| [trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei infection contracted from a hedgehog]. | occasionally the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) is infected by trichophyton mentagrophytes (robin) blanchard var. erinacei. this zoophilic dermatophyte may cause a difficult human phlegmatic trichophytia infection. the thread-fungus grows on the usual culture-medium with a clear-white surface without radius-folding. the lower surface of the culture shows a typical brillant-yellow colour. microscopically the fungus presents abundant microconidia formation and a few distinct macroconidia. cross-br ... | 1979 | 155666 |
| comparative studies on the temperature dependence of lactic and malic dehydrogenase from a homeotherm, guinea pig (cavia porcellus); two hibernators, hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and bat (nyctalus noctula); and two poikilotherms, frog (rana temporaria) and cod (gadus callarias). | | 1975 | 1079762 |
| relation of the insular claustrum to the neocortex in insectivora. | the claustra of 9 species of insectivora (sorex araneus, sorex minutus, tenrec ecaudatus, solenodon paradoxus, neomys fodiens, erinaceus europaeus, talpa europaea, desmana moschata, potamogale velox) were investigated. in all examined animals we found two parts of the insular claustrum: the main part called by us the pars principalis and more medially situated lamina profunda claustri. in the "basal" insectivora the main part is in close contact with the layer via of the neocortex. in some more ... | 1990 | 1707077 |
| nucleus limitans thalami--comparative anatomical study. | cyto- and myeloarchitectonics as well as acetylcholinesterase activity of the nucleus limitans thalami--an important part of the nociceptive system--were studied in insectivora (sorex araneus, erinaceus europaeus, talpa europaeus), rat, rabbit, cat, monkey and man. our results suggest that nucleus limitans is phylogenetically a rather new structure. in insectivora and in the rat we could not find any evident group of neurons resembling nucleus limitans. in the rabbit and cat nucleus limitans is ... | 1989 | 2511740 |
| [preliminary observation on experimental infection with mycobacterium leprae in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus linne')]. | | 1985 | 2938761 |
| histochemical enzyme profile of the masseter, temporal and lateral pterygoid muscles of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europeaus). | in man, there are large differences in histochemical fibre-type composition, distribution and size between jaw and trunk muscles, probably related to the special functions of the human stomatognathic system. in the hedgehog, the influence of alkaline and acid pre-incubations on the reaction for myofibrillar atpase was different from that in man, suggesting a different myosin structure; the fibre composition was different also. the masseter, the superficial portion of the temporal and the lateral ... | 1986 | 2939817 |
| isolation of tbe virus from the tick ixodes hexagonus. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus was isolated from a sample of ixodes hexagonus ticks collected from the hair of the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) which had been captured on the edge of a new housing estate in ceské budĕjovice at the end of september 1986. this was the first isolation of tbe virus from this vector, supporting the previous experimental results. the virus was identified in immunofluorescent and plaquereduction neutralization tests. | 1988 | 3058559 |
| evidence for the presence of alpha 1b-glycoprotein in mammalian sera: immunoblotting studies. | 1. a monospecific antiserum to pig alpha 1b-glycoprotein (po2) was produced in rabbits and was used to search for homologues of alpha 1b in sera of 41 mammalian species belonging to seven orders. 2. specific reactions were detected in the sera of representatives of insectivora, primates, carnivora, proboscidea, perissodactyla and artiodactyla. no cross-reactions were observed in the sera of two species of rodentia (mouse, rat). 3. cross-reactions in the sera of erinaceus europaeus, homo sapiens ... | 1988 | 3224514 |
| lipoprotein[a] is the major apob-containing lipoprotein in the plasma of a hibernator, the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | we have undertaken studies aimed at elucidating the interrelationships existing between the seasonal modifications in endocrine status (already demonstrated by saboureau, m., and j. boissin. 1978. c.r. acad. sci. (paris) 286d: 1479-1482) and plasma lipoprotein metabolism in the male hedgehog. during the course of these studies, we discovered that a lipoprotein comparable to human lp[a] was a prominent component of the plasma lipoprotein spectrum in the hedgehog. this lipoprotein was present in t ... | 1988 | 2972788 |
| occurrence of the lungworms capillaria and crenosoma spp. in british hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus). | fifty-three dead hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) were investigated histologically for evidence of lungworm infestation. the faeces of forty-two were examined microscopically for nematode eggs. thirty-five animals showed parasitic lesions--fourteen crenosoma only, five capillaria only and sixteen both. infestations were characterized by inflammatory changes in the trachea and lung and the presence of worms in other organs. there was some correlation between the finding of parasites in histologica ... | 1989 | 2918108 |
| [comparative characteristics of the sleep-wakefulness cycle of hibernating and non-hibernating mammals]. | wakefulness-sleep cycles compared in rats and european hedgehogs revealed differences in quantitative representation of phases in hibernating and non-hibernating mammals. the data obtained suggest a higher level of the wakefulness-sleep cycle organization in rats as compared with european hedgehogs. | 1987 | 3622822 |
| further studies of plasma protease inhibitors in the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus; collagenase, papain and plasmin inhibitors. | hedgehog plasma was separated by gel filtration on sephacryl s-200, the fractions resolved by electrophoresis and the electrophoretograms characterized for collagenase, papain and plasmin inhibiting activities with the high mol. wt substrate casein. the three inhibitors previously identified as alpha 2-, alpha 2-beta- and beta-macroglobulins were found to inhibit all three proteases. these were the only collagenase inhibitors found in plasma. hedgehog alpha 2-chymotrypsin inhibitor and beta-prot ... | 1987 | 2881640 |
