| female reproductive patterns in nonhibernating bats. | the major reproductive events in the oestrous cycles of nonhibernating mega- and microchiropteran species are reviewed. however, special attention is given to the reproductive biology of the temperate north american species, tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (molossidae), the mexican free-tailed bat, which expresses dextral uterine and ovarian dominance. only the larger right ovary is capable of producing an ovulatory follicle and the left has long been considered atrophic. in order to elucidate th ... | 1979 | 572874 |
| effects of dde on experimentally poisoned free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis): lethal brain concentrations. | adult female free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) were collected at bracken cave, texas, and shipped to the patuxent wildlife research center. treated mealworms (tenebrio molitor) containing 107 ppm dde were fed to 17 bats; five other bats were fed untreated mealworms. after 40 days on dosage, during which one dosed bat was killed accidentally, four dosed bats were frozen and the remaining 17 were starved to death. the objective was to elevate brain levels of dde to lethality and measure the ... | 1977 | 599587 |
| a single-unit analysis of inferior colliculus in unanesthetized bats: response patterns and spike-count functions generated by constant-frequency and frequency-modulated sounds. | 1. single-unit activity evoked by constant-frequency (cf) and frequency-modulated (fm) sounds was recorded from the inferior colliculus of unanesthetized mexican free-tailed bats. the fm bursts were designed to mimic the natural orientation cries emitted by this species. 2. the feature of greatest concern in this study is the response patterns evoked by acoustic signals. four major types of response patterns are recognized: a) the phasic on patterns where up to 4 spikes were evoked with a total ... | 1978 | 660229 |
| bat mortality: pesticide poisoning and migratory stress. | organochlorine residues in the fat of young mexican free-tailed bats, tadarida brasiliensis, reached the brain and caused symptoms of poisoning after the fat mobilization that takes place during migratory flight was simulated. these chemical body burdens were obtained naturally under free-living conditions at the maternity roost. the data obtained support the hypothesis that pesticides have contributed to recent declines in populations of this bat. | 1976 | 959845 |
| kaeng khoi virus from naturally infected bedbugs (cimicidae) and immature free-tailed bats. | kaeng khoi virus was recovered from bedbugs (stricticimex parvus and cimex insuetus) and from suckling wrinkle-lipped bats (tadarida plicata) collected in central thailand. the data implicate bedbugs as possible vectors of this virus. | 1976 | 1086729 |
| [trichostrongyloidea nematodes, parasites of microchiroptera]. | 1. a) list of nematodes collected by professor aellen in european microchiroptera. additionnal morphological data to the study of molinostrongylus alatus, m. panousei, m. skrjabini. description of m. aelleni n. sp. b) description of m. richardae n. sp., m. benexae n. sp. et m. bauchoti n. sp., parasites of malagasian molossidae. c) description of m. colleyi n. sp. and m. owyangi n. sp., parasites of malaysian vespertilioninae, and of allintoschius dunni n. sp., discovered in myotis mystacinus fr ... | 1975 | 1211768 |
| ectoparasitic mites (acari) of sympatric brazilian free-tailed bats and big brown bats in alabama. | seven species of mites were recovered from 133 brazilian free-tailed bats, tadarida brasiliensis, and 94 big brown bats, eptesicus fuscus, from february through november 1990 in colonies that shared roosting space in east-central alabama. the macronyssid chiroptonyssus robustipes (ewing) was the most common mite on t. brasiliensis (964 mites, 87% of bats infested) and on e. fuscus (109 mites, 29% of bats infested). however, c. rubustipes normally is a specific parasite of t. brasiliensis. the ma ... | 1992 | 1625301 |
| evidence for prenatal transfer of rabies virus in the mexican free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana). | fetuses were collected from four mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) and a fetal bat cell (fbc) line was established and tested for its ability to support the replication of the era vaccine strain of rabies virus. cytopathic effects were detected in era virus-inoculated as well as uninoculated fbc's. immunofluorescent antibody testing of uninoculated fbc's provided no evidence for the presence of rabies virus. however, mice inoculated intracranially with supernatant fluid f ... | 1989 | 2668566 |
| prevalence of rabies specific antibodies in the mexican free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) at lava cave, new mexico. | adult female and juvenile mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) were collected bimonthly at lava cave, new mexico from may through september. the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of active rabies infection as well as to determine individual immune status in these hosts. all bats were bled and examined for rabies antibody (total antibody versus igm) utilizing a modified serum neutralization test. the brains were removed and examined by the fluorescent rabies ... | 1989 | 2681843 |
| reproduction of angola free-tailed bats (tadarida condylura) and little free-tailed bats (tadarida pumila) in malawi (central africa) and elsewhere in africa. | angola free-tailed bats and little free-tailed bats occur in diverse habitats throughout most of africa south of the sahara. this study investigated the reproductive strategies and related biology of these species in malawi where they were sympatric, and analysed data from elsewhere in africa to show how the strategies varied along a gradient of habitats from approximately 12 degrees n to 25 degrees s. both the angola free-tailed bat and the little free-tailed bat were normally monotocous. angol ... | 1989 | 2915350 |
| time is traded for intensity in the bat's auditory system. | disparities in time and intensity are the two chief cues animals use for localizing a sound source in space. echolocating bats belonging to the family molossidae emit brief, ultrasonic signals for orientation that sweep downward about an octave over the duration of the pulse. due to acoustic shadowing and the directional properties of the ears, pronounced interaural intensity disparities are created that vary as a function of azimuth. however, due to the small headwidth of these animals, azimuth ... | 1988 | 3209486 |
| eimeria from bats of the world. ii. a new species in tadarida femorosacca from sonora, mexico. | between 1979 and 1980, 104 bats representing 13 species in 4 families were collected in california and new mexico, u.s.a., and baja california and sonora, mexico, and were examined for coccidia; only 3 (3%) had oocysts in their feces. bats examined and their infection rates were: molossidae: 0 of 12 tadarida brasiliensis, 1 of 18 (6%) t. femorosacca; natalidae: 0 of 1 natalus stramineus; phyllostomatidae: 0 of 1 choeronycteris mexicana, 0 of 2 leptonycteris sanborni, 0 of 1 macrotus californicus ... | 1988 | 3357122 |
