| five topographically organized fields in the somatosensory cortex of the flying fox: microelectrode maps, myeloarchitecture, and cortical modules. | five somatosensory fields were defined in the grey-headed flying fox by using microelectrode mapping procedures. these fields are: the primary somatosensory area, si or area 3b; a field caudal to area 3b, area 1/2; the second somatosensory area, sii; the parietal ventral area, pv; and the ventral somatosensory area, vs. a large number of closely spaced electrode penetrations recording multiunit activity revealed that each of these fields had a complete somatotopic representation. microelectrode ... | 1992 | 1573055 |
| cytoarchitecture, neuronal composition, and entorhinal afferents of the flying fox hippocampus. | in a comparative approach, the anatomical organization of the hippocampus was investigated in two species of megachiropteran bats, the grey-headed flying fox, pteropus poliocephalus, and the little red flying fox, pteropus scapulatus. in general, the cytoarchitectonic appearance of the flying fox hippocampus corresponded well with that of other mammals, revealing all major subdivisions. while the dentate fascia was trilaminated with a molecular layer, a granule cell layer, and a distinct polymor ... | 1991 | 1727000 |
| the primary structure of the hemoglobin from the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus) and the black flying fox (p. alecto, megachiroptera). | the primary structures of the hemoglobins of two flying foxes of the genus pteropus are presented. both comprise two components: in p. alecto hemoglobin two alpha-chains at a ratio of 1:1 and two beta-chains at a ratio of 4:1 were detected. the hemoglobin of p. poliocephalus comprises one alpha-chain and two beta-chains, the latter at a ratio of 1:1. the globin chains were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid and gas phase edman deg ... | 1988 | 3228493 |
| erythrocyte biochemistry of the grey-headed fruit bat (pteropus poliocephalus). | 1. several haematological and biochemical parameters were measured in the erythrocytes of the grey-headed fruit bat. 2. the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was almost twice that found in human erythrocytes. similarly pyruvate kinase activity was more than twice that of man. 3. the activities of other enzymes of the glycolytic pathway were similar to those found in man. 4. the level of reduced glutathione (gsh) and the gsh regeneration rate in the erythrocytes of the bat were comparable to those ... | 1987 | 3677608 |
| a variant of the mammalian somatotopic map in a bat. | two ordered representations of the body surface, s-i and s-ii, have been described on the cortical surface of the brains of a variety of mammals; additional separate topographical maps have been found in the somatosensory cortex of the cat and monkey. except for minor variations in the placement of the body parts, the basic somatotopy of the maps is remarkably consistent across species. as the reasons for this consistency and the minor variations are unclear, we examined the somatotopy of the ba ... | 1985 | 3969154 |
| structure and cytopathic effects of nelson bay virus. | a virus isolated from a flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus) has a morphology similar to that of reoviruses. however, unlike the reoviruses, this virus has a rapid cytopathic effect, causing cell fusion, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, and an unusual nuclear degeneration. immunofluorescence indicates that viral antigen is distributed through both nucleus and cytoplasm. viral maturation appears to take place in discrete cytoplasmic factories, and there is no apparent involvement of spindle tubules ... | 1970 | 4097231 |
| lead poisoning in australian fruit bats (pteropus poliocephalus). | | 1970 | 5465575 |
| lead poisoning in grey-headed fruit bats (pteropus poliocephalus). | | 1983 | 6315972 |
| rabies virus infection of a flying fox bat, pteropus policephalus in chandigarh, northern india. | the present communication reports for the first time in south east asia an active infection of frugivorous flying fox bat (pteropus poliocephalus) with a virus belonging to the rhabdo virus group -- a bat virus. negri body like structures were demonstrated by seller's stain and direct immunofluorescence in the brain and salivary gland of the dead bat. the virus was isolated after intracerebral inoculation of homogenate of the bat brain, salivary gland or brown fat separately in new born mice. | 1980 | 7210163 |
| metabolic and ventilatory adjustments and tolerance of the bat pteropus poliocephalus to acute hypoxic stress. | we have investigated the maximum tolerance and the ventilatory responses of a bat, p. poliocephalus (pp), to normobaric hypoxic stress. pp can tolerate inspired po2s (pio2) down to 30 torr. this bat is one of the most hypoxia-tolerant non-hibernating species of mammals known, and has a tolerance which lies within the range of pio2s reported for different birds. unlike most mammals in its size range, pp maintains its normoxic oxygen consumption rate even in deep hypoxia. the maximum hypoxic venti ... | 1995 | 7553335 |
