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jos virus infection in domestic animals and primates. pathogenicity and immunological studies.three species of domestic animals (rabbits, sheep and goats) and two species of primates erythrocebus patas monkeys and baboon (papio anubis) were infected with jos virus. none of the infected animals developed viraemia or overt clinical disease. complement-fixing and neutralising antibodies were demonstrated in sera of infected animals.197941441
schistosoma mansoni in the kenyan baboon (papio anubis): the development and predictability of resistance to homologous challenge.groups of baboons were exposed to primary infections of either 500 or 2,000 schistosoma mansoni cercariae per baboon (c.p.b.). five from each infection level and five uninfected baboons were challenged with 2,500 c.p.b. at one of four intervals of time after primary infection and killed ten weeks later, together with unchallenged appropriate primary infection controls. primary faecal egg excretion was related to the cercarial dose, showing some systematic fluctuations during the 78 weeks of the ...197897819
muscle function and structure of the esophagus of the baboon (papio anubis).a baboon (papio anubis) was used as a model for the study of the physiology of the esophagus. this model closely resembles the human being phylogenetically and physiologically. base-line lower esophageal sphincter pressure and peristaltic amplitude are similar to that of man. in addition, the anatomic transition from striated to smooth muscle is identical to that of the human esophagus. the sphincter-depressing effect of ketamine anesthesia was demonstrated.197898078
medical and surgical approach to laryngeal air sacculitis in a baboon caused by pasteurella multocida.air sacculitis was diagnosed in a chronically chaired baboon, papio anubis. pasteurella multocida was repeatedly isolated from the air sac for a period of 1 year. the condition was characterized by the continuous accumulation of either mucoserous or purulent fluid. biopsies of the air sac taken during the course of the disease initially revealed goblet cell hyperplasia. later a subepithalial mononuclear or polymorphonuclear infiltrate and necrosis was the predominate finding. medical therapy was ...1978108467
the baboon as a primate model for the study of endometrium.a series of transcervical uterine biopsy specimens were obtained at various stages of the menstrual cycle from a colony of 11 normally cycling female baboons, papio anubis and papio cynocephalus. morphologically, baboon endometrium appeared to be similar to human endometrium. alkaline phosphatase activity was maximal throughout the preovulatory phase and during the late postovulatory period. during the preovulatory phase acid phosphatase was not demonstrable but increased after ovulation to reac ...1979110149
schistosomiasis in omo national park of southwest ethiopia.schistosomiasis mansoni infection was found in more than 50 tourists who had visited omo national park, ethiopia, and bathed and swum in the mui river. a survey revealed schistosoma mansoni infection in 41% of park residents and in 33% of the neighboring suri people. eggs were found in stools and adult worms at autopsy of wild papio anubis and cercopithecus aethiops. trematode larvae were found in 27% of biomphalaria pfeifferi snails found in the mui river. the source of the disease and the impl ...1979110163
a comparison of hemoglobin a1c in human and baboon blood.cation exchange chromatography was performed on hemolysates prepared from human and baboon (papio anubis) blood. in humans with diabetes mellitus and in baboons with pancreatectomy induced diabetes mellitus there were significant increases in hbs a1, a1c, and a1a +a1b. the quantity of hb a1 and hb a1c in nondiabetic baboons was approximately one-half the quantity of hb a1 and hb a1c in nondiabetic humans. these differences may be explained by the differences in survival time between human and ba ...1979115206
female aggression and male membership in troops of japanese macaques and olive baboons.a detailed comparison of macaca fuscata and papio anubis reveals that female aggression to males has an effect on male association with females in both species, but only in m. fuscata do females appear to be able to limit the number of males in their troop. it is suggested that this is the reasons why 'solitary' males are commonly reported in m. fuscata, but rare in p. anubis, and may be related ultimately to the different degrees of sexual dimorphism in the two species.1979116946
viral infections of the captive kenya baboon (papio cynocephalus): a five-year epidemiologic study of an outdoor colony.rectal swabs, throat swabs, fecal samples, tissues, and sera were collected from 334 adult and infant kenya baboons (papio cynocephalus) in captivity at this institution over a 5-year period. a total of 4,893 specimens were collected, resulting in the isolation of 582 viral isolates (11.9%). the month of november yielded the lowest isolation rate, while the month of january produced the highest rate. the most commonly isolated viruses in adults and infants were sv6 and sv23, followed by n125, sv ...1977195135
nonhuman primates: laboratory animals of choice for neurophysiologic studies of sleep.a systematic study was made of several nonhuman primates to learn more about their relative usefulness for studies of sleep. species studied included the guinea baboon (papio papio), kenya or yellow baboon (p cynocephalus), olive baboon (p anubis), sacred baboon (p hamadryas), vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), bonnet monkey (m radiata), crab-eating monkey (m fascicularis), patas monkey (erythrocebus patas), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), mongoose lemur (lemur ...1977201798
behavioral assessment of risk-taking and psychophysical functions in the baboon.laboratory procedures have been developed for the experimental analysis of risk-taking and psychophysical functions in dog-faced baboons (papio anubis). in a procedure analogous to the traffic light situation, animals are rewarded with food pellets for completing a fixed ratio of 100 responses in the presence of a green light. superimposed upon this baseline performance are 5-second presentations of a yellow warning light terminated by a red light in the presence of which all responses are punis ...1979299585
scanning electron microscopy of ejaculated baboon (papio anubis) spermatozoon.scanning electron microscopy has been used in order to provide the morphological study including comparative measurements of the main parts of the baboon spermatozoon. if the dimensions of the head and the mid-piece are fairly close to the human spermatozoon, the baboon spermatozoon is practically twice as long as the human one. in the baboon spermatozoon, the head appears smooth with only a light ransversal furrow at the level of its posterior third, which probably marks the limit of the poster ...1977404832
erythrokinetic studies on baboons (papio anubis) with acute experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. 1977407276
