| gummivory and gut morphology in two sympatric callitrichids (callithrix emiliae and saguinus fuscicollis weddelli) from western brazilian amazonia. | a comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal tracts of wild-caught marmosets, callithrix emiliae, and tamarins, saguinus fuscicollis weddelli, was undertaken in order to evaluate the degree of specialisation for digestion of plant exudates. compared to s.f. weddelli, c. emiliae exhibits a reduced small intestine and a relatively large, compartmentalised caecum in which gum is probably fermented. the apparent specialisation of the digestive tract in c. emiliae correlates with that of its dentit ... | 1992 | 1510116 |
| immunogenicity of wild and attenuated varicella-zoster virus strains in pygmy marmosets. | pygmy marmosets were inoculated with the low-passage parental strain or with the attenuated variant of oka strain of varicella-zoster virus. no clinical signs were observed following inoculation and virus could not be isolated from tissues taken at several times after inoculation. a low-level antibody response developed in all animals. three months after the first inoculation, all animals were challenged with the low-passage parental strain of virus. animals primed originally with the parental s ... | 1983 | 6310621 |
| detection and control of rotavirus infections in zoo animals. | fecal specimens from 15 exotic animal species, with and without diarrhea, were examined for the presence of rotavirus, bacterial enteropathogens, and intestinal parasites. a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antigens of rotavirus. rotavirus was detected in the feces of 20 (57%) of 35 of the animals, which included addax (addax nasomaculatus), nyala (tragelaphus angasi), saiga (saiga tatarica), white-tailed gnu (connochaetus gnou), greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsice ... | 1983 | 6315660 |
| a common-source outbreak of callitrichid hepatitis in captive tamarins and marmosets. | callitrichid hepatitis (ch) is a highly fatal, emerging arenavirus disease of captive south american marmosets and tamarins (callitrichidae), including the endangered golden lion tamarin. a common-source outbreak of ch in golden lion tamarins and pygmy marmosets at a us zoo resulted from a single feeding of the primates with newborn mice in apparently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). isolates from livers of mice and primates were related to isolates from previous ch outbr ... | 1993 | 8450260 |
| comparative study of oestrogen excretion in female new world monkeys: an overview of non-invasive ovarian monitoring and a new application in evolutionary biology. | oestrogen was measured in urine samples collected from captive females representing 7 species of new world monkey to provide an overview of the applicability of such formation in the noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function and to assess the potential applicability of such information in phylogenetic studies. species available for study were the pygmy marmoset, common marmoset, red-bellied tamarin, cotton-top tamarin, golden lion tamarin, goeldi's monkey and the owl monkey. oestrone conjugates ... | 1995 | 8529968 |
| dna evidence on the phylogenetic systematics of new world monkeys: support for the sister-grouping of cebus and saimiri from two unlinked nuclear genes. | previous inferences from epsilon-globin gene sequences on cladistic relationships among the 16 extant genera of ceboidea (the new world monkeys) were tested by strength of grouping and bootstrap values for the clades in the most parsimonious trees found: for this epsilon data set enlarged with additional cebus and saimiri orthologues; for another nuclear dna sequence data set consisting of irbp (interstitial retinol-binding protein gene) intron 1 orthologues; and for tandemly combined epsilon an ... | 1995 | 8845968 |
| subchondral plate thickness reflects tensile stress in the primate acetabulum. | to evaluate possible relationships between body size and articular architecture, femoral head radius and subchondral plate thickness were assessed in skeletal hip joints from normal primates. the relative "contact pressure" on bearing surfaces was estimated from the measured radius and the normal body mass in species ranging from cebuella pygmaea (0.1 kg) to gorilla gorilla (170 kg). subchondral plate thickness was evaluated by computed tomography in species ranging from cercopithecus neglectus ... | 1996 | 8893781 |
| affiliative processes and vocal development. | affiliative behavior is often expressed through communication, and the nature of affiliative interactions affects the ontogeny of communication. i presented three phenomena that demonstrate the importance of affiliation in vocal development in marmosets and tamarins, but the results have parallels in many other species including birds, dolphins, and humans. pygmy marmosets use trill-like vocalizations to maintain contact with other group members. individuals change subtle aspects of call structu ... | 1997 | 9071362 |
| toxoplasmosis in a colony of new world monkeys. | in a colony of new world monkeys five tamarins (saguinus oedipus, saguinus labiatus and leontopithecus rosal. rosal.), three marmosets (callithrix jacchus and callithrix pygmaea) and one saki (pithecia pithecia) died suddenly. the colony comprised 16 marmosets, 10 tamarins and three sakis. the main pathological findings were necrotic lesions in the lung, the intestine, and the liver. histopathologically t. gondii parasites were observed in organs from the tamarins and the marmosets but not in th ... | 1997 | 9106950 |
