| [new simian hosts of plasmodium brasilianum in the state of acre, brazil: the ouacari cacajo rubicundus rubicundus, the howling monkey allouatta seniculus seniculus and the wooly-monkey lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii]. | | 1973 | 4200149 |
| the population structure of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in trinidad and venezuela. | | 1972 | 4624018 |
| social relations within troops of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus). | | 1972 | 4633246 |
| natural infection of red howler-monkeys, alouatta seniculus straminea, with plasmodium brasilianum, in the state of amazonas, brazil. | | 1967 | 4979810 |
| spriurid and oxyurid nematodes from a red howler monkey in colombia. | | 1969 | 5815352 |
| comparative and functional myology of the prehensile tail in new world monkeys. | the caudal myology of prehensile-tailed monkeys (cebus apella, alouatta palliata, alouatta seniculus, lagothrix lagotricha, and ateles paniscus) and nonprehensile-tailed primates (eulemur fulvus, aotus trivirgatus, callithrix jacchus, pithecia pithecia, saimiri sciureus, macaca fascicularis, and cercopithecus aethiops) was examined and compared in order to identify muscular differences that correlate with osteological features diagnostic of tail prehensility. in addition, electrophysiological st ... | 1995 | 7595958 |
| male dispersal among free-ranging red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in venezuela. | | 1993 | 8188124 |
| passages within a discontinuous canopy: bridging in the red howler monkey (alouatta seniculus). | | 1993 | 8206420 |
| evolution of pro-protamine p2 genes in primates. | protamines p1 and p2 form a family of small basic peptides that represent the major sperm proteins in placental mammals. in human and mouse protamine p2 is one of the most abundant sperm proteins. the protamine p2 gene codes for a p2 precursor, pro-p2 which is later processed by proteolytic cleavages in its n-terminal region to form the mature p2 protamines. we have used polymerase chain amplification to directly sequence the pro-p2 genes of the five major primate families: red howler (alouatta ... | 1993 | 8513810 |
| simian malaria at two sites in the brazilian amazon. i--the infection rates of plasmodium brasilianum in non-human primates. | the parasite that causes simian malaria in the brazilian amazon, plasmodium brasilianum, is infective to man. in this region, where humans live within and in close proximity to the forest, it was suspected that this parasite could be the cause of a zoonosis. a study was performed in the areas surrounding two hydroelectric plants in the amazon, balbina and samuel, aiming at determining the zoonotic potential of this parasite. p. brasilianum was detected in, respectively, 15.8% and 9.9% of 126 and ... | 1995 | 8544737 |
| mayaro virus fever in french guiana: isolation, identification, and seroprevalence. | this paper reports the first isolation of mayaro (may) virus from a patient infected in french guiana. the identification was initially performed using immunofluorescent antibody testing with specific mouse antibody, and confirmed by plaque-reduction neutralization testing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. to determine if may virus infection is widespread in french guiana, a serosurvey was performed to determine the prevalence of antibody to this virus in various ethnic groups ... | 1998 | 9749643 |
| in situ hybridization (fish) maps chromosomal homologies between alouatta belzebul (platyrrhini, cebidae) and other primates and reveals extensive interchromosomal rearrangements between howler monkey genomes. | we hybridized whole human chromosome specific probes to metaphases of the black-and-red howler monkey alouatta belzebul in order to establish chromosomal homology between humans and black-and-red howlers. the results show that the black-and-red howler monkey has a highly rearranged genome and that the human chromosome homologs are often fragmented and translocated. the number of hybridization signals we obtained per haploid set was 40. nine human chromosome probes gave multiple signals on differ ... | 1998 | 9773675 |
| hematology and serum biochemistry values of free-ranging red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) from french guiana. | one hundred twenty-two wild red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) were translocated during flooding of the forest at a hydroelectric dam site in french guiana. blood samples from 103 animals were evaluated for 13 hematologic and/or 22 serum chemistry parameters. significant age-specific variation was found for white blood cell (wbc), lymphocyte, and platelet counts and for alkaline phosphatase values. adult males and females had significant differences in red blood cell count, packed cell volu ... | 1998 | 9732027 |
| chromosome painting defines genomic rearrangements between red howler monkey subspecies. | we hybridized whole human chromosome-specific dna libraries to chromosomes of two supposed subspecies of alouatta seniculus: alouatta seniculus sara and alouatta seniculus arctoides. the number of hybridization signals per haploid set is 42 in a. s. sara and 43 in a. s. arctoidea; the two karyotypes differ by at least 16 chromosomal rearrangements, including numerous translocations. an unusual sex chromosome system is shared by both taxa. the sex chromosome system results from a y translocation ... | 1996 | 8817065 |
| chromosomes of alouatta seniculus (platyrrhini, primates) from french guiana. | | 1996 | 8776878 |
| on the occurrence of nocturnal and diurnal loud calls, differing in structure and duration, in red howlers (alouatta seniculus) of french guyana. | structural patterns and 24-hour rhythms of the loud calls of alouatta seniculus were studied in a wild population living in primary rain forest in french guyana. these loud calls are low-pitched noisy hoarse sounds with an upper frequency limit around 3,000 hz. their spectral energy is concentrated in two clusters, each of which includes two dominant frequency bands. loud calls comprise one or several vocal units with alternating crescendos and decrescendos. five different types of units can be ... | 1993 | 8300015 |
