| diminished internalization and action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 in dermal fibroblasts cultured from new world primates. | we investigated the occurrence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25-(oh)2d3]-resistant osteomalacia in the new world primate colony of saguinus imperator at the los angeles zoo. the mean serum concentration of 1,25-(oh)2d3 was elevated 5-fold in the new world primates compared to that in their old world counterparts. the specific internalization of 0.6 nm [3h]1,25-(oh)2d3 by cultured dermal fibroblasts from new world primates was reduced 75% compared to that by cells from old world primates or man. ... | 1985 | 3922744 |
| cerebrospinal angiostrongyliasis in five captive tamarins (sanguinus spp). | four cotton-top tamarins (sanguinus oedipus oedipus) and one emperor tamarin (s imperator subgrisescens) housed in a zoo became depressed, anorexic, paraparetic and eventually paralysed. the animals died within 5 days to 18 months of the appearance of clinical signs. histological examination showed nonsuppurative and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, and metastrongyle nematode larvae were found within subarachnoid spaces of all animals and within the spinal cord of one. intact larvae with featur ... | 1998 | 9578750 |
| toxoplasmosis in golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas) and emperor marmosets (saguinus imperator) in captivity. | from 1991 to 1995, eight new world nonhuman primates of the family callitrichidae belonging to the collection of fundacão parque zoologico de são paulo died of toxoplasmosis. of the eight affected nonhuman primates, four were leontopithecus chrysomelas (one male, three females) and four were saguinus imperator (two males, two females). the most commonly affected organs were the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes, with hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions. histopathologic examination revealed protozoa tha ... | 2000 | 10982139 |
| novel regulators of vitamin d action and metabolism: lessons learned at the los angeles zoo. | we undertook an investigation of an outbreak of rachitic bone disease in the emperor tamarin new world primate colony at the los angeles zoo in the mid-1980s. the disease phenotype resembled that observed in humans with an inactivating mutation of the vitamin d receptor (vdr), hypocalcemia, high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d (1,25-(oh)(2)d) levels, and rickets in rapidly growing adolescent primates. in contrast to the human disease, the new world primate vdr was functionally normal in all respects. th ... | 2003 | 12520531 |
| overt fatal and chronic subclinical encephalitozoon cuniculi microsporidiosis in a colony of captive emperor tamarins (saguinus imperator). | the course of an infection with the microsporidian encephalitozoon cuniculi in a colony of captive emperor tamarins (saguinus imperator) is described. in two litters, the infection was associated with overt disease and death of all infants. immunohistochemistry for e. cuniculi showed generalized infections, and histopathologic evaluation revealed systemic vasculitis and disseminated mixed inflammatory cell infiltration with and without necrosis in several organs. serologically, some of the juven ... | 2003 | 12823634 |
| disseminated lethal encephalitozoon cuniculi (genotype iii) infections in cotton-top tamarins (oedipomidas oedipus)--a case report. | for the first time, encephalitozoon (e.) cuniculi genotype iii ('dog strain') was verified in two cotton-top tamarins (oedipomidas oedipus) by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, pcr and sequencing. the animals had a disseminated lethal infection with this protist. in earlier reports, genotype iii had been found only in domestic dogs, man, emperor tamarins (saguinus imperator) and golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). this investigation establishes now that the ... | 2004 | 14984833 |
| use of spatial, visual, and olfactory information during foraging in wild nocturnal and diurnal anthropoids: a field experiment comparing aotus, callicebus, and saguinus. | early in their evolution, the ancestors of anthropoid primates radiated from a nocturnal to a diurnal niche. foraging during the night differs from foraging during the day in terms of the availability of light and color cues, and in the movement of odor molecules through the canopy. in this study, we compared the ability of nocturnal and diurnal new world monkeys to use perceptual cues (i.e., the sight or smell of food) and spatial information (place predictability) in within-patch foraging deci ... | 2004 | 15027091 |
| quantitative data on training new world primates to urinate. | this study assessed the effectiveness of operant conditioning in training three species of captive callitrichid primates (leontopithecus rosalia, callithrix geoffroyi, and saguinus imperator) to urinate on demand. there were three goals to the study: 1) to develop a system for quantitatively assessing positive reinforcement training; 2) to ascertain whether or not positive reinforcement techniques can be used to train callitrichid monkeys to urinate on demand, and if so, how many training sessio ... | 2004 | 15356860 |
| the win-stay rule in foraging decisions by free-ranging titi monkeys (callicebus cupreus cupreus) and tamarins (saguinus imperator imperator and saguinus fuscicollis weddelli). | rainforest primates need to apply distinct foraging rules for efficiently using the spatial knowledge of the distribution of resources showing different temporal patterns of renewal. a win-stay rule is very important for exploiting abundant, long-lasting resources. here, the author tests the use of this rule in wild groups of emperor tamarins (saguinus imperator imperator), saddle-back tamarins (saguinus fuscicollis weddelli), and titi monkeys (callicebus cupreus cupreus) during a series of fora ... | 2005 | 16131263 |
| disseminated encephalitozoonosis in captive, juvenile, cotton-top (saguinus oedipus) and neonatal emperor (saguinus imperator) tamarins in north america. | disseminated encephalitozoonosis was diagnosed in 2 sibling, juvenile, cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and 3 sibling, neonatal, emperor tamarins (s. imperator) by use of histologic examination, histochemical analysis, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis with nucleotide sequencing. all tamarins were captive born at zoos in north america and died with no premonitory signs of disease. the main pathologic findings were myocarditis (4/5), hepatitis (3/5), intersti ... | 2006 | 16846985 |