the susceptibility to praziquantel of schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (papio anubis) and of s. japonicum in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops). 1977410180
the olive babbon (papio anubis) as an animal model for research in affective disorders of man.efforts were made to develop an animal model for studies of the role of biogenic amines in a group of human "mood" diseases including mania and depression. subadult, male olive baboons (papio anubis), both normal and psychologically disturbed individuals, were anesthetized and administered 18o-enriched air for 60-130 minutes. afterwards blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were collected every hour, for 10 hours. the samples were subsequently fragmentographically analyzed for labelled metabolit ...1977413003
eosinophilia in kenyan baboons (papio anubis) induced by trichinella spiralis and schistosoma mansoni.high primary doses of trichinella spiralis administered orally to kenyan baboons (papio anubis) induced a marked but unpredictable eosinophilia which started 2--3 weeks after infection and persisted as erratic waves for at least 6 months. low primary oral doses induced no eosinophilia but a later, high challenge gave an accelerated eosinophilic response, although the peak was lower than in high primary infection. intravenous injection of infective t. spiralis larvae resulted in a predictable, ra ...1977413084
kidney lesions in baboons infected with schistosoma mansoni.glomerular lesions in baboons (papio anubis) infected with different dosage regimes of schistosoma mansoni were studied by immunofluorescence and light microscopy on kidney sections and by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis on kidney homogenates and tissue eluates. mild lesions, characterized by focal and segmental deposits of immune complexes, developed in sixty-two out of 103 baboons, irrespective of the intensity and duration of the infection. severe, diffuse lesions developed in six baboon ...1977414868
loa loa: experimental infection in two species of african primates.four species of primates, baboon (papio anubis), patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas), green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) and chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) were inoculated with third-stage larvae of a human strain of loa loa from cameroon, west african. the baboon and patas monkeys developed patent infections after 135 to 148 days; the green monkeys and chimpanzee did not. in each animal which became patent, microfilaremia rose rapidly to high levels. in the baboon, but not in the patas monkeys, ...1975808145
ultrastructure of baboon parotid gland.the parotid gland of the olive baboon, papio anubis, was examined by electron microscopy. the acini are all serous in nature, and consist of pyramidal cells with abundant secretory granules of varying size. these granules consist of a dense matrix in which a denser spherule or lenticular body is present. granules linked by a short isthmus are observed in the apical cytoplasm, and granules in the process of discharging their contents to the acinar lumen may be connected to the luminal plasma memb ...1976814843
bipedal behavior of olive baboons (papio anubis) and its relevance to an understanding of the evolution of human bipedalism.the bipedal behavior of a troop of olive baboons (papio anubis) is described. bipedalism is relatively rare but nevertheless occurs in a wide variety of situations, although bipedalism during feeding occurs much more frequently than in other situations. the incidence of bipedalism varies between different age-sex classes and between individuals within age-sex classes. this pattern of bipedalism occurred within an overall adaptive response, particularly in feeding behavior, which was similar to t ...1976816205
ranging patterns of a troop of baboons (papio anubis) in kenya.a troop of olive baboons, papio anubis, was studied for 11 months in an open-country habitat near gilgil, kenya. detailed mapping of troop movements was undertaken and provided a precise picture of range usage, showing that a small part of the range was used intensively. gradations of home range use are described quantitatively. tendencies to spread out and coalesce in different parts of the range are investigated. shifting ranging patterns are examined together with meteorological factors, seas ...1976817989
a study of germ cell morphology and duration of spermatogenic cycle in the baboon, papio anubis.biopsy and orchiectomy specimens were collected from two adult baboons (papio anubis) at different intervals after intratesticular injection of h3-thymidine. zenker-formol or bouin's fixed materials were stained with pas-weigert-hematoxylin and radioautographed using the h.s.r. (harleco synthetic resin) coating technique. morphological features of most germ cells appeared similar to those of other monkeys, except that the spermatids in steps 9 to 11 showed a spike-like projection of the acrosome ...1976818923
lack of humanlike active vasodilation in skin of heat-stressed baboons.to discover whether humanlike active skin vasodilation occurs in a sweating, subhuman primate, four unanesthetized male baboons (papio anubis) were heated (blood temp = 39-39.5 degrees c) before and after arterial administration of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phenoxybenzamine hcl. hcat stress alone increased common iliac vascular conductance (civc) from 1.2 to 3.7 ml-min-1-mmhg-1 (averages). alpha-blockade alone increased civc from 1.2 to 3.3 ml-min-1-mmhg-1. heat stress subsequent to al ...1976825108
acquired resistance to schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (papio anubis) after cercarial exposure and adult worm transplantation.observations were made on the development of acquired resistance to schistosoma haematobium in the baboon following immunization with cercariae by the percutaneous route and by the transplantation of adult worms into the mesenteric veins. in the first experiment six baboons were immunized with 1000 s. haematobium cercariae given percutaneously. they were challenged with 10 000 cercariae given 73 weeks later and the results were compared with a similar infection in non-immunized animals. the resu ...1976826226
competition for meat between chimpanzees and baboons of the gombe national park.both chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and baboons (papio anubis) at the gombe national park in western tanzania are know to catch and eat meat. there are five occasions recorded when chimpanzees were seen to seize prey from baboons and five other occasions when there was evidence strongly suggesting that an appropriation had taken place. this paper describes these observations.1977914124
