| recombinant growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor i do not alter gonadotrophin stimulation of the baboon testis in vivo. | in vitro studies indicate a physiological role for insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) in paracrine regulation of testicular function and recent clinical studies suggest a potential role for growth hormone (gh) and/or igf-i in the treatment of hypogonadotrophic states in males. this study aimed to examine the effects of pretreatment with recombinant human gh (rhgh) or rhigf-i on the response to gonadotrophins of the non-human primate testis in vivo. using a balanced latin square design with rep ... | 1994 | 7921230 |
| verreaux's eagles (aquila verreauxi) as potential predators of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) in eritrea. | in this paper we describe for the first time encounters of verreaux's eagle (aquila verreauxi) with hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) in the central highlands of eritrea (15 degrees 22' n, 38 degrees 58' e, 2300 m). during 12 h of observation on 4 days, we observed four encounters of verreaux's eagles with baboons, of which three can be classified as possible attacks. the baboons always responded with alarm calls. in three cases some immatures rushed to adult group members and clung ... | 1999 | 9888722 |
| ranging behavior, group size and behavioral flexibility in ethiopian hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). | this study reports group size, home range size, daily path lengths, seasonal effects on ranging behavior and qualitative information on diet for a population of hamadryas baboons inhabiting the lowlands of the northern rift valley in central ethiopia. the minimum home range size and daily path length for this population are similar to those reported for other populations of hamadryas baboons in ethiopia and saudi arabia. group sizes, however, are much larger than those in most other hamadryas po ... | 2002 | 12207056 |
| crossing the red sea: phylogeography of the hamadryas baboon, papio hamadryas hamadryas. | the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas) is found both in east africa and western arabia and is the only free-ranging nonhuman primate in arabia. it has been hypothesized that hamadryas baboons colonized arabia in the recent past and were possibly even transported there by humans. we investigated the phylogeography of hamadryas baboons by sequencing a portion of the control region of mtdna in 107 baboons from four saudi arabian populations and combing these data with published data from ... | 2004 | 15315692 |
| low y chromosome variation in saudi-arabian hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). | it is important to characterise the amount of variation on the mammalian y chromosome in order to assess its potential for use in evolutionary studies. we report very low levels of polymorphism on the y chromosome of saudi-arabian hamadryas baboons, papio hamadryas hamadryas. we found no segregating sites on the y, despite sequence analysis of 3 kb noncontiguous intron sequence in 16 males with divergent autosomal microsatellite genotypes, and a further analysis of 1.1 kb intron sequence in 97 m ... | 2006 | 16508662 |
| genetic evidence for female-biased dispersal and gene flow in a polygynous primate. | many models of sex-biased dispersal predict that the direction of sex-bias depends upon a species' mating system. in agreement with this, almost all polygynous mammals show male-biased dispersal whereas largely monogamous birds show female-biased dispersal (fbd). the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas) is polygynous and so dispersal is predicted to be male biased, as is found in all other baboon subspecies, but there are conflicting field data showing both female and male dispersal. usi ... | 2006 | 16615216 |
| use of palm trees as a sleeping site for hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) in ethiopia. | hamadryas baboons sleep on cliffs throughout their range, and this can be attributed to the safety cliffs provide against predators in the absence of tall trees. in this paper, we report the first documented occurrence of hamadryas baboons sleeping in doum palm trees rather than on cliffs. data derive from a study of hamadryas baboons at the filoha site in lowland ethiopia. during all-day follows, data were collected on travel patterns, band activity, and location. variation in the baboons' home ... | 2008 | 17701992 |
| network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies. | recent studies have demonstrated that human societies are hierarchically structured with a consistent scaling ratio across successive layers of the social network; each layer of the network is between three and four times the size of the preceding (smaller) grouping level. here we show that similar relationships hold for four mammalian taxa living in multi-level social systems. for elephant (loxodonta africana), gelada (theropithecus gelada) and hamadryas (papio hamadryas hamadryas) baboon, succ ... | 2008 | 18765349 |
| effectiveness of saliva collection and enzyme-immunoassay for the quantification of cortisol in socially housed baboons. | circulating cortisol levels are often used to assess the biological stress response in captive primates. some methods commonly used to collect blood samples may alter the stress response. as such, noninvasive means to analyze cortisol levels are increasingly being developed. we adapted an existing collection method to simultaneously obtain saliva from multiple socially living hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) and validated an enzyme-immunoassay kit to quantify cortisol within the sal ... | 2008 | 18785637 |
