoints and distribution plus orientation of specific dna-regions in this cytogenetically highly rearranged species compared to homo sapiens (hsa). in general, the obta ... | 2003 | 12851708 |
| [microsporum audouini-infection in a hooded gibbon (hylobates lar)]. | | 1962 | 13869524 |
| plasmodium youngi n. sp., a malaria parasite of the malayan gibbon, hylobates lar lar. | | 1964 | 14125875 |
| [on the isolation of an atypical strain of microsporum canis from a whitehanded gibbon (hylobates lar)]. | | 1964 | 14230191 |
| head movements during locomotion in a gibbon and japanese macaques. | kinematic analysis of head and body movements during locomotion in macaca fuscata and hylobates lar revealed that coordinated head rotation and translation that have been reported to play an important role in stabilizing gaze during locomotion for humans are also observed in non-human primates. the fact that well-coordinated head movements were observed in two species, and during both bipedal and quadrupedal walking, suggests that the head orientation during locomotion is well regulated in the m ... | 2004 | 15094468 |
| cross-species amplification of human microsatellite markers using noninvasive samples from white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar). | analysis of the population genetic structure and reproductive strategies of various primate species has been facilitated by cross-species amplification (i.e., the use of microsatellite markers developed in one species for analysis of another). in this study we screened 47 human-derived markers to assess their utility in the white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar). only eight produced accurate, reliable results, and exhibited levels of polymorphism that were adequate for individual identification. th ... | 2004 | 15356855 |
| frequent gene conversion events between the x and y homologous chromosomal regions in primates. | mammalian sex-chromosomes originated from a pair of autosomes. a step-wise cessation of recombination is necessary for the proper maintenance of sex-determination and, consequently, generates a four strata structure on the x chromosome. each stratum shows a specific per-site nucleotide sequence difference (p-distance) between the x and y chromosomes, depending on the time of recombination arrest. stratum 4 covers the distal half of the human x chromosome short arm and the p-distance of the strat ... | 2010 | 20650009 |
| new insights into the evolution of chromosome 1. | a complex low-repetitive human dna probe (bac rp11-35b4) together with two microdissection-derived region-specific probes of the multicolor banding (mcb) probe-set for chromosome 1 were used to re-analyze the evolution of human chromosome 1 in comparison to four ape species. bac rp11-35b4 derives from 1q21 and contains 143 kb of non-repetitive dna; however, it produces three specific fish signals in 1q21, 1p12 and 1p36.1 of homo sapiens (hsa). human chromosome 1 was studied in comparison to its ... | 2005 | 15545733 |
| functional analysis of the gibbon foot during terrestrial bipedal walking: plantar pressure distributions and three-dimensional ground reaction forces. | this paper gives a detailed analysis of bipedal walking in the white-handed gibbon, based on collected pressure and force data. these data were obtained from four gibbons in the wild animal park, planckendael, belgium, by using a walkway with integrated force plate and pressure mat. this is the first study that collects and describes dynamic plantar pressure data of bipedally walking gibbons, and combines these with force plate data. the combination of these data with previously described roll-o ... | 2005 | 15861422 |
| fatal human herpesvirus type 1 infection in a white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar). | this report documents a case of spontaneous, fatal, and likely recrudescent human herpesvirus type 1 (hhv-1) infection in a captive white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar) confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). an approximately 44-year-old, captive, female, white-handed gibbon with a history of recurrent conjunctivitis and occasional seizures became acutely weak, disoriented, and ataxic. a postictal state was suspected by caretakers and veterinary staff, and euthanasia was ultimately elected ... | 2005 | 16130997 |
| locomotor versatility in the white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar): a spatiotemporal analysis of the bipedal, tripedal, and quadrupedal gaits. | this study gives a qualitative and quantitative description of the different terrestrial locomotor modes of a group of white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) from the wild animal park planckendael, belgium. the gibbons were filmed during voluntary locomotion on a grassy and smooth substrate and on a pole. these video images allowed us to define seven different gait types, based on spatial and temporal footfall patterns. consequent digitization of the video images (n = 254) yielded duty factors, st ... | 2006 | 16516949 |
| morphological analysis of the hindlimb in apes and humans. i. muscle architecture. | we present quantitative data on the hindlimb musculature of pan paniscus, gorilla gorilla gorilla, gorilla gorilla graueri, pongo pygmaeus abelii and hylobates lar and discuss the findings in relation to the locomotor habits of each. muscle mass and fascicle length data were obtained for all major hindlimb muscles. physiological cross-sectional area (pcsa) was estimated. data were normalized assuming geometric similarity to allow for comparison of animals of different size/species. muscle mass s ... | 2006 | 16761973 |
