| the primary structure of the hemoglobin of an indian flying fox (cynopterus sphinx, megachiroptera). | the hemoglobin of the indian flying fox cynopterus sphinx contains only one component. in this work, we are presenting its primary structure. the globin chains were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid and gas-phase edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides, as well as of the peptide obtained by acid hydrolysis of the asp-pro bond in the beta-chains. the alpha-chains show 14 and the beta-chains 19 exchanges compared ... | 1987 | 3620110 |
| kyasanur forest disease virus infection in the frugivorous bat, cynopterus sphinx. | | 1968 | 5711601 |
| susceptibility of cynopterus sphinx (frugivorus bat) & suncus murinus (house shrew) to japanese encephalitis virus. | | 1984 | 6327512 |
| genetic consequences of polygyny and social structure in an indian fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. i. inbreeding, outbreeding, and population subdivision. | population subdivision into behaviorally cohesive kin groups influences rates of inbreeding and genetic drift and has important implications for the evolution of social behavior. here we report the results of a study designed to test the hypothesis that harem social structure promotes inbreeding and genetic subdivision in a population with overlapping generations. genetic consequences of harem social structure were investigated in a natural population of a highly polygynous fruit bat, cynopterus ... | 2001 | 11475057 |
| genetic consequences of polygyny and social structure in an indian fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. ii. variance in male mating success and effective population size. | variance in reproductive success is a primary determinant of genetically effective population size (ne), and thus has important implications for the role of genetic drift in the evolutionary dynamics of animal taxa characterized by polygynous mating systems. here we report the results of a study designed to test the hypothesis that polygynous mating results in significantly reduced ne in an age-structured population. this hypothesis was tested in a natural population of a harem-forming fruit bat ... | 2001 | 11475058 |
| contrasting patterns of divergence in quantitative traits and neutral dna markers: analysis of clinal variation. | clinal variation in quantitative traits is often attributed to the effects of spatially varying selection. however, identical patterns can be produced by the interplay between purely stochastic processes (i.e. drift in combination with spatially restricted gene flow). one means of distinguishing between adaptive and nonadaptive causes of geographical variation is to compare relative levels of between-population divergence in quantitative traits and neutral dna markers. such comparisons can be us ... | 2002 | 12453238 |
| nipah virus in lyle's flying foxes, cambodia. | we conducted a survey in cambodia in 2000 on henipavirus infection among several bat species, including flying foxes, and persons exposed to these animals. among 1,072 bat serum samples tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibodies reactive to nipah virus (niv) antigen were detected only in pteropus lylei species; cynopterus sphinx, hipposideros larvatus, scotophilus kuhlii, chaerephon plicata, taphozous melanopogon, and t. theobaldi species were negative. seroneutralization applied on ... | 2005 | 16022778 |
| delayed embryonic development in the indian short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | the unusual feature of the breeding cycle of cynopterus sphinx at varanasi is the significant variation in gestation length of the two successive pregnancies of the year. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the prolongation of the first pregnancy in c. sphinx is due to delayed embryonic development. the first (winter) pregnancy commences in late october and lasts until late march and has a gestation period of about 150 days. the second (summer) pregnancy commences in april and lasts ... | 2005 | 16351961 |
| [an epidemiological investigation of bats carrying sars-cov in guangzhou and its vicinity]. | to detect serve acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) and sars-like-cov in fruit bats captured in guangzhou and its vicinity. | 2006 | 16864084 |
| karyotypic evolution and phylogenetic relationships in the order chiroptera as revealed by g-banding comparison and chromosome painting. | bats are a unique but enigmatic group of mammals and have a world-wide distribution. the phylogenetic relationships of extant bats are far from being resolved. here, we investigated the karyotypic relationships of representative species from four families of the order chiroptera by comparative chromosome painting and banding. a complete set of painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of myotis myotis (family vespertilionidae) were hybridized onto metaphases of cynopterus sphinx (2n = ... | 2007 | 17310301 |