| investigation of gray-headed flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus) (megachiroptera: pteropodidae) and mosquitoes in the ecology of ross river virus in australia. | entomologic and virologic factors were investigated to determine whether gray-headed flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus) from indooroopilly island, brisbane, australia could be vertebrate hosts of ross river (rr) virus. aedes funereus was the most abundant mosquito species with 6,300-38,700 females per light trap night in the flying fox camp containing gray-headed, black (p. alecto), and little red (p. scapulatus) flying foxes. sixteen ae. funereus blood meals from this collection were analyze ... | 1997 | 9347967 |
| visual responses of neurones in the second visual area of flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus) after lesions of striate cortex. | 1. the first (v1) and second (v2) cortical visual areas exist in all mammals. however, the functional relationship between these areas varies between species. while in monkeys the responses of v2 cells depend on inputs from v1, in all non-primates studied so far v2 cells largely retain responsiveness to photic stimuli after destruction of v1. 2. we studied the visual responsiveness of neurones in v2 of flying foxes after total or partial lesions of the primary visual cortex (v1). the main findin ... | 1998 | 9806999 |
| interhemispheric connections of somatosensory cortex in the flying fox. | the interhemispheric connections of somatosensory cortex in the gray-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus) were examined. injections of anatomical tracers were placed into five electrophysiologically identified somatosensory areas: the primary somatosensory area (si or area 3b), the anterior parietal areas 3a and 1/2, and the lateral somatosensory areas sii (the secondary somatosensory area) and pv (pairetal ventral area). in two animals, the hemisphere opposite to that containing the injec ... | 1998 | 9862325 |
| transmission studies of hendra virus (equine morbillivirus) in fruit bats, horses and cats. | to determine the infectivity and transmissibility of hendra virus (hev). | 1998 | 9972433 |
| shape differences in the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae in rats (rattus norvegicus) and bats (pteropus poiocephalus): can we see shape patterns derived from position in column and species membership? | the shapes of cervical (c1-c7) and upper thoracic (t1, t2) vertebrae from the rat and the grey-headed flying fox have been analysed by fourier analysis to investigate the types of variation present and to try to isolate bones according to position along the vertebral column and species. it was found that the t2 vertebrae of the rat are very different from all others in the study, that c2 and c6 vertebrae are very similar and that the remaining vertebrae split according to species. | 1999 | 10337957 |
| angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in grey-headed fruit bats (pteropus poliocephalus). | | 1999 | 10451735 |
| experimental hendra virus infectionin pregnant guinea-pigs and fruit bats (pteropus poliocephalus). | antibodies to hendra virus (hev) have been found in a high percentage of fruit bats (pteropus spp.) in australia, indicating a possible reservoir for the virus. the aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate transplacental infection as a possible mode of transmission of the virus in fruit bats and other animals. in a first experiment, 18 pregnant guinea-pigs in the mid-stage of gestation were inoculated with hev, as an experimental model in a conventional laboratory animal. nine dev ... | 2000 | 10684689 |
| isolation of hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of hendra virus. | since it was first described in australia in 1994, hendra virus (hev) has caused two outbreaks of fatal disease in horses and humans, and an isolated fatal horse case. our preliminary studies revealed a high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to hev in bats of the genus pteropus:, but it was unclear whether this was due to infection with hev or a related virus. we developed the hypothesis that hev excretion from bats might be related to the birthing process and we targeted the reproductive tr ... | 2000 | 10900029 |
| rapid glut-1 mediated glucose transport in erythrocytes from the grey-headed fruit bat (pteropus poliocephalus). | d-glucose entry into erythrocytes from adult grey-headed flying fox fruit bats (pteropus poliocephalus) was rapid and showed saturation at high substrate concentrations. kinetic parameters were estimated from the concentration dependence of initial rates of zero-trans d-glucose entry at 5.5 degrees c as michaelis constant (k(m)) 1. 64+/-0.56 mm, and maximal velocity (v(max)) 1162+/-152 micromol.l. cell water(-1).min(-1). d-glucose entry was inhibited by cytochalasin b; mass law analysis of d-glu ... | 2000 | 10908851 |
| epidemiology and control of menangle virus in pigs. | to describe the epidemiology and eradication of menangle virus infection in pigs. | 2001 | 11301749 |
| [zoonoses caused by new viruses in the paramyxoviridae family]. | based on the literature data, the outbreaks of new zoonoses caused by new members of the family paramyxoviridae are briefly presented. some characteristics of hendra and nipah virus, epidemiological aspects, clinical picture and pathology are described. fruit bats are mentioned as the key to the epidemiology of hendra virus. the virus was isolated from affected humans, horses, and from the uterine fluids of a grey-headed fruit bat (pteropus poliocephalus). new morbillivirus designated nipah viru ... | 2001 | 11554115 |