| marmoset phylogenetics, conservation perspectives, and evolution of the mtdna control region. | marmosets (genus callithrix) are a diverse group of platyrrhine primates with 13-15 purported taxa, many of them considered endangered. morphological analyses constitute most of the basis for recognition of these forms as distinct taxa. the purpose of this study was to provide a molecular view, based on mitochondrial control region sequences, of the evolutionary history of the marmosets, concomitant with a molecular phylogenetic perspective on species diversity within the group. an additional pu ... | 1997 | 9190069 |
| the place of callimico goeldii in the callitrichine phylogenetic tree: evidence from von willebrand factor gene intron ii sequences. | sequences of a 0.9-kb dna segment spanning intron 11 of the von willebrand factor gene (vwf) were determined for 21 individuals of 19 primate species. the results of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of these vwf sequences are congruent with previous molecular findings from other nonlinked nuclear genomic loci which divide the platyrrhine superfamily ceboidea into three monophyletic families: cebidae, atelidae, and pitheciidae. the vwf results strongly support the taxon callitric ... | 1999 | 10603266 |
| abundance, diversity, and patterns of distribution of primates on the tapiche river in amazonian peru. | this work presents data on the relative diversity, abundance, and distribution patterns of primates in a 20 km2 area of the tapiche river in the peruvian amazon. population data were collected while the study area was both inundated and dry (march to september 1997) using conventional line-transect census techniques. survey results reflected the presence of 11 primate species, but population parameters on only eight of the species will be presented, including saddleback tamarins (saguinus fuscic ... | 2001 | 11376449 |
| first outbreak of callitrichid hepatitis in germany: genetic characterization of the causative lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strains. | callitrichid hepatitis (ch) is a highly fatal, rodent-borne zoonosis of new world primates (family callitrichidae) caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). it is unclear whether virulence in callitrichidae is associated with specific genetic or phylogenetic markers of the virus as only a partial s rna sequence of a single ch-associated isolate is known. in a period of 10 months, three pygmy marmosets (cebuella pygmaea) and one goeldi's monkey (callimico goeldii) died from ch in a ger ... | 2001 | 11384220 |
| ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia in the smallest simian primate, the pygmy marmoset. | the pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea) is the smallest new world monkey (average body mass of 120-130 g). as such, it faces possible challenges to thermoregulation. small mammals (e.g., rats) are well known to lower body temperature and metabolism in response to hypoxia; however, small primates have not been studied in this respect nor have, in general, the interactions between metabolism and ventilation. because little is known about these responses in small primates, it seemed of great interest ... | 2002 | 11744661 |
| does the milk of callitrichid monkeys differ from that of larger anthropoids? | the generalization that anthropoid primates produce dilute milks that are low in protein and energy is based primarily on data from large monkeys of the families cebidae and cercopithecidae, as well as humans. the marmosets and tamarins (callitrichidae) are not only much smaller in body size, but also typically raise multiple offspring during a relatively brief lactation. we hypothesized that selection for small body size and high reproductive rate might favor secretion of milk of higher energy ... | 2002 | 11793418 |
| molecular cytotaxonomy of new world monkeys (platyrrhini) - comparative analysis of five species by multi-color chromosome painting gives evidence for a classification of callimico goeldii within the family of callitrichidae. | chromosome rearrangements are considered as "rare genomic changes" and can provide useful markers and even landmarks for reconstructing phylogenies complementary to dna sequence data and bio-morphological comparisons. here, we applied multi-directional chromosome painting to reconstruct the chromosome phylogeny and evolutionary relationships among the new world monkey (platyrrhini) species callithrix argentata, cebuella pygmaea, saguinus oedipus, callithrix jacchus and callimico goeldii. the res ... | 2001 | 11856883 |
| molecular cloning of three nonhuman primate follicle stimulating hormone beta-subunit cdnas. | the follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) beta-subunit cdnas were cloned and sequenced for an old world primate, the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), and two new world primates, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea). the cdna and predicted amino acid sequences of the rhesus monkey fsh beta-subunit were related most closely to the human fsh beta-subunit (> 96% identity). the common and pygmy marmosets have identical fsh beta-subunit cdnas, whereas the marmoset ... | 2001 | 11990528 |