| the isolation of yellow fever virus from the livers of naturally infected red howler monkeys. | | 1955 | 13238721 |
| transferrin: variations in blood serum of red howler monkeys. | blood serum samples from 33 red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) were examined. three different phenotypes were found and denominated a, b, and c. four serums could not be classified because their transferrin apparently did not bind iron-59, possibly owing to saturation. a difference was observed in the electrophoretic migration and pattern of the transferrins in these monkeys compared with those of other primates. | 1964 | 14197564 |
| possible function of some pharyngeal and lingual muscles of the howling monkey (alouatta seniculus). | | 1964 | 14262363 |
| a new cestode, raillietina (r) multitesticulata n. sp. from the red howler monkey. | | 1950 | 15437227 |
| primate population densities in three nutrient-poor amazonian terra firme forests of south-eastern colombia. | we censused primate populations at three non-hunted 'terra firme' forests of south-eastern colombian amazonia. the aggregate biomass densities of diurnal primates at all sites were amongst the lowest recorded for any non-hunted forest in western amazonia and elsewhere in the neotropics. densities of red howler monkeys were low, as is typical in amazonian terra firme forests far removed from white-water rivers, and densities of woolly monkeys were 1.5-3.5 times lower than those estimated for this ... | 2005 | 15900101 |
| morphological adaptation to diet in platyrrhine primates. | morphological features of the jaws and teeth are examined in eight species of platyrrhine monkeys that coexist in the suriname rainforest. z-scores calculated from geometric predictions for several features of the feeding apparatus thought to have some functional significance (e.g., tooth dimensions, jaw robusticity, leverage of primary jaw elevators) are compared to a profile of the naturalistic dietary behavior of these species (i.e., proportions of fruit mesocarp, seeds, leaves, and fauna eat ... | 1994 | 8085615 |
| field application of telazol (tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride) to immobilize wild red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in venezuela. | telazol (tel) (tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride combination) was used to immobilize 50 wild red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in venezuela between october 1989 and february 1991. the mean (+/- sd) dosages of tel used for adult males and adult females were 22.4 (+/- 7.3) mg/kg and 22.5 (+/- 5.0) mg/kg, respectively. juveniles of both sexes received a mean dose of 30.5 (+/- 5.6) mg/kg. the induction time for tel ranged from 1 to 6.2 min. thirteen animals were given an add ... | 1994 | 7933286 |
| the early development of the nervous system in staged insectivore and primate embryos. | the early development of the nervous system was studied in stage embryos of hemicentetes semispinosus, microcebus murinus, alouatta seniculus, cebus appella, cebus albifrons, macaca mulatta, and homo sapiens. the specimens were assigned to carnegie stages 11-13. serial transverse sections were examined and graphic reconstructions were prepared. the early development of the neural tube is basically similar in all the species investigated but differences in detail are noticeable. the mesencephalic ... | 1980 | 7440789 |
| daily and seasonal patterns of roaring and spacing in four red howler alouatta seniculus troops. | daytime and seasonal patterns of roaring and spacing are described for the red howler monkey, alouatta seniculus. a seasonal difference in howling at midday during the dry season is correlated with high temperature and high insolation. interacting troops come closer to each other and roar more during the dry season, when they often meet around fruiting figs, than during the wet season. it is suggested that during the dry season food is more patchily distributed, which results in more intense com ... | 1982 | 6890502 |
| behavior and ranging patterns of a solitary female red howler (alouatta seniculus). | behavior and ranging patterns of a solitary red howler female (alouatta seniculus) were observed during a period of 11 months. the female spent most of the time in a 2 ha area in the range of one howler troop. her behavior indicated that she tried to integrate herself into this troop but was prevented from doing so by other females. solitary and subadult troop males consorted and mated with the female but adult troop males showed relatively little interest. aggression by the troop females was pr ... | 1982 | 6890014 |
| preliminary observations on habitat utilization and diet in eight surinam monkeys. | the eight monkey species occurring in surinam were studied in the raleigh-vallen-voltzberg nature reserve along the coppename river. special emphasis was placed on determining how these eight species divide up available habitat and food resources within a 300-ha study area. cebus apella apella is probably the most adaptable of the surinam monkeys. it was found mainly in the understory and lower to middle parts of the canopy of all five forest types (high rain forest, low rain forest, mountain sa ... | 1981 | 6802728 |
| locomotion and postures of red howlers in a deciduous forest-savanna interface. | positional (postural and locomotor) patterns and substrates used by the seven adults of a free-ranging troop of red howling monkeys (alouatta seniculus) were identified and sampled during their feeding and resting. traveling patterns and substrates were noted but not quantified. arboreal locomotor behaviors were pronograde quadrupedalism, some leaping, bridging, lowering, and pull up. sitting and reclining were the most frequent postures. tail suspension and arboreal bipedal stance were used whe ... | 1984 | 6703035 |
| [natural infection of the monkey alouatta seniculus straminea, and alouatta seniculus artroidea by trypanosoma mycetae in venezuela]. | | 1968 | 5713247 |
| loud calls of adult male red howling monkeys (alouatta seniculus). | loud calls of adult male red howlers (alouatta seniculus) inhabiting a deciduous and semideciduous open woodland site in venezuela were recorded opportunistically and categorized by ear and sonographically as barks and roars. five to six different bark syllables were identified as occurring singly or in sequences of doublets and triplets. in barks, spectral energy was concentrated in bands at 350-400 hz, 900-1,100 hz, 1,800-2,200 hz and 3,000-3,500 hz, but not all higher bands were present in ea ... | 1986 | 3609972 |