| pathogenesis studies with australian bat lyssavirus in grey-headed flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus). | to examine the susceptibility of the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus) to australian bat lyssavirus (abl), and to provide preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of the disease in flying foxes. | 2002 | 12465817 |
| collection, seminal characteristics and chilled storage of spermatozoa from three species of free-range flying fox (pteropus spp.). | this study reports observations on the collection and characteristics of semen from free-range populations of flying fox in brisbane, australia. semen was successfully recovered by electroejaculation from 107 of 115 wild flying foxes (pteropus alecto, pteropus poliocephalus and pteropus scapulatus). a proportion of ejaculates collected from all three species contained seminal vesicle secretions, the incidence of which appeared related to breeding season. ejaculate volume was small (5--160 microl ... | 2005 | 15913752 |
| pulau virus; a new member of the nelson bay orthoreovirus species isolated from fruit bats in malaysia. | after the outbreak of nipah virus (niv) in 1998-99, which resulted in 105 human deaths and the culling of more than one million pigs, a search was initiated for the natural host reservoir of niv on tioman island off the east coast of malaysia. three different syncytia-forming viruses were isolated from fruit bats on the island. they were nipah virus, tioman virus (a novel paramyxovirus related to menangle virus), and a reovirus, named pulau virus (puv), which is the subject of this study. puv di ... | 2006 | 16205863 |
| flying foxes as carriers of pathogenic leptospira species. | recent serologic studies have identified flying foxes (pteropus spp.) as carriers of leptospirosis; however, little is known about the role of flying foxes as carriers of pathogenic leptospira spp. to determine if australian pteropus spp. are carriers of pathogenic leptospira spp., taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect leptospiral dna in kidney and urine specimens from four species of flying fox, including the spectacled flying fox (pteropus conspicillatus), black f ... | 2005 | 16456164 |
| development and evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to identify mosquito (diptera: culicidae) bloodmeals originating from native australian mammals. | real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were developed for the identification of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) bloodmeals originating from three groups of native australian mammals. primers and probes were designed to amplify a partial fragment of the cytochrome b gene of the agile wallaby, macropus agilis (gould); brushtail possum, trichosurus vulpecula (kerr); and the consensus sequence of the four species of australian flying fox: pteropus alecto temminck, pteropus conspicilla ... | 2007 | 17294925 |
| experimental nipah virus infection in pteropid bats (pteropus poliocephalus). | seventeen grey-headed fruit bats (pteropus poliocephalus) were inoculated subcutaneously with an isolate of nipah virus derived from a fatally infected human. a control group of eight guinea-pigs was inoculated intraperitoneally with the same isolate in order to confirm virulence. three of eight infected guinea-pigs developed clinical signs 7-9 days post-inoculation. infected fruit bats developed a subclinical infection characterized by the transient presence of virus within selected viscera, ep ... | 2007 | 17498518 |
| the haemosporidian parasites of bats with description of sprattiella alecto gen. nov., sp. nov. | four species of haemoproteidae were found in pteropus alecto temminck, 1837 in queensland, australia: i) johnsprentia copemani, landau et al., 2012; ii) sprattiella alecto gen. nov., sp. nov., characterised by schizonts in the renal vessels; iii) hepatocystis levinei, landau et al., 1985, originally described from pteropus poliocephalus temminck, 1825 and, experimentally from culicoides nubeculosus and found in this new host and for which features of the hepatic schizonts are reported; iv) gamet ... | 0 | 22550624 |
| hendra virus infection dynamics in the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus) at the southern-most extent of its range: further evidence this species does not readily transmit the virus to horses. | hendra virus (hev) is an important emergent virus in australia known to infect horses and humans in certain regions of the east coast. whilst pteropid bats ("flying foxes") are considered the natural reservoir of hev, which of the four mainland species is the principal reservoir has been a source of ongoing debate, particularly as shared roosting is common. to help resolve this, we sampled a colony consisting of just one of these species, the grey-headed flying fox, (pteropus poliocephalus), at ... | 2016 | 27304985 |
| spatiotemporal aspects of hendra virus infection in pteropid bats (flying-foxes) in eastern australia. | hendra virus (hev) causes highly lethal disease in horses and humans in the eastern australian states of queensland (qld) and new south wales (nsw), with multiple equine cases now reported on an annual basis. infection and excretion dynamics in pteropid bats (flying-foxes), the recognised natural reservoir, are incompletely understood. we sought to identify key spatial and temporal factors associated with excretion in flying-foxes over a 2300 km latitudinal gradient from northern qld to southern ... | 2015 | 26625128 |