schistosoma mansoni in the baboon (papio anubis): parasitological responses of kenyan baboons to different exposures of a local parasite strain.the course of infection with a local strain of schistosoma mansoni was investigated in kenyan baboons (papio anubis). a single exposure to 5000 cercariae per baboon (cpb) killed five 4-8 kg baboons; a sixth survived the full 30-week post-exposure period, with suppressed egg production after week 11. lower doses were not lethal. a single exposure to 1000 cpb gave satisfactory adult worm recoveries, high and steady faecal egg excretion, and a high tissue egg recovery, predominantly from the large ...19761012744
experimentally induced infection of dogs, cats, and nonhuman primates with ehrlichia equi, etiologic agent of equine ehrlichiosis.dogs (german shepherd dogs and beagles), cates, rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), and baboons (papio anubis) were inoculated with whrlichia equi, the etiologic agent of equine ehrlichiosis. within 3 to 7 days after inoculation, morulae were observed in the eosinophils of cats, neurtrophils of macaques and baboons, and in both neutrophils and eosinophils of dogs. the severe disease produced in horses by this agent was not a feature of e equi infection in dogs, cats, macaques, and baboons. however ...19751115421
the order of movement of yellow baboons (papio cynocephalus).the spatial organization of progressing baboons is thought to serve a protective function considered important in their adaptation to a terrestrial existence. progression positions of identified black infants, adult males, and other yellow baboons were determined from repeated samples of troop movements. spatial positioning by demographic class was similar to that previously found for three troops of anubis baboons living in two different habitats. such consistency across species and habitats se ...19751140751
a study of baboon hemoglobin.electrophoretic analysis of hemoglobin types of 409 baboons of various species, mostly from senegal, corresponds with the findings of other authors. baboon hemoglobin is homogeneous as a whole, but differs electrophoretically from that of other monkey species. however, a difference in the electrophoretic mobility of the nonhemoglobin fraction of papio anubis and papio cynocephalus suggests a possibly different amino-acid sequence. this information may be useful for the classification in doubtful ...19751146987
the effects of age on glutathione synthesis enzymes in lenses of old world simians and prosimians.the activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, the two enzymes required for glutathione synthesis, were determined as a function of age in lenses of three species of old world higher primates: orangutan, pigtail monkey and olive baboon. these were compared to enzyme activities in lenses of two prosimians: mouse lemur and galago. gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity decreased as a function of age in all three old world simians. the rate of decrease was great ...19921355706
interactions of the beta carboline abecarnil with the high pressure neurological syndrome in a primate model.the neurophysiological interactions between the high pressure neurological syndrome (hpns) and a new beta carboline, abecarnil, were studied in the non-human primate papio anubis. abecarnil is a partial agonist at the benzodiazepine site on the gaba/benzodiazepine receptor. six animals were exposed on two occasions to pressures of 91 ata in an environment of helium and oxygen. one exposure was pretreated with a total dose of abecarnil 1.0 mg/kg, the other with an equivalent volume of vehicle. tr ...19921365651
evidence for the presence of the estrogen receptor in the ovary of the baboon (papio anubis).although intraovarian estrogen has been firmly established as an important factor in the regulation of ovarian follicular development and function in the rat, an autocrine-paracrine role for estrogen in the primate ovary is not yet established. immunocytochemical identification of an estrogen receptor in the monkey follicle was negative, but it was positive for the granulosa cells of antral follicles of the human ovary. in the present study baboon ovaries obtained during the follicular phase wer ...19921400887
active immunization of baboons (papio anubis) with the bovine lh receptor.four baboons (papio anubis) were actively immunized with bovine lh receptor for periods of 6-22 months. serum antibody levels were measured by an enzyme immunoabsorbant assay (elisa). antibodies against the receptor were detected 2 weeks after the first injection. antisera caused an inhibition in the binding of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) to its receptor as well as inhibited the production of hcg induced testosterone by rat leydig cells in culture. serum estradiol and progesterone levels ...19921548629
pulmonary echinococcus granulosus in a baboon (papio anubis). 19911658451
distribution of glutamine-like immunoreactivity in the cerebellum of rat and baboon (papio anubis) with reference to the issue of metabolic compartmentation.the cellular and subcellular localization of glutamine, a major glutamate precursor, was studied by means of an antiserum raised against glutaraldehyde-fixed glutamine. ultrathin sections from the cerebellar cortex of rat and baboon (papio anubis) were incubated sequentially in the primary antiserum and in a secondary antibody coupled to colloidal gold particles. the labelling intensity was quantified by computer-aided calculation of gold particle densities. high levels of immunoreactivity occur ...19911686533
cloning of a recombinant complementary dna to a baboon (papio anubis) estradiol-dependent oviduct-specific glycoprotein.the estradiol-dominated baboon oviduct synthesizes and secretes a glycoprotein (mol wt, 120,000) that binds to oocyte zona pellucida in vivo. this glycoprotein separates into two major isoelectric variants (pl 8.0 and 4.5) on two-dimensional electrophoretic gels. this study was undertaken to further characterize the steroid-controlled gene expression of this glycoprotein. a recombinant cdna library was prepared to poly(a)+ rna isolated from oviducts obtained from estradiol-treated baboons. the l ...19911716345
the mossy cells of the fascia dentata: a comparative study of their fine structure and synaptic connections in rodents and primates.in this study the fine structure and synaptic connections of mossy cells in the rat and monkey fascia dentata were analyzed. in order to study commissural connections of identified mossy cells in the rat, hilar neurons were retrogradely labeled by horseradish peroxidase (hrp) or fast blue (fb) injections into the contralateral hippocampus. vibratome sections containing retrogradely hrp-labeled hilar neurons were golgi-impregnated and gold-toned. hilar commissural neurons identified by contralate ...19911744242
induction of multiple follicular development and superovulation in the olive baboon, papio anubis.the objective of this study was to induce multiple follicular development and superovulation in the olive baboon. beginning at menses, adult female baboons were treated with hmg for 10 days followed by hcg on day 11. multiple follicular development was seen in all 19 animals; superovulation occurred in 11 of these. serum e2 and p levels were consistent with multiple follicular and corpora lutea development, respectively. ovulated ova were able to be fertilized. these results indicate that olive ...19911757974