| an allometric study of hippocampal components. a comparative study of the brains of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), the tree shrew (tupaia glis), and the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | brains of western european hedgehogs, common tree shrews and common marmosets were perfused and stained according to timm's method. the volumes of hippocampal components were determined with semiautomated quantitative techniques and compared by allometric methods. the results support previous findings that the size of the hippocampus in marmosets and tree shrews is about twice that of the hippocampus of the european hedgehogs of the same body weight. three hippocampal substructures account for m ... | 1985 | 3939608 |
| somatostatinlike immunoreactive neurons in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and the sheep (ovis aries) central nervous system. | the morphology and distribution of somatostatinlike immunoreactive perikarya in the central nervous system of the hedgehog and sheep have been studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. intracerebroventricular colchicine infusion not only enhanced the immunostaining but also revealed new immunoreactive cell bodies. in both hedgehog and sheep immunoreactive neurons of various forms, ranging from 12 to 28 microns in diameter, were observed in a number of homologo ... | 1986 | 2869070 |
| [effects of reserpine on heart rate and thermoregulation in the active and normothermic hedge hog (erinaceus europaeus l.) and in the hibernating hedge hog]. | | 1973 | 4206005 |
| circannual changes in blood coagulation factors and the effect of warfarin on the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. | levels of blood coagulation factors were measured monthly in hedgehogs kept at 20 degrees c under a natural-light schedule for 1 yr using prothrombin time and the p & p method. hedgehogs display a circannual cycle of blood coagulation factors in the absence of temperature cues, with high levels corresponding to the active period and low levels corresponding to the hibernation period. ten hedgehogs and ten guinea pigs were treated with clinical doses of warfarin and blood coagulation factors meas ... | 1985 | 2858289 |
| [research on reservoirs of toxoplasma gondii: studies with the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus, var. italicus, barrett-hamilton 1900]. | | 1972 | 4647716 |
| daily and seasonal variations in plasma lh and testosterone concentrations in the adult male hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | a double-antibody heterologous radioimmunoassay (ria) was developed to measure plasma lh values in hedgehogs. this ria system used anti-rat lh serum and rabbit lh (afp-559b) for radioiodination and as standard. the accuracy of the method was evaluated and indicated the ability to detect various relative concentrations of lh in plasma. the minimum detectable dose was 0.2 ng/ml. the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.2 and 7.9% respectively. biological tests, e.g. effect of ca ... | 1989 | 2754635 |
| ultrastructural characteristics of the thyroid c cells in the summer, autumn and winter states of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.), with some reference to other mammalian species. | | 1968 | 4894091 |
| iga and other immunoglobulins from the european hedgehog. | | 1971 | 4997112 |
| neuropeptide y-like immunoreactive neurons in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and the sheep (ovis aries) brain. | the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method has been used in order to investigate the distribution of neurons immunoreactive with antiserum against neuropeptide y in the hedgehog and the sheep brain. neuropeptide y-immunoreactive bipolar and multipolar neurons, with a diameter ranging from 10-30 microns, were found in the following regions: cerebral cortex, striatum, ammon's horn, gyrus dentatus, amygdala, anterior olfactory nucleus, nucleus accumbens, area along the medial forebrai ... | 1989 | 2745971 |
| a strain of mycoplasma from the short-eared european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | | 1971 | 5558546 |
| [cardiac electrogenesis in a hibernating mammal: the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus l]. | | 1967 | 5609102 |
| [study of some strains of leptospira isolated from hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus l.) in belgium]. | | 1966 | 5908540 |
| serological investigations of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in styria. 2. report. | from 1975 to 1982 investigations of 64 hedgehogs for anthropozoonoses and infectious diseases were carried out in all regions of styria, austria. the serological investigations revealed positive results against rickettsiosis, (q-fever and rmsf-groups antigen), (ornithosis, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, against adenoviruses and herpesvirus). other studies by nosek et al. (1967); troger et al. (1976); kaaserer et al. (1976) and stunzner et al. (1976) report on the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) as i ... | 1989 | 2744467 |
| identification and characterization of trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase inhibitors in the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, and their immunological relationships to those of other mammals (rat, pig and human). | hedgehog plasma was separated by gel filtration on sephacryl s-200, the fractions resolved by electrophoresis and the electrophoregrams characterized for trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase inhibiting activities with both low and high molecular weight substrates. approximate molecular weights were also determined. at least ten protease inhibitors were characterized in hedgehog plasma including three macroglobulins. the hedgehog protease inhibitors were identified by immunoelectrophoresis. four pr ... | 1985 | 2417778 |