| comparative functional analysis of skull morphology of tree-gouging primates. | many primates habitually feed on tree exudates such as gums and saps. among these exudate feeders, cebuella pygmaea, callithrix spp., phaner furcifer, and most likely euoticus elegantulus elicit exudate flow by biting into trees with their anterior dentition. we define this behavior as gouging. beyond the recent publication by dumont ([1997] am j phys anthropol 102:187-202), there have been few attempts to address whether any aspect of skull form in gouging primates relates to this specialized f ... | 2003 | 12541333 |
| identification of new world monkey mhc-drb alleles using pcr, dgge and direct sequencing. | identification of new world monkey mhc-drb alleles has previously relied upon labor-intensive cloning and sequencing techniques. here we describe a rapid and unambiguous way to distinguish drb alleles in new world monkeys using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and direct sequencing. the highly variable second exon of new world monkey drb alleles was amplified using generic drb primers and alleles were separated by dgge. dna was then reamplified ... | 2004 | 14714152 |
| pterygodermatites nycticebi (nematoda: rictulariidae): accidental detection of encapsulated third-stage larvae in the tissue of a white-fronted marmoset. | twin, white-fronted marmosets (callithrix geoffroyi) born and raised in a zoo in japan died at 7 mo of age. several encapsulated nematode larvae were detected in the intestinal wall, as well as a few in the mesenteric lymph nodes of 1 of the twins. in the other marmoset, no encapsulated nematode larva was detected in the organs, but many adult pterygodermatites nycticebi were found in the intestinal lumen. in the past 5 yr, 5 primates kept in the same zoo, i.e., 1 squirrel monkey (saimiri sciure ... | 2003 | 14740905 |
| improving specificity of dna hybridization-based methods. | methods based on dna reassociation in solution with the subsequent pcr amplification of certain hybrid molecules, such as coincidence cloning and subtractive hybridization, all suffer from a common imperfection: cross-hybridization between various types of paralogous repetitive dna fragments. although the situation can be slightly improved by the addition of repeat-specific competitor dna into the hybridization mixture, the cross-hybridization outcome is a significant number of background chimer ... | 2004 | 15371554 |
| investigation of marmoset hybrids (cebuella pygmaea x callithrix jacchus) and related callitrichinae (platyrrhini) by cross-species chromosome painting and comparative genomic hybridization. | we report on the cytogenetics of twin offspring from an interspecies cross in marmosets (callitrichinae, platyrrhini), resulting from a pairing between a female common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, 2n = 46) and a male pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea, 2n = 44). we analyzed their karyotypes by multi-directional chromosome painting employing human, saguinus oedipus and lagothrix lagothricha chromosome-specific probes. both hybrid individuals had a karyotype with a diploid chromosome number of 2n = ... | 2005 | 15545729 |
| phylogenomics of species from four genera of new world monkeys by flow sorting and reciprocal chromosome painting. | the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of new world monkeys (platyrrhini) are difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphology and because diagnostic fossils are rare. recently, molecular data have led to a radical revision of the traditional taxonomy and phylogeny of these primates. here we examine new hypotheses of platyrrhine evolutionary relationships by reciprocal chromosome painting after chromosome flow sorting of species belonging to four genera of platyrrhines included in the c ... | 2007 | 17767727 |
| exudates as a fallback food for callimico goeldii. | fallback foods have been defined as resources for which a species has evolved specific masticatory and digestive adaptations, and are consumed principally when preferred foods are scarce. in the present field investigation, we examine fungi, fruit, and exudate consumption in one group of callimico goeldii in order to determine the importance of exudates as a fallback food for this species. based on a total of 1,198 hr of quantitative behavioral data collected between mid-november 2002-august 200 ... | 2009 | 18985770 |
| the functional correlates of jaw-muscle fiber architecture in tree-gouging and nongouging callitrichid monkeys. | common (callithrix jacchus) and pygmy (cebuella pygmaea) marmosets and cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) share broadly similar diets of fruits, insects, and tree exudates. marmosets, however, differ from tamarins in actively gouging trees with their anterior dentition to elicit tree exudates flow. tree gouging in common marmosets involves the generation of relatively wide jaw gapes, but not necessarily relatively large bite forces. we compared fiber architecture of the masseter and temporal ... | 2009 | 19140215 |
| `babbling' and social context in infant monkeys: parallels to human infants. | although only humans use spoken language, the vocal communication of many animals shares some features with language. within the context of their family, normal children and young non-human primates develop proficiency in the nuances of their species-specific vocal communication system. engaging in speech-like phonetic activity, or babbling, occurs in all normal children regardless of their native language. similar periods of vocal development have not been described previously for non-human pri ... | 1998 | 21244960 |