the effects of the competitive nmda receptor antagonist cpp on the high pressure neurological syndrome in a primate model.neurophysiological interactions between the competitive n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) preferring receptor antagonist, cpp (3-((+-)-2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate) and the high pressure neurological syndrome (hpns) have been investigated in the non-human primate papio anubis. eight animals were exposed on two occasions to environmental pressures of 81 atmospheres absolute (ata) in a hyperbaric chamber, using helium and oxygen. one exposure followed pretreatment with cpp (either 5 or ...19911833661
effect of clomiphene citrate upon periovulatory endometrial development in the baboon.endometrial histology in baboons (papio cynocephalus anubis) was evaluated after five days of clomiphene citrate (cc) treatment initiated on either cycle day six (n = 8) or ten (n = 4). biopsies performed before and after a human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) induced ovulation were compared to non-cc treated controls. although cc had a definite antiestrogenic effect on perineal skin, no significant effect of endometrial proliferation was demonstrable.19911865481
acetylcholine-induced coronary vasoconstriction and vasodilation in tranquilized baboons.to determine the effects of acetylcholine on the coronary bed in the baboon and whether the effects preceded or followed the action of acetylcholine on ventricular function, eight adult baboons (papio anubis) were instrumented to measure left ventricular (lv) and mean arterial pressures, lv dp/dt, regional myocardial function, and coronary blood flow. acetylcholine was injected locally through a catheter positioned in the coronary artery ostium using fluoroscopic guidance in intact sedated baboo ...19911873865
immunological and molecular characterization of plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 in baboon (papio anubis) placental tissues.two major plasminogen activator inhibitors (pai-1 and pai-2) increase in the peripheral circulation during pregnancy in humans. pai-1 is of vascular endothelial origin whereas pai-2 is produced primarily by human placental tissues. this study was undertaken to determine a) if pai-1 and pai-2 are also present in the baboon and b) their association with pregnancy. citrated plasma was obtained from pregnant baboons sequentially at 15 +/- 3-day intervals between days 30 and 140 of pregnancy. pai act ...19911878436
number and distribution of retinal ganglion cells in anubis baboons (papio anubis).the number of retinal ganglion cells in papio anubis was determined from light microscopic observations of wholemounted and vertically sectioned retinal tissue and electron microscopic examination of optic nerve cross sections. the total number of ganglion cells ranged from 1.41 to 1.81 million (mean 1.58 million, n = 6, sd = 169,927) per retina. the distribution of ganglion cells in cresyl violet stained wholemounts was also examined. isodensity contours were almost circular perifoveally, but b ...19911878774
is lipsmacking an indicator of social status in baboons?lipsmacking is performed by many old world monkey species, and some studies of baboons and macaques suggest that lipsmacking may be associated with social status. we studied 60 adult anubis baboons (papio cynocephalus anubis) for 18 months, measured social status and the rate of lipsmacking, and used these data to test the hypothesis that lipsmacking is related to social status. our results indicate that social status and lipsmacking were not significantly correlated for either males or females. ...19911937282
aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivities in the inferior olive and climbing fibre system: a light microscopic and semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rat and baboon (papio anubis).a post-embedding immunogold procedure was used to analyse, in a semiquantitative manner, the distributions of aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivities in the inferior olive and climbing fibre system in rats and baboons. the neurons in the inferior olive were uniformly labelled for aspartate as well as glutamate, indicating a 100% co-localization of these two amino acids in the cell bodies. the level of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the climbing fibre terminals was similar to tha ...19901979432
function of the supraorbital region of primates.the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the functional significance of well-developed brow-ridges in primates is to counter powerful masticatory forces during chewing and biting. this was done by measuring and analysing patterns of in vivo bone strain recorded from rosette strain gauges bonded to the supraorbital region of macaca fascicularis (the crab-eating or long-tailed monkey) and papio anubis (the olive baboon) during mastication and incision. it was found that the suprao ...19912064549
schistosome migration in primates: a study in the olive baboon (papio anubis).the migration of isotopically labelled schistosomula of schistosoma mansoni from the skin to the hepatic portal system of baboons was tracked by autoradiography of compressed organ preparations. passage of schistosomula from skin to lungs was rapid between days 2 and 5, 72% of applied parasites being detected in the lungs at the latter time. there was an equally rapid migration from lungs to liver, 60% of the adult worm burden having arrived by day 9. perfusion data indicated a final maturation ...19902111948
immunization of baboons with attenuated schistosomula of schistosoma haematobium: levels of protection induced by immunization with larvae irradiated with 20 and 60 krad.we have shown previously that baboons (papio anubis) develop high levels (greater than 80%) of protection against challenge infection following immunization with schistosoma haematobium cercariae irradiated with 20 krad. in the present study baboons were immunized with schistosomula irradiated with either 20 krad or 60 krad, with variations in the timing and number of larvae comprising each vaccination. baboons immunized 2 or 3 times with schistosomula irradiated with 20 krad were significantly ...19902111950
molecular cloning of the baboon interferon-gamma cdna.interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is a cytokine produced by t lymphocytes and natural killer cells which has a key function in resistance against infections. baboon (papio anubis) ifn-gamma was produced by stimulation of baboon splenocytes with a lysate of staphylococcus aureus. this interferon was active on human cells and could be seroneutralized with a polyclonal antiserum against human ifn-gamma, but not with antisera against human interferon-alpha and interferon-beta. poly(a)(+)-rna was isolated ...19902118970