| molecular typing of giardia duodenalis isolates from nonhuman primates housed in a brazilian zoo. | giardia infections in captive nonhuman primates (nhp) housed at a brazilian zoo were investigated in order to address their zoonotic potential. fresh fecal samples were collected from the floors of 22 enclosures where 47 primates of 18 different species were housed. the diagnosis of intestinal parasites after concentration by sedimentation and flotation methods revealed the following parasites and their frequencies: giardia (18%); entamoeba spp. (18%); endolimax nana (4.5%); iodamoeba spp. (4.5% ... | 2015 | 24553608 |
| positional behavior and limb bone adaptations in red howling monkeys (alouatta seniculus). | morphological adaptations to climbing (a scansorial mode of quadrupedal, arboreal locomotion practised on twigs and small branches) are identified by relating anatomical details of limb bones to a sample of 6,136 instantaneous observational recordings on the positional behavior and support uses of 20 different free-ranging, adult red howlers. our findings are used to infer the original habitat in which proto-red howlers may have acquired such adaptations and to hypothesize that climbing and its ... | 1987 | 3454342 |
| chromosome studies in the red howler monkey, alouatta seniculus stramineus (platyrrhini, primates): description of an x1x2y1y2/x1x1x2x2 sex-chromosome system and karyological comparisons with other subspecies. | in the red howler monkey, alouatta seniculus stramineus (2n = 47, 48, or 49), variations in diploid chromosome number are due to different numbers of microchromosomes. males exhibit a y;autosome translocation involving the short arm of an individual biarmed autosome. consequently, the sex-chromosome constitution in the male is x1x2y1y2, with x1 representing the original x chromosome, x2 the biarmed autosome (no. 7), y1 the y;7p translocation product, and y2 the acrocentric homolog of 7q. in the ... | 1991 | 1914523 |
| party size and diet of syntopic atelids (ateles chamek and lagothrix cana) in southwestern brazilian amazonia. | syntopic alouatta seniculus, ateles chamek and lagothrix cana (atelidae) were studied in southwestern amazonia. primate populations were first surveyed, and then the party size, diet and vertical spacing were monitored over a 5-month period. atelids accounted for more than half the survey sightings and lagothrix was the most abundant. party sizes recorded for both alouatta and lagothrix during monitoring were significantly larger than those recorded during surveys, but no such difference was fou ... | 2001 | 11713409 |
| abundance, diversity, and patterns of distribution of primates on the tapiche river in amazonian peru. | this work presents data on the relative diversity, abundance, and distribution patterns of primates in a 20 km2 area of the tapiche river in the peruvian amazon. population data were collected while the study area was both inundated and dry (march to september 1997) using conventional line-transect census techniques. survey results reflected the presence of 11 primate species, but population parameters on only eight of the species will be presented, including saddleback tamarins (saguinus fuscic ... | 2001 | 11376449 |
| meiosis and chromosome painting of sex chromosome systems in ceboidea. | the identity of the chromosomes involved in the multiple sex system of alouatta caraya (aca) and the possible distribution of this system among other ceboidea were investigated by chromosome painting of mitotic cells from five species and by analysis of meiosis at pachytene in two species. the identity of the autosome #7 (x2) involved in the multiple system of aca and its breakage points were demonstrated by both meiosis and chromosome painting. these features are identical to those described by ... | 2001 | 11376445 |
| health evaluation of translocated free-ranging primates in french guiana. | among over 40 mammal species threatened by the filling of a hydroelectric dam reservoir in french guiana, three species of primates have been translocated, comprising 124 red howler monkeys, six white-faced sakis, and 95 golden-handed tamarins. health status of the animals was evaluated by direct physical examination and by hematological, biochemical, virological, and parasitological surveys of collected blood. the physical condition of the howlers was slightly worse toward the end of the captur ... | 2001 | 11329164 |
| trypanosomatidae from wild mammals in the neotropical rainforest of french guiana. | the initial filling of the reservoir behind the petit saut hydro-electric dam, on the sinnamary river in french guiana, threatened the terrestrial and arboreal animals living in the neotropical rainforest being flooded. during a rescue programme between 24 october and 12 november in 1994, many of these animals were checked for infection with trypanosomatids. overall, 45 blood samples and 54 skin biopsies were collected from 53 mammals (of 13 species representing five orders) and blood samples we ... | 2001 | 11299122 |
| urinary progesterone in free-ranging red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus): preliminary observations of the estrous cycle and gestation. | the goals of this study were to develop and validate a radioimmunoassay (ria) for measurement of unconjugated progesterone (p) concentrations in the urine of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) and to use urinary p profiles to characterize the reproductive cycle of this species. analysis of p profiles from two females provided a preliminary estimate of the length of the estrous cycle (mean days +/- s.e.m. = 29.5 +/- 1.5; n = 2), and indicated that one female red howler copulated throughout t ... | 2000 | 10941442 |
| extragroup copulation among wild red howler monkeys in venezuela. | | 2000 | 10828692 |