| reproductive biology of the male little mastiff bat, mormopterus planiceps (chiroptera:molossidae), in southeast australia. | the anatomy, biology, and chronology of reproduction in the male of the long penile form of mormopterus planiceps was studied in southeast south australia and victoria. in the morphology of its primary and accessory reproductive organs, m. planiceps was generally reminiscent of other molossidae; however, in the specialized (sebaceous) nature of the cowper's gland ducts, in the presence of para-anal glands, and in the unusual, horizontally bifid glans penis and the greatly elongated os penis, it ... | 1987 | 3604955 |
| reproductive biology of the female little mastiff bat, mormopterus planiceps (chiroptera: molossidae) in southeast australia. | the reproductive biology of the female little mastiff bat (mormopterus planiceps) was studied from specimens obtained throughout the year in southeast australia, within the region occupied only by the long penile form of this species. mormopterus planiceps appeared to undergo a single pregnancy each year and was monotocous. conception occurred during late winter/early spring after a protracted proestrus, during which the uterine/vaginal epithelia attained an extraordinary thickness; spermatozoa ... | 1987 | 3604956 |
| filaroid nematodes in the central nervous system of free-tailed bats (molossus ater). | | 1987 | 3695409 |
| reproduction in females of the little free-tailed bat, tadarida (chaerephon) pumila, in the eastern transvaal, south africa. | little free-tailed bats (2-9/month) were collected over 15 months in the eastern transvaal lowveld (latitude 24 degrees 59's). there was an extended but distinct breeding season of 8 months per year. females appeared to be polyoestrous and able to bear 3 pregnancies per breeding season. there was a progressive decrease in the magnitude of the three birth peaks during the breeding season, with a concomitant slight loss in birth synchronization. gestation period was approximately 60 days and one y ... | 1986 | 3735237 |
| karyotypic analyses of twenty-one species of molossid bats (molossidae: chiroptera). | | 1974 | 4407328 |
| transmission experiments with bat rabies isolates: reaction of certain carnivora, opossum, and bats to intramuscular inoculations of rabies virus isolated from free-tailed bats. | | 1966 | 5913022 |
| transmission experiments with bat rabies isolates: bite transmission of rabies to foxes and coyote by free-tailed bats. | | 1966 | 5913028 |
| occurrence of the bat tick ornithodoros (alectorobius) kelleyi cooley & kohls (acari: argasidae) in costa rica and its relation to human bites. | several persons from two localities in costa rica (san rafael de coronado, 1510 m and dulce nombre de tres ríos, 1445 m) were bitten by ticks, subsequently identified as ornitohodoros (a.) kelleyi (argasidae), commonly associated with bats. in the attics of their homes, live adults, larvae, nymphs and skins were found in the bat guano. since there are no records of adult argasids in this country, a laboratory colony was established to observe the biology of these ticks and their association with ... | 1984 | 6535178 |
| effects of dde and pcb (aroclor 1260) on experimentally poisoned female little brown bats (myotis lucifugus): lethal brain concentrations. | adult female little brown bats (myotis lucifugus) were collected in a church attic in north east, cecil county, md. mealworms (tenebrio molitor) containing organochlorine pollutants were fed to the bats as follows: 5 bats were dosed at 480 ppm dde, 12 at 150 ppm dde, 5 at 1000 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb; aroclor 1260), and 12 at 15 ppm pcb. seven other bats were fed untreated mealworms. the objective was to elevate brain levels of dde and pcb to lethality and measure these concentrations. ... | 1981 | 6790723 |
| contribution of bats to the maintenance of histoplasma capsulatum in a cave microfocus. | bracken cave, a large natural cavern located 25 miles northeast of san antonio, texas, serves as nursery roost for millions of mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis). ten days after spending several hours in the cave in early may 1979, three graduate students presented with signs and symptoms compatible with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis. a study was initiated to determine the presence and location of histoplasma capsulatum in the cave and its inhabitants. the fungus was cultured dire ... | 1982 | 7081547 |
| time and frequency domain processing in the inferior colliculus of echolocating bats. | tone bursts and frequency-modulated (fm) signals were presented to mexican free-tailed bats and tuning curves, discharge patterns, and discharge latencies of single units in the inferior colliculus were recorded. cells were broadly tuned to tone bursts, with most q 10 values ranging from 3 to 20. however, in response to fm stimulation the discharges of neurons were closely synchronized to the time of occurrence of restricted frequency components within the fm sweep. these excitatory frequencies ... | 1981 | 7309646 |
| isolation of candida species from bats in nigeria. | eighteen (15%) of 120 nigerian bats screened for fungal infections yielded yeasts of medical importance from their visceral organs. candida albicans was the commonest organism recovered from the liver, spleen, kidneys and intestinal contents 1 of 10 out of 40 glossophaga soricinia bats (nectar-feeding bats). candida krusei was recovered from the liver and spleen of 3 out of 50 molossus maior bats (the tropical house bat). five out of 30 lesser free-tailed bats (rhinopoma hardwickei hardwickei) y ... | 1994 | 7746295 |
| temporal auditory summation in the echolocating bat, tadarida brasiliensis. | auditory thresholds improve with increasing signal duration within the maximum integration time of the auditory system, a phenomenon called temporal summation. the temporal summation function is a basic characteristic of particular relevance for bat sonar, as it determines the ability to detect targets with short echolocation calls. temporal summation was studied in 6 mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) in a forced two-choice behavioural test. masked auditory thresholds for 40-khz t ... | 1994 | 7928724 |
| siphonaptera of north america north of mexico: ischnopsyllidae. | the four genera and 11 species of bat fleas known to occur in north america north of mexico are reviewed with respect to their distribution and host preferences. all are found on hosts belonging to the bat family vespertilionidae except sternopsylla distincta (rothschild, 1903) and hormopsylla trux jordan, 1950, which parasitize species of molossidae. keys are provided for the genera and species and their diagnostic characters are illustrated. | 1994 | 8057308 |
| cross-placental transfer of organochlorine pesticides in mexican free-tailed bats from oklahoma and new mexico. | a total of 41 pregnant mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) were collected from carlsbad caverns, new mexico, and vickery cave, oklahoma, in may and june 1990 and may 1991 for organochlorine pesticide analyses. residues of p,p'-dde were detected by gas chromatography in 40 embryos at levels highly correlated with brain concentrations (r = 0.496) but were not correlated mother's body tissues (r = 0.060). embryonic levels also did not correlate with either embryonic fat content (r = 0. ... | 1994 | 8060168 |