| [reproductive biology and behavior of cebuella pygmaea and tamarin tamarin (primates, platyrrhina, callithricidae)]. | | 2014 | 4220054 |
| novel mastadenovirus infection and clinical disease in a pygmy marmoset (callithrix [cebuella] pygmaea). | we describe the detection and successful isolation of a novel mastadenovirus from a pygmy marmoset (callithrix [cebuella] pygmaea) that died following an episode of severe respiratory signs. pathologic/histopathologic examination revealed hydrothorax and catarrhal bronchopneumonia with pronounced desquamation of the bronchiolar epithelial cells, while in other airways a marked hyperplasia of the epithelial lining and numerous giant cells could be observed. we obtained partial sequence data from ... | 2013 | 24012169 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in two pet marmosets in japan. | an 8-month-old common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) was presented with tic-like symptoms, and a 2-year-old pigmy marmoset (callithrix pygmaea) was presented with dyspnea and hypersalivation. both monkeys died within a few days, and necropsies were performed. histopathological examinations revealed ulcerative stomatitis with epithelial cell swelling and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the oral epithelium of both cases. in the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuronal cell deg ... | 2014 | 25649955 |
| range extension of the vulnerable dwarf marmoset, callibella humilis (roosmalen et al. 1998), and first analysis of its long call structure. | we present two new records for the vulnerable dwarf marmoset, callibella humilis. the first record, based on observed and photographed individuals, is from a campinarana area on the left (west) bank of the rio madeirinha, a left (west)-bank tributary of the rio roosevelt in the state of amazonas, municipality of novo aripuanã and extends the distribution of the species ~270 km southwards, to the left (west) bank of the rio roosevelt. the second record is based on an individual collected from the ... | 2013 | 23975162 |
| molecular phylogeny of new world primates (platyrrhini) based on beta2-microglobulin dna sequences. | neotropical primates, traditionally grouped in the infraorder platyrrhini, comprise 16 extant genera. cladistic analyses based on morphological characteristics and molecular data resulted in topologic arrangements depicting disparate phylogenetic relationships, indicating that the evolution of gross morphological characteristics and molecular traits is not necessarily congruent. here we present a phylogenetic arrangement for all neotropical primate genera obtained from dna sequence analyses of t ... | 1999 | 10222163 |
| karyotypic comparison among cebuella pygmaea, callithrix jacchus and c. emiliae (callitrichidae, primates) and its taxonomic implications. | the karyotype of cebuella pygmaea (2n = 44) obtained by g-, c-banding, and nor-staining is described. this species presents a heteromorphic c band in the intersticial region of the short arm of chromosome 2. the data obtained were compared with those previously described for the karyotypes of callithrix jacchus and callithrix emiliae. the three species differ in the amount and distribution of non-centromeric constitutive heterochromatin. the importance of the variation in constitutive heterochro ... | 1992 | 1521801 |
| nasal morphometry in marmosets: loss and redistribution of olfactory surface area. | the two major groups of primates differ in internal nasal anatomy. strepsirrhines (e.g., lemurs) have more numerous turbinals and recesses compared with haplorhines (e.g., monkeys). since detailed quantitative comparisons of nasal surface area (sa) have not been made, we measured mucosa in serially sectioned monkeys (callithrix jacchus, cebuella pygmaea). data were compared with previously published findings on the mouse lemur, microcebus murinus. the nasal airways were digitally reconstructed u ... | 2014 | 25312367 |
| sequences of the primate epsilon-globin gene: implications for systematics of the marmosets and other new world primates. | sequences of the epsilon-globin gene were determined for five species of marmosets, along with approximately 2 kb of 5' flanking sequence. an analysis of these data, compared with those of other primates strongly supports the classification of callithrix jacchus and c. geoffroyi into the jacchus group, and c. argentata and c. mauesi into the argentata group. the pygmy marmoset, formerly identified as cebuella pygmaea joined strongly to the argentata group, indicating that without the pygmy marmo ... | 1997 | 9461380 |
| social implications of gummivory in marmosets. | gummivory or exudate feeding is a major dietary specialization which has received relatively little attention in the literature. while plant exudates contribute to the diet of many primate species, we suggest that the callitrichid species cebuella pygmaea and callithrix jacchus are obligate exudate feeders under free-ranging conditions. callithrix jacchus provides an excellent model for examining the effects of exudate feeding and foraging upon social behavior, since other callitrichid species o ... | 1994 | 7864061 |