| entorhinal and prepiriform cortices of the european hedgehog. a histochemical and densitometric study based on a comparison between timm's sulphide silver method and the selenium method. | the timm and selenium staining techniques, based on silver amplification of endogenous zinc, produce an electron-dense precipitate in boutons. the staining characteristics of the two methods were compared by examining two allocortical regions, prepiriform cortex and entorhinal cortex, in the brain of the european hedgehog. in the 3 layers of prepiriform cortex and the 6 layers of entorhinal cortex the methods revealed sublayers, which allows a precise delimitation of areas 28m, 28l, a short tran ... | 1985 | 2415220 |
| comparison of brain structure volumes in insectivora and primates. v. area striata (as). | volumes of the area striata (area 17, brodmann) were measured in 44 species of primates and scandentia and some of its laminar components in 25 species. the relative size (expressed by size indices) is on the average distinctly larger in simians than in isoponderous prosimians. the average dimensions of increase are 2.5 times for total area striata (asv), 3.4 times for white matter (asw), 2.35 times for grey matter (asg), 1.9 times for lamina 1 (asg 1) and 2.4 times for laminae 2-6 (asg 2-6). th ... | 1984 | 6501869 |
| demonstration of a phospholipase a2 inhibitor in human plasma and in plasma from the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | 1. endogenous phospholipase a2 (pla2) inhibitors in human plasma and in plasma from the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) were demonstrated. 2. the pla2 activity increased 45-fold in human plasma when a pla2 binding factor was removed. furthermore, two peaks of pla2 inhibitory activity were found after deae-chromatography. 3. high levels of pla2 inhibitory activity was found in plasma from the european hedgehog, e. europaeus. 4. the molecular weight was estimated to 140,000. 5. on deae-chromatograp ... | 1991 | 2044836 |
| zoonoses and other findings in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus): a survey of mortality and review of the literature. | a survey of mortality in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) was carried out between july 1976 and november 1986. most were from norfolk. of the 74 examined, 35 (47.3 per cent) were road casualties, one of which yielded salmonella typhimurium phage type (pt) 104. of the remaining 39, 13 (33.3 per cent) had salmonellosis due to s enteritidis pt 11. this organism, which appears to be common and widespread in hedgehogs in england was found in 10 separate incidents. the only other zoonosis was ringworm ... | 1991 | 2035215 |
| systemic mycobacterium marinum infection in a european hedgehog. | | 1983 | 6643246 |
| herpesvirus in the liver of a hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | | 1990 | 1965239 |
| lung and hearth nematodes in some spanish mammals. | thirteen host species belonging to the orders rodentia, insectivora and carnivora from various localities in galicia (nw spain) were examined for heart and lung parasites. the following species were found: parastrongylus dujardini (5.5%) in apodemus sylvaticus, crenosoma striatum in erinaceus europaeus (83%), angiostrongylus vasorum, crenosoma vulpis and eucoleus aerophilus in vulpes vulpes (3, 3.46 and 0.50%, respectively), crenosoma taiga in putorius putorius (100%) and crenosoma sp. in meles ... | 1991 | 1844789 |
| [scabies among the zoo mammals]. | scabies was observed in 9 species of mammals at the zoological garden of lódź in years 1957-1989. sarcoptes scabiei spp. was found in capybaras, tapirs and camelids. notoedres cati was recorded from the siberian tiger, but notoedres sp. from the erinaceus europaeus. scabies was also found in a wild dead tapla europaea at the zoo area. | 1991 | 1823472 |
| natural anti-snake venom proteins. | the resistance of several animals to snake venom has been reviewed. some general concepts are introduced to allow the comparative evaluation of the resistance of different animals studied by different investigators. the purification and properties of several factors isolated from the serum of different animals by some researchers are described: trimeresurus flavoviridis (omori-satoh et al., 1972); vipera palaestinae (ovadia et al., 1975, 1977); sigmodon hispidus (pichyangkul and perez, 1981); di ... | 1991 | 1801313 |
| neuroglial arrangements in the olfactory glomeruli of the hedgehog. | the olfactory glomeruli represent morphological and functional units in which olfactory information is processed in specialized synaptic arrangements established between the central processes of sensory neurons, whose cell bodies are located in the olfactory epithelium, and the terminal (intraglomerular) portions of the dendrites of periglomerular, tufted, and mitral cells. the olfactory glomeruli are surrounded by distinctive glial formations in which the peripheral glia interacts with the cent ... | 1991 | 1714466 |
| the immunocytochemistry of cytokeratin in fish tissues. | an increasing interest in fish species as sentinels of environmental pollution and in carcinogenesis research has led to the identification of diagnostically challenging neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin and the need for additional diagnostic methods. to determine the potential of using commercially available antibodies to intermediate filament proteins on paraffin-embedded fish tissues for immunocytochemistry in tumor diagnosis, the application of three antikeratin antibodies to normal adu ... | 1993 | 7505508 |
| [new faunal and biological observations on ticks in abruzzo]. | ticks collected during the years 1975-76 in abruzzo (prov. l'aquila and chieti) italy are reported. the following species have been identified: ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis sulcata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus sanguineus, hyalomma marginatum. new hosts are: felis catus for ixodes canisuga; scolopax rusticola, motacilla flava, corvus cornix for ixodes frontalis; sciurus vulgaris for haemaphysalis punctata; garrul ... | 1976 | 1032325 |
| mycobacterium avium infection in freeliving hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus l). | mesenteric lymph nodes were examined from five hedgehogs captured on the berkshire downs. the single culture obtained was identified as mycobacterium avium type 2. | 1977 | 877438 |