| residues of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in livers of mexican free-tailed bats. | | 1994 | 8186632 |
| what ears do for bats: a comparative study of pinna sound pressure transformation in chiroptera. | using a moveable loudspeaker and an implanted microphone, we studied the sound pressure transformation of the external ears of 47 species of bats from 13 families. we compared pinna gain, directionality of hearing and interaural intensity differences (iid) in echolocating and non-echolocating bats, in species using different echolocation strategies and in species that depend upon prey-generated sounds to locate their targets. in the pteropodidae, two echolocating species had slightly higher dire ... | 1993 | 8371084 |
| karyotypic patterns of seven species of molossid bats (molossidae, chiroptera) | g- and c-banding patterns of seven species of the bat family molossidae, eumops glaucinus, e. perotis, molossops abrasus, m. temminckii, molossus ater, m. molossus, and nyctinomops laticaudatus, were identified. comparisons among the karyotypes of these species showed extensive homologies between e. perotis, m. ater, m. molossus, m. abrasus, and n. laticaudatus, demonstrating inter- and intrageneric conservatism, and a lesser degree of homologies in m. temminckii and e. glaucinus, reflecting int ... | 1996 | 8565627 |
| organochlorine pesticide accumulation and genotoxicity in mexican free-tailed bats from oklahoma and new mexico. | the summer population of mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) at carlsbad caverns, new mexico, declined from an estimated 8.7 million in 1936 to 200,000 in 1974; thereafter, it increased to approximately 700,000 in 1991. this decline has been attributed primarily to organochlorine (oc) pesticide contamination and habitat disturbance. similar declines have been observed in other populations of this species. this study examined the potential genotoxic effects of oc pesticide contaminat ... | 1996 | 8593080 |
| [rabies in insectivorous (mollossidae) bats of southeastern brazil]. | four rabid bats belonging to three species of molossidae (one molossus molossus, one nyctinomops laticaudatus and two n. macrotis) were captured in the state of s. paulo, southeastern brazil. three of these bats were found during the day in unusual, visible places and the other came flying through a window in the evening. a descriptive table containing data on 19 similar cases, belonging to eight species, is presented and suggests that bats with atypical behavior must dearly be suspected of bein ... | 1995 | 8731280 |
| high plasma cholesterol, but low triglycerides and plaque-free arteries, in mexican free-tailed bats. | female mammals typically become hyperphagic from mid- to late pregnancy and during lactation. mexican free-tailed bats, tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, double their nightly food intake from late pregnancy to peak lactation and consume an insect diet that is exceptionally high in fat. during late pregnancy and throughout lactation, fasting plasma levels of cholesterol in this insectivorous bat are high (215 +/- 8 mg/dl) and are nearly 10-fold higher than in three species of old world frugivorous ... | 1996 | 8945941 |
| eimeria from bats of the world: two new species from myotis spp. (chiroptera: vespertilionidae). | between 1986 and 1995, 548 fecal samples were collected from 41 species of bats (molossidae, mormoopidae, phyllostomidae, thyropteridae, and vespertilionidae) from new mexico, california, baja california sur (mexico), and bolivia. of these, the feces of 28 (5%) bats, including antrozous pallidus, myotis ciliolabrum, myotis lucifugus, and myotis yumanensis (vespertilionidae), contained oocysts representing at least 3 species of eimeria. a new species of eimerian from m. lucifugus (3/27, 11%) and ... | 1997 | 9194833 |
| african bats: evolution of reproductive patterns and delays. | patterns of reproduction in african bats can be compared in three taxon-based groups: fruit bats (megachiroptera), freetailed bats (microchiroptera: molossidae) and the nonmolossid microchiroptera. in the fruit bats and nonmolossid microchiroptera there is a trend from either seasonal or aseasonal polyestry, with prolonged or continuous spermatogenesis in the tropics, towards seasonal monestry and seasonal spermatogenesis at more temperate latitudes. reproductive delays (sperm storage, delayed i ... | 1997 | 9293029 |
| ultrastructure of the binary parotid glands in the free-tailed bat, tadarida thersites. i. principal parotid gland. | many species of bats have two sets of submandibular glands, principal and accessory. the accessory gland may resemble the principal one but more often shows wide morphological divergence. the free-tailed bat, tadarida thersites, is very unusual in that it has two sets of parotid glands rather than binary submandibular glands. we studied the ultrastructure of the principal parotid gland to establish a baseline for comparison with the accessory parotid. | 1998 | 9605227 |
| ultrastructure of the binary parotid glands in the free-tailed bat, tadarida thersites. ii. accessory parotid gland. | many bat species have an extra set of major salivary glands. in some species, the accessory glands are quite similar to the principal one, but in others they may be radically different. accessory glands usually are associated with the submandibular gland, but the free-tailed bat, tadarida thersites, also has an accessory parotid gland. in the present study, we compared the accessory parotid gland with its principal counterpart. | 1998 | 9605228 |
| six new eimeria species from vespertilionid bats of north america. | twenty species of bats (molossidae, vespertilionidae) were collected from california, new mexico, oregon, south carolina, utah, and baja california norte (mexico), and 29 of 404 (7%) animals, including antrozous pallidus, eptesicus fuscus, myotis auriculus, myotis californicus, myotis ciliolabrum, myotis evotis, myotis lucifugus, myotis thysanodes, myotis vivesi, myotis volans, myotis yumanensis, and nycticeius humeralis were infected with eimeria spp., which represent 6 new species. sporulated ... | 1999 | 10386443 |
| eimeria from bats of bolivia: two new species from vespertilionid bats. | between 1985 and 1987, fecal samples were collected from 71 bats representing 14 species (desmodontidae, molossidae, noctilionidae, phyllostomidae, vespertilionidae) from 8 localities in 3 states (beni, pando, santa cruz) in bolivia, south america. of these, 2 black myotid bats (vespertilionidae), myotis nigricans, and 1 tent-making bat (phyllostomidae), uroderma magnirostrum, had oocysts in their feces that represent undescribed species of eimeria. the new species from m. nigricans (2/4, 50%) h ... | 1999 | 10386444 |
| multiple components of ipsilaterally evoked inhibition in the inferior colliculus. | the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (icc) receives a large number of convergent inputs that are both excitatory and inhibitory. although excitatory inputs typically are evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear, inhibitory inputs can be recruited by either ear. here we evaluate ipsilaterally evoked inhibition in single icc cells in awake mexican free-tailed bats. the principal question we addressed concerns the degree to which ipsilateral inhibition at the icc suppresses contrala ... | 1999 | 10444659 |