| monkeys of the rainforest in french guiana are natural reservoirs for p. brasilianum/p. malariae malaria. | monkey blood samples were collected from 214 monkeys relocated as part of the wildlife rescue organized in french guiana during the filling of the petit saut dam on the sinnamary river. these samples were tested for malaria parasites by microscopy of thick blood filsm and by nested pcr for small subunit rrna genes (ssurrna). parasitic blood forms similar to plasmodium brasilianum were detected in 4 monkey species: alouatta seniculus macconnelli, saguinus midas midas, pithecia pithecia and ateles ... | 2000 | 10726261 |
| interspecific infanticide and infant-directed aggression by spider monkeys (ateles hybridus) in a fragmented forest in colombia. | interspecific aggression amongst nonhuman primates is rarely observed and has been mostly related to scenarios of resource competition. interspecific infanticide is even rarer, and both the ultimate and proximate socio-ecological factors explaining this behavior are still unclear. we report two cases of interspecific infanticide and five cases of interspecific infant-directed aggression occurring in a well-habituated primate community living in a fragmented landscape in colombia. all cases were ... | 2012 | 22767357 |
| teasing apart the contributions of hard dietary items on 3d dental microtextures in primates. | 3d dental microtexture analysis is a powerful tool for reconstructing the diets of extinct primates. this method is based on the comparison of fossils with extant species of known diet. the diets of primates are highly diversified and include fruits, seeds, grass, tree leaves, bark, roots, tubers, and animal resources. fruits remain the main component in the diets of most primates. we tested whether the proportion of fruit consumed is correlated with dental microtexture. two methods of microtext ... | 2012 | 22705031 |
| frugivory and colour vision in alouatta seniculus, a trichromatic platyrrhine monkey. | it is a long-standing hypothesis that primate trichromacy evolved to help fruit-eating primates find fruits amongst leaves. we measured the reflectance spectra of fruits eaten by a trichromatic primate, alouatta seniculus, in the rainforest of french guiana, as well as those of the leaves that form the natural background to fruits. we develop a method of specifying these natural colour signals in a chromaticity diagram appropriate for a. seniculus. by treating the task facing frugivorous monkeys ... | 1998 | 9893844 |
| ranging pattern and use of space in a group of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in a southeastern colombian rainforest. | we studied a group of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) bordering a lake in an eastern colombian amazon rainforest for 10 months. the group used an area of 182 ha located mainly on pleistocene terrace forest and had no overlap with other howler home ranges. home range use varied through the year as a consequence of fruit and leaf abundance. for example, during the fruit scarcity season the group used an area of flooded forest nearly exclusively, indicating that at least for a portion of th ... | 2001 | 11748695 |
| anesthesia of wild red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) with medetomidine/ketamine and reversal by atipamezole. | wild red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) were translocated during the flooding of the forest at a hydroelectric dam site in french guiana. for a variety of minor clinical procedures, 96 monkeys were anesthetized with various intramuscular injections of combinations of medetomidine and ketamine. the howler population was composed of healthy animals (42 males and 54 females) of various ages. medetomidine (150 micrograms/kg) associated with ketamine (4 mg/kg) gave the best results and was used ... | 1998 | 9702284 |
| a field observation on color selection by new world sympatric primates, pithecia pithecia and alouatta seniculus. | this work characterizes differences in selection of talisia retusa fruits by two sympatric neotropical primates, pithecia pithecia (white-faced sakis) and alouatta seniculus (red howlers). color appears to be the criterion by which fruits were selected. greenish fruits were mainly eaten by pithecia, while yellowish fruits by alouatta. the characteristics of these primates in relation to seed predation and seed dispersal are discussed in the context of the talisia retusa fruit color spectrum. fur ... | 2002 | 12082298 |
| molecular systematics and biogeography of the neotropical monkey genus, alouatta. | we take advantage of the broad distribution of howler monkeys from mexico to argentina to provide a historical biogeographical analysis on a regional scale that encompasses the entire neotropics. the phylogenetic relationships among 9 of the 10 recognized alouatta species were inferred using three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. the nuclear gene regions provided no phylogenetic resolution among howler monkey species, and were characterized by very low levels of sequence divergence between a ... | 2003 | 12470939 |
| habitat fragmentation and effects of herbivore (howler monkey) abundances on bird species richness. | habitat fragmentation can alter herbivore abundances, potentially causing changes in the plant community that can propagate through the food web and eventually influence other important taxonomic groups such as birds. here we test the relationship between the density of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) and bird species richness on a large set of recently isolated land-bridge islands in lago guri, venezuela (n = 29 islands). several of these islands host relict populations of howler monkey ... | 2006 | 16634305 |
| nonhuman anthropoid primate femoral neck trabecular architecture and its relationship to locomotor mode. | functional analyses of human and nonhuman anthropoid primate femoral neck structure have largely ignored the trabecular bone. we tested hypotheses regarding differences in the relative distribution and structural anisotropy of trabecular bone in the femoral neck of quadrupedal and climbing/suspensory anthropoids. we used high-resolution x-ray computed tomography to analyze quantitatively the femoral neck trabecular structure of ateles geoffroyi, symphalangus syndactylus, alouatta seniculus, colo ... | 2007 | 17514766 |