| chromosome analysis of four species of marmosets (callithrix jacchus, tamarinus mystax, tamarinus nigricollis, cebuella pygmaea). | | 1966 | 4959871 |
| translocation and radio-telemetry monitoring of pygmy marmoset, cebuella pygmaea (spix, 1823), in the brazilian amazon. | two groups of pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea) were rescued along the left bank of the madeira river during the formation of santo antônio hydroelectric dam reservoir in the state of rondônia, northern brazil. reintroduction of both groups occurred in areas of open tropical rainforest located within the project´s permanent preservation area. a post-release monitoring was conducted for three months using radio-telemetry. individuals of each group remained together and settled in stable home rang ... | 2015 | 25945625 |
| parallel episodes of phyletic dwarfism in callitrichid and cheirogaleid primates. | the callitrichidae are the smallest anthropoids, whereas the cheirogaleidae include the smallest of all primates. using species-level analyses, we show that these are derived conditions; both neonatal and adult body mass decreased in a gradual, phyletic manner in parallel across callitrichids, and across cheirogaleids. we identify lineages with particularly rapid decreases and highlight the pygmy marmoset, callithrix pygmaea, as a phenotypic outlier. the life-history traits associated with body- ... | 2013 | 23442013 |
| phacoemulsification considerations in nonhuman primates. | to describe the pre-surgical, surgical, and post-surgical considerations for phacoemulsification in non-human primates. | 2012 | 22882136 |
| multiple environmental contexts and communication in pygmy marmosets (cebuella pygmaea). | there are multiple components to the concept of umwelt experienced by an organism that may constrain the type and structure of communication signals as well as the usefulness of these signals. to illustrate the impact of these multiple environmental components, the authors used signals of the pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea), a small primate from the western amazon. the authors summarize studies to show how the physical effects of the habitat; effects of other species, both predators and nonpre ... | 2002 | 12083614 |
| ovarian function of pygmy marmoset daughters (cebuella pygmaea) in intact and motherless families. | reproductive inhibition of subordinate callitrichid group members has been shown to vary with genus; whereas female leontopithecus subordinates have normal ovarian cycles and occasionally breed within groups, subordinate saguinus females almost never do so, with callithrix species showing intermediate levels of reproductive inhibition. no information has been available on patterns of reproduction or inhibition in subordinate females in the genus cebuella. we assessed fertility in cebuella pygmae ... | 1997 | 9403099 |
| rate of metabolism in the smallest simian primate, the pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea). | rate of metabolism was measured with six adult pygmy marmosets (cebuella pygmaea) at regulated ambient temperatures ranging between 20 degrees c and 35 degrees c. a novel combined nest box and metabolic chamber was designed to allow nighttime measurements on immobile animals in their home cage without disturbance. the basal rate of metabolism (bmr) was 98 ml o2 h-1, representing 74% of the value expected from the equation of mcnab [quarterly review of biology 63:25-54, 1988] relative to body mas ... | 1997 | 9057967 |
| ecology and population dynamics of the pygmy marmoset, cebuella pygmaea. | the pygmy marmoset population of a 3-km2 sample area of amazonian lowland forest was censused and monitored intensively between september 1976 and january 1978. floodplain forest constituted the habitat of cebuella and supported a population density of 51.5 independently locomoting individuals (ili) per square kilometer. the highest population concentration occurred along the edges of the river, where the density reached 274 ili per km2. adults comprised about one half of the total population. a ... | 1982 | 6815036 |
| a brainstem atlas of catecholaminergic neurons and serotonergic perikarya in a pygmy primate (cebuella pygmaea). | the present paper provides a brainstem atlas showing the distribution of catecholaminergic cells and processes, as well as serotonergic perikarya, in the pygmy marmoset. the findings revealed by the falck and hillarp histofluorescence method conform in essential details to what has been described in rodents. these and other comparative data indicate that a prototypical pattern of organization of aminergic systems has been retained in the evolution of primates. | 1978 | 412880 |
| filaroides cebuellae sp. n. (nematoda: metastrongyloidea) from the lung of a pygmy marmoset, cebuella pygmaea (spix, 1823). | | 1965 | 4957461 |
| the positional behavior of pygmy marmosets (cebuella pygmaea) in northwestern bolivia. | pygmy marmosets are distinctive given their diminutive body size, their year-round reliance upon exudates, and their use of morphologically adapted tegulae to engage in a high degree of claw-clinging behaviors associated with exudate exploitation. this project examined the positional behavior and habitat preferences of one group of pygmy marmosets in a secondary forest within the department of pando, northwestern bolivia. results from this study indicate that pygmy marmosets primarily use claw-c ... | 2011 | 21360318 |