| constancy and variability in cortical structure. a study on synapses and dendritic spines in hedgehog and monkey. | synapses and dendritic spines were investigated in the parietal cortex of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and the monkey (macaca mulatta). there was no significant difference in the density of synapses between the two species (14 synapses/100 microns2 in the hedgehog, 15/100 microns2 in the monkey), neither in the size of the synaptic junctions, in the proportion of type i and type ii synapses (8-10% were of type ii in the hedgehog, 10-14% in the monkey) nor in the proportion of perforated sy ... | 1995 | 7751602 |
| a comparative survey of the mast cells of the mammalian brain. | a search for mast cells has been made in the brains of 18 mammalian species in 13 families in the orders insectivora, primates, rodentia and carnivora. in the larger animals, only the diencephalon and olfactory bulbs were examined. mast cells were identified by virtue of their heparin-containing granules, which are stained by alcian blue 8gx and, metachromatically, by toluidine blue 0. within the cerebral parenchyma, mast cells were confined to the dorsal diencephalon of erinaceus europaeus (hed ... | 1976 | 819404 |
| evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 peroxisomal and mitochondrial targeting. a survey of its subcellular distribution in the livers of various representatives of the classes mammalia, aves and amphibia. | as part of a wider study on the molecular evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (agt1) intracellular compartmentalization, we have determined the subcellular distribution of immunoreactive agt1, using postembedding protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy, in the livers of various members of the classes mammalia, aves, and amphibia. as far as organellar distribution is concerned, three categories could be distinguished. in members of the first category (type i), all, or nearly all, ... | 1994 | 7813517 |
| further cytogenetic variations in the karyotype of erinaceus europaeus (insectivora, mammalia). | cytogenetic studies of erinaceus europaeus from a spanish population, including c-banding, simultaneous ag-staining of nucleolus organizer regions (nors) and g-banding, and chromomycin a3 staining, are described. with regard to the number and morphology of chromosomes, spanish hedgehogs showed a karyotype very similar to that described by mandal for northern europe specimens, referred to as the wii karyotype. clear differences were observed in the presence or absence of centromeric c-bands and t ... | 1994 | 8001398 |
| leptospiral antibodies in wild living animals from north tyrol. | the authors examined serologically 623 wild living animals (22 species) from north tyrol for the incidence of leptospirosis. positive reactions (mal) in the titre 1: 100 and more were found in 4.5% of the animals examined; the serotypes concerned were these: icterohaemorrhagiae, sorex-jalna, castellonis or arboreae, grippotyphosa, bratislava, pomona, sejroe, saxkoebing. positive reactions were obtained with the sera of sorex araneus, erinaceus europaeus, putorius putorius, vulpes vulpes, cervus ... | 1976 | 780229 |
| calcium-binding protein-containing neuronal populations in mammalian visual cortex: a comparative study in whales, insectivores, bats, rodents, and primates. | this study is focused on comparative analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive (gabaergic) neuronal populations in primary visual cortex of totally aquatic toothed whales and select terrestrial mammals with different evolutionary histories and various ecological adaptations. the distribution of neuronal populations containing the calcium-binding proteins calbindin and parvalbumin, which are recognized markers for the gabaergic neurons in cerebral cortex, is compared in five species of toothed ... | 1993 | 8324371 |
| [hedgehog care?]. | the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) is covered by species protection laws; it is also covered by the animal protection laws. it is not permitted to capture it, to injure it, to kill it or to want only disturb it. as a rule it is also not permitted to be held in captivity, to be sold or put out to show. disregard of the protection laws can be punished with fines or prison sentences. irrespective of the legal point of view, according to todays understanding wild animals belong in free natu ... | 1993 | 8404523 |
| amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta chains of adult hemoglobin of the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus. | globin prepared from hemoglobin of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) was separated into alpha and beta polypeptide chains by chromatography on a cm 52 column. the s-aminoethylated alpha and beta chains were each digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides were isolated. the sequences of all the tryptic peptides were established. the ordering of these peptides in the alpha and beta chains was deduced from their homology with the primary structures of alpha and beta chains of human ... | 1979 | 762046 |
| the complete cdna sequence encoding plasminogen from the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | using a pcr-based strategy, we have determined the complete cdna sequence encoding hedgehog plasminogen (plg). the 2700-nucleotide cdna (corresponding to a 2.9-kb liver-derived transcript) encodes an open reading frame of 811 amino acids which shares 74-76% identity with plg characterized from mouse, human and rhesus monkey. residues corresponding to the catalytic triad, tpa-cleavage site, as well as seven of the eight lysine-binding residues in kringle iv are conserved in the hedgehog. however, ... | 1996 | 8666285 |
| the ultrastructure of sensory corpuscles in the skin in the hedgehog snout. | the ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings was examined in the snout skin in 3 adult hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus). the material was taken intravitally under total anaesthesia and processed in a usual way for the electron microscopy. the corpuscles were evaluated in the individual sections and series sections made through the whole corpuscle. in the superficial layers of the dermis simple sensory corpuscles and free endings were found. the simple sensory corpuscles can be divided into three t ... | 1979 | 524985 |