| measuring physiological stress in australian flying-fox populations. | flying-foxes (pteropid bats) are the natural host of hendra virus, a recently emerged zoonotic virus responsible for mortality or morbidity in horses and humans in australia since 1994. previous studies have suggested physiological and ecological risk factors for infection in flying-foxes, including physiological stress. however, little work has been done measuring and interpreting stress hormones in flying-foxes. over a 12-month period, we collected pooled urine samples from underneath roosting ... | 2014 | 24990534 |
| mouse fibroblast l929 cells are less permissive to infection by nelson bay orthoreovirus compared to other mammalian cell lines. | in recent years, bats have been identified as a natural reservoir for a diverse range of viruses. nelson bay orthoreovirus (nbv) was first isolated from the heart blood of a fruit bat (pteropus poliocephalus) in 1968. while the pathogenesis of nbv remains unknown, other related members of this group have caused acute respiratory disease in humans. thus the potential for nbv to impact human health appears plausible. here, to increase our knowledge of nbv, we examined the replication and infectivi ... | 2015 | 25748429 |
| morphological and phylogenetic description of trypanosoma noyesi sp. nov.: an australian wildlife trypanosome within the t. cruzi clade. | a number of trypanosome isolates from australian marsupials are within the clade containing the human pathogen trypanosoma cruzi. trypanosomes within this clade are thought to have diverged from a common ancestral bat trypanosome. here, we characterise trypanosoma noyesi sp. nov. isolated from the critically endangered woylie (bettongia pencillata) using phylogenetic inferences from three gene regions (18s rdna, ggapdh, and cytb) coupled with morphological and behavioural observations in vitro. ... | 2016 | 27561173 |
| an architectonic comparison of the ventrobasal complex of two megachiropteran and one microchiropteran bat: implications for the evolution of chiroptera. | the architectonic features of the thalamic ventrobasal complex (vb) of two species of megachiropteran (grey-headed flying fox, pteropus poliocephalus, and the eastern tube-nosed bat, nyctimene robinsoni) are compared with those of a microchiropteran (australian ghost bat, macroderma gigas). the somatosensory system was chosen for comparison as it represents a sensory system that has undergone analogous modifications in both chiropteran lineages (the evolution of the wing). the components of vb w ... | 2001 | 11534776 |
| a morphometric study of the lungs of different sized bats: correlations between structure and function of the chiropteran lung. | 1. the lungs of four species of bats, phyllostomus hastatus (ph, mean body mass, 98 g), pteropus lylei (pl, 456 g), pteropus alecto (pa, 667 g), and pteropus poliocephalus (pp, 928 g) were analysed by morphometric methods. these data increase fivefold the range of body masses for which bat lung data are available, and allow more representative allometric equations to be formulated for bats. 2. lung volume ranged from 4.9 cm3 for ph to 39 cm3 for pp. the volume density of the lung parenchyma (i.e ... | 1991 | 1682957 |
| novel paramyxoviruses in australian flying-fox populations support host-virus co-evolution. | understanding the diversity of henipaviruses and related viruses is important in determining the viral ecology within flying-fox populations and assessing the potential threat posed by these agents. this study sought to identify the abundance and diversity of previously unknown paramyxoviruses (upvs) in australian flying-fox species (pteropus alecto, pteropus scapulatus, pteropus poliocephalus and pteropus conspicillatus) and in the christmas island species pteropus melanotus natalis. using a de ... | 2015 | 25701824 |
| climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on australian flying-foxes. | little is known about the effects of temperature extremes on natural systems. this is of increasing concern now that climate models predict dramatic increases in the intensity, duration and frequency of such extremes. here we examine the effects of temperature extremes on behaviour and demography of vulnerable wild flying-foxes (pteropus spp.). on 12 january 2002 in new south wales, australia, temperatures exceeding 42 degrees c killed over 3500 individuals in nine mixed-species colonies. in one ... | 2008 | 18048286 |
| mobility of australian flying-foxes, pteropus spp. (megachiroptera): evidence from genetic variation. | black (pteropus alecto) and grey-headed (pteropus poliocephalus) flying-foxes inhabit large ranges in coastal north and eastern australia. p. poliocephalus is endemic to region and is classified as vulnerable. the bats are known to migrate in response to flowering and fruiting of their food plants, but direct observation of movement patterns is difficult. protein electrophoresis was used to investigate genetic subdivision among populations. high gene flow was inferred for both species with an es ... | 1996 | 8637931 |
| comparative morphology of the pituitary gland in australian flying foxes (megachiroptera: genus pteropus). | investigations of reproductive endocrinology of flying foxes (genus pteropus) have been hampered by inadequate information on the normal morphology of the megachiropteran pituitary. | 1996 | 8838425 |