| captive-born cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) respond similarly to vocalizations of predators and sympatric nonpredators. | what types of cues do callitrichid primates use to detect and respond to predators? do they respond to predator-specific cues or to more general cues? the evidence for these questions remains conflicting. we presented captive-born and reared cotton-top tamarins with no previous exposure to predators (or predator cues) with vocalizations from three potential predators of cotton-top tamarin in the wild (white hawk, jaguar, and tayra) and with vocalizations from sympatric nonpredators (black-faced ... | 2008 | 18473378 |
| geophagy in new world monkeys (platyrrhini): ecological and geographic patterns. | geophagy has been recorded in an increasing number of new world monkeys (platyrrhini) over recent years, permitting a tentative analysis of ecological patterns. while geophagy has now been recorded in species representing all 4 platyrrhine families and a majority of genera, there is a marked tendency for it to occur in the larger-bodied pitheciidae and atelidae. howlers (alouatta) are responsible for almost a third of reports, which are concentrated in the more frugivorous species, alouatta belz ... | 2008 | 18587239 |
| acoustic analysis of primate air sacs and their effect on vocalization. | this paper presents an analysis of the acoustic impedance of primate air sacs and their interaction with the vocal tract. a lumped element model is derived and it is found that the inertance of the neck and the volume of the air sac are relevant, as well as the mass and stiffness of the walls (depending on the tissue). it is also shown that at low frequencies, radiation from the air sac can be non-negligible, even if the mouth is open. it is furthermore shown that an air sac can add one or two l ... | 2009 | 20000947 |
| patterns of mineral lick visitation by spider monkeys and howler monkeys in amazonia: are licks perceived as risky areas? | mineral licks--also known as "salados," "saladeros," or "collpas"--are specific sites in tropical and temperate ecosystems where a large diversity of mammals and birds come regularly to feed on soil. although the reasons for vertebrate geophagy are not completely understood, animals are argued to obtain a variety of nutritional and health benefits from the ingestion of soil at mineral licks. we studied the temporal patterns of mineral lick use by white-bellied spider monkey (ateles belzebuth) an ... | 2010 | 21328597 |
| the ethnoprimatology of the maijuna of the peruvian amazon and implications for primate conservation. | in amazonia, primates are not only an important food source but they also hold significant cultural and symbolic value for many indigenous groups. we document the relationship between primates and community members of the maijuna indigenous community of sucusari in the peruvian amazon and describe how ethnoprimatological studies provide a better understanding of the significance of primates in people's lives. additionally, we explore how ethnoprimatological studies can help inform and enhance pr ... | 2018 | 29514692 |
| geophagy in brown spider monkeys (ateles hybridus) in a lowland tropical rainforest in colombia. | spider monkeys and howler monkeys are the only neotropical primates that eat soil from mineral licks. not all species within these genera visit mineral licks, and geophagy has been restricted to populations of ateles belzebuth belzebuth,ateles belzebuth chamek and alouatta seniculus in western amazonian rainforests. with the aid of a camera trap we studied the visitation patterns of a group of brown spider monkeys (ateles hybridus) to a mineral lick at serrania de las quinchas, in colombia. spid ... | 2011 | 21494049 |
| use of space, activity patterns, and foraging behavior of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in an andean forest fragment in colombia. | howler monkeys are among the most studied primates in the neotropics, however, behavioral studies including estimation of food availability in andean forests are scarce. during 12 months we studied habitat use, behavior, and feeding ecology of two groups of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in an isolated fragment in the colombian andes. we used a combination of focal animal and instantaneous sampling. we estimated fruit production (fp) using phenology transects, and calculated young leaf ... | 2011 | 21710630 |
| natural infection by endoparasites among free-living wild animals. | the objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of occurrence and variety of intestinal parasites among free-living wild animals. fecal samples from wild mammals and birds at rehabilitation centers in the states of mato grosso do sul and são paulo were analyzed by sedimentation and flotation-centrifugation methods. parasite eggs, oocysts, cysts and/or trophozoites were found in 71% of the samples. cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were detected in fecal samples from oncillas (leopardus ti ... | 2013 | 23778826 |
| geographical distribution of the red howler monkey (alouatta seniculus) and yellow fever in colombia. | colombia is a country with an important diversity of non-human primates, of which the red howler monkey (alouatta seniculus) stands out because of its distribution and the role it plays in the occurrence of yellow fever. | 2016 | 27622801 |
| effects of fragment and vegetation structure on the population abundance of ateles hybridus, alouatta seniculus and cebus albifrons in magdalena valley, colombia. | many primate species currently subsist in fragmented and anthropogenically disturbed habitats. different threats arise depending on the species' life history strategy, dietary requirements and habitat preference. additionally, anthropogenic disturbance is far from uniform and may affect individual forest fragments in a single landscape in differing ways. we studied the effects of fragmentation on three species of diurnal primate, cebus albifrons, alouatta seniculus and ateles hybridus, in magdal ... | 2016 | 27093602 |