| ectoparasites of brazilian free-tailed bats with emphasis on anatomical site preferences for chiroptonyssus robustipes (acari: macronyssidae). | seven species of arthropods were recovered from 45 brazilian free-tailed bats, tadarida brasiliensis (i. geoffrey), captured from may 1994 to may 1995 from a roost in jenkins county, ga. six species of mites were found infesting the bats, representing 5 families: macronyssidae, cheyletidae, sarcoptidae, rosensteiniidae, and uropodidae. the macronyssid mite chiroptonyssus robustipes (ewing) and the hemipteran bat bug, cimex adjunctus (barber), were collected from the host and the roost. c. robust ... | 1999 | 10467777 |
| serotonin differentially modulates responses to tones and frequency-modulated sweeps in the inferior colliculus. | although almost all auditory brainstem nuclei receive serotonergic innervation, little is known about its effects on auditory neurons. we address this question by evaluating the effects of serotonin on sound-evoked activity of neurons in the inferior colliculus (ic) of mexican free-tailed bats. two types of auditory stimuli were used: tone bursts at the neuron's best frequency and frequency-modulated (fm) sweeps with a variety of spectral and temporal structures. there were two main findings. fi ... | 1999 | 10479707 |
| [isolation of rabies virus in molossus ater in (chiroptera: molossidae)in são paulo state, brazil]. | this is a report of rabies infection in insectivorous bat molossus ater in the city districts of araçatuba, penápolis and são josé do rio preto, in são paulo state, brazil. fluorescent antibody test detected the virus in the brain and isolation was obtained by intracerebral inoculation of mice with nervous tissue and organs suspension. there was no contact with humans or other animals. | 1999 | 10689381 |
| features of contralaterally evoked inhibition in the inferior colliculus. | cells in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (icc) receive a large number of convergent inputs that are not only excitatory but inhibitory as well. while the excitatory responses of icc cells have been studied extensively, less attention has been paid to the effects that inhibitory inputs have on auditory processing in the icc. the purpose of this study was to examine the role of contralaterally evoked inhibition in single icc cells in awake mexican free-tailed bats. to study the cont ... | 2000 | 10713497 |
| bat rabies in urban centers in chile. | one hundred and five rabies isolates obtained from domestic animals and insectivorous bats in chile between 1977 and 1998 were molecularly characterized by limited sequence analysis of their nucleoprotein genes. these isolates were compared with viruses isolated from known domestic and wildlife rabies reservoirs in the americas to identify potential reservoirs of rabies in chile. the phylogenetic analyses showed that none of the chilean isolates segregated with viruses from the terrestrial reser ... | 2000 | 10813604 |
| intrachromosomal distribution of telomeric repeats in eumops glaucinus and euntops perotis (molossidae, chiroptera). | the location of chromosomal telomeric repeats (ttaggg)n was investigated in two species of the molossidae family, eumops glaucinus and eumops perotis. the diploid chromosome number (2n) is 40 in e. glaucinus and 48 in e. perotis and the fundamental numbers (fn) are 64 and 58, respectively. it has been suggested that the e. glaucinus karyotype has evolved from the e. perotis karyotype through robertsonian fusion events. in the present study, the telomeric sequences were detected at the termini of ... | 2000 | 11117352 |
| serotonin effects on frequency tuning of inferior colliculus neurons. | we investigated the modulatory effects of serotonin on the tuning of 114 neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (icc) of mexican free-tailed bats and how serotonin-induced changes in tuning influenced responses to complex signals. we obtained a "response area" for each neuron, defined as the frequency range that evoked discharges and the spike counts evoked by those frequencies at a constant intensity. we then iontophoretically applied serotonin and compared response areas obt ... | 2001 | 11160516 |
| reversible inactivation of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus reveals its role in the processing of multiple sound sources in the inferior colliculus of bats. | neurons in the inferior colliculus (ic) that are excited by one ear and inhibited by the other [excitatory-inhibitory (ei) neurons] can code interaural intensity disparities (iids), the cues animals use to localize high frequencies. although ei properties are first formed in a lower nucleus and imposed on some ic cells via an excitatory projection, many other ei neurons are formed de novo in the ic. by reversibly inactivating the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (dnll) in mexican free-tai ... | 2001 | 11425910 |
| ddt and the decline of free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) at carlsbad cavern, new mexico. | ddt is believed to have caused the population of brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) at carlsbad cavern to decline severely after 1936. nevertheless, previous data supporting this hypothesis are limited to a single study from 1974, which indicated that 20% of young free-tails from the cavern may have died of dde poisoning during their first southward migration. in this study i compared organochlorine residues among samples of free-tails collected in carlsbad cavern in 193 ... | 2001 | 11525497 |
| ultrastructure of the atrioventricular junctional area in the heart of molossus molossus pallas 1766 (chiroptera: molossidae). | the atrioventricular junctional area (avja) consists of a group of structures that connects the atrial and ventricular myocardium. five hearts of an insect-eating bat were studied in light and transmission electron microscopy. in m. molossus, the avja consists in a mass of muscle fibers intermingled with variable amount of connective tissue and blood vessels surrounded by the adjacent myocardium and the attachment of the right atrioventricular and aortic valves in the fibrous skeleton. in light ... | 1998 | 11928122 |
| isolation of st. louis encephalitis virus from bats (tadarida b. mexicana) in texas. | a strain of st. louis encephalitis virus has been isolated from mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida b. mexicana) collected at the time of an outbreak of encephalitis in texas in 1964. | 1966 | 12325353 |
| response selectivity for species-specific calls in the inferior colliculus of mexican free-tailed bats is generated by inhibition. | here we show that inhibition shapes diverse responses to species-specific calls in the inferior colliculus (ic) of mexican free-tailed bats. we presented 10 calls to each neuron of which 8 were social communication and 2 were echolocation calls. we also measured excitatory response regions: the range of tone burst frequencies that evoked discharges at a fixed intensity. the calls evoked highly selective responses in that ic neurons responded to some calls but not others even though those calls s ... | 2002 | 12364520 |