| fellatio by fruit bats prolongs copulation time. | oral sex is widely used in human foreplay, but rarely documented in other animals. fellatio has been recorded in bonobos pan paniscus, but even then functions largely as play behaviour among juvenile males. the short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx exhibits resource defence polygyny and one sexually active male often roosts with groups of females in tents made from leaves. female bats often lick their mate's penis during dorsoventral copulation. the female lowers her head to lick the shaft or ... | 2009 | 19862320 |
| an ethnozoological study in the adjoining areas of mount abu wildlife sanctuary, india. | there is evidence that human beings are familiar with use of animals for food, cloth, medicine, etc. since ancient times. enormous work has been done on ethnobotany and traditional medicine. like plants, animal and their products are also possessing medicinal properties that can be exploited for the benefit of human beings. in india, many ethnic communities are dispersed all over the country and these people are still totally depended on local traditional medicinal system for their health care. ... | 2010 | 20144243 |
| contrasting genetic structure in two co-distributed species of old world fruit bat. | the fulvous fruit bat (rousettus leschenaulti) and the greater short-nosed fruit bat (cynopterus sphinx) are two abundant and widely co-distributed old world fruit bats in southeast and east asia. the former species forms large colonies in caves while the latter roots in small groups in trees. to test whether these differences in social organization and roosting ecology are associated with contrasting patterns of gene flow, we used mtdna and nuclear loci to characterize population genetic subdiv ... | 2010 | 21085717 |
| seed dispersal in hong kong, china: past, present and possible futures. | in the present article, published and unpublished information regarding seed dispersal in the degraded landscape of hong kong, china, is reviewed. information was available for 1681 native plant species, of which 1165 were assigned to probable seed dispersal modes. endozoochory accounted for one-third (34.4%) of all species evaluated, half (54.4%) of those from forests, and more than two-thirds (69.2%) of all trees and tall shrubs. wind dispersal (25.9%) and dispersal by an unknown agent (30.7%) ... | 2011 | 21645275 |
| immunohistochemical evidence of cone-based ultraviolet vision in divergent bat species and implications for its evolution. | we characterized fos-like expression patterns in the primary visual cortex (v1) by binocular flicking stimulation with uv light to investigate cone-based uv vision in four bat species representing four lineages: hipposideros armiger and scotophilus kuhlii, insectivores using constant frequency (cf) or frequency modulation (fm) echolocation, respectively, and rousettus leschenaultii and cynopterus sphinx, cave-roosting and tree-roosting fruit bats, respectively. the optic centre processing the vi ... | 2012 | 22269122 |
| detection of nipah virus rna in fruit bat (pteropus giganteus) from india. | the study deals with the survey of different bat populations (pteropus giganteus, cynopterus sphinx, and megaderma lyra) in india for highly pathogenic nipah virus (niv), reston ebola virus, and marburg virus. bats (n = 140) from two states in india (maharashtra and west bengal) were tested for igg (serum samples) against these viruses and for virus rnas. only niv rna was detected in a liver homogenate of p. giganteus captured in myanaguri, west bengal. partial sequence analysis of nucleocapsid, ... | 2012 | 22802440 |
| molecular detection and genotypic characterization of toxoplasma gondii infection in bats in four provinces of china. | toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects a wide variety of warm-blooded hosts, including humans. limited information about t. gondii infection in bats is available in china. the objective of the present study was to determine prevalence and genetic characterization of t. gondii infection in bats in jilin, liaoning, jiangxi and guangdong provinces, china. | 2014 | 25465220 |
| prevalence and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii infection in bats in southern china. | toxoplasma gondii can infect a wide variety of warm-blooded animals, including bats. limited information on t. gondii infection in bats is available in china. the objective of the present study was to determine prevalence and genetic diversity of t. gondii infection in bats in southern china. a total of 608 bats representing 12 species, including 120 aselliscus stoliczkanus, 59 myotis chinensis, 11 miniopterus schreibersii, 53 rhinolophus affinis, 32 rhinolophus pusillus, 81 hipposideros armiger ... | 2014 | 24813744 |