| flying-fox (pteropus spp.) sperm membrane fatty acid composition, its relationship to cold shock injury and implications for cryopreservation success. | the very large acrosome of pteropus species spermatozoa is prone to damage during cooling procedures. cryogenic succuss has been linked to membrane composition, therefore the lipid composition of five pteropus species sperm acrosomal and plasma membranes were investigated to provide insight into reasons for cold shock susceptibility. rapid chilling and re-warming of spermatozoa from three pteropus species resulted in a decrease (p<0.05) in acrosomal integrity. biochemical analysis of lipids reve ... | 2012 | 22771758 |
| anthropogenic factors are the major cause of hospital admission of a threatened species, the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus), in victoria, australia. | to determine the reasons for presentation and outcomes of hospitalised grey-headed flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus) in victoria, australia, a retrospective analysis was performed on 532 records from two wildlife hospitals. cases were categorised based on presenting signs and outcomes determined. anthropogenic factors (63.7%) were a major cause of flying fox admissions with entanglement in fruit netting the most significant risk for bats (36.8%). overall the mortality rate for flying fox adm ... | 2015 | 26207984 |
| long-distance and frequent movements of the flying-fox pteropus poliocephalus: implications for management. | flying-foxes (pteropodidae) are large bats capable of long-distance flight. many species are threatened; some are considered pests. effective conservation and management of flying-foxes are constrained by lack of knowledge of their ecology, especially of movement patterns over large spatial scales. using satellite telemetry, we quantified long-distance movements of the grey-headed flying-fox pteropus poliocephalus among roost sites in eastern australia. fourteen adult males were tracked for 2-40 ... | 2012 | 22880021 |
| fit females and fat polygynous males: seasonal body mass changes in the grey-headed flying fox. | when females and males differ in their timing of maximum reproductive effort, this can result in sex-specific seasonal cycles in body mass. such cycles are undoubtedly under strong selection, particularly in bats, where they affect flying ability. flying foxes (old world fruit bats, pteropus spp.) are the largest mammals that can sustain powered flight and therefore face critical trade-offs in managing body reserves for reproduction, yet little is known about body mass dynamics in this group. i ... | 2011 | 21153744 |
| polyglucosan inclusions (lafora bodies) in a gray-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus). | polyglucosan bodies (lafora bodies) were identified in a juvenile gray-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus) with neurological signs. the structures were only noted in the brain stem, and no associated degenerative changes were present. these structures have not been previously identified in any species in the order chiroptera. | 2010 | 20224098 |
| testosterone is associated with harem maintenance ability in free-ranging grey-headed flying-foxes, pteropus poliocephalus. | males of many vertebrate species aggressively defend their reproductive interests by monopolizing females, and the 'challenge hypothesis' predicts that testosterone levels in reproductive contexts rise to facilitate males' competitive behaviours necessary for meeting social challenges. the hypothesis is successful in explaining patterns of testosterone secretion in many avian species, but remains comparatively unexplored in mammals. 'circulating plasma testosterone levels (t)' were studied in re ... | 2009 | 19689980 |
| optimized architecture for nutrition in the avascular retina of megachiroptera. | investigations were undertaken to evaluate the unique choroidal vascular system of the megachiroptera (fruit bats) and its possible significance for retinal nutrition. fluorescein angiography was performed and documented on pteropus poliocephalus. vascular casts were made of the eye of pteropus scapulatus. histologic evaluation was performed on p. scapulatus. results confirmed that each papilla has a vascular core, and a unique vascular system emanating from the optic disc. the histological appe ... | 2007 | 17845230 |
| pituitary content of luteinizing hormone reveals species differences in the reproductive synchrony between males and females in australian flying-foxes (genus pteropus). | flying-foxes (genus suborder, pteropus megachiroptera) are long-lived tropical mammals. their seasonal reproduction appears to be regulated by an endogenous, circannual rhythm modified by multiple environmental cues. luteinizing hormone (lh) content in pituitary extracts was examined to establish the broad time-frame of pituitary stages in the reproductive seasonality of the flying-foxes. a comparison was made between the grey-headed flying-fox p. poliocephalus, which mates and conceives in autu ... | 2003 | 12927070 |
| evolution of specialized pyramidal neurons in primate visual and motor cortex. | the neocortex of primates contains several distinct neuron subtypes. among these, betz cells of primary motor cortex and meynert cells of primary visual cortex are of particular interest for their potential role in specialized sensorimotor adaptations of primates. betz cells are involved in setting muscle tone prior to fine motor output and meynert cells participate in the processing of visual motion. we measured the soma volumes of betz cells, meynert cells, and adjacent infragranular pyramidal ... | 2003 | 12626860 |