| spectral determination of responses to species-specific calls in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. | this study evaluated how neurons in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (dnll) in mexican free-tailed bats respond to both tone bursts and species-specific calls. up to 20 calls were presented to each neuron, of which 18 were social communication and 2 were echolocation calls. we also measured excitatory response regions (errs): the range of tone burst frequencies that evoked discharges at a fixed intensity. neurons were unselective for one or another call in that each neuron responded t ... | 2002 | 12364521 |
| a comparative zoo-fish analysis in bats elucidates the phylogenetic relationships between megachiroptera and five microchiropteran families. | fluorescence in-situ hybridization with human whole chromosome painting probes (wcps) was applied to compare the karyotypes of members of five bat families. twenty-five evolutionarily conserved units (ecus) were identified by zoo-fish analysis. in 10 of these 25 ecus, thorough gtg-band comparison revealed an identical banding pattern in all families studied. differences in the remaining ecus were used as characters to judge the phylogenetic relationships within chiroptera. close relationships we ... | 2002 | 12489830 |
| trends in national surveillance for rabies among bats in the united states (1993-2000). | to describe surveillance trends and epidemiologic features of rabies in bats in the united states, focusing on 3 bat species primarily associated with variants of the rabies virus that affect humans. | 2003 | 12619845 |
| karyotypic characterization of the bat species molossus ater, m. molossus and molossops planirostris (chiroptera, molossidae) using fish and banding techniques. | the karyotypes of the bat species molossus ater, m. molossus (2n = 48; nf = 64) and molossops planirostris (2n = 34; nf = 60) were analyzed by g-, c-banding, silver nitrate staining (agno3), base-specific fluorochromes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). the two species of molossus presented the constitutive heterochromatin (ch) in the pericentromeric regions of all autosomes and in the x chromosome, while the y chromosome was completely heterochromatic. molossops planirostris showed c ... | 2003 | 12921160 |
| generic and specific synonymy of mitonyssoides stercoralis yunker, lukoschus, and giesen, 1990 with coprolactistus whitakeri radovsky and krantz, 1998 (acari: mesostigmata: macronyssidae). | mitonyssoides stercoralis yunker, lukoschus, and giesen, 1990 is recognized as a senior subjective synonym of coprolactistus whitakeri radovsky and krantz, 1998, new synonymy, and therefore mitonyssoides yunker, lukoschus, and giesen, 1990 is a senior synonym of coprolactistus radovsky and krantz, 1998, new synonymy. by the species synonymy reported in this work, the known range of bat guano associations for m. stercoralis is extended to include both vespertilionidae and molossidae. systematic a ... | 2003 | 14680134 |
| ambiguities in sound-duration selectivity by neurons in the inferior colliculus of the bat molossus molossus from cuba. | this study examines duration selectivity in auditory neurons of the inferior colliculus of the bat molossus molossus (molossidae, chiroptera) from cuba. three main types of duration selectivity, short-, band-, and long-pass, as previously described in other species, are present in m. molossus. the range of best durations in the inferior colliculus of this species approximates the durations of their echolocation calls, suggesting that, as has been shown in other species of bats and frogs, the fil ... | 2004 | 14711975 |
| acarine infracommunities associated with the mexican free-tailed bat, tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (chiroptera: molossidae) in arid regions of mexico. | the mexican free-tailed bat, tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, is one of the most widely distributed bats, and its range includes the whole mexican territory. ectoparasites of this bat have been the subject of isolated reports, but no studies of its community ecology have been conducted. the acarine infracommunities associated with this bat were analyzed, comparing bat populations from three arid regions of mexico: an abandoned factory in nombre de dios, durango; a cave in santiago, nuevo león; an ... | 2003 | 14765683 |
| specializations for aerial hawking in the echolocation system of molossus molossus (molossidae, chiroptera). | while searching for prey, molossus molossus broadcasts narrow-band calls of 11.42 ms organized in pairs of pulses that alternate in frequency. the first signal of the pair is at 34.5 khz, the second at 39.6 khz. pairs of calls with changing frequencies were only emitted when the interpulse intervals were below 200 ms. maximum duty cycles during search phase are close to 20%. frequency alternation of search calls is interpreted as a mechanism for increasing duty cycle and thus the temporal contin ... | 2004 | 15112101 |
| dynamics of jamming avoidance in echolocating bats. | animals using active sensing systems such as echolocation or electrolocation may experience interference from the signals of neighbouring conspecifics, which can be offset by a jamming avoidance response (jar). here, we report jar in one echolocating bat (tadarida teniotis: molossidae) but not in another (taphozous perforatus: emballonuridae) when both flew and foraged with conspecifics. in t. teniotis, jar consisted of shifts in the dominant frequencies of echolocation calls, enhancing differen ... | 2004 | 15306318 |
| bat flies (diptera: streblidae, nycteribiidae) parasitic on bats (mammalia: chiroptera) at parque estadual da cantareira, são paulo, brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite associations. | a total of 443 bat flies belonging to the families nycteribiidae and strelidae, were collected on 22 species of bats (molossidae, phyllostomidae, and vespertilionidae) from parque estadual da cantareira (são paulo, brazil), between january, 2000 and january, 2001. eighteen new occurrences of bat flies were recorded on anoura geoffroyi (anastrebla caudiferae), glossophaga soricina (a. caudiferae), sturnira lilium (trichobius phyllostomae, t. furmani, and paraeuctenodes similis), artibeus lituratu ... | 2005 | 15867959 |
| hesperoctenes fumarius (hemiptera: polycteenidae) infesting molossus rufus (chiroptera: molossidae) in southeastern brazil. | we analyzed the prevalence, intensity, and medium density of parasitism of hesperoctenes fumarius infesting molossus rufus in natural (hollow trees) and anthropogenic roosts (attics) in southeastern brazil. the prevalence and intensity of infestations were higher in the hollow trees than in the attic roosts. we also noted a relationship between the amount of space available within the roost and the infestation levels of h. fumarius. one advantage of roosting in larger, often man-made, refuges ma ... | 2005 | 15986628 |
| differing roles of inhibition in hierarchical processing of species-specific calls in auditory brainstem nuclei. | here we report on response properties and the roles of inhibition in three brain stem nuclei of mexican-free tailed bats: the inferior colliculus (ic), the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (dnll) and the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (inll). in each nucleus, we documented the response properties evoked by both tonal and species-specific signals and evaluated the same features when inhibition was blocked. there are three main findings. first, dnll cells have little or no su ... | 2005 | 16135548 |