| serological evidence of toxoplasma gondii infection in five species of bats in china. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals and humans with a worldwide distribution. bats are reservoirs for an increasing number of emerging zoonotic viruses, such as henipaviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). however, little is known of t. gondii infection in bats. the objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in bats in china. a total of 217 s ... | 2013 | 23473226 |
| molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of bat and human adenoviruses in southern china. | several novel adenoviruses (advs) have recently been identified in humans and other animal species. in this study, we report the molecular detection of and phylogenetically characterize bat and human advs detected in fecal or rectal swab samples collected in southern china. to detect advs, a 252-261 bp fragment of the dna polymerase (dpol) gene was amplified using nested pcr. a total of 520 rectal swab samples were collected from eight bat species in four geographic regions of southern china (gu ... | 2016 | 27057618 |
| genome-wide data reveal cryptic diversity and genetic introgression in an oriental cynopterine fruit bat radiation. | the oriental fruit bat genus cynopterus, with several geographically overlapping species, presents an interesting case study to evaluate the evolutionary significance of coexistence versus isolation. we examined the morphological and genetic variability of congeneric fruit bats cynopterus sphinx and c. brachyotis using 405 samples from two natural contact zones and 17 allopatric locations in the indian subcontinent; and investigated the population differentiation patterns, evolutionary history, ... | 2016 | 26892684 |
| structure of distress call: implication for specificity and activation of dopaminergic system. | we conducted a set of playback experiments aimed at understanding whether distress-call structure in the greater short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx is specific in encoding information relating to stress that attracts conspecifics. we tested the specificity by playing their distress call and its modified version at a foraging site for free-ranging bats, as well as under captive conditions involving either a small group or individuals. in a separate playback experiment, bats showed a signific ... | 2016 | 26610332 |
| diversity of coronavirus in bats from eastern thailand. | bats are reservoirs for a diverse range of coronaviruses (covs), including those closely related to human pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) cov and middle east respiratory syndrome cov. there are approximately 139 bat species reported to date in thailand, of which two are endemic species. due to the zoonotic potential of covs, standardized surveillance efforts to characterize viral diversity in wildlife are imperative. | 2015 | 25884446 |
| males and females gain differentially from sociality in a promiscuous fruit bat cynopterus sphinx. | sociality emerges when the benefits of group living outweigh its costs. while both males and females are capable of strong social ties, the evolutionary drivers for sociality and the benefits accrued maybe different for each sex. in this study, we investigate the differential reproductive success benefits of group membership that males and females might obtain in the promiscuous fruit bat cynopterus sphinx. individuals of this species live in flexible social groups called colonies. these colonie ... | 2015 | 25794185 |
| activity-dependent expression of mir-132 regulates immediate-early gene induction during olfactory learning in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | the activity-dependent expression of immediate-early genes (iegs) and microrna (mir)-132 has been implicated in synaptic plasticity and the formation of long-term memory (ltm). in the present study, we show that olfactory training induces the expression of iegs (egr-1, c-fos, c-jun) and mir-132 at similar time scale in olfactory bulb (ob) of cynopterus sphinx. we examined the role of mir-132 in the ob using antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (as-odn) and demonstrated that a local infusion of as-odn ... | 2015 | 25725166 |
| feeding behaviour of cynopterus sphinx (pteropodidae) under captive conditions. | we examined the olfactory and visual abilities of megachiropteran bats, cynopterus sphinx, for discrimination of the odour and shape of the banana fruit, musa sp. we conducted the experiments in captive conditions by offering a selection of ripe bananas, blended bananas and artificial bananas. the behaviour of the bats was observed visually, and the percentage of activity and rest, duration of the first foraging bout, number of feeding attempts and the average duration of successful attempts was ... | 2014 | 27073599 |