| the use of a hypo-osmotic swelling (hos) test on sperm of the pig (sus scrofa domesticus), emu (dromaius novaehollandiae), asian elephant (elephas maximus), hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas), and central rock rat (zyzomys pedunculatus). | a hypo-osmotic swelling test using talp-hepes medium over a range of 50 to 300 mosm/kg was applied to sperm from domestic and endangered species. maximal responses of curling of the sperm tails were seen over a range of osmolalities for epididymal sperm from the pig (100 mosm/kg), hamadryas baboon (range 50-125 mosm/kg), and central rock rat (range 50-100 mosm/kg), and the ejaculated sperm from the emu (50 mosm/kg) and the asian elephant (range 75-150 mosm/kg). a solution of talp-hepes medium at ... | 2009 | 19734955 |
| serological evidence of coronavirus infections in native hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) of the kingdom of saudi arabia. | the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas) is the only indigenous species of non-human primates (nhp) found in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa). there are no peer-reviewed publications on viral infections of the baboons of ksa. apart from camels, other animals are likely sources of the novel middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (merscov) for humans. we investigated evidence of highly pathogenic coronavirus infections including merscov in a large group of commensal baboons accompan ... | 2017 | 28478775 |
| effect of diet on dental development in four species of catarrhine primates. | in this study, dental development is described in two pairs of closely related catarrhine primate species that differ in their degree of folivory: 1) hylobates lar and symphalangus syndactylus, and 2) papio hamadryas hamadryas and semnopithecus entellus. growth increments in histological thin sections are used to reconstruct the chronology of dental development to determine how dental development is accelerated in the more folivorous species of each pair. although anterior tooth formation appear ... | 2003 | 12966517 |
| an alu insertion polymorphism in a baboon hybrid zone. | a novel polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer pair was used to analyze the frequency of insertion of the first described, nonhuman, baboon-specific alu repetitive element in populations from the papio hamadryas anubis and the papio hamadryas hamadryas subspecies, and from a number of anubis-hamadryas hybrids. the alu insertion is found in intron 7 of the baboon lipoprotein lipase (lpl) gene. each of the populations had different frequencies for the insertion, and the hybrids examined had a freq ... | 1999 | 10342460 |
| seasonality of reproductive events and early mortality in a colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) over a 30-year period: capital breeding and life history patterns in a food-provisioned population seasonally thermally stressed. | in environments where energy demands and resource availability vary seasonally, individuals are expected to time the optimal allocation of resources to support survival and reproduction. although female baboons are regarded as all year round, capital breeders, we wondered how they would respond in an ecological scenario where food were not limiting, foraging effort were negligible, and they were thermally stressed during the cold winter. this study analyzes a 30-year database of conceptions, bir ... | 2016 | 27273743 |
| group compositional changes impact the social and feeding behaviors of captive hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). | the formation and modification of social groups in captivity are delicate management tasks. the ability for personnel to anticipate changes in group dynamics following compositional changes can increase the likelihood of successful management with minimized injury or social instability. hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) have a distinctive multi-level social system comprising of one-male units (omus) that can make it difficult to apply knowledge from other primates' multi-female/multi ... | 2016 | 26828857 |
| the adaptive value of secondary males in the polygynous multi-level society of hamadryas baboons. | one-male social systems are usually characterized by polygyny and reproductive exclusion by a single resident male. sometimes, however, secondary males join these groups, and this may carry fitness costs and/or benefits to the resident male. in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas), which live in one-male units (omus) with female defense polygyny within a multi-level social system, secondary "follower" males often reside in omus. our aim here is to examine possible benefits of these seco ... | 2015 | 26174200 |
| crowding increases salivary cortisol but not self-directed behavior in captive baboons. | reduced space can lead to crowding in social animals. crowding increases the risk of agonistic interactions that, in turn, may require additional physiological defensive coping mechanisms affecting health. to determine the stress induced from increased social density in a group of nineteen baboons living in an indoor/outdoor enclosure, saliva cortisol levels and rates of anxiety-related behavior were analyzed across two unique crowding episodes. initially, mean salivary cortisol levels when anim ... | 2015 | 25598488 |