the fiber system of the choroidocapillaris.in the central choroid of three cynomolgus monkeys (macaca irus) and a baboon (papio anubis) the shape of the choroidocapillary sinus is determined by a system of interstitial collagen fibers, the "fiber system of the choroidocapillaris". the inner leaflet of this system is bruch's membrane. the outer leaflet consists of interwoven collagen bundles, covering the roof of the capillary sinus. straight bundles of collagen fibers passing through connective tissue columns in the choroidocapillary sin ...19902134375
in vivo phosphorus-31 nmr spectroscopy of abnormal myocardial high-energy phosphate metabolism during cardiac stress in hypertensive-hypertrophied non-human primates.to study the functional and metabolic correlates of left ventricular hypertrophy [lvh] in non-human primates, 7 hypertensive baboons [papio anubis] with 4.6 +/- 0.1 years of hypertension produced by a two-kidney one-clip model, and echocardiographically documented concentric lvh underwent serial phosphorus-31 [p-31] nmr spectroscopy studies at rest and during inotropic cardiac stress produced by dobutamine infusion [5 micrograms/kg/minute]. responses in lvh baboons were compared to those in 5 no ...19902149566
comparative microbiological and immunological studies of subgingival dental plaque from man and baboons.baboons may be useful as animal models for the study of human oral diseases and infections. they are closely related to man anatomically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. plaque and gingival indices were relatively low in 18 baboons (papio anubis). the mean scores ranged between 0.62 +/- 0.29 and 0.37 +/- 0.20, respectively. gram-positive and gram-negative cocci comprised 27.0 +/- 32.4 and 3.1 +/- 7.5% of the total viable counts in the dental plaque samples. black-pigmented bacteroides for ...19902303597
highly polymorphic apolipoprotein a-iv locus in the baboon.apolipoprotein a-iv is found in mesenteric lymph chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein particles, high density lipoprotein particles, and in the lipoprotein-free fraction of plasma. apolipoprotein a-iv is polymorphic in a variety of species including human, dog, and horse. efforts to estimate the impact of apolipoprotein a-iv structural variation on quantitative lipid levels in humans have been limited by the low frequency of the less common alleles. in the baboon, papio hamadryas anubis, w ...19902313197
vitamin a metabolism in the baboon eye.the vitamin a metabolism of eight baboon (papio cynocephalus anubis) eyes were examined. high performance liquid chromatography was utilized for quantitative analysis of retinyl esters and retinol in four eyes. retinyl ester levels in pigment epithelium (pe) were greater (3043 pmol/eye) than in neuroretina (1084 pmol/eye). however, the reverse was true for retinol levels (neuroretina = 4610 pmol/eye; pe = 1451 pmol/eye). neuroretina and pe of four remaining eyes were analyzed for retinyl ester h ...19902372694
optimum testicular aspiration technique for deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometric analysis of spermatogenesis in primates (papio anubis).deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry on testicular tissue is an established method to evaluate spermatogenesis. needle aspiration is less invasive and permits sequential sampling as compared with open testis biopsy. using seven primates, we examined the needle aspiration technique. there was no significant difference among locations aspirated; the westcott needle (bard urological, covington, ga) provided the most rapid analysis, and both the biopty gun (bard urological) and westcott needle were ...19902397795
serological survey and virus isolation of simian t-cell leukemia/t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) in non-human primates in their native countries.infection with a simian retrovirus (stlv-i) closely related to human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) was investigated in non-human primates living in their native countries in africa and asia. serum antibodies cross-reacting with htlv-i antigens were detected in 85 of 567 non-human primates of 30 species. seropositive animals were found among african green monkeys, olive baboons, sykes' monkeys, mandrills and patas monkeys in several countries in africa, and cynomolgus monkeys, celebes maca ...19872440820
fine structure of identified neurons in the primate hippocampus: a combined golgi/em study in the baboon.the hippocampi of two 1-year-old female baboons (papio anubis) were used for a combined golgi/electron microscope (em) study of characteristic cell types in the hippocampus proper and fascia dentata. results were compared with previous golgi/em studies of hippocampal neurons in small laboratory animals. cell bodies of pyramidal neurons in ca1 were more loosely distributed than known from studies on the rat or guinea pig. numerous basal and horizontal dendrites originating from the perikaryon fil ...19882464627
an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein in the baboon (papio anubis) endometrium: synthesis, immunocytochemical localization, and hormonal regulation.the major secretory product of the baboon and human decidua during pregnancy is an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (igf-bp). this study was designed to determine the site and regulation of synthesis of this protein in the nonpregnant baboon based on our previous findings that this molecule is biochemically and immunologically similar in the two species during pregnancy. endometrial tissue was obtained from cycling baboons and steroid-treated ovariectomized animals. portions of the tis ...19892468473
characterization of an insulin-like growth factor binding protein, analogous to human pregnancy-associated secreted endometrial alpha 1-globulin, in decidua of the baboon (papio anubis) placenta.the major secreted protein of the human decidua (pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha 1-globulin [alpha 1-peg]), is an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (igf-bp) that is immunologically and biochemically similar to placental protein 12 (pp12) extracted from term human placenta. since previous studies have demonstrated that the baboon and human endometrium synthesize and release a number of biochemically and immunologically related polypeptides in culture, this study was undertaken to ...19892473788
pathology resulting from the administration of a live attenuated anti-schistosoma haematobium vaccine in baboons.baboons (papio anubis) were injected in the leg muscle with 18,000 20 krad irradiated schistosomula of schistosoma haematobium. four protocols were followed: single, primary injection; single injection into animals primed by patent s. haematobium infection; secondary vaccine injection following an earlier injection; and single injection following praziquantel treatment of infected animals. injection of the putative vaccine elicited localized mixed inflammatory infiltration at the site of injecti ...19892492778
tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma induce distinct patterns of endothelial activation and associated leukocyte accumulation in skin of papio anubis.recombinant human interferon (ifn)-gamma (2 x 10(4) or 2 x 10(5) u), tumor necrosis factor (tnf, 10(4) or 10(5) u), or both were injected intracutaneously into baboons (papio anubis), and biopsies were examined at various intervals for evidence of altered endothelial cell antigen expression, endothelial morphology, and leukocyte infiltration. ifn-gamma induced increased binding of anti-hla-dp mab by 24 hours and a mild-to-moderate accumulation of mononuclear cells. tnf induced increased binding ...19892505619
disparity in the response of sex steroid-binding protein and corticosteroid-binding globulin to thyroxine in the primate.there is uncertainty regarding the differential effects of thyroid hormone on the circulating levels of sex steroid-binding protein (sbp) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (cbg). therefore, we studied the effects of elevated thyroxine (t4) on sbp and cbg concentrations in serum in 4 baboon (papio anubis) infants between 6 and 7 mo of age. the infants were given levothyroxine in increasing doses (25 to 600 micrograms) over a 1-mo period until the peripheral t4 levels were 3-4 times higher than ...19892508770
prevalence of antibodies to siv in baboons in their native habitat.we have documented rare infection of baboons in their native habitat with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). of 124 sera collected from yellow baboons in central tanzania, two gave high readings by sivagm elisa (greater than 1.0) and moderate by sivmac elisa (0.5-1.0). these two sera gave strong reactions to the major sivagm proteins, including gp130, by western blot analysis; their reactivity to sivmac protein was considerably weaker. similar testing of 155 sera from olive baboons of ethiopia ...19892543434
characterization of a new polyomavirus (polyomavirus papionis-2) isolated from baboon kidney cell cultures.viruses with papovavirus morphology were seen in fluids from baboon kidney cell cultures on three separate occasions (isolates a, b, and c). the size of the virions, 47.9 nm, placed the virus in the polyomavirus genus. it grew well in baboon kidney and vero cells and less well in human embryo lung (hel) fibroblasts. the virus could not be identified as the previously described baboon polyomavirus, sa 12, or as any of the other known primate polyomaviruses bk, jc or sv 40, the non-primate viruses ...19892546518
light and electron microscopical studies of the gaba innervation of the dorsal column nuclei and the lateral cervical nucleus in the primate species macaca fascicularis and papio anubis.in 4 monkeys of the species macaca fascicularis (2 animals) and papio anubis (2 animals) the three dorsal column nuclei and the lateral cervical nucleus have been investigated immunocytochemically with antiserum against gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba). light microscopic studies demonstrated the presence of gaba-positive cells in the gracile nucleus, the internal cuneate nucleus and the lateral cervical nucleus but not in the external cuneate nucleus. although labeled cells seemed fairly evenly sp ...19892609469
immunological characterization and immunocytochemical localization of oviduct-specific glycoproteins in the baboon (papio anubis).oviducts obtained from estradiol-treated ovariectomized baboons synthesize and release a family of high mol wt (100,000-130,000) glycoproteins during short term explant culture. the objective of this study was to make a polyclonal antibody to these glycoproteins and then use the antibody to determine the presence of the glycoproteins in oviduct flushings, tissue culture media, and tissues obtained from cycling and steroid-treated baboons. oviduct culture medium proteins from estradiol-treated ba ...19892651097
quantitative morphology of the central fovea in the primate retina.electron micrograph composites of tangenital sections of the fovea centralis of three cynomolgus monkeys (macaca irus) and one baboon (papio anubis) were used to determine the spatial density of the principal retinal cells. in the center of the foveola, the density of cones ranged from 113,000 to 230,000/mm2, and pigment epithelial cells from 4,900 to 7,000/mm2. at a distance of 500 microns from the foveolar center the density of the cone cell pedicles ranged from 29,000 to 36,300/mm2, and the d ...19892750678
experimental infection of baboons (papio cynocephalus anubis) with chlamydia pneumoniae strain 'twar'.two infant baboons (papio cynocephalus anubis) were inoculated with chlamydia pneumoniae strain 'twar', one in the conjunctiva, nasopharynx and oropharynx, the other in the trachea. both remained well during 8 weeks of observation. c. pneumoniae infection persisted for at least 8 weeks after inoculation. chlamydia pneumoniae seems to be of low virulence in baboons and capable of causing chronic infection.19892778341
regulation of baboon fetal adrenal androgen formation by pituitary peptides at mid- and late gestation.a short term incubation of baboon fetal adrenal cells obtained at midgestation and near term was used to determine whether a change in the regulation of androgen formation occurs with advancing gestation. adrenal glands were removed from baboon (papio anubis) fetuses on day 100 (mid; n = 7) or day 170 (late; n = 5) of gestation, and cells were dispersed with 0.2% collagenase. cells (10(5] were incubated at 37 c for 3 h in medium 199 in the presence or absence of 10 nm acth, 10 nm ovine prl, 10 n ...19882828002
a field study of infection with human t-cell leukemia virus among african primates.african non-human primates were surveyed seroepidemiologically for natural infection of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (atlv/htlv-i) or its closely related virus(es). materials from three genera (cercopithecus, papio, and theropithecus), four species (grivet monkey, anubis baboon, hamadryas baboon, and gelada), totalling 983 animals under natural conditions, were obtained in a field study in ethiopia. virus infection was determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test using htlv-i specifi ...19862873501
anomalous and selective dna mutations of the old world monkey alpha-globin genes.it has been a widely accepted hypothesis that the molecular clock slows down during evolution of higher primates. by molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence comparison of a rhesus macaque alpha-globin gene to its homologs in man, orangutan, olive baboon, and other mammals, we demonstrate a burst of evolution of the baboon alpha-globin gene since its separation from the rhesus macaque. this mutation burst has occurred only at the nonsynonymous sites but not the synonymous sites. its magnitude i ...19892919180
prolongation of primate cardiac xenograft survival with cyclosporine.cardiac xenotransplantation in nonprimates using traditional immunosuppression (azathioprine and prednisone) or cyclosporine has been unsuccessful or has required doses of immunosuppressants not tolerated by man. this study sought to determine if primate hearts could be transplanted successfully across genus boundaries using a dose of cyclosporine applicable to human transplantation. the hearts of outbred cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were heterotopically transplanted into the necks o ...19872961111