| functional and structural optimization of the respiratory system of the bat tadarida brasiliensis (chiroptera, molossidae): does airway geometry matter? | we studied structure and function of the respiratory system in the bat tadarida brasiliensis and compared it with those of two species of rodents, abrothrix andinus and a. olivaceus. tadarida brasiliensis had lower resting oxygen consumption, but higher maximum oxygen consumption and aerobic scope, than the rodents. the blood-gas barrier of the bat was thinner and its relative lung size was larger; however, alveolar surface density was similar among the three species. in consequence, t. brasilie ... | 2005 | 16215224 |
| bats, clocks, and rocks: diversification patterns in chiroptera. | identifying nonrandom clade diversification is a critical first step toward understanding the evolutionary processes underlying any radiation and how best to preserve future phylogenetic diversity. however, differences in diversification rates have not been quantitatively assessed for the majority of groups because of the lack of necessary analytical tools (e.g., complete species-level phylogenies, estimates of divergence times, and robust statistics which incorporate phylogenetic uncertainty an ... | 2005 | 16405167 |
| a faunal survey of streblid flies (diptera: streblidae) associated with bats in paraguay. | an extensive survey of the ectoparasites infesting bats in paraguay provides information regarding the taxonomy and host distribution of streblid bat flies at a geographic interface between subtropical and temperate habitats. five families of bats representing 45 species, including molossidae (5 genera and 15 species), natalidae (1 genus and 1 species), phyllostomidae (11 genera and 15 species), noctilionidae (1 genus and 2 species), and vespertilionidae (4 genera and 12 species) were collected ... | 2005 | 16419742 |
| genetic relationships between brazilian species of molossidae and phyllostomidae (chiroptera, mammalia). | a comparative analysis of g-banded karyotypes was performed for seven species of chiroptera, representing two families (phyllostomidae and molossidae). despite the differences in diploid and fundamental numbers, extensive homologies between six karyotypes were identified: a . planirostris, p. lineatus, s. lilium, g. soricina, p. hastatus (phyllostomidae) and m. rufus (molossidae). robertsonian rearrangements and pericentric inversions account for the differences between the karyotypes of phyllos ... | 2006 | 16502097 |
| molecular diversity of rabies viruses associated with bats in mexico and other countries of the americas. | bat rabies and its transmission to humans and other species in mexico were investigated. eighty-nine samples obtained from rabid livestock, cats, dogs, and humans in mexico were studied by antigenic typing and partial sequence analysis. samples were further compared with enzootic rabies associated with different species of bats in the americas. patterns of nucleotide variation allowed the definition of at least 20 monophyletic clusters associated with 9 or more different bat species. several lin ... | 2006 | 16672396 |
| applying network analysis to the conservation of habitat trees in urban environments: a case study from brisbane, australia. | in australia more than 300 vertebrates, including 43 insectivorous bat species, depend on hollows in habitat trees for shelter with many species using a network of multiple trees as roosts. we used roost-switching data on white-striped freetail bats (tadarida australis; microchiroptera: molossidae) to construct a network representation of day roosts in suburban brisbane, australia. bats were caught from a communal roost tree with a roosting group of several hundred individuals and released with ... | 2006 | 16909578 |
| bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans. | amongst the 60 viral species reported to be associated with bats, 59 are rna viruses, which are potentially important in the generation of emerging and re-emerging infections in humans. the prime examples of these are the lyssaviruses and henipavirus. the transmission of nipah, hendra and perhaps sars coronavirus and ebola virus to humans may involve intermediate amplification hosts such as pigs, horses, civets and primates, respectively. understanding of the natural reservoir or introductory ho ... | 2007 | 17042030 |
| echolocation calls of poey's flower bat (phyllonycteris poeyi) unlike those of other phyllostomids. | unlike any other foraging phyllostomid bat studied to date, poey's flower bats (phyllonycteris poeyi-phyllostomidae) emit relatively long (up to 7.2 ms), intense, single-harmonic echolocation calls. these calls are readily detectable at distances of at least 15 m. furthermore, the echolocation calls contain only the first harmonic, which is usually filtered out in the vocal tract of phyllostomids. the foraging echolocation calls of p. poeyi are more like search-phase echolocation calls of sympat ... | 2007 | 17149582 |
| tadaridanema delicatus (schwartz, 1927) n. gen., n. comb. (trichostrongylina: molineidae) parasite of molossidae bats. | on the basis of the revision of the type material of anoplostrongylus delicatus schwartz, 1927, and new specimens collected from tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (saussure, 1860) in 4 arid localities from mexico, we describe a new genus (tadaridanema n. gen.), to which a. delicatus is transferred (as tadaridanema delicatus (schwartz, 1927) n. gen., n. comb.). this new genus differs from all other genera included in anoplostrongylinae by having ray 2 larger than ray 3. in addition, t. delicatus can ... | 2006 | 17152947 |
| a family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, miniopterus. | the long-fingered bats (miniopterus sp.) are among the most widely distributed mammals in the world. however, despite recent focus on the systematics of these bats, their taxonomic position has not been resolved. traditionally, they are considered to be sole members of miniopterinae, 1 of 5 subfamilies within the largest family of bats, the vespertilionidae. however, this classification has increasingly been called into question. miniopterines differ extensively from other vespertilionids in num ... | 2007 | 17449895 |
| spectrotemporal receptive fields in the inferior colliculus revealing selectivity for spectral motion in conspecific vocalizations. | frequency modulations are a prominent feature of animal vocalizations and human speech. here we investigated how neurons in the inferior colliculus (ic) of mexican free-tailed bats respond to the frequency-modulated (fm) direction and velocity of complex signals by extracting their spectrotemporal receptive fields (strfs) using a family of upward- and downward-moving ripple stimuli. strfs were obtained in more than half of the cells that were sampled. to verify the validity of each strf, we comp ... | 2007 | 17475796 |
| organochlorine pesticide residues in guano of brazilian free-tailed bats, tadarida brasiliensis saint-hilaire, from east texas. | | 2007 | 17476450 |
