| recent advances in microbiology in leprosy. | the recent advances in microbiology of leprosy are reviewed. till now the leprosy bacillus had not been cultivated in laboratory media; the recent claims of success have not been confirmed. there has been a breakthrough in the experimental transmission of leprosy to experimental animals--the white mice, the immune depressed white mice, and the nine-banded armadillo. apart from providing definite proof for the causative relationship of the bacillus discovered by hansen and the disease leprosy, th ... | 1977 | 70571 |
| cross-reactions between serum proteins and water soluble liver tissue antigens of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus linn.) and man. | cross-reactions between serum proteins and water soluble liver antigens of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus linn.) and man were studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie). armadillo serum tested with rabbit antiserum against human serum proteins gave twelve components in cie. nine of these cross-reacting proteins were identified and showed partial identity with the corresponding human proteins. the electrophoretic mobility of alpha 2-macroglobulin and gc-globulin differed in t ... | 1979 | 93527 |
| chagas's disease in the amazon basin: 1. trypanosoma cruzi infections in silvatic mammals, triatomine bugs and man in the state of pará, north brazil. | a total of 1,197 wild animals from pará state north brazil, were examined for haematozoa. trypanosoma cruzi-like parasites were found in 13 different species, and were particularly common in a variety of marsupials (didelphidae), porcupines (coendou spp.), armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) and coatimundis(nasua nasua). three human infections are reported, making a total of seven autochthonous cases of chagas's disease from pará since the first were described in 1969. a serological survey of 5,31 ... | 1979 | 112730 |
| cytochrome-linked respiration in host grown m. leprae isolated from an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, l.). | the bacilli were isolated from an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, l.) and cytochrome systems as well as oxidation of succinate and nadh by m. leprae were studied. cell-free extracts of m. leprae contained cytochromes of the a + a3, b, c and o type. whole cell suspensions catalyzed the oxidation of succinate. the process was unaffected by rotenone but was markedly inhibited by thenoyltrifluoroacetone, antimycin a and cyanide. cell-free preparations of m. leprae also oxidized nadh with oxygen as ... | 1977 | 198384 |
| naturally acquired leprosy-like disease in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus): reactions in leprosy patients to lepromins prepared from naturally infected armadillos. | | 1977 | 336883 |
| cholesterol, a factor which is required for growth of mycobacteria from leprous tissues. | in a yeast extract, glycerol and sheep serum containing medium, slow but abundant growth of mycobacteria occurred when media were inoculated with m. leprae isolated from leprous tissues of armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus linn.). the lipid fraction of the serum was the essential factor for growth. cholesterol not only replaced, but surpassed the growth promoting effect of the lipid fraction. however, growth of mycobacteria was observed only when media were enriched with serum. the relationship o ... | 1978 | 355155 |
| ocular histopathology in animals experimentally infected with mycobacterium leprae and m. lepraemurium. 1. mycobacterium leprae and m. lepraemurium infections in the mouse. 2. mycobacterium leprae infections in the 9-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus l.). | at varying periods of time following the successful establishment of systemic infections with mycobacterium leprae or m. lepraemurium in the mouse and the nine-banded