| a comparative assessment of hand preference in captive red howler monkeys, alouatta seniculus and yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys, sapajus xanthosternos. | there are two major theories that attempt to explain hand preference in non-human primates-the 'task complexity' theory and the 'postural origins' theory. in the present study, we proposed a third hypothesis to explain the evolutionary origin of hand preference in non-human primates, stating that it could have evolved owing to structural and functional adaptations to feeding, which we refer to as the 'niche structure' hypothesis. we attempted to explore this hypothesis by comparing hand preferen ... | 2014 | 25271639 |
| predation of alouatta puruensis by boa constrictor. | reports of successful predator attacks on primates are rare. primates from all major radiations are particularly susceptible to raptors, carnivores, and snakes. among new world primates, reports of snake predation are limited to medium- and small-bodied species. here, we report the first documented case of successful predation of an atelid by a snake-an adult female purús red howler monkey, alouatta puruensis, that was subdued by a ca. 2-m-long boa constrictor in an arboreal setting at a height ... | 2013 | 23917944 |
| validation of an enzyme immunoassay for assessing adrenocortical activity and evaluation of factors that affect levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in two new world primates. | non-invasive methods to assess stress hormone output via fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fgcms) have become a powerful tool in behavioral studies and conservation biology because they allow exploring the link between behavior, an animal's socio-ecological environment and its adrenocortical activity. however, fgcm levels are influenced by numerous other factors which often confound their interpretation. thus, before applying these methods, knowledge on the impact of these factors is important. ... | 2013 | 23707497 |
| red howler monkey birth data i: seasonal variation. | a large set of birth data from a population of red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in two habitats found a consistent birth "dip," with births occurring less frequently in early wet season (may-july) than during the remaining months. in one of two habitats, births were negatively correlated with rainfall, and viable conceptions were positively correlated with rainfall. the observed degree of within-troop birth synchrony appeared to reflect populational synchrony with environmental factors. c ... | 1987 | 31973461 |
| effects of logging, hunting, and forest fragment size on physiological stress levels of two sympatric ateline primates in colombia. | habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbances are of major concern to the conservation of endangered species because of their potentially negative impact on animal populations. both processes can impose physiological stress (i.e. increased glucocorticoid output) on animals, and chronically elevated stress levels can have detrimental effects on the long-term viability of animal populations. here, we investigated the effect of fragment size and human impact (logging and hunting pressure) on ... | 2013 | 27293615 |
| alouatta seniculus: density, home range and group structure in a bamboo forest fragment in the colombian andes. | we evaluated population density, group structure and home range of red howler monkeys in a bamboo forest fragment in the cordillera central mountain range of colombia. we estimated a density of 377.7 individuals/km(2), which is a higher density than normally reported for this species. the average home range size was 3.6 ± 1.1 ha. we found large groups (15.1 ± 4.0 individuals) with subgrouping behavior (daily divisions in foraging subgroups), and a high number of adult and subadult individuals of ... | 2012 | 22889946 |
| the primate community of cachoeira (brazilian amazonia): a model to decipher ecological partitioning among extinct species. | dental microwear analysis is conducted on a community of platyrrhine primates from south america. this analysis focuses on the primate community of cachoeira porteira (para, brazil), in which seven sympatric species occur: alouatta seniculus, ateles paniscus, cebus apella, chiropotes satanas, pithecia pithecia, saguinus midas, and saimiri sciureus. shearing quotients are also calculated for each taxon of this primate community. dental microwear results indicate significant differences between ta ... | 2011 | 22076156 |
| fruit availability, frugivore satiation and seed removal in 2 primate-dispersed tree species. | during a mast-fruiting event we investigated spatial variability in fruit availability, consumption, and seed removal at two sympatric tree species, manilkara bidentata and m. huberi (sapotaceae) at nouragues natural reserve, french guiana. we addressed the question of how manilkara density and fruits at the community level might be major causes of variability in feeding assemblages between tree species. we thus explored how the frugivore assemblages differed between forest patches with contrast ... | 2011 | 21910838 |
| chromosomal variations in the primate alouatta seniculus seniculus. | chromosome analysis in 23 specimens of alouatta s. seniculus trapped in different localities of colombia were examined with the c- and q-banding techniques. the chromosome numbers (2n=44) showed variations from 2n = 43 to 2n = 45 involving three and five microchromosomes, respectively. two specimens also showed a structural chromosome variation involving a pericentric inversion of the chromosome no. 13. chromosome measurements revealed an x chromosome with a value significantly smaller to that e ... | 1976 | 817992 |
| seasonality, richness and prevalence of intestinal parasites of three neotropical primates (alouatta seniculus, ateles hybridus and cebus versicolor) in a fragmented forest in colombia. | studies on parasites infecting non-human primates are essential to better understand the potential threat to humans of zoonoses transmission, particularly under the current processes of pervasive land use change and biodiversity loss. the natural ecosystems in the middle magdalena river basin in colombia have suffered a dramatic reduction and transformation into pastures and agroindustrial monocultures, threatening their biodiversity, and probably affecting the dynamics between parasites and the ... | 2017 | 28794984 |