| fatal herpesvirus infection in a hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | | 1996 | 8883350 |
| safety study of the sag2 rabies virus mutant in several non-target species with a view to its future use for the immunization of foxes in europe. | the safety of the sag2 virus, a low virulence mutant of the sad strain, was investigated in ten species of mammals and seven species of birds liable to consume vaccine baits. these species are the western hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), the meadow vole (microtus arvalis), the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), the water vole (arvicola terrestris), the field mouse (apodemus flavicollis or a. sylvaticus), the norway rat (rattus norvegicus), the european badger (meles meles), the domestic ferret ... | 1996 | 9014291 |
| first epidemiological data on pathogenic leptospires isolated on the azorean islands. | insectivores (erinaceus europaeus) and rodents (rattus rattus, r. norvegicus and mus musculus) from different islands of the azores archipelago were found to carry three distinct leptospira interrogans s.l. serovars (copenhageni, icterohaemorrhagiae and ballum) which have never been previously investigated there. the house mouse and the black rat were the major leptospira reservoirs showing isolation rates ranging from 0% for both species (in graciosa) to 88% and 33%, respectively (in sãao migue ... | 1997 | 9258550 |
| vip- and cck-like-immunoreactive neurons in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and sheep (ovis aries) brain. | the distribution pattern and the morphology of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)- and cholecystokinin (cck)-like-immunoreactive neurons were studied in the brain of the hedgehog and the sheep by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method. a total of 34 hedgehogs and 26 sheep of both sexes were used. fourteen hedgehogs and 13 sheep received an intracerebroventricular injection of colchicine that enhanced the immunostaining and revealed "new" immunoreactive cell bodies. ... | 1987 | 3312309 |
| purification and characterization of alpha 2-, alpha 2-beta- and beta-macroglobulin inhibitors in the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus: beta-macroglobulin identified as the plasma antihemorrhagic factor. | three macroglobulin inhibitors were purified from hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) plasma by sequential chromatography on cibacron blue sepharose, sephacryl s-200 and preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. each macroglobulin was characterized for proteinase inhibiting activity, molecular weight by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), subunit size by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-page, immunological cross-reactivity to other macroglobulins and antihemorrhagic activity against european viper ... | 1987 | 3124298 |
| [flea bites caused by archaeopsylla erinacei, the hedgehog flea]. | a hedgehog flea was the cause of multiple flea bites in a 48-year-old patient. the main host of the hedgehog flea is the european hedgehog, but the flea was also found in different furry mammals, such as polecats, brown rats and foxes. it was not previously known that archaeopsylla erinacei attacks man. | 1987 | 3429232 |
| modes of evolution in the protease and kringle domains of the plasminogen-prothrombin family. | phylogenetic analysis of protease domains of the vertebrate plasminogen-prothrombin family revealed two major subfamilies: (1) a subfamily containing macrophage-stimulating protein (msp), hepatocyte growth factor (hgf), plasminogen, and apolipoprotein(a) (apoa); and (2) a subfamily containing prothrombin, hgf activator, and plasminogen activators. there was evidence that these two subfamilies diverged prior to the divergence of amphibians and amniotes. the phylogeny indicated a close relationshi ... | 2000 | 10712851 |
| comparison of danish isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt9a and pt11 from hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) and humans by plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | during the years 1994 to 1998, 10 strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 11 (pt11) and 6 pt9a strains were isolated from danish hedgehogs, together with 7 strains that did not yield phage susceptibility patterns conforming with any known phage type (routine dilution no conformity [rdnc]). from 1995 to 1998, five danish patients were reported infected with serovar enteritidis pt11 and two with pt9a. all serovar enteritidis pt11, pt9a, and rdnc isolates from hedgehogs and hu ... | 2000 | 11015375 |
| the comparative immunocytochemical distribution of 28 kda cholecalcin (cabp) in the hippocampus of rat, guinea pig and hedgehog. | the distribution of 28 kda cholecalcin (calcium-binding protein, cabp) in the hippocampal formation of the rat, guinea pig and european hedgehog was examined by immunocytochemistry. the extension of the mossy fibers (the axons of the granule cells of the dentate gyrus) was also studied using the timm's sulfide-silver method. cholecalcin was present in all mossy fibers. in the rat, only those pyramidal cells not reached by the labeled mossy fibers displayed cholecalcin immunoreactivity. immunocyt ... | 1987 | 3676777 |
| marsupial, insectivore, and chiropteran anesthesia. | this article covers the manual restraint and anesthesia of marsupials, insectivores, and chiroptera. marsupials commonly kept as pets in the u.s. [e.g., eastern gray kangaroos (macropus giganteus), bennett's wallabies (macropus rufogriseus), and sugar gliders (petaurus breviceps)] are covered in detail. marsupial species kept in zoological parks [e.g., tasmanian devils, koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), and common wombats (vombatus ursinus)] are covered in less detail. of the insectivores, only t ... | 2001 | 11217462 |