| role of adiponectin in delayed embryonic development of the short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of adiponectin in the delayed embryonic development of cynopterus sphinx. adiponectin receptor (adipor1) abundance was first observed to be lower during the delayed versus non-delayed periods of utero-embryonic unit development. the effects of adiponectin treatment on embryonic development were then evaluated during the period of delayed development. exogenous treatment increased the in vivo rate of embryonic development, as indicated by an increase ... | 2014 | 25295970 |
| modulation of ovarian steroidogenesis by adiponectin during delayed embryonic development of cynopterus sphinx. | the aim of present study was to evaluate role of adiponectin in ovarian steroidogenesis during delayed embryonic development of cynopterus sphinx. this study showed significantly low circulating adiponectin level and a decline in expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (adipor1) in the ovary during the period of delayed embryonic development as compared with the normal development. the adiponectin treatment in vivo during the period of delayed development caused significantly increased in circulati ... | 2014 | 24787661 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of cynopterus sphinx (pteropodidae: cynopterus). | we have characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of cynopterus sphinx (pteropodidae: cynopterus) and described its organization in this study. the total length of c. sphinx complete mitochondrial genome was 16,895 bp with the base composition of 32.54% a, 14.05% g, 25.82% t and 27.59% c. the complete mitochondrial genome included 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes (12s rrna and 16s rrna) and 1 control region (d-loop). the control region was 1435 bp long with the sequence ... | 2015 | 24409875 |
| comparative inner ear transcriptome analysis between the rickett's big-footed bats (myotis ricketti) and the greater short-nosed fruit bats (cynopterus sphinx). | bats have aroused great interests of researchers for the sake of their advanced echolocation system. however, this highly specialized trait is not characteristic of old world fruit bats. | 2013 | 24365273 |
| role of olfaction in the foraging behavior and trial-and-error learning in short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | we observed the foraging behavior of short-nosed fruit bats, cynopterus sphinx, in captivity. the role of olfaction in their foraging behavior was examined using real fruit, mimetic fruit, and mimetic fruit soaked in the juice of real fruit. the results showed that c. sphinx visited the real fruit more often than the mimetic fruit, but they had no preference between real fruit and treated mimetic fruit. our experiment indicates that this bat has the ability to find and identify fruit by olfactio ... | 2014 | 24192315 |
| distress calls of the greater short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis in conspecifics. | in a stressful situation, greater short-nosed fruit bats (cynopterus sphinx) emit audible vocalization either to warn or to inform conspecifics. we examined the effect of distress calls on bats emitting the call as well as the bats receiving the distress signal through analysis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and catacholaminargic systems. we measured the levels of neurotransmitters [serotonin (5-ht), dopamine (da), norepinephrine (ne)] and stress hormones [(adrenocorticotropic hormon ... | 2013 | 23832467 |
| cunnilingus apparently increases duration of copulation in the indian flying fox, pteropus giganteus. | we observed a total of 57 incidences of copulation in a colony of the indian flying fox, pteropus giganteus, over 13 months under natural conditions. the colony consisted of about 420 individuals, roosting in a ficus religiosa tree. copulations occurred between 07.00 h and 09.30 h from july to january, with more occurring in october and november. initially males groomed their penis before approaching a nearby female. females typically moved away and males followed. when the female stopped moving ... | 2013 | 23544092 |
| egr-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide administration into the olfactory bulb impairs olfactory learning in the greater short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx. | postsynaptic densities (psds) contain proteins that regulate synaptic transmission. we examined two important examples of these, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii (camkii) and psd-95, in regard to the functional role of early growth response gene-1 (egr-1) in regulation of olfactory learning in the greater short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx (family pteropodidae). to test whether activation of egr-1 in the olfactory bulb (ob) is required for olfactory memory of these bats, bilat ... | 2012 | 22796292 |