| a computational model for estimating the mechanics of horizontal flapping flight in bats: model description and validation. | we combine three-dimensional descriptions of the movement patterns of the shoulder, elbow, carpus, third metacarpophalangeal joint and wingtip with a constant-circulation estimation of aerodynamic force to model the wing mechanics of the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus) in level flight. once rigorously validated, this computer model can be used to study diverse aspects of flight. in the model, we partitioned the wing into a series of chordwise segments and calculated the magnitude ... | 2001 | 11683442 |
| somatotopic organization and cortical projections of the ventrobasal complex of the flying fox: an "inverted" wing representation in the thalamus. | the present study investigates the somatotopic representation in the somatosensory thalamus of a megachiropteran bat. using standard microelectrode mapping techniques, representational maps were generated for the ventrobasal (vb) and posterior (po) thalamic complexes of the grey-headed flying fox. anatomical tracing from neocortical injections provided additional data confirming the somatotopy found physiologically. a full representation of the body surface innervated by the trigeminal and spina ... | 2001 | 11327567 |
| does the visual system of the flying fox resemble that of primates? the distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the primary visual pathway of pteropus poliocephalus. | it has been proposed that flying foxes and echolocating bats evolved independently from early mammalian ancestors in such a way that flying foxes form one of the suborders most closely related to primates. a major piece of evidence offered in support of a flying fox-primate link is the highly developed visual system of flying foxes, which is theorized to be primate-like in several different ways. because the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (pv) and calbindin (cb) show distinct and consisten ... | 2000 | 10660889 |
| topographic organisation of extrastriate areas in the flying fox: implications for the evolution of mammalian visual cortex. | the organisation of extrastriate cortex was studied in anaesthetised flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus) by using multiunit recording techniques. based on the visuotopic organisation and response characteristics, the cortex immediately rostral to the second visual area (v2) was subdivided into two fields: visual area 3 (v3) laterally and the occipitoparietal area (op) medially. area v3 is a 1.0-1.5 mm wide strip of cortex that represents the entire contralateral hemifield as a mirror image of ... | 1999 | 10413783 |
| peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant greyheaded flying-foxes (pteropus poliocephalus) and little red flying-foxes (p. scapulatus). | blood was collected from breeding-season and pregnant p. poliocephalus females shot in the wild and from captive pregnant and ovariectomized p. poliocephalus and p. scapulatus females. peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay were similar to those obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy: in intact non-pregnant p. poliocephalus females without corpora lutea (cls) values ranged from 2 to 30 ng ml-1; after ovariectomy, they ranged from 1 to 85 ng ml-1. a s ... | 1995 | 8848584 |
| retinotopic organization of the primary visual cortex of flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus and pteropus scapulatus). | the representation of the visual field in the occipital cortex was studied by multiunit recordings in seven flying foxes (pteropus spp.), anesthetized with thiopentone/n2o and immobilized with pancuronium bromide. on the basis of its visuotopic organization and architecture, the primary visual area (v1) was distinguished from neighboring areas. area v1 occupies the dorsal surface of the occipital pole, as well as most of the tentorial surface of the cortex, the posterior third of the mesial surf ... | 1993 | 8408773 |
| effects of photoperiod on the reproductive physiology of male flying foxes, pteropus poliocephalus. | melatonion concentrations were determined in plasma pools obtained from adult male pteropus poliocephalus (autumn mating season) at four times of the year. melatonin levels increased within 3 h of sunset and remained elevated for the duration of the scotophase at all times of the year. two photoperiod manipulation experiments were performed to examine the role of daylength in the regulation of the timing of the breeding season of this species. in experiment 1, three adult males were transferred ... | 1992 | 1585010 |
| mating-associated peak in plasma testosterone concentration in wild male grey-headed flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus). | plasma testosterone (t) concentrations, measured in wild bats of p. poliocephalus in queensland in 1983-87, showed a peak during the mating season in march. plasma androstenedione (a) concentrations changed less dramatically with season. mean testicular concentration and total content of t and a was substantially greater in march than in regressed testes in july-october. paired adrenal glands were heavier during february to april than during september to november. in the same wild population, th ... | 1991 | 1886093 |