| the boundary of macaque rdna is constituted by low-copy sequences conserved during evolution. | in macaca mulatta, the single rdna array is flanked by a patchwork of sequences including subregions of human yp11.2, 4q35.2, and 10p15.3. this composite dna region is characterized by unique or low-copy sequences, resembling a potentially transcribed region. the analysis of cercopithecus aethiops, presbytis cristata, and hylobates lar suggests that this complex sequence organization could be shared by old world monkey and lesser ape species. after the lesser apes/great apes divergence, the uniq ... | 2006 | 16765020 |
| functional morphology of the first cervical vertebra in humans and nonhuman primates. | the cervical vertebral column bears or balances the weight of the head supported by the nuchal muscles that partly originate from the cervical vertebrae. the position of the head relative to the vertebral column, and consequently locomotion and posture behavior, could thus be associated with the form of the cervical vertebrae. in spite of this assumption and some empirical indications along these lines, primate vertebral morphologies have been reported to be very similar and not clearly related ... | 2006 | 16955497 |
| cerebrospinal nematodiasis in a white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar) due to baylisascaris sp. | an adult white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar) at a zoo in eastern kansas was euthanized after developing a head tremor, generalized motor incoordination, and partial paresis of the right arm that persisted over 2 yr. magnetic resonance imaging early in the course of the disease demonstrated a localized left frontal lobe cerebritis. larvae morphologically consistent with a baylisascaris species were seen in tissue sections of the cerebrum and cerebellum. epizootiologic investigation, which include ... | 1998 | 9732041 |
| observations on food sharing in wild lar gibbons (hylobates lar). | | 1998 | 9885343 |
| the syntax and meaning of wild gibbon songs. | spoken language is a result of the human capacity to assemble simple vocal units into more complex utterances, the basic carriers of semantic information. not much is known about the evolutionary origins of this behaviour. the vocal abilities of non-human primates are relatively unimpressive in comparison, with gibbon songs being a rare exception. these apes assemble a repertoire of call notes into elaborate songs, which function to repel conspecific intruders, advertise pair bonds, and attract ... | 2006 | 17183705 |
| a high-resolution map of synteny disruptions in gibbon and human genomes. | gibbons are part of the same superfamily (hominoidea) as humans and great apes, but their karyotype has diverged faster from the common hominoid ancestor. at least 24 major chromosome rearrangements are required to convert the presumed ancestral karyotype of gibbons into that of the hominoid ancestor. up to 28 additional rearrangements distinguish the various living species from the common gibbon ancestor. using the northern white-cheeked gibbon (2n = 52) (nomascus leucogenys leucogenys) as a mo ... | 2006 | 17196042 |
| home-range characteristics and the influence of seasonality on female reproduction in white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) at khao yai national park, thailand. | a three-year (2001-2003) study was carried out on the home range characteristics of seven wild white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar) groups focusing on the spatio-temporal distribution of food resources at khao yai national park in northeastern thailand. these results were combined with 23 years (1980-2003) of reproductive performance data on seven females from the same focal groups. reproductive performance was equal among females with regard to birth, weaning and maturation ratios, and independe ... | 2008 | 17960726 |
| tracking the complex flow of chromosome rearrangements from the hominoidea ancestor to extant hylobates and nomascus gibbons by high-resolution synteny mapping. | in this study we characterized the extension, reciprocal arrangement, and orientation of syntenic chromosomal segments in the lar gibbon (hylobates lar, hla) by hybridization of a panel of approximately 1000 human bac clones. each lar gibbon rearrangement was defined by a splitting bac clone or by two overlapping clones flanking the breakpoint. a reconstruction of the synteny arrangement of the last common ancestor of all living lesser apes was made by combining these data with previous results ... | 2008 | 18552313 |
| evolutionary modifications of human milk composition: evidence from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of anthropoid milks. | brain growth in mammals is associated with increased accretion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lcpufa) in brain phospholipids. the period of maximum accumulation is during the brain growth spurt. humans have a perinatal brain growth spurt, selectively accumulating docosahexaenoic acid (dha) and other lcpufa from the third trimester through the second year of life. the emphasis on rapid postnatal brain growth and lcpufa transfer during lactation has led to the suggestion that human mil ... | 2008 | 18809203 |
| analysis of the genetic relationships among thai gibbon species using aflp markers. | cytogenetic studies of three gibbon species using conventional banding patterns were investigated showing an identical number of 44 diploid chromosomes. they are assumed to have common evolutionary relationships. for in depth study, molecular markers were assessed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) method. with seven successful primer combinations, a total of 1669 scorable bands were generated. the resulting bands were used for dendrogram construction. from the dendrogram, t ... | 2007 | 19069957 |