| promiscuous mating in the harem-roosting fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | observations on mating behaviours and strategies guide our understanding of mating systems and variance in reproductive success. however, the presence of cryptic strategies often results in situations where social mating system is not reflective of genetic mating system. we present such a study of the genetic mating system of a harem-forming bat cynopterus sphinx where harems may not be true indicators of male reproductive success. this temporal study using data from six seasons on paternity rev ... | 2012 | 22725709 |
| altered glucose transport to utero-embryonic unit in relation to delayed embryonic development in the indian short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | the aim of this study was to compare the changes in concentration of glucose and glucose transporters (gluts) in the utero-embryonic unit, consisting of decidua, trophoblast and embryo, during delayed and non-delayed periods to understand the possible cause of delayed embryonic development in cynopterus sphinx. the results showed a significantly decreased concentration of glucose in the utero-embryonic unit due to decline in the expression of insulin receptor (ir) and glut 3, 4 and 8 proteins in ... | 2011 | 21134414 |
| interlaminar differences in the pyramidal cell phenotype in parietal cortex of an indian bat, cynopterus sphinx. | to study interlaminar phenotypic variations in the pyramidal neurons of parietal isocortex in bat (cynopterus sphinx), golgi and nissl methods have been employed. the parietal isocortex is relatively thin in the bat as compared to prototheria with layer iii, v and vi accounting for more than two—thirds of total cortical thickness. thick cell free layer i and thinnest accentuated layer ii are quite in connotation with other chiropterids. poor demarcation of layer iii/iv in the present study is al ... | 2010 | 21062575 |
| regulation of leptin synthesis in white adipose tissue of the female fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx: role of melatonin with or without insulin. | factors regulating leptin synthesis during adipogenesis in wild species are not well known. studies in the female cynopterus sphinx bat have shown that it undergoes seasonal changes in its fat deposition and serum leptin and melatonin levels. the aim of the present study was to investigate the hormonal regulation of leptin synthesis by the white adipose tissue during the period of fat deposition in female c. sphinx. this study showed a significant correlation between the seasonal changes in seru ... | 2011 | 20971799 |
| role of olfactory bulb serotonin in olfactory learning in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx (chiroptera: pteropodidae). | the role of olfactory bulb (ob) serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)] in olfactory learning and memory was tested in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx (family pteropodidae). graded concentrations (25, 40, and 60microg) of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-dht) or saline were injected into the ob of bats one day before training to the novel odor. in a behavioral test, 5,7-dht (60microg) injected bats made significantly fewer feeding attempts and bouts when compared to saline-inject ... | 2010 | 20599808 |
| influence of landmarks on spatial memory in short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | in order to study the relationship between landmarks and spatial memory in short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx (megachiroptera, pteropodidae), we simulated a foraging environment in the laboratory. different landmarks were placed to gauge the spatial memory of c. sphinx. we changed the number of landmarks every day with 0 landmarks again on the fifth day (from 0, 2, 4, 8 to 0). individuals from the control group were exposed to the identical artificial foraging environment, but without land ... | 2010 | 20545006 |
| role of leptin in delayed embryonic development in the indian short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | an adiposity-associated rise in leptin occurs at the time of delayed embryonic development in cynopterus sphinx. the aim of present study was to examine the mechanism by which leptin may inhibit progesterone, and therefore could be responsible for delayed development. the study showed a significant increase in circulating leptin level during the period of increased fat accumulation, which coincided with significant decrease in serum progesterone level and delayed embryonic development in c. sphi ... | 2010 | 20399211 |
| distress call-induced gene expression in the brain of the indian short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | individuals in distress emit audible vocalizations to either warn or inform conspecifics. the indian short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx, emits distress calls soon after becoming entangled in mist nets, which appear to attract conspecifics. phase i of these distress calls is longer and louder, and includes a secondary peak, compared to phase ii. activity-dependent expression of egr-1 was examined in free-ranging c. sphinx following the emissions and responses to a distress call. we found th ... | 2010 | 20063102 |