| seasonal changes in testicular size, plasma testosterone concentration and body weight in captive flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus and p. scapulatus). | adult male flying foxes pteropus poliocephalus and p. scapulatus were captured in south-east queensland and kept in outdoor enclosures. testicular size (ts), plasma testosterone concentrations (ptc) and body weight (bw) were measured over 1-year periods. testicular recrudescence in p. poliocephalus began before the summer solstice and ts was greatest during mid-march (autumn) and lowest from july to september. large increases in ptc were observed in all individuals approximately 1 month after th ... | 1991 | 1886092 |
| larval migration in oral and parenteral toxocara pteropodis infections and a comparison with t. canis dispersal in the flying fox, pteropus poliocephalus. | when eggs of t. pteropodis were fed in large doses to juveniles of a definitive host, pteropus poliocephalus, larvae hatched throughout the gastrointestinal tract. the majority penetrated the mucosa of the distal half of the intestine, to reach the liver via the portal circulation. a few entered the lymphatics to eventually reach the liver by passing through the lungs and migrating tracheally or continuing in the systemic circulation. patent infections did not develop. eggs inoculated subcutaneo ... | 1989 | 2635164 |
| observations on egg production by toxocara pteropodis. | studies in juvenile pteropus poliocephalus showed an average daily egg production by toxocara pteropodis of 25,000 per female, with concentrations of up to 16,000 epg. regardless of whether eggs were fertile or infertile. production commenced as early as 35 and as late as 48 days post-partum and rose to plateau average levels over about 10 days. for 23 days one bat passed infertile eggs which, over 2 days, were then replaced completely by fertile eggs. the implicit delay in maturation of a male ... | 1989 | 2777464 |
| the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa of the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus: chiroptera) exposes barbed subacrosomal material. | acrosome reactions were induced in seminal spermatozoa of the megachiropteran pteropus poliocephalus, the grey-headed flying fox, using the ionophore a23187 (10 microm in tyrodes solution with 1% w/v bsa). samples were taken at 0, 10, and 120 minutes and fixed for electron microscopy. initial motility of approximately 70% decreased to approximately 10% over 2 hours. the first motile spermatozoa without acrosomal caps were seen after 6 minutes, and by 90 minutes approximately 60% of motile sperma ... | 1988 | 3229719 |
| an ultrastructural study of megachiropteran (mammalia: chiroptera) spermatozoa: implications for chiropteran phylogeny. | the fine structure of epididymal or electro-ejaculated spermatozoa of pteropus poliocephalus, p. scapulatus, p. conspiculatus, p. alecto and syconycteris australis is described. the sperm of all species were found to be very similar. the head is extremely flattened and spatulate; the nucleus is capped by a long acrosome that comprises the proximal half of the head and covers two-thirds of the nucleus area, and a prominent sub-acrosomal space possesses a unique 'anvil'-like shape. redundant nucle ... | 1986 | 3959152 |
| observations on the transmission and development of toxocara pteropodis (ascaridoidea: nematoda) in the australian grey-headed flying-fox, pteropus poliocephalus (pteropodidae: megachiroptera). | findings in the australian grey-headed flying-fox, pteropus poliocephalus, have elucidated the life-cycle of toxocara pteropodis. in adult bats, other than parturient females, larvae were found only in the livers. following parturition, larvae were recovered only from mammary glands up to 2 weeks post-partum. developing larvae were found only in the intestine of young bats from the age of two days onwards; there was no evidence of pulmonary migration. the evidence indicates that juvenile bats co ... | 1983 | 6659654 |
| what's the risk? identifying potential human pathogens within grey-headed flying foxes faeces. | pteropus poliocephalus (grey-headed flying foxes) are recognised vectors for a range of potentially fatal human pathogens. however, to date research has primarily focused on viral disease carriage, overlooking bacterial pathogens, which also represent a significant human disease risk. the current study applied 16s rrna amplicon sequencing, community analysis and a multi-tiered database otu picking approach to identify faecal-derived zoonotic bacteria within two colonies of p. poliocephalus from ... | 2018 | 29360880 |
| hendra in the hunter valley. | in june 2019 the first equine case of hendra virus in the hunter valley, new south wales, australia was detected. an urgent human and animal health response took place, involving biosecurity measures, contact tracing, promotion of equine vaccinations and investigation of flying fox activity in the area. no human or additional animal cases occurred. equine vaccination uptake increased by over 30-fold in the surrounding region in the three months following the case. black flying fox and grey-heade ... | 2020 | 33117876 |
| environmental drivers of spatiotemporal foraging intensity in fruit bats and implications for hendra virus ecology. | in the australian subtropics, flying-foxes (family pteropididae) play a fundamental ecological role as forest pollinators. flying-foxes are also reservoirs of the fatal zoonosis, hendra virus. understanding flying fox foraging ecology, particularly in agricultural areas during winter, is critical to determine their role in transmitting hendra virus to horses and humans. we developed a spatiotemporal model of flying-fox foraging intensity based on foraging patterns of 37 grey-headed flying-foxes ... | 2018 | 29934514 |