assessment of blood interactions with the therapore apheresis system.biocompatibility evaluations are a complex issue involving not only classical toxicity and animal testing but also the interactions of biological systems. the evaluations of the therapore primary system are reported for three model systems: (1) in vitro human blood, (2) a baboon (papio anubis) animal model, and (3) normal human volunteer apheresis. measurements of both complement (c3a) and platelet (btg and txb2) activation products during the apheresis procedures are given as a sensitive indica ...19872963177
a yaba-like condition in a young baboon (papio anubis).a rapidly developing proliferation of subcutaneous nodules on the leg of a young baboon is described. histologically the nodules consisted of plump round cells, many of which contained intracytoplasmic eosinophilic viral-like inclusions.19852993739
regulation of baboon fetal adrenal androgen production by adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, and growth hormone.factors other than adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) are thought to influence fetal adrenal steroidogenesis during primate pregnancy. therefore, we determined the effects of prolactin (prl), growth hormone (gh), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) as well as acth on steroid secretion by collagenase-dispersed baboon fetal adrenal cells. adrenal glands were obtained from seven baboon (papio anubis) fetuses following cesarean section at day 100-107 of gestation (term = day 184). tissue was minc ...19852996643
sequence organization and genomic complexity of primate theta 1 globin gene, a novel alpha-globin-like gene.the alpha-like and beta-like globin genes have provided a paradigm for the study of molecular evolution and regulation of multigene families in eukaryotes. the human alpha-globin gene cluster, which is on chromosome 16 (ref. 1), consists of six genes arranged in the order 5'-zeta(embryonic)-psi zeta-psi alpha 2-psi alpha 1-alpha 2(adult)-alpha 1(adult)-3'. dna sequencing data have demonstrated that zeta (ref. 6) and alpha 2 (or alpha 1, refs 7-9) are the embryonic and adult genes, respectively, ...19863012370
testosterone production by collagenase-dispersed cells from baboon fetal testis.we determined whether dehydroepiandrosterone (dha) and androstenedione (a) were converted to testosterone (t) by the midgestation primate fetal testis in the absence of gonadotropins. testes from six baboon (papio anubis) fetuses, obtained by cesarean section at day 100-107 of gestation (term = day 184) were dispersed with 0.2% collagenase. cells (1.1 x 10(6)) were suspended in 4 ml eagle's minimum essential medium containing penicillin/streptomycin (mem) and incubated for 20 h (37 degrees c) wi ...19863021248
ultrastructural evidence for lymphatic capillaries in the primate choroid.in the choroid of three cynomolgus monkeys (macaca irus) and of one baboon (papio anubis) lymphatic capillaries were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy.19883190548
oxytocin in baboon (papio anubis) corpus luteum.recently, using a highly specific radioimmunoassay, we have demonstrated that the concentration of oxytocin in the corpus luteum of the human and cynomolgus monkey are several fold higher than in the peripheral circulation. in this study, we have examined the corpora lutea and ovarian stroma from the ovaries of normal adult cycling baboons (papio anubis) for the presence of oxytocin through the use of immunocytochemical procedures. tissues obtained at laparotomy were fixed in bouin's solution an ...19873315017
baboon corpus luteum oxytocin: an intragonadal peptide modulator of luteal function.oxytocin concentrations were determined in baboon (papio anubis) corpora lutea, and the effect of oxytocin on dispersed luteal cell progesterone production was evaluated. oxytocin concentrations increased significantly from an early luteal phase value of 2.1 +/- 1.1 ng/gm to a peak concentration of 18.1 +/- 4.3 ng/gm wet weight in midluteal phase corpora lutea. corpora albicantia and ovarian stroma had comparatively low oxytocin concentrations. reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography o ...19883364500
the in vitro synthesis of estrogen-dependent proteins by the baboon (papio anubis) oviduct.this study was undertaken to determine the effect of estradiol and progesterone on the synthesis of oviduct-specific proteins and to determine if there were changes in the synthesis of these proteins in different regions of the oviduct. ovariectomized females were either untreated, treated with estradiol for 7 or 14 days, or primed with estradiol for 14 days and then treated with estradiol plus progesterone or progesterone alone for either 7 or 14 days. oviducts were incubated in the presence of ...19883383785
localization of oxytocin and neurophysin in baboon (papio anubis) corpus luteum by immunocytochemistry.immunoreactive oxytocin is detectable in the corpora lutea of women and cynomolgus monkeys by radioimmunoassay. to localize the presence of oxytocin and neurophysin i in ovarian tissues of subhuman primates, three corpora lutea and ovarian stromal tissues and two fallopian tubes obtained during the menstrual cycle of the baboon and decidua from two pregnant baboons were examined using highly specific antisera against either oxytocin or neurophysin i and peroxidase-antiperoxidase light microscopy ...19863538744
evidence that the recently discovered theta 1-globin gene is functional in higher primates.a new subfamily of the alpha-globin-like family has recently been identified in higher primates, rabbit, galago and possibly the horse. one member of this subfamily, theta 1, is downstream from the adult alpha 1-globin gene. in orang-utan, but not in rabbit or galago, the theta 1-gene appears to be structurally intact, suggesting that it may be functional in this species. the orang-utan theta 1-gene possesses initiation and termination codons, and the predicted polypeptide differs from the orang ...19873561513
iliac biopsy for histomorphometric analysis of trabecular bone in cynomolgus monkeys and baboons.a humane, repeatable surgical technique was developed to harvest trabecular bone for histomorphometry from nonhuman primates. using a direct surgical approach to the iliac crest, bone specimens with a mean cross sectional area of trabecular bone plus marrow (at) of 12.02 and 18.07 mm2 were harvested from cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) and baboons (papio anubis) respectively. the method provides bone samples with little artifact or bone dust contamination, and easy orientation and repro ...19873599893