| characterization of the sleep architecture in two species of fruit bat. | bats (chiroptera) are the second-most abundant mammalian order in the world, occupying a diverse range of habitats and exhibiting many different life history traits. in order to contribute to this highly underrepresented group we describe the sleep architecture of two species of frugivorous bat, the greater short-nosed fruit bat (cynopterus sphinx) and the lesser dawn fruit bat (eonycteris spelaea). electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg) data were recorded from multiple individuals ... | 2010 | 20043956 |
| melatonin regulates delayed embryonic development in the short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the seasonal variation in serum melatonin levels and their relationship to the changes in the serum progesterone level, ovarian steroidogenesis, and embryonic development during two successive pregnancies of cynopterus sphinx. circulating melatonin concentrations showed two peaks; one coincided with the period of low progesterone synthesis and delayed embryonic development, whereas the second peak coincided with regressing corpus luteum. this finding ... | 2009 | 19690096 |
| luteal cell steroidogenesis in relation to delayed embryonic development in the indian short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | the primary aim of this study was to determine the possible cause of slow or delayed embryonic development in cynopterus sphinx by investigating morphological and steroidogenic changes in the corpus luteum (cl) and circulating hormone concentrations during two pregnancies of a year. this species showed delayed post-implantational embryonic development during gastrulation of the first pregnancy. morphological features of the cl showed normal luteinization during both pregnancies. the cl did not c ... | 2009 | 19186043 |
| relationship between delayed embryonic development and metabolic factors and fat deposition in fruit bat cynopterus sphinx. | the present study was undertaken in the fruit bat cynopterus sphinx, which breeds twice in quick succession at varanasi, india. its gestation period varies significantly in the two successive pregnancies of the year owing to delayed embryonic development during the first (winter) pregnancy. the primary aim of the present study was to determine the role of metabolic factors in delayed embryonic development in the fruit bat c. sphinx. variation in bodyweight, fat deposition, oxygen (o(2)) consumpt ... | 2007 | 17601410 |
| wing morphology and flight development in the short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx. | postnatal changes in wing morphology, flight development and aerodynamics were studied in captive free-flying short-nosed fruit bats, cynopterus sphinx. pups were reluctant to move until 25 days of age and started fluttering at the mean age of 40 days. the wingspan and wing area increased linearly until 45 days of age by which time the young bats exhibited clumsy flight with gentle turns. at birth, c. sphinx had less-developed handwings compared to armwings; however, the handwing developed faste ... | 2007 | 17434300 |
| annual reproductive synchronization in ovary and pineal gland function of female short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | we studied the annual correlation of ovarian activity and pineal gland in relation with seasonal variation and gestation of a tropical zone short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx. female bats showed bimodal polyestry (february/march and september/october) in their reproductive cycle. plasma estradiol concentration ran parallel with ovarian activity and had an inverse relation with pineal mass and peripheral melatonin concentration. due to the delayed embryonic development in the uterus (october ... | 2006 | 16730204 |
| roosting patterns in a captive colony of short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx (vahl). | development of roosting patterns under a limited resource was studied in the short-nosed fruit bat c. sphinx in captivity. spatial fidelity during the resting period (day time) and the individual male bat's presence/absence in the roost (occupancy index) were estimated during the active period (night time). results show the presence of three groups on the basis of spatial fidelity. the first group was associated with the tent consisting of a harem male and seven females. the second group stayed ... | 2002 | 12693703 |
| testing for genetic evidence of population expansion and contraction: an empirical analysis of microsatellite dna variation using a hierarchical bayesian model. | the role of past climatic change in shaping the distributions of tropical rain forest vertebrates is central to long-standing hypotheses about the legacy of the quaternary ice ages. one approach to testing such hypotheses is to use genetic data to infer the demographic history of codistributed species. population genetic theory that relates the structure of allelic genealogies to historical changes in effective population size can be used to detect a past history of demographic expansion or cont ... | 2002 | 11913661 |