| neurotensinlike immunoreactive neurons in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and the sheep (ovis aries) central nervous system. | neurotensin-containing neurons in the hedgehog and sheep central nervous system were studied immunohistochemically. in both species, mapping of neurotensin neurons was achieved only after pretreatment with colchicine injected intracerebroventricularly 2 days prior to perfusion. bipolar or multipolar neurotensin neurons, 10-30 micron in diameter, were observed in the following regions of the central nervous system of both species: medial amygdaloid nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, interstitial nu ... | 1986 | 3950094 |
| seasonal variations in the physiology and biochemistry of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) including comparisons with non-hibernators, guinea-pig and man. | | 1972 | 4510925 |
| [research on the epidemiology-epizootology of leptospirosis. i. serological studies on the role of the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus var. italicus barrett-hamilton, 1900, in the spread of pathogenic leptospira]. | | 1973 | 4807679 |
| helminths found in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in three areas of italy. | | 2003 | 12542271 |
| reticuloendothelial system activity and antibody formation in hibernating hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus). | | 1972 | 5016953 |
| [pulmonary lesions caused by toxoplasma gondii in "erinaceus europaeus l."]. | | 1966 | 5991723 |
| the timm-stained hippocampus of the european hedgehog: a basal mammalian form. | a quantitative and qualitative description has been made of the components of the timm-stained hippocampus of the european hedgehog. while the laminar organization and the relative size of the major subdivisions of the hippocampus (i.e., area dentata, ammon's horn, and subiculum) are similar to those of the albino laboratory rat, the relative proportions and the staining characteristics of some of the components of the subdivisions are different. the differences are particularly evident in ammon ... | 1984 | 6205026 |
| susceptibility of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) to infection with leptospira pomona. | | 1957 | 13493533 |
| [protective action of a brown fat extract of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) against hypothermia in the adrenalectomized white rat]. | | 1960 | 13710238 |
| [the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus, reservoir or rickettsia or of neo-rickettsia and even of agents of the ovine abortion group]. | | 1959 | 13828202 |
| staphylococcus aureus strains associated with the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus. | | 1965 | 14308355 |
| [sensitivity of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) to different species of borrelia]. | | 1959 | 14414111 |
| [receptivity of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) to trypanosoma gambiense]. | | 1960 | 14414112 |
| experimental infection of hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) with bhanja virus. | | 1984 | 6430758 |
| connexin43 orthologues in vertebrates: phylogeny from fish to man. | the gap junction protein connexin43 (cx43) is widely expressed in all vertebrate species; however, in ventricular myocardium, cx43 expression is restricted to mammalian species only, where it provides the molecular correlate for both electrical conduction and synchronization of the repolarization process. the evolutionarily "late" appearance of cx43 in the heart suggests physiological adaptation to euthermia with its concomitant demands related to increased cardiovascular output. we tested to wh ... | 2004 | 15083360 |
| [the pavia center for the study and diagnosis of leptospirosis]. | according to his deep experience in this field, the author greatly appreciates the program agreed during this congress. he thinks that leptospirosis is a still widely diffused zoonosis, for which accurate diagnostic work-up is requested, coupled to an adequate epidemiologic study. among his own contributions to this argument, the a. remarks the studies on the experimental infection of the guineapig with l. icterohaemorrhagiae, providing evidence that jaundice and lethal course of the illness are ... | 1984 | 6508950 |
| ventricular fibrillation in hibernators and nonhibernators. | previous studies have shown that there are differences between hibernators and nonhibernators in the susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation. in an attempt to clarify these differences ventricular fibrillation was induced in isolated hearts of the hibernator, the woodchuck, marmota monax by cooling, warming, puncture, and by norepinephrine administration. it was shown that the hearts of the winter animals were completely resistant toward the ventricular fibrillation inducing agents, which was ... | 1983 | 6617230 |
| [an electron microscope study of the inner circular layer and related interstitial cajal cells of the small intestine of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) during its annual cycle]. | the inner portion of the circular layer (the special layer) of the small intestine of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and its related interstitial cells of cajal (icc) were studied by electron microscopy for the first time in the literature. hedgehogs were studied in active conditions, during hibernation and at arousal. the structure of the inner portion of the circular layer of the hedgehog is similar to that observed in other mammals a special layer formed by thin muscle cells may be recogn ... | 1983 | 6661307 |
| the scavenging behaviour of ferrets (mustela furo), feral cats (felis domesticus), possums (trichosurus vulpecula), hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) and harrier hawks (circus approximans) on pastoral farmland in new zealand: implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission. | to identify species that scavenge carcasses in pastoral habitats in new zealand; to determine whether there were interspecific or intraspecific differences in scavenging behaviour and; to document any interspecific or intraspecific interactions occurring at carcasses. | 2000 | 16032148 |