| naturally acquired visceral leishmaniasis in non-human primates in brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a chronic and often fatal protozoal disease that is endemic in belo horizonte (state of minas gerais, brazil). leishmania sp. is an intracellular obligatory parasite of macrophages that can naturally infect several mammalian species. non-human primates (nhp) have been used as experimental models for infection with leishmania of the donovani complex. the present report describes a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a black-fronted titi. among 41 primates kept in capt ... | 2010 | 20056328 |
| temporal and demographic blood parasite dynamics in two free-ranging neotropical primates. | parasite-host relationships are influenced by several factors intrinsic to hosts, such as social standing, group membership, sex, and age. however, in wild populations, temporal variation in parasite distributions and concomitant infections can alter these patterns. we used microscropy and molecular methods to screen for naturally occurring haemoparasitic infections in two neotropical primate host populations, the saddleback (leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (saguinus imperator) tamarin, in the ... | 2017 | 28393014 |
| primate abundance and habitat preferences on the lower urubamba and tambo rivers, central-eastern peruvian amazonia. | we report information on population density, group size, and habitat preferences of primates along the lower río urubamba and in the río urubamba-río tambo interfluvium, in central-eastern peruvian amazonia, an area that has been little explored with regard to its primate fauna. during 425 km of transect walks in october-november 2008 and april-may 2009 totally 174 groups of nine primate species were encountered, the most common being callicebus brunneus (45 groups), saguinus imperator (41 group ... | 2013 | 23661029 |
| chronic plasmodium brasilianum infections in wild peruvian tamarins. | there is an increased interest in potential zoonotic malarias. to date, plasmodium malariae that infects humans remains indistinguishable from plasmodium brasilianum, which is widespread among new world primates. distributed throughout tropical central and south america, the callitrichidae are small arboreal primates in which detection of natural plasmodium infection has been extremely rare. most prior screening efforts have been limited to small samples, the use of low-probability detection met ... | 2017 | 28902879 |
| tamarin polyspecific associations: forest utilization and stability of mixed-species groups. | niche separation is likely to play a key role in the formation of mixed-species groups. saddle-backed tamarins (saguinus fuscicollis) were studied at three sites with different primate communities in northern bolivia: (1) with red-bellied tamarins,s. labiatus; (2) with emperor tamarins,s. imperator; and (3) without a congeneric species. the degree of association is higher betweens. labiatus ands. fuscicollis than betweens. imperator ands. fuscicollis and is related to differences in forest utili ... | 1999 | 23179543 |
| bifidobacterium vansinderenii sp. nov., isolated from faeces of emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator). | a novel bifidobacterium strain, tam10bt, i.e. lmg 30126t, was isolated from emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator). cells were gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, non-haemolytic, facultative anaerobic and fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna genes as well as multilocus sequences (representing hsp60, rpob, dnaj, dnag and clpc genes) and the core genome revealed that bifidobacterium tam10bt exhibited close phylogenetic relatedness to bifidoba ... | 2017 | 28893355 |
| biased hand use in captive emperor tamarins (saguinus imperator). | comparing forelimb use across primates can improve the understanding of the mechanisms and functions of brain asymmetry. we broadened the comparative framework by investigating hand use biases across spontaneous behaviors in 11 captive emperor tamarins of 2 family groups. we found a right preference across 58% of pooled unimanual bouts and 60% of all tasks. the maximum biases for a single task were 88% right-hand use and 78% left-hand use. on an individual basis, for most tasks, 6 tamarins prefe ... | 2014 | 24491176 |
| validation of urinary cortisol as an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in the bearded emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator subgrisescens). | the use of cortisol levels as a measure of stress is often complicated by the use of invasive techniques that may increase hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis activity during sample collection. the goal of this study was to collect samples noninvasively and validate an enzyme-immunoassay (eia) for the measurement of cortisol in urine to quantify hpa axis activity in the bearded emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator subgrisescens). urine samples were collected from trained subjects between 07 ... | 2004 | 15152370 |
| experimental field study of the relative costs and benefits to wild tamarins (saguinus imperator and s. fuscicollis) of exploiting contestable food patches as single- and mixed-species troops. | several species of tamarins form stable mixed-species troops in which groups of each species feed, forage, rest, and travel together during much of the year. although the precise set of factors that facilitate this ecological relationship remains unclear, predator detection and foraging benefits are presumed to play a critical role in maintaining troop stability. in this work we present data from an experimental field study designed to examine how factors such as social dominance and within-patc ... | 2003 | 12910465 |
| observations on the birth and subsequent care of twin offspring by a lone pair of wild emperor tamarins (saguinus imperator). | the birth of emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator) twins was observed in the wild. the mother was a member of lone pair in a marked population of emperor tamarins in the manu national park, peru. this report describes the birth and provides subsequent information on infant care and survival. despite some difficulties, this lone pair of relatively young, primiparous emperor tamarins was able to successfully raise twin offspring to the age of at least 1 month. | 2000 | 11051446 |