| pineal organ-like organization of the retina in megachiroptean bats. | phylogenetically originated from photoreceptive structures, the pineal organ adapts the organism to circadian and circannual light periodicity of the environment, while the retina develops to a light-based locator. bats have a nocturnal life and an echolocator orientation presumably modifying the task of photoreception. looking for morphological basis of the special functions, in the present work we compared the fine structure and immunocytochemistry of the retina and pineal organ in micro- and ... | 2001 | 11396836 |
| relative role of olfactory cues and certain non-olfactory factors in foraging of fruit-eating bats. | the proportion of captivated indian short-nosed fruit bats, cynopterus sphinx, approaching fruits within a specified duration and the fruit-approaching latency were recorded under various test conditions (involving variations in the olfactory and certain aspects of the physical environment, and the time of food presentation). while alterations in the majority of physical features in the immediate environment of bats failed to affect either of the foraging parameters studied, one or both of them ... | 1998 | 24896727 |
| possible role of cell death during embryonic development in the fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx vahl. | cynopterus sphinx breeds twice annually in quick succession at varanasi. the first pregnancy lasts for about 150 days and the second for 121 days. data suggest that in c. sphinx retarded development of embryo during late november to early january accounts for the longer duration of gestation in the first pregnancy. most interestingly noticed in the present dead cells within the inner cell mass during the period of retarded embryonic development. cell death appears to cause the formation of the a ... | 2005 | 2149426 |
| comparative studies of m4-purified lactate dehydrogenase (ld) from the liver of scotophilus heathi and cynopterus sphinx (micro- and mega- chiropteran bats). | | 1987 | 3607829 |
| morphology of the accessory reproductive glands of some male indian chiropterans. | the accessory glands of seven species of male chiropterans are described. the unpaired prostate and paired cowper's glands occur in all the species. the seminal vesicles are present only in cynopterus and taphozous. the ampullary glands occur in all the species except cynopterus sphinx. the presence of solid rounded bodies is a characteristic feature of the seminal vesicles of cynopterus sphinx. the urethral gland is present in all the species except taphozous and rhinopoma; utriculus prostaticu ... | 1977 | 900515 |
| observations on the reproductive cycle of cynopterus sphinx sphinx vahl, 1797 (chiroptera: pteropidae). | | 1974 | 4819592 |
| post-partum oestrus in the indian short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx sphinx (vahl.). | | 1947 | 20254420 |
| kisspeptin regulates ovarian steroidogenesis during delayed embryonic development in the fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | cynopterus sphinx, a fruit bat, undergoes delayed embryonic development during the winter months, a period that corresponds to low levels of progesterone and estradiol synthesis by the ovary. kisspeptins (kps) are a group of neuropeptide hormones that act via g-protein coupled receptor 54 (gpr54) to stimulate hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thereby regulating ovarian steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and ovulation. gpr54 is also expressed in the ovary, suggesting a dir ... | 2017 | 28804932 |
| prolactin modulates luteal activity in the short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx during delayed embryonic development. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of prolactin as a modulator of luteal steroidogenesis during the period of delayed embryonic development in cynopterus sphinx. a marked decline in circulating prolactin levels was noted during the months of november through december coinciding with the period of decreased serum progesterone and delayed embryonic development. the seasonal changes in serum prolactin levels correlated positively with circulating progesterone (p) level, but inversely wi ... | 2017 | 28412388 |
| coronaviruses in guano from pteropus medius bats in peradeniya, sri lanka. | bats are a unique group of mammals well suited to be hosts for emerging viruses. with current rates of deforestation and urbanization, redistribution of bat habitats to urban and suburban areas may bring bats into closer contact with livestock and humans. common flying fox, pteropus medius (previously known as pteropus giganteus), forms large communal roosts on treetops, often in close proximity to human habitation in sri lanka. this report describes the detection of coronavirus rna in p. medius ... | 2018 | 29498228 |