| milk composition of captive vervet monkey (chlorocebus pygerythrus) and rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) with observations on gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) and white handed gibbon (hylobates lar). | the nutrient content and fatty acid composition of vervet monkey milk has been determined and is compared with rhesus macaque, and two hominoid apes, the white handed gibbon and gorilla. with 15.7+/-4.1 g protein, 33.1+/-9.4 g fat, and 85.1+/-7.5 g lactose per kg milk, vervet monkey milk does not differ from that of rhesus macaque, and is within the range of other primates. small amounts (>1 g kg(-1)) of oligosaccharides, glucose, galactose and fucose were noted. in comparison, gorilla milk has ... | 2009 | 19168147 |
| superior olivary complex organization and cytoarchitecture may be correlated with function and catarrhine primate phylogeny. | in the mammalian auditory system, the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and the lateral superior olive (mntb-lso system) contribute to binaural intensity processing and lateralization. localization precision varies with the sound frequencies. as recency of common ancestry with human beings increases, primates have improved low-frequency sensitivity and reduced sensitivity to higher frequencies. the medial part of the mntb is devoted to higher frequency processing. thus, its high-frequency-dep ... | 2009 | 19184100 |
| relic of ancient recombinations in gibbon abo blood group genes deciphered through phylogenetic network analysis. | the primate abo blood group gene encodes a glycosyl transferase (either a or b type), and is known to have large coalescence times among the allelic lineages in human. we determined nucleotide sequences of ca. 2.2kb of this gene for 23 individuals of three gibbon species (agile gibbon, white-handed gibbon, and siamang), and observed a total of 24 haplotypes. we found relics of five ancient intragenic recombinations, occurred during ca. 2-7 million years ago, through a phylogenetic network analys ... | 2009 | 19298858 |
| sterile pyuria in a population of wild white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar). | urinalysis is an emerging method for monitoring the health and energy balance of wild primates. here, we report the first urinalysis of wild gibbons. we used multi-reagent test strips to monitor the health status of 52 individual white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) inhabiting khao yai national park, thailand. most urinary reference values were within normal ranges; however, regardless of age- and sex-class or monthly fruit productivity, we found unexpectedly high rates of urinary leukocytes (50 ... | 2009 | 19514046 |
| visual preference in a human-reared agile gibbon (hylobates agilis). | visual preference was evaluated in a male agile gibbon. the subject was raised by humans immediately after birth, but lived with his biological family from one year of age. visual preference was assessed using a free-choice task in which five or six photographs of different primate species, including humans, were presented on a touch-sensitive screen. the subject touched one of them. food rewards were delivered irrespective of the subject's responses. we prepared two types of stimulus sets. with ... | 2010 | 19882208 |
| effectiveness of primate seed dispersers for an "oversized" fruit, garcinia benthamii. | the largest fruits found in tropical forests may depend on complementary seed dispersal strategies. these fruits are dispersed most effectively by megafauna, but populations can persist where megafauna are absent or erratic visitors. smaller animals often consume these large fruits, but their capacity to disperse these seeds effectively has rarely been assessed. we evaluated the contributions of gibbons (hylobates lar) and other frugivores in the seed dispersal of the megafaunal fruit garcinia b ... | 2015 | 26649394 |
| identification of human specific gene duplications relative to other primates by array cgh and quantitative pcr. | in order to identify human lineage specific (hls) copy number differences (cnds) compared to other primates, we performed pair wise comparisons (human vs. chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan) by using cdna array comparative genomic hybridization (cgh). a set of 23 genes with hls duplications were identified, as well as other lineage differences in gene copy number specific of chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan. each species has gained more copies of specific genes rather than losing gene copies. el ... | 2010 | 20153417 |
| comprehensive analyses of white-handed gibbon chromosomes enables access to 92 evolutionary conserved breakpoints compared to the human genome. | gibbon species (hylobatidae) impress with an unusually high number of numerical and structural chromosomal changes within the family itself as well as compared to other hominoidea including humans. in former studies applying molecular cytogenetic methods, 86 evolutionary conserved breakpoints (ecbs) were reported in the white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar, hla) with respect to the human genome. to analyze those ecbs in more detail and also to achieve a better understanding of the fast karyotype e ... | 2015 | 25926034 |
| context-specific close-range "hoo" calls in wild gibbons (hylobates lar). | close range calls are produced by many animals during intra-specific interactions, such as during home range defence, playing, begging for food, and directing others. in this study, we investigated the most common close range vocalisation of lar gibbons (hylobates lar), the 'hoo' call. gibbons and siamangs (family hylobatidae) are known for their conspicuous and elaborate songs, while quieter, close range vocalisations have received almost no empirical attention, perhaps due to the difficult obs ... | 2015 | 25888361 |