| dialects in pygmy marmosets? population variation in call structure. | population variation in primate vocal structure has been rarely observed. here, we report significant population differences in the structure of two vocalizations in wild pygmy marmosets (trills and j calls). we studied 14 groups of pygmy marmosets callithrix (cebuella) pygmaea pygmaea from five populations in northeastern ecuador. we analyzed the acoustic structure of trills and j calls recorded from two adult animals in each group through focal samples. although individuals and groups within a ... | 2009 | 19132731 |
| interpopulation differences in exudate feeding of pygmy marmosets in ecuadorian amazonia. | local variations in fruit- and leaf-eating have been reported for some primate species; however, similar variations in exudate-feeding of pygmy marmosets, one of the most specialized neotropical primate species, have not been studied. in our 3-year study of four populations of pygmy marmosets in northeastern ecuador, we characterized their exudate-feeding behavior by describing the use of exudate sources. we tested whether the use of exudate species was related to ecological factors such as the ... | 2005 | 15940711 |
| social processes in communication and cognition in callitrichid monkeys: a review. | studies of vocal development in nonhuman primates have found little evidence for plasticity in vocal production, somewhat more for usage of calls, with the greatest plasticity arising in response to calls of others. generally, similar results were obtained with callitrichid monkeys, the marmosets and tamarins, but with several interesting exceptions. infant pygmy marmosets show babbling behavior with improvement in adult call structure related to the amount and diversity of babbling. adult marmo ... | 2001 | 24777515 |
| comparative karyology and evolution of the amazonian callithrix (platyrrhini, primates). | chromosomal studies in three species of amazonian callithrix (2n=44) and data in the literature show that this group is karyomonotypic. moreover, it is characterized by the presence of abundant heterochromatic regions, unlike the situation in congeneric forms of callithrix of the atlantic coast with 2n=46, and by the presence of a highly repetitive, exclusive dna component, with a basic repeat motif of 1528bp. karyotypic comparisons with other callitrichids and an outgroup species showed that ca ... | 1996 | 8575247 |
| a re-evaluation of the social organisation of the callitrichidae, with reference to the ecological differences between genera. | field studies of callitrichid species have reported a surprising degree of variation in the composition of social groups, some of which has been interpreted as evidence of 'cooperative polyandry' in recent reviews. the majority of the evidence is, however, derived from studies of only one of the four callitrichid genera, saguinus. while most features of the morphology and behaviour of all callitrichid species are broadly similar, studies of marmosets (callithrix spp. and cebuella pygmaea) indica ... | 1989 | 2515129 |
| gender differences in caring for infant cebuella pygmaea: the role of infant age and relatedness. | this paper describes a three-part study of the parenting behaviors of 6 family groups of cebuella pygmaea (pygmy marmosets). in the first part, the parenting patterns of undisturbed family groups housed under laboratory conditions were scored throughout the first 10 weeks following the birth of their second infant(s). to further investigate the role of infant age in determining parental behavior, caretaking patterns were studied after a brief separation of infants of varying ages from their fami ... | 1988 | 3126090 |
| the vocalizations of pygmy marmosets (cebuella pygmaea). | the vocalizations from a colony of pygmy marmosets are described along with the context in which each was likely to occur. three contact--location calls were observed to be similar in physical structure, but each appeared in a different context. the ontogeny of these contact-location calls is presented and demonstrates a greater correlation with stages of parental dependence than with chronological age. alerting and agonistic vocalizations also are described. many of the vocalizations show close ... | 1975 | 812392 |
| the somatic and meiotic chromosomes of cebuella pygmaea (spix 1823) with special reference to the behavior of the sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis. | | 1968 | 4966052 |
| phylogenetic classification of six novel species belonging to the genus bifidobacterium comprising bifidobacterium anseris sp. nov., bifidobacterium criceti sp. nov., bifidobacterium imperatoris sp. nov., bifidobacterium italicum sp. nov., bifidobacterium margollesii sp. nov. and bifidobacterium parmae sp. nov. | six bifidobacterium strains, i.e., goo31d, ham19e, rab10a, tam1g, uis4e and uis1b, were isolated from domestic goose (anser domesticus), european hamster (cricetus cricetus), european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator) and pygmy marmoset (callithrix pygmaea). cells are gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobic and fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna, its-, multilocus- sequences and the co ... | 2018 | 29395537 |