| the influence of dispersal patterns and mating system on genetic differentiation within and between populations of the red howler monkey (alouatta seniculus). | the relationship between social structure and partitioning of genetic variance was examined in two red howler monkey populations (w and g) in venezuela, one of which (g) was undergoing rapid growth through colonization by new troops. rates and patterns of gene flow had been determined through radiotelemetry and direct observation data on solitary migrants, and 10 years of troop censusing. standard electrophoresis techniques were used to examine 29 loci in blood samples taken from 137 of the stud ... | 1992 | 28564408 |
| prevalence of plasmodium parasites in non-human primates and mosquitoes in areas with different degrees of fragmentation in colombia. | parasites from the genus plasmodium, the aetiological agent of malaria in humans, can also infect non-human primates (nhp), increasing the potential risk of zoonotic transmission with its associated global public health concerns. in colombia, there are no recent studies on plasmodium spp. infecting free-ranging nhp. thus, this study aimed to determine the diversity of plasmodium species circulating in fragmented forests in central colombia, both in anopheles mosquitoes and in the four sympatric ... | 2019 | 31426810 |
| molecular phylogenetic inference of the howler monkey radiation (primates: alouatta). | howler monkeys (alouatta), comprising between nine and 14 species and ranging from southern mexico to northern argentina, are the most widely distributed platyrrhines. previous phylogenetic studies of howlers have used chromosomal and morphological characters and a limited number of molecular markers; however, branching patterns conflict between studies or remain unresolved. we performed a new phylogenetic analysis of alouatta using both concatenated and coalescent-based species tree approaches ... | 2020 | 32876810 |
| new molecular data on filaria and its wolbachia from red howler monkeys (alouatta macconnelli) in french guiana-a preliminary study. | previous studies have reported filarial parasites of the genus dipetalonema and mansonella from french guiana monkeys, based on morphological taxonomy. in this study, we screened blood samples from nine howler monkeys (alouatta macconnelli) for the presence of filaria and wolbachia dna. the infection rates were 88.9% for filaria and 55.6% for wolbachiae. the molecular characterization, based on the 18s gene of filariids, revealed that a. macconnelli are infected with at least three species (mans ... | 2020 | 32752052 |
| a high-diversity primate community in a mid-elevation flooded forest, the jungla de los monos community reserve, peru. | the alto mayo region in the peruvian department of san martin has one of the highest levels of deforestation and fragmentation in the country. historically, san martin was home to at least 20 primate species, of which at least 14 persist in the alto mayo valley. we surveyed primate populations in the "jungla de los monos", a locally protected remnant of a naturally diverse primate community in one of the last remaining mid-elevation (800 m a.s.l.) seasonally flooded forests in the region. we rec ... | 2020 | 32524238 |
| pinworms of the red howler monkey (alouatta seniculus) in colombia: gathering the pieces of the pinworm-primate puzzle. | pinworms of primates are believed to be highly host specific parasites, forming co-evolutionary associations with their hosts. in order to assess the strength and reach of such evolutionary links, we need to have a broad understanding of the pinworm diversity associated with primates. here, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach to assess pinworm diversity in red howler monkeys in colombia. molecular and morphological evidence validate the presence of at least four different species of tr ... | 2020 | 31879591 |
| molecular evidence of leishmania infantum and leishmania guyanensis in red howler monkey (alouatta seniculus) from french guiana. | presence of leishmania spp. was evaluated in the blood of nine red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) from a specific area of french guiana, located in the northeast of the amazon. the molecular detection was performed based on pcr targeting the markers 18s rrna, kdna and its2 genes, as well as rapid immunomigration tests. two monkeys were positive for leishmania infantum and one for leishmania guyanensis. while l. guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis is common, visceral leishmaniasis (human and ... | 2019 | 31314697 |
| phylogeography of the mantled howler monkey (alouatta palliata; atelidae, primates) across its geographical range by means of mitochondrial genetic analyses and new insights about the phylogeny of alouatta. | we analyzed 156 specimens of diverse howler monkey taxa (alouatta; atelidae, primates) for different mitochondrial genes (5,567 base pairs), with special emphasis on a. palliata and related taxa. our results showed no relevant differences among individuals of different putative taxa, a. p. palliata, a. p. aequatorialis, a. coibensis coibensis, and a. c. trabeata. we found no spatial differences in genetic structure of a. p. palliata throughout costa rica, nicaragua, and honduras. a. p. mexicana ... | 2017 | 29262408 |
| cranial shape variation in adult howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus). | howler monkeys (genus alouatta) display a distinctive cranial architecture characterized by airorhynchy (or retroflexion of the facial skeleton on the cranial base), a small braincase, and a posteriorly oriented foramen magnum. this configuration has been associated with distinct factors including a high folivory diet, locomotion, and the presence of a specialized vocal tract characterized by large hyoid bone. however, the morphological relationships between the facial and neurocranial blocks in ... | 2018 | 29206291 |