| role of putrescine in ovary and embryo development in fruit bat cynopterus sphinx during embryonic diapause. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of putrescine on ovarian activity and the rate of embryonic development in cynopterus sphinx during delayed development. the result showed the presence of a rate-limiting enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase-1, in both ovary and utero-embryonic unit of c. sphinx suggests a synthesis of putrescine in these sites. the corpus luteum showed increased, whereas utero-embryonic unit showed decreased production of putrescine during delayed development as compa ... | 2019 | 31579974 |
| identification of diverse bat alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in china provides new insights into the evolution and origin of coronavirus-related diseases. | outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2002, middle east respiratory syndrome in 2012 and fatal swine acute diarrhea syndrome in 2017 caused serious infectious diseases in humans and in livestock, resulting in serious public health threats and huge economic losses. all such coronaviruses (covs) were confirmed to originate from bats. to continuously monitor the epidemic-related covs in bats, virome analysis was used to classify covs from 831 bats of 15 species in yunnan, guangxi ... | 2019 | 31474969 |
| mir-132 regulated olfactory bulb proteins linked to olfactory learning in greater short-nosed fruit bat cynopterus sphinx. | earlier, we showed that micro rna-132 (mir-132) regulate the immediate early genes (iegs) in the olfactory bulb (ob) of fruit bat cynopterus sphinx during olfactory learning. this study was designed to examine whether the mir-132 regulate other proteins in ob during olfactory learning. to test this, mir-132 anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide (as-odn) was delivered to the ob and then trained to novel odor. the 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis showed that inhibition of mir-132 altered olfac ... | 2018 | 29859284 |
| odour discrimination learning in the indian greater short-nosed fruit bat (cynopterus sphinx): differential expression of egr-1, c-fos and pp-1 in the olfactory bulb, amygdala and hippocampus. | activity-dependent expression of immediate-early genes (iegs) is induced by exposure to odour. the present study was designed to investigate whether there is differential expression of iegs (egr-1, c-fos) in the brain region mediating olfactory memory in the indian greater short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx we assumed that differential expression of iegs in different brain regions may orchestrate a preference odour (po) and aversive odour (ao) memory in c. sphinx we used preferred (0.8% w/ ... | 2018 | 29674380 |
| social structure of the harem-forming promiscuous fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx, is the harem truly important? | bats are social animals and display a diverse variety of mating and social systems, with most species exhibiting some form of polygyny. their social organization is fluid and individuals frequently switch partners and roosting sites. while harem-like social organization is observed in multiple tropical species, its importance is contested in many of them. in this study, we investigated the role of harems in the social organization of the old world fruit bat cynopterus sphinx. based on regular be ... | 2018 | 29515899 |
| adiposity associated changes in serum glucose and adiponectin levels modulate ovarian steroidogenesis during delayed embryonic development in the fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanism by which embryonic development in cynopterus sphinx is impaired during the period of increased accumulation of white adipose tissue during winter scarcity of food. the change in the mass of white adipose tissue during adipogenesis showed significant positive correlation with the circulating glucose level. but increase in circulating glucose level during the adipogenesis showed negative correlation with circulating progesterone and adipon ... | 2018 | 29474936 |
| flight is the key to postprandial blood glucose balance in the fruit bats eonycteris spelaea and cynopterus sphinx. | excessive sugar consumption could lead to high blood glucose levels that are harmful to mammalian health and life. despite consuming large amounts of sugar-rich food, fruit bats have a longer lifespan, raising the question of how these bats overcome potential hyperglycemia. we investigated the change of blood glucose level in nectar-feeding bats (eonycteris spelaea) and fruit-eating bats (cynopterus sphinx) via adjusting their sugar intake and time of flight. we found that the maximum blood gluc ... | 2017 | 29152179 |