| serological evidence of exposure to a coronavirus antigenically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (sars-cov-1) in the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus). | many infectious pathogens can be transmitted by highly mobile species, like bats that can act as reservoir hosts for viruses such as henipaviruses, lyssaviruses and coronaviruses. in this study, we investigated the seroepidemiology of protein antigens to severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (sars-cov-1) and middle eastern respiratory syndrome virus (mers-cov) in grey-headed flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus) in adelaide, australia sampled between september 2015 and february 2018. a total o ... | 2020 | 33142031 |
| seroprevalence of three paramyxoviruses; hendra virus, tioman virus, cedar virus and a rhabdovirus, australian bat lyssavirus, in a range expanding fruit bat, the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus). | habitat-mediated global change is driving shifts in species' distributions which can alter the spatial risks associated with emerging zoonotic pathogens. many emerging infectious pathogens are transmitted by highly mobile species, including bats, which can act as spill-over hosts for pathogenic viruses. over three years, we investigated the seroepidemiology of paramyxoviruses and australian bat lyssavirus in a range-expanding fruit bat, the grey-headed flying fox (pteropus poliocephalus), in a n ... | 2020 | 32374743 |
| investigation into the utility of flying foxes as bioindicators for environmental metal pollution reveals evidence of diminished lead but significant cadmium exposure. | due to their large range across diverse habitats, flying-foxes are potential bioindicator species for environmental metal exposure. to test this hypothesis, blood spots, urine, fur, liver and kidney samples were collected from grey-headed flying-foxes (pteropus poliocephalus) and black flying-foxes (p. alecto) from the sydney basin, australia. concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury and zinc and 11 other trace metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectro ... | 2020 | 32361016 |
| molecular investigation of hepatocystis parasites in the australian flying fox pteropus poliocephalus across its distribution range. | phylogenetic inference of hepatocystis, a haemosporidian parasite of diverse primate and bat hosts, revealed that the parasites from australasian pteropus bat species form a distinct clade to all other hepatocystis parasites from africa and asia. here, we investigate the phylogenetic placement of hepatocystis in the australian bat pteropus poliocephalus for the first time and examine parasite morphology and prevalence from selected points across its range. hepatocystis infections were detected i ... | 2019 | 31352147 |
| using weather radar to monitor the number, timing and directions of flying-foxes emerging from their roosts. | knowledge of species' population trends is crucial when planning for conservation and management; however, this information can be difficult to obtain for extremely mobile species such as flying-foxes (pteropus spp.; chiroptera, pteropodidae). in mainland australia, flying-foxes are of particular management concern due their involvement in human-wildlife conflict, and their role as vectors of zoonotic diseases; and two species, the grey-headed flying-fox (pteropus poliocephalus) and the spectacl ... | 2019 | 31308411 |
| collagen fiber orientation pattern, osteon morphology and distribution, and presence of laminar histology do not distinguish torsion from bending in bat and pigeon wing bones. | bone can adapt to its habitual load history at various levels of its hierarchical structural and material organization. however, it is unclear how strongly a bone's structural characteristics (e.g. cross-sectional shape) are linked to microstructural characteristics (e.g. distributions of osteons and their vascular canals) or ultrastructural characteristics [e.g. patterns of predominant collagen fiber orientation (cfo)]. we compared the cross-sectional geometry, microstructure and ultrastructure ... | 2019 | 30924933 |
| bats as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants: a survey of class 1 integrons in grey-headed flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus). | increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance in wildlife highlight the significance of a one health approach to managing resistance. we investigated the prevalence and diversity of class 1 integrons, a genetic determinant of resistance, in grey-headed flying foxes, a large fruit bat species belonging to the order chiroptera. class 1 integrons were detected in both wild flying foxes (5.3%) and captive flying foxes (41.2%) housed in wildlife rehabilitation facilities. genes encoding resistance t ... | 2019 | 30798035 |
| hematology, plasma biochemistry, and urinalysis of free-ranging grey-headed flying foxes ( pteropus poliocephalus) in australia. | the grey-headed flying fox ( pteropus poliocephalus) is a species endemic to coastal eastern australia. this study presents a comprehensive set of biochemistry, hematology, and urinalysis biomarkers from which reference values were derived. blood samples collected from free-ranging p. poliocephalus were submitted for hematology ( n = 140) and plasma biochemistry ( n = 161) and urine for urinalysis ( n = 95). the values for p. poliocephalus were broadly consistent with those values published for ... | 2018 | 30212311 |