| complete genome analysis confirms that the pygmy marmoset adenovirus is a variant of the skunk adenovirus 1 - short communication. | the complete genomic sequence along with phylogenetic analyses of an adenovirus (adv), isolated from a dead captive pygmy marmoset (callithrix pygmaea) from a hungarian zoo is reported. earlier, based on the phylogenetic analysis of the sequence of a pcr-amplified fragment from the dna polymerase gene, the pygmy marmoset adv (pmadv) has been reported to cluster closest to certain chiropteran advs. in the following years similar advs were discovered in additional mammalian hosts, including a skun ... | 2020 | 33128521 |
| a comparative study of litter size and sex composition in a large dataset of callitrichine monkeys. | in many birds and mammals, the size and sex composition of litters can have important downstream effects for individual offspring. primates are model organisms for questions of cooperation and conflict, but the factors shaping interactions among same-age siblings have been less-studied in primates because most species bear single young. however, callitrichines (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins) frequently bear litters of two or more, thereby providing the opportunity to ask whether variati ... | 2019 | 31389057 |
| nonhuman primate welfare: can there be a relationship between personality, lateralization and physiological indicators? | measuring personality is being used to improved nonhuman primate welfare. to expand its use, it is important to identify traits that are shared between species and that measures are reliable, easy to use and less time consuming. combining personality and other indicators strong validation of the results can be obtained. in the present study, we sought to determine if there is a link between physiological stress response (fecal cortisol metabolites), personality (ratings made by animal keepers an ... | 2019 | 31271769 |
| the japan monkey centre primates brain imaging repository for comparative neuroscience: an archive of digital records including records for endangered species. | advances in magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and computational analysis technology have enabled comparisons among various primate brains in a three-dimensional electronic format. results from comparative studies provide information about common features across primates and species-specific features of neuroanatomy. investigation of various species of non-human primates is important for understanding such features, but the majority of comparative mri studies have been based on experimental primat ... | 2018 | 30357587 |
| gum feeder as environmental enrichment for zoo marmosets and tamarins. | tamarins and marmosets are small-bodied social callitrichines. wild callitrichines feed on exudates, such as sap and gum; particularly, marmosets are mainly gummivores, while tamarins consume gums only occasionally and opportunistically. zoo marmosets and tamarins are usually provided with gum arabic as an alternative to the exudates normally found in the wild. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a gum feeder on the behavior and well-being of four zoo-managed callitrichines. we ... | 2020 | 31944345 |
| detection of urinary gonadotropins in callitrichid monkeys with a sensitive immunoassay based upan a unique monoclonal antibody. | a radioimmunological method for measuring urinary luteinizing hormone (lh) and chorionic gonadotropin (cg) excretion in the family callitrichidae is described. the method uses a monoclonal antibody that will be available in virtually unlimited quantity. several polyclonal antisera that have been useful for the detection of callitrichid gonadotropins are near depletion. the monoclonal antibody-based ria provided similar results when compared with the mouse leydig cell bioassay for lh and a previo ... | 1993 | 31937000 |
| asymmetrical gait kinematics of free-ranging callitrichine primates in response to changes in substrate diameter and orientation. | arboreal environments present considerable biomechanical challenges for animals moving and foraging among substrates varying in diameter, orientation and compliance. most studies of quadrupedal gait kinematics in primates and other arboreal mammals have focused on symmetrical walking gaits and the significance of diagonal sequence gaits. considerably less research has examined asymmetrical gaits, despite their prevalence in small-bodied arboreal taxa. here, we examined whether and how free-rangi ... | 2020 | 32414871 |
| detection of skunk adenovirus 1 in two north american porcupines (erethizon dorsatum) with respiratory disease. | adenoviruses have been reported to affect a broad range of host species, tend to be species specific, and often affect the respiratory system. this report describes the isolation of an adenovirus from deep nasal swabs of two wild north american porcupines (erethizon dorsatum) with respiratory diseases that presented to a wildlife hospital. partial sequences of the deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase gene of the isolated virus were identical to skunk adenovirus (skadv-1), also known as pygmy marmose ... | 2020 | 31926539 |