| female "dispersal" in hamadryas baboons: transfer among social units in a multilevel society. | unlike most cercopithecines, hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) are characterized by female-biased dispersal. to clarify this pattern within the context of their hierarchical social system (comprising one-male units, clans, bands, and troops), we report here 7 years of data on female transfers among social units in wild hamadryas baboons in ethiopia. female tenure in one-male units (omus) ranged from 1 to 2,556 days (n = 208) and survival analysis revealed a median tenure length of 1, ... | 2011 | 21469076 |
| testing the function of reconciliation and third-party affiliation for aggressors in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). | in social groups, agonistic conflicts can have different negative consequences. several post-conflict interactions have been suggested as post-conflict management behaviors to mitigate those negative effects. in this study, we investigated the function of two post-conflict behaviors--reconciliation and aggressor-initiated third-party affiliation--on the aggressor's levels of post-conflict anxiety and aggression in a large colony of hamadryas baboons. we also examined variation in the aggressor's ... | 2009 | 18837043 |
| conflict management by hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) during crowding: a tension-reduction strategy. | primates change a variety of behavioral responses during short-term exposure to crowding. under crowded conditions, rates of aggression, submissive behavior, and affiliative behavior may increase or decrease. different patterns of change among these three categories of response have been interpreted as various coping "strategies" for managing the increased risk of conflict under crowded conditions. grooming is of particular interest because this behavior is known to have a calming influence on t ... | 2006 | 16892412 |
| one-male units and clans in a colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas): effect of male number and clan cohesion on feeding success. | in the multilevel societies of hamadryas baboons, adult males can be attached to single one-male units (omus) or to clans containing several such omus. this paper examines the effect of male number and rivalry between males within a clan on their ability to compete for access to a clumped food resource. the data come from a study of a multilevel colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) housed at the madrid zoo. the colony consisted of 12 harem-holding males and 40 sexually mature ... | 2006 | 16419105 |
| early sexual maturity in male hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) and its reproductive implications. | we present data on sexual maturity in young hamadryas baboon males (papio hamadryas hamadryas) and its reproductive consequences in a large captive baboon colony. hamadryas baboons live in a multilevel social system, with one-male units (omus) as the smallest social entity. male leaders of omus are believed to monopolize matings within their omus; hence mating is believed to be polygynous and monandrous. in a captive colony of hamadryas baboons, we found evidence that young males less than 4 yea ... | 2006 | 16331661 |
| regularities and diversity in developmental pathways: mother-infant relationships in hamadryas baboons. | change, stasis, stability, discontinuity, orderliness, and diversity are all potential characteristics of developmental systems. this study uses multilevel modeling to characterize the normative developmental pathways of the early social relationships of 23 mother-infant pairs embedded in a multilayered colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas). the relationships were assessed by means of 27 behavioral measures that were collected during 100-220 focal sampling sessions per infant, ... | 2005 | 16284971 |
| rank and grooming reciprocity among females in a mixed-sex group of captive hamadryas baboons. | in a mixed-sex, captive group of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) we investigated whether female grooming relationships are affected by their dominance ranks. seyfarth's [1977] grooming for support model and barrett et al.'s [1999] biological market model both predict that in primate groups where competition for monopolizable resources is high, grooming among females is based, at least partly, on the interchange of grooming for rank-related benefits, and that rank thus influences th ... | 2001 | 11536314 |
| biochemical heterozygosity and morphologic variation in a colony of papio hamadryas hamadryas baboons. | this analysis examines the association between genetic heterozygosity and individual morphologic variation in a captive population of papio hamadryas hamadryas consisting of 403 juveniles and adults. the population structure of the colony was artificially generated and maintained and is thus rigorously defined. subpopulations delimited by age, sex, and degree of inbreeding are also explored. heterozygosity, as enumerated from six simple mendelian biochemical loci, is compared with the residual m ... | 1994 | 28564474 |
| variation in lp(a) levels and apo(a) isoform frequencies in five baboon subspecies. | elevated levels of lipoprotein (a) [lp(a)] are positively correlated with risk of cardiovascular disease and are thought to be a function of allelic variation in apo(a), the unique protein component of lp(a). in this article we examine subspecies variation in lp(a) levels and apo(a) isoforms in the baboon. breeding populations of the five subspecies (papio hamadryas hamadryas, p.h. cynocephalus, p.h. ursinus, p.h. papio, and p.h. anubis) of common long-tailed baboons are maintained at the southw ... | 1991 | 2004745 |