| fruit choice by red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in a tropical rain forest. | this paper presents and discusses aspects of fruit selectivity by red howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in relation with morphological characteristics of fruits. these data are used to provide an answer to the following questions: which are the fruit characteristics that lead fruit choice of howler monkeys and to what extent fruit characteristics play a role in seed dispersal by monkeys? the frugivorous diet of a troop of red howler monkeys was determined during a 2-year field study in french ... | 1996 | 31918515 |
| natural infection of plasmodium brasilianum in humans: man and monkey share quartan malaria parasites in the venezuelan amazon. | the quartan malaria parasite plasmodium malariae is the widest spread and best adapted human malaria parasite. the simian plasmodium brasilianum causes quartan fever in new world monkeys and resembles p. malariae morphologically. since the genetics of the two parasites are nearly identical, differing only in a range of mutations expected within a species, it has long been speculated that the two are the same. however, no naturally acquired infection with parasites termed as p. brasilianum has be ... | 2015 | 26501116 |
| when top-down becomes bottom up: behaviour of hyperdense howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) trapped on a 0.6 ha island. | predators are a ubiquitous presence in most natural environments. opportunities to contrast the behaviour of a species in the presence and absence of predators are thus rare. here we report on the behaviour of howler monkey groups living under radically different conditions on two land-bridge islands in lago guri, venezuela. one group of 6 adults inhabited a 190-ha island (danto) where they were exposed to multiple potential predators. this group, the control, occupied a home range of 23 ha and ... | 2014 | 24743575 |
| transverse lie with prolapsed arm in a female red-howler monkey (alouatta guariba clamitans - cabrera, 1940). | this study focuses on a case of a red-howler monkey (alouatta guariba clamitans) which was found with a fetus in a transverse lie position with a prolapsed arm. the topic of this research is well justified as there are no data on this condition involving this type of non-human primate in literature. in this study, a red-howler monkey was observed by locals pulling at her pelvic region for 3 days near a farm. on the third day, the monkey was found lying on the ground at which point she offered no ... | 2016 | 27194635 |
| craniodental allometry and heterochrony in two howler monkeys: alouatta seniculus and a. palliata. | cranial dimensions were collected from growth series for two sexually dimorphic congeners: alouatta seniculus, the red howler monkey, and alouatta palliata, the mantled howler monkey. in both a. seniculus and a. palliata, ontogenetic series for males and females were compared to evaluate if sexual dimorphism in skull form results from the differential extension of common patterns of relative growth. subsequently, growth series for both species were compared to investigate whether morphological d ... | 1994 | 31936940 |
| predation by jaguar on howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in venezuela. | we document the loss of all but the youngest member of a troop of six howler monkeys due to probable jaguar predation during a 7-month period in 1988. the formation of guri lake resulted in forest fragmentation which forced monkeys into new and unfamiliar areas and altered the balance of predator and prey populations, and may thus have contributed indirectly to the success of the jaguar. the selection of defoliated (dead) trees for sleeping sites by the howlers may have directly increased the ri ... | 1992 | 31941210 |
| incisor microwear and feeding behavior in alouatta seniculus and cebus olivaceus. | dental microwear features on the labial surfaces of maxillary central incisors of wild-shot museum specimens of cebus olivaceus (n = 11) and alouatta seniculus (n = 7) were examined at 200 × by polarized light microscopy. while wear scratch orientation patterns do not differ between the two samples, cebus has a significantly higher density of wear features, and displays scratches that extend further cervically. preliminary observations (n = 50 hours) on anterior tooth use in these species at hat ... | 1990 | 31964001 |
| inferring patterns of aggression from red howler monkey injuries. | venezuelan red howler monkeys in a semideciduous habitat typically survive injuries and disabilities. intraspecific physical aggression was the most frequently observed and inferred cause of injury. thirty-eight percent of 119 howlers of all ages examined during capture had scars or other evidence of "damage." overall, the sexes did not differ significantly in total number of injuries or number of individuals classified as "damaged." the incidence of injury was not independent of age-sex class. ... | 1988 | 31968885 |
| red howler monkey birth data ii: interannual, habitat, and sex comparisons. | data presented in this paper are derived from the births and subsequent histories of red howler infants born in two habitats. overall the sex ratio of infants at birth was about 1:1. infant survivorship (at 1 yr) was about 80%, and 44% of infant mortality was attributed to infanticide by males. survivorship curves indicated a dramatic sex difference, with far fewer females than males known to be alive at age 7 yr. however, this sex difference may be inflated because emigrant males are more easil ... | 1987 | 31973459 |
| gestation length red howler monkeys. | gestations determined for venezuelan alouatta seniculus seniculus are within the range of those reported for costa rican alouatta palliata gray. earlier reports of considerably shorter gestations for this genus appear to be inacurate. | 1982 | 31991984 |
| cytogenetic analysis shows extensive genomic rearrangements between red howler (alouatta seniculus, linnaeus) subspecies. | a comparison of the g-banded karyotypes of two red howler subspecies, alouatta seniculus arctoidea and a. s. sara, showed that they differed by at least 14 chromosomal rearrangements. genomic reshuffling is so great that homologs between subspecies could not be found for some chromosome, while the assignment of homology for other chromosomes remains uncertain. the two red howlers, however, share an unusual x1x2y1y2/ x1x1x2x2 sex-chromosome system that resulted from a y-autosome translocation, pr ... | 1995 | 31924072 |