| whole cell recordings of intrinsic properties and sound-evoked responses from the inferior colliculus. | response features of inferior colliculus (ic) neurons to both current injections and tone bursts were studied with in vivo whole cell recordings in awake mexican free-tailed bats. of 160 cells recorded, 95% displayed one of three general types of discharge patterns in response to the injection of positive current: 1) sustained discharges; 2) adapting discharges; and 3) onset-bursting discharges. sustained neurons were the most common type (n=78), followed by onset-bursting (n=57). the least comm ... | 2008 | 18440717 |
| echolocating bats cry out loud to detect their prey. | echolocating bats have successfully exploited a broad range of habitats and prey. much research has demonstrated how time-frequency structure of echolocation calls of different species is adapted to acoustic constraints of habitats and foraging behaviors. however, the intensity of bat calls has been largely neglected although intensity is a key factor determining echolocation range and interactions with other bats and prey. differences in detection range, in turn, are thought to constitute a mec ... | 2008 | 18446226 |
| brazilian free-tailed bats as insect pest regulators in transgenic and conventional cotton crops. | during the past 12000 years agricultural systems have transitioned from natural habitats to conventional agricultural regions and recently to large areas of genetically engineered (ge) croplands. this ge revolution occurred for cotton in a span of slightly more than a decade during which a switch occurred in major cotton production areas from growing 100% conventional cotton to an environment in which 95% transgenics are grown. ecological interactions between ge targeted insects and other insect ... | 2008 | 18536245 |
| trypanosoma cruzi (kinetoplastida, trypanosomatidae) genotypes in neotropical bats in brazil. | few studies have been conducted to investigate the role played by the order chiroptera in the sylvatic transmission cycle of trypanosoma cruzi or their putative association with the main genotypes of the parasite. here, the purpose was to enlarge the knowledge of this issue, in this sense, 93 specimens of bats included in 4 families, respectively molossidae, noctilionidae, phyllostomidae and vespertilionidae collected in distinct regions of brazil were submitted to fresh blood smears and hemocul ... | 2008 | 18650015 |
| immunocytochemical study of gastrintestinal endocrine cells in insectivorous bats (mammalia: chiroptera). | the regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the stomach and intestine of phyllostomidae: lonchorhina aurita and molossidae: molossus molossus bats were studied immunohistochemically. three types of immunoreactive (ir) endocrine cells--to serotonin (5-ht), gastrin (gas) and enteroglucagon (gluc)--were found in the gastric mucosa and four types of ir cells were identified in the intestinal mucosa. this study showed an interespecfic difference in the regional distribution ... | 2008 | 18833490 |
| roosting ecology and variation in adaptive and innate immune system function in the brazilian free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis). | bats have recently been implicated as reservoirs of important emerging diseases. however, few studies have examined immune responses in bats, and even fewer have evaluated these responses in an ecological context. we examined aspects of both innate and adaptive immune response in adult female brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) at four maternity roosts (two natural caves and two human-made bridges) in south-central texas. immune measurements included in vitro bactericidal ability ... | 2009 | 19002470 |
| syllable acoustics, temporal patterns, and call composition vary with behavioral context in mexican free-tailed bats. | recent research has shown that some bat species have rich vocal repertoires with diverse syllable acoustics. few studies, however, have compared vocalizations across different behavioral contexts or examined the temporal emission patterns of vocalizations. in this paper, a comprehensive examination of the vocal repertoire of mexican free-tailed bats, t. brasiliensis, is presented. syllable acoustics and temporal emission patterns for 16 types of vocalizations including courtship song revealed th ... | 2008 | 19045674 |
| assessing genetic variability in bat species of emballonuridae, phyllostomidae, vespertilionidae and molossidae families (chiroptera) by rflp-pcr. | a pcr-rflp analysis of the restriction pattern in nuclear (rag2) and mitochondrial (12s/16s) gene sequences of bat species from the molossidae, phyllostomidae, vespertilionidae, and emballonuridae families produced a large number of fragments: 107 for rag2 and 155 for 12s/16s combined in 139 and 402 haplotypes, respectively. the values detected for gene variation were low for both sequences (0.13 for rag2 and 0.15 for 12s/16s) and reflected their conservative feature, reinforced by high values o ... | 2008 | 19048495 |
| embryonic staging system for the black mastiff bat, molossus rufus (molossidae), correlated with structure-function relationships in the adult. | an embryonic staging system for molossus rufus (also widely known as molossus ater) was devised using 17 reference specimens obtained during the postimplantation period of pregnancy from wild-caught, captive-bred females. this was done in part by comparing the embryos to a developmental staging system that had been created for another, relatively unrelated bat, carollia perspicillata (family phyllostomidae). particular attention was paid to the development of species-specific features, such as w ... | 2009 | 19089888 |
| do bigger bats need more time to forage? | we test the hypothesis is that bats using the same area and at the same time would be using similar preys, but they would have different foraging times due to specific differences in biomass. a total of 730 captures was analyzed 13 species of vespertilionidae and molossidae bats netted over a small dam in southeastern brazil from 1993 and 1999. the relationship between the average time of captures and the biomass of the species of vespertilinidae and molossidae most frequent (captures > 4) was p ... | 2008 | 19197500 |
| distribution of 2-[i]iodomelatonin binding in the brain of mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis). | the neurohormone melatonin is an important signal for both time of day and time of year in many seasonally breeding animals. high densities of melatonin receptors have been found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, median eminence, and the pituitary gland in almost all mammals investigated so far, and lower densities of melatonin receptors have also been localized to other brain regions varying in a species-specific fashion. because species-specific differences in receptor distributions have been co ... | 2009 | 19223684 |
| the long lifespan of two bat species is correlated with resistance to protein oxidation and enhanced protein homeostasis. | altered structure, and hence function, of cellular macromolecules caused by oxidation can contribute to loss of physiological function with age. here, we tested whether the lifespan of bats, which generally live far longer than predicted by their size, could be explained by reduced protein damage relative to short-lived mice. we show significantly lower protein oxidation (carbonylation) in mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) relative to mice, and a trend for lower oxidation in sampl ... | 2009 | 19244163 |