| human speech reduces pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea) feeding and resting at a peruvian tourist site, with louder volumes decreasing visibility. | although potentially beneficial in terms of raising awareness and conservation funding, tourist visitation of wild primates can have negative impacts on visited groups. tourism-generated noise is a relatively understudied facet of ecotourism research, and the effects of tourist-generated speech on free-ranging, wild primates has never been explored previously. this study investigates the behavioral responses of 10 groups of pygmy marmosets (cebuella pygmaea) to human speech. through the use of a ... | 2019 | 30924189 |
| cognitive components of vocal communication: a case study. | communication among nonhuman animals is often presented as rigid and inflexible, reflecting emotional states rather than having any cognitive basis. using the world's smallest monkey, the pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea), with the smallest absolute brain size amongst simian primates as a case study, i review the role of cognition in the development and usage of vocalizations in pygmy marmosets and present new data on the instrumental use of babbling and of food associated vocalizations. pygmy m ... | 2018 | 30041425 |
| how many pygmy marmoset (cebuella gray, 1870) species are there? a taxonomic re-appraisal based on new molecular evidence. | the pygmy marmoset, cebuella pygmaea, the smallest of the new world monkeys, has one of the largest geographical distributions of the amazonian primates. two forms have been recognized: cebuella pygmaea pygmaea (spix, 1823), and c. p. niveiventris lönnberg, 1940. in this study, we investigated if the separation of pygmy marmosets into these two clades can be corroborated by molecular data. we also examine and compare coloration of the pelage in light of the new molecular results. we analyzed the ... | 2018 | 29175546 |
| the effects of infant births on the sociosexual behavior and hormonal patterns of a cooperatively breeding primate (cebuella pygmaea). | this study examined changes in the behavioral and hormonal patterns of cooperatively breeding pairs in a primate species with the passing of time and with specific reproductive events. we (1) compared patterns of sexual, agonistic, and affiliative behavior of newly paired pygmy marmosets with the same behavioral patterns immediately after the birth of their first set of infants; (2) determined if postpartum behavioral differences existed between pairs whose infants lived and those whose infants ... | 1996 | 31918509 |
| evolution of sexual dimorphism in body weight in platyrrhines. | neotropical primates show a remarkable range in body size, spanning two orders of magnitude from the tiny pygmy marmosets (100 g) to the woolly spider monkeys (11,000+ g). even among the "smaller" platyrrhines, the range is large. in addition, these primates demonstrate a wide diversity in degrees and directions of sexual dimorphism, in both body size and canine size, from marked positive dimorphism (males larger than females), through monomorphic species, to negative dimorphism. potential corre ... | 1994 | 31936970 |
| reproductive performance and excretion of urinary estrogens and gonadotropins in the female pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea). | by retrospective review of colony records and determinations of urinary hormones we have described the reproductive profile of the female pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea). the pygmy marmoset is a nonseasonal breeder and gives birth to twins 76% of the time with single births occurring 16% and triplet births 8% of the time. interbirth intervals ranged from 149-746 days. first births occurred to females between 24-42 months of age and 5-27 months post pairing. we measured urinary estrone, estradi ... | 1990 | 31952429 |
| sociosexual behavior of a free-ranging cebuella pygmaea (callitrichidae, platyrrhini) troop during postpartum estrus of its reproductive female. | the sociosexual behavior of a free-ranging cebuella pygmaea troop containing two adult males was studied throughout a postpartum periestrous period of its reproductive female. a clear-cut male-initiated six-day behavioral estrous period occurred from the 13th through 18th day postpartum, with a two-day peak of mating activity on the 15th and 16th days. both adult males attempted to mate with the female, but the dominant male maintained exclusive mating access to her by guarding behavior and aggr ... | 1987 | 31973465 |
| "conversations" among pygmy marmosets. | pygmy marmosets (cebuella pygmaea) use a variety of trill-like vocalizations to maintain contact among group members throughout the day. frequently, when one animal gives a trill, other animals will respond antiphonally. among three pygmy marmosets in a captive group, there were clear patterns or sequences of calling among animals. all three animals would call in sequence more frequently than expected by chance, while the likelihood of an animal calling twice before each of the other animals cal ... | 1984 | 32138463 |
| mirror-image responses in pygmy marmosets (cebuella pygmaea). | only a few nonhuman species (chimpanzees and orangutans) have displayed mirror-image recognition of themselves by grooming at a spot that can only be seen with the mirror. pygmy marmosets have never been observed to self-groom, but they do behave toward mirrors in a manner suggestive of the early stages of mirror-image recognition. they displayed a rapid extinction of social threat responses to their own image and of novelty responses to mirrors, but continued to show mirror-specific responses s ... | 1983 | 31986855 |