| [adiaspiromycosis in small mammals in large capacity pigsties in the trebon basin]. | from 1977 to 1979 a study on the occurrence of adiaspiromycosis was performed on three animal farms in south bohemia. in 113 examined small mammals from the farms and their neighbourhoods adiaspiromycosis was detected in m. arvalis living both in the fields in the precincts (7/613, i. e. 1.14%) and in the grassy areas inside the three animal farms (5/221, i. e. 2.3%). by that time no adiaspiromycosis was found in small mammals living in the farm buildings. the obtained results were compared with ... | 1981 | 6787784 |
| distribution and partial characterization of the plasma lipoproteins in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.), a hibernator with potential use in the study of the hormonal regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. | the hedgehog is a hibernator in which yearly cycles of several endocrine activities and seasonal variations of plasma lipids have already been demonstrated. we have consequently undertaken a study of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in this animal, bled during late april and may. plasma cholesterol levels (178 +/- 30 mg/100 ml) were comparable with those in normal humans, while triacylglycerol was lower (46 +/- 17 mg/100 ml) and phospholipids higher (252 +/- 35 mg/100 ml). the main characteristics ... | 1983 | 6871235 |
| ensembl 2007. | the ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org/) project provides a comprehensive and integrated source of annotation of chordate genome sequences. over the past year the number of genomes available from ensembl has increased from 15 to 33, with the addition of sites for the mammalian genomes of elephant, rabbit, armadillo, tenrec, platypus, pig, cat, bush baby, common shrew, microbat and european hedgehog; the fish genomes of stickleback and medaka and the second example of the genomes of the sea squirt ( ... | 2007 | 17148474 |
| paramyxoviruses of the morbilli group in the wild hedgehog erinaceus europeus. | dead and sick hedgehogs (erinaceus europeus) were examined, together with apparently healthy individuals, and paramyxo virus of the morbilli group was isolated. one animal's symptoms were similar to those caused by canine distemper and the virus isolate from faecal suspensions from this animal were antigenically related in various degrees to measles, canine distemper, rinderpest and pprv viruses. isolates from normal hedgehogs were found to belong to the same group. the variability and host spec ... | 1981 | 7013778 |
| the primary structure of adult hemoglobin of musk shrew (suncus murinus). | an alpha chain and two beta chains beta i and beta ii) were obtained from adult hemoglobin of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) by cm-cellulose column chromatography. the s-carboxymethylated alpha chain and the s-aminoethylated beta chains were each digested with trypsin and the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides obtained were established. the ordering of these peptides in the alpha and beta chains was deduced from their homology with the primary structures of the alpha and beta chains o ... | 1981 | 7309005 |
| european hedgehogs as hosts for borrelia spp., germany. | | 2007 | 17582907 |
| gene conversion limits divergence of mammalian tlr1 and tlr6. | toll-like receptors (tlr) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are important mediators of the innate immune system. tlr1 and tlr6 are paralogs and located in tandem on the same chromosome in mammals. they form heterodimers with tlr2 and bind lipopeptide components of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cell walls. to identify conserved stretches in tlr1 and tlr6, that may be important for their function, we compared their protein sequences in nine mammalian species(homo sap ... | 2007 | 17727694 |
| the neuroendocrine system in hibernating mammals: present knowledge and open questions. | the present review describes the distribution and the function-dependent reactivity pattern of those peptidergic and aminergic components of the neuroendocrine system of hibernating mammals that have been studied by histological, pharmacological and physiological techniques. particular attention has been paid to the intrinsic connectivity of the peptidergic apparatus and its input systems. since the reactivity patterns of the neuroendocrine system show remarkable fluctuations in relation to the ... | 1995 | 7553762 |
| acquisition of borrelia burgdorferi by ixodes ricinus ticks fed on the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus l. | a hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, was found to be heavily infested with larval and nymphal ixodes ricinus in a forest park in co. galway, ireland. a large proportion of the ticks that engorged and detached were infected with the spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of human lyme borreliosis. the identity of these spirochaetes was confirmed by immunofluorescent assay with b. burgdorferi-specific monoclonal antibody and by polymerase chain reaction test and they were transmitted f ... | 1994 | 7628256 |
| hedgehog ringworm in humans and a dog. | we report 3 related cases of human dermatophytosis and 1 dog dermatophytosis likely caused by contact with a european hedgehog. trichophyton erinacei was isolated from stratum corneum samples. this type of zoophilic dermatophytosis is rare in south-east belgium and probably in the rest of the country as well. | 2008 | 19186564 |
| plasma lipid transport in the hedgehog: partial characterization of structure and function of apolipoprotein a-i. | apart from exhibiting the presence of lipoprotein [a] in its plasma, another interest of the european hedgehog in lipoprotein research lies in the quantitative prominence of a complex spectrum of high density lipoproteins (hdl) and very high density lipoproteins (vhdl) as cholesterol transporters in plasma (laplaud, p. m. et al. 1989. biochim. biophys. acta. 1005: 143-156). we, therefore, initiated studies in the field of reverse cholesterol transport in the hedgehog. as a first step, we charact ... | 1995 | 7775860 |
| c-pon immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study. | the present study provides light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the c-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide y, c-pon, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deep ... | 1994 | 8055535 |
| sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial dna molecule of the hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, and the phylogenetic position of the lipotyphla. | the sequence of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) was determined. the length of the sequence presented is 17,442 nucleotides (nt). the molecule is thus the largest eutherian mtdna molecule so far reported. the organization of the molecule conforms with that of other eutherians, but the control region of the molecule is exceptionally long, 1,988 nt, due to the presence of repeated motifs at two different positions in the 3' part of the control r ... | 1995 | 8587140 |
| noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems in the central nervous system of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). | the distribution of the noradrenaline (na)- and dopamine (da)-containing neuronal structures in the central nervous system of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), a phylogenetically old mammalian species, was immunocytochemically studied employing antibodies directed against the catecholamines (ca) themselves. groups of da cell bodies observed in this study were similar to those present in other species but the distributional map of the na-containing cell bodies exhibited some peculiarities. prom ... | 1996 | 8872557 |
| comparison of antihemorrhagic activities in skeletal muscle extracts from various animals against bothrops jararaca snake venom. | antihemorrhagic activities of skeletal muscle extracts from various animals were compared in inhibiting the hemorrhagic activity of bothrops jararaca venom. the muscle extracts of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) exhibited the strongest activity, followed by those of other insectivores such as the shrew (crocidura russula) and mole (talpa europaea). the antihemorrhagic activities of muscle extracts from experimental animals such as mice, rats, guinea-pigs, hamsters and rabbits were ne ... | 1998 | 9620591 |
| the first complete papillomavirus genome characterized from a marsupial host: a novel isolate from bettongia penicillata. | the first fully sequenced papillomavirus (pv) of marsupials, tentatively named bettongia penicillata papillomavirus type 1 (bppv1), was detected in papillomas from a woylie (bettongia penicillata ogilbyi). the circular, double-stranded dna genome contains 7,737 bp and encodes 7 open reading frames (orfs), e6, e7, e1, e2, e4, l2, and l1, in typical pv conformation. bppv1 is a close-to-root pv with l1 and l2 orfs most similar to european hedgehog pv and bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis viru ... | 2010 | 20200246 |
| genetic differentiation among local populations of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in mosaic habitats. | tissue samples from 160 european hedgehogs, erinaceus europaeus, representing eight small populations from a highly fragmented landscape in oxfordshire, uk, were screened for polymorphism at six microsatellite loci. permutation analysis of allelic compositions revealed no evidence for linkage disequilibrium among loci. genotype proportions within populations and at five loci did not differ from those expected at hardy-weinberg equilibrium. however, significant heterozygote deficit and amplificat ... | 1998 | 9819909 |
| advanced diagnostic approaches and current management of internal disorders of select species (rodents, sugar gliders, hedgehogs). | african pygmy and european hedgehogs, sugar gliders, and rodents such as rats, mice, gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs, and chinchillas are becoming increasingly popular as pets in the united states, and more practitioners are being asked to examine, diagnose, and treat these animals for a bevy of disorders and diseases. many procedures and techniques used in traditional small and large animal medicine are used for these species, with minor adaptations or considerations. this article examines avail ... | 2010 | 20682430 |
| a large outdoor radial maze for comparative studies in birds and mammals. | for a comparative neurobiological analysis of spatial learning and memory, a large outdoor eight-arm radial maze was constructed which permits behavioral assessment of many avian and mammalian species both from the laboratory or the wild, using the same metric space and session schedules. it consists of a central part of 250cm diameter, and has arms of 650cm length, 170cm height and 80cm width. in order to determine appropriate training schedules for comparison of different species, we tested fo ... | 2001 | 11166080 |
| therapeutics of african pygmy hedgehogs and prairie dogs. | the author examines the therapeutics for african pygmy hedgehogs and prairie dogs. the african or asian hedgehog differs from the larger european hedgehog. pronounced differences in size, seasonal behavior, and natural diet exist. since the prairie dog's increase in popularity in the pet trade, numerous interrelated syndromes have been reported, including respiratory disease, obesity, cardiac disease, and oral neoplasia. this article describes the routes of administration and the common disease ... | 2000 | 11228825 |
| molecular characterization of danish cryptosporidium parvum isolates. | the genetic polymorphism among 271 danish cryptosporidium isolates of human and animal origin was studied by partial amplification and sequencing of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene, the 1 8s rdna, and a microsatellite locus. furthermore, the microsatellite locus was studied directly using fragment analysis. a comparative analysis of dna sequences showed the presence of 3 different subgenotypes (cl, c2 and c3) in c. parvum isolates from danish cattle, with prevalences of 16.7, ... | 2002 | 12403321 |
| normal haematological values of european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) from an english rehabilitation centre. | blood samples were taken from 29 male and 21 female clinically normal european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) that had been overwintered in an english rehabilitation centre, and the mean (sd) and ranges of their haematological values were determined. the mean cellular volume and lymphocyte counts of the female hedgehogs were slightly but significantly higher than those of the male hedgehogs. | 2002 | 12452356 |