| ecology of rabies virus exposure in colonies of brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) at natural and man-made roosts in texas. | previous studies have investigated rabies virus (rabv) epizootiology in brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) in natural cave roosts. however, little is known about geographic variation in rabv exposure, or if the use of man-made roosts by this species affects enzootic rabv infection dynamics within colonies. we sampled rabies viral neutralizing antibodies in bats at three bridge and three cave roosts at multiple time points during the reproductive season to investigate temporal and ... | 2010 | 19492942 |
| imported human rabies--california, 2008. | compared with rabies in developing countries, human rabies is rare in the united states, but animal rabies is common. in the united states, most human rabies cases are associated with rabid bats, whereas in developing countries, dogs are the most common reservoir and vector species. in march 2008, a case of imported human rabies in a recently arrived, undocumented mexican immigrant was laboratory confirmed by public health officials in california. the rabies virus isolated from the patient was a ... | 2009 | 19590490 |
| context-dependent effects of noise on echolocation pulse characteristics in free-tailed bats. | background noise evokes a similar suite of adaptations in the acoustic structure of communication calls across a diverse range of vertebrates. echolocating bats may have evolved specialized vocal strategies for echolocating in noise, but also seem to exhibit generic vertebrate responses such as the ubiquitous lombard response. we wondered how bats balance generic and echolocation-specific vocal responses to noise. to address this question, we first characterized the vocal responses of flying fre ... | 2009 | 19672604 |
| versatility and stereotypy of free-tailed bat songs. | in mammals, complex songs are uncommon and few studies have examined song composition or the order of elements in songs, particularly with respect to regional and individual variation. in this study we examine how syllables and phrases are ordered and combined, ie "syntax", of the song of tadarida brasiliensis, the brazilian free-tailed bat. specifically, we test whether phrase and song composition differ among individuals and between two regions, we determine variability across renditions withi ... | 2009 | 19707550 |
| the chiggerflea hectopsylla pulex (siphonaptera: tungidae) as an ectoparasite of free-tailed bats (chiroptera: molossidae). | in the present study, we investigated the prevalence and intensity of hectopsylla pulex infection in molossus rufus and molossus molossus, the parasite's choice of attachment site, and whether this host-parasite system varies with host size. twenty-four bats were captured by hand from the roof of a house in southeastern brazil. m. rufus exhibited a prevalence of 71.4% and the mean intensity averaged 5 ectoparasites per bat. m. molossus exhibited a prevalence of 90%, and the average mean intensit ... | 2009 | 19722077 |
| new insights into telomeric dna sequence (ttaggg)n location in bat chromosomes. | molossidae species, cynomops abrasus (2n = 34, fundamental number, fn = 64), eumops auripendulus (2n = 42, fn = 62), molossus rufus (2n = 48, fn = 64), molossops temminckii (2n = 48, fn = 64), and nyctinomops laticaudatus (2n = 48, fn = 64), and phyllostomidae species, phyllostomus discolor (2n = 32, fn = 60), have karyotypes with different chromosome and fundamental numbers, different localization of constitutive heterochromatin, and different numbers and location of nucleolar organizer regions ... | 2009 | 19731218 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2008. | during 2008, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,841 cases of rabies in animals and 2 cases in humans to the cdc, representing a 3.1% decrease from the 7,060 cases in animals and 1 case in a human reported in 2007. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,389 (34.9%) raccoons, 1,806 (26.4%) bats, 1,589 (23.2%) skunks, 454 (6.6%) foxes, 294 (4.3%) cats, 75 (1.1%) dogs, and 59 (0.9%) catt ... | 2009 | 19751163 |
| serologic survey for rickettsiosis in bats from são paulo city, brazil. | blood serum samples were collected from 451 bats captured within the são paulo city from april 2007 to november 2008, and individually tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay against antigens derived from five rickettsia species reported to occur in brazil: the spotted fever group (sfg) species r. rickettsii, r. parkeri, r. amblyommii, r. rhipicephali, and the ancestral group species r. bellii. for this purpose, an anti-bat immunoglobulin g was produced and used in the present study. overall ... | 2010 | 19877815 |
| chemically-mediated roostmate recognition and roost selection by brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis). | the brazilian free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis) is an exceptionally social and gregarious species of chiropteran known to roost in assemblages that can number in the millions. chemical recognition of roostmates within these assemblages has not been extensively studied despite the fact that an ability to chemically recognize individuals could play an important role in forming and stabilizing complex suites of social interactions. | 2009 | 19901986 |
| bat community species richness and composition in a restinga protected area in southeastern brazil. | in brazil, restingas are under severe human-induced impacts resulting in habitat degradation and loss and remain one of the less frequently studied ecosystems. the main objectives of the present study are to describe the bat community in a restinga in paulo cesar vinha state park, guarapari municipality, state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil. fieldwork was conducted twice a month from august 2004 to september 2005. a total sampling effort of 40,300 m(2)/h, represents the largest sampling ... | 2009 | 19967177 |
| a mechanism for antiphonal echolocation by free-tailed bats. | bats are highly social and spend much of their lives echolocating in the presence of other bats. to reduce the effects of acoustic interferences from other bats' echolocation calls, we hypothesized that bats might shift the timing of their pulse emissions to minimize temporal overlap with another bat's echolocation pulses. to test this hypothesis we investigated whether free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) echolocating in the lab would shift the timing of their own pulse emissions in respons ... | 2010 | 20419063 |
| updated list of bat species positive for rabies in brazil. | this paper presents an updated list of bat species positive for rabies in brazil. it was developed based on database research via the internet, of international and national literature and annals of the most important technical and scientific meetings related to rabies and chiroptera in brazil from 1996 to 2009. the new list of rabies positive bats consists of 41 species, belonging to 25 genera and three families: phyllostomidae 43.9%, vespertilionidae 29.3% and molossidae 26.8%. in addition, qu ... | 2010 | 20464127 |