early implantation and embryonic development of the baboon: stages 5, 6 and 7.implantation stages of the olive baboon, papio cynocephalus anubis, showing embryonic development equivalent to carnegie stages 5, 6 and 7 of development, were collected by hysterotomy and examined histologically. the younger specimens (stage 5) consisted of a thick trophoblastic plate composed of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast with multiple small clefts, and a bilaminar disk embryo with a small slit-like amniotic cavity. an epithelial plaque response was present in the uterine epitheli ...19873631530
the morphology and morphometry of the adult normal baboon lung (papio anubis).the gross, histological and ultrastructural organisation of the baboon lung was found to be similar to that of the human lung. it is suggested that, in general, the lungs of the non-human primates would serve as ideal models for the study of the human lung. the baboon lung comprises the parenchyma, the gas exchange part of the lung which consists of alveoli, blood capillaries and the tissue of the interalveolar septum, and the non-parenchyma made up of the air conducting passages like bronchi, b ...19873654336
animal models of mycoplasma genitalium urogenital infection.male and female animals were inoculated urogenitally with mycoplasma genitalium, recovered originally from men with nongonococcal urethritis. mice, hamsters and male rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were resistant. male cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were not as sensitive as male chimpanzees (pan troglodytes): 9 of 11 developed an obvious genital tract infection, some shedding organisms for more than 18 weeks. m. genitalium was recovered from the blood of two of them when large numbers ...19873667225
synthesis and release of polypeptides by the baboon (papio anubis) uterine endometrium in culture.this study was designed to identify proteins released in culture by the baboon uterine endometrium. endometrial tissues from cyclic baboons were minced and cultured in the presence of l-[3h]leucine or l-[35s]methionine for 24 h. the culture media and solubilized tissues were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for secretory products that were uterine-specific. the fluorographs of the one- and two-dimensional gels demonstrated that the proteins released into culture media cou ...19873689861
surface structure of baboon (papio anubis) hydrated articular cartilage: study of low temperature replicas by transmission electron microscopy.platinum/carbon replicas of the natural articular surfaces of the femoral condyles of normal adult baboons (papio anubis) were made at approximately -130 degrees c. washed surfaces displayed arrays of approximately 50-200 nm diameter collagen fibers and low parallel ridges approximately 5 micron apart. untouched surfaces were often obscured by a featureless lamina. the ultrastructure of the bearing surface of baboon articular cartilage resembles that of quadrupeds such as the dog.19873694665
hand-rearing baboons for laboratory investigations.to conduct laboratory studies in unsedated animals that were similar anatomically and physiologically to man, five full term baboons (four papio cynocephalus anubis, one papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) were hand-reared. these infants were used as unsedated animal models in short-term lung clearance studies conducted from birth to 2 years of age. the hand-rearing techniques described here encouraged the formation of an infant-human rearer bond that permitted us to control the level of expressed ...19863821060
pregnancy-induced hypertension: development of a model in the pregnant primate (papio anubis).experiments were performed on two groups of pregnant baboons. in the experimental group, the subrenal aortic blood flow was reduced by 58% of its original value at 100 days of gestational age. in the control group, the blood flow was measured but not restricted. in the experimental group fetal death occurred in three of 12 animals following the use of a single left-flank incision to approach both the renal artery and the abdominal aorta. in the control group, pregnancies in eight of nine animals ...19853885739
tuberculosis in wild olive baboons, papio cynocephalus anubis (lesson), in kenya.several wild olive baboons from a single troop in the masai mara game reserve, kenya were observed to be lethargic and emaciated. five were trapped and tuberculin tested by intradermal inoculation of 0.1 cc (100 iu) mammalian old tuberculin in the upper eyelid. two of the five showed positive reaction at 72 hr and were examined at necropsy. gross lesions in both animals consisted of multiple nodules with caseation in the lung, spleen and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. there were multiple granulom ...19853889385
attempts to induce resistance to schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium in kenyan baboons (papio anubis) using non-specific immunostimulants.non-specific immunostimulants were used in an attempt to protect baboons from infection by schistosomes. subcutaneous vaccination with cord factor (4.50 mg) and muramyl dipeptide (4.56 mg) 6 days before percutaneous exposure to 3000 schistosoma haematobium cercariae/baboon (c.p.b.) failed to protect naive baboons: baboons with a 7-month-old, 5000 c.p.b. s. haematobium primary infection had developed too strong a natural immunity to detect any protection attributable to vaccination. subcutaneous ...19853982849
attempts to manipulate specific responses to induce resistance to schistosoma mansoni in kenyan baboons (papio anubis).attempts were made to manipulate specific responses of baboons to protect them from infection with schistosoma mansoni. in experiment 1, eosinophilia was induced in naive baboons with trichinella spiralis larvae given intravenously before intraperitoneal injection of globulin fractions from s. mansoni-infected baboon sera and subsequent percutaneous exposure to s. mansoni cercariae. in experiment 2, baboons with 8- or 32-week-old primary s. mansoni infections received t. spiralis i.v. before an ...19854031458
study of the photo-sensitivity of papio anubis, papio cynocephalus and of their cross-mating. 19704194029
immunization of female baboons with hapten-coupled gonadotropins.female baboons (papio anubis) were immunized with gonadotropin preparations that had been structurally altered by hapten-coupling and the effects of such immunizations upon the events of the menstrual cycle were observed. antibodies were detected against the immunizing antigen within 3-5 weeks. cross-reaction of antibodies to sulphanil-azo-human luteinizing hormone (lh), human chorionic gonadotropin and ovine lh with unaltered baboon lh was marked only during the first 8 weeks, the period of i ...19734200499
letter: acquired resistance to schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (papio anubis). 19734204742
carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in nine troops of kenya baboons, papio cynocephalus (linnaeus 1766). 19744212980
natural infection of echinococcus granulosus (batsch, 1786) rudolphi, 1805 in the kenya baboon (papio sp.). 19704246027
intestinal protozoa of the baboon papio doguera pucheran, 1856. 19684302918
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