| protamine 1 gene sequence from the primate saguinus imperator isolated with pcr using consensus oligonucleotides. | | 1991 | 1840669 |
| bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp. nov. from the faeces of the emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator). | three gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator). given that the isolates revealed identical box pcr profiles, strain tri 5t was selected as a representative and characterized further. comparative analysis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity revealed that strain tri 5t was closely related to bifidobacterium saguini dsm 23967t ( ... | 2018 | 29116036 |
| phylogenetic classification of six novel species belonging to the genus bifidobacterium comprising bifidobacterium anseris sp. nov., bifidobacterium criceti sp. nov., bifidobacterium imperatoris sp. nov., bifidobacterium italicum sp. nov., bifidobacterium margollesii sp. nov. and bifidobacterium parmae sp. nov. | six bifidobacterium strains, i.e., goo31d, ham19e, rab10a, tam1g, uis4e and uis1b, were isolated from domestic goose (anser domesticus), european hamster (cricetus cricetus), european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator) and pygmy marmoset (callithrix pygmaea). cells are gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobic and fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna, its-, multilocus- sequences and the co ... | 2018 | 29395537 |
| a comparative study of litter size and sex composition in a large dataset of callitrichine monkeys. | in many birds and mammals, the size and sex composition of litters can have important downstream effects for individual offspring. primates are model organisms for questions of cooperation and conflict, but the factors shaping interactions among same-age siblings have been less-studied in primates because most species bear single young. however, callitrichines (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins) frequently bear litters of two or more, thereby providing the opportunity to ask whether variati ... | 2019 | 31389057 |
| nonhuman primate welfare: can there be a relationship between personality, lateralization and physiological indicators? | measuring personality is being used to improved nonhuman primate welfare. to expand its use, it is important to identify traits that are shared between species and that measures are reliable, easy to use and less time consuming. combining personality and other indicators strong validation of the results can be obtained. in the present study, we sought to determine if there is a link between physiological stress response (fecal cortisol metabolites), personality (ratings made by animal keepers an ... | 2019 | 31271769 |
| bifidobacterium primatium sp. nov., bifidobacterium scaligerum sp. nov., bifidobacterium felsineum sp. nov. and bifidobacterium simiarum sp. nov.: four novel taxa isolated from the faeces of the cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) and the emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator). | four novel gram-stain-positive, non spore forming and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive strains were isolated from the faeces of a cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) and an emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator). phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna revealed that bifidobacterial strains tre 1t exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness to bifidobacterium catulorum dsm 103154 (96.0%) and bifidobacterium tissieri dsm 100201 (96.0%); tre dt and tre ht were closely related to bifidobacte ... | 2018 | 30150092 |
| reproduction of the emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator) in captivity, with comparisons to cotton-top and golden lion tamarins. | little information has been published on the reproductive biology and behavior of the emperor tamarin (saguinus imperator). we analyzed twelve years of data on emperor tamarins at the los angeles zoo and made comparisons with data on cotton-top tamarins (saguinus o. oedipus) and golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) from the same collection. secondary sex ratios did not differ significantly from 50:50. births were not strictly seasonal for any species. the number of infants reared had a ... | 1992 | 31948169 |
| a multiyear survey of helminths from wild saddleback (leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (saguinus imperator) tamarins. | the establishment of baseline data on parasites from wild primates is essential to understand how changes in habitat or climatic disturbances will impact parasite-host relationships. in nature, multiparasitic infections of primates usually fluctuate temporally and seasonally, implying that the acquisition of reliable data must occur over time. individual parasite infection data from two wild populations of new world primates, the saddleback (leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (saguinus imperator) ... | 2019 | 31692027 |
| classification of producer characteristics in primate long calls using neural networks. | primate long calls are high-amplitude vocalizations that can be critical in maintaining intragroup contact and intergroup spacing, and can encode abundant information about a call's producer, such as age, sex, and individual identity. long calls of the wild emperor (saguinus imperator) and saddleback (leontocebus weddelli) tamarins were tested for these identity signals using artificial neural networks, machine-learning models that reduce subjectivity in vocalization classification. to assess wh ... | 2018 | 30075650 |
| influence of ultraviolet b radiation on vitamin d3 metabolism in vitamin d3-resistant new world primates. | we investigated the occurrence of rickets in adolescent tamarins (saguinus imperator) residing at the los angeles zoo. compared to tamarins in the same colony without clinical evidence of bone disease (n = 6), rachitic platyrrhines (n = 3) had a decrease in their serum calcium concentration (p < .05). the affected tamarins also had lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25-(oh)2d3) levels than did nonaffected colony mates, but 2-10-fold higher concentrations than in old world primates of a comp ... | 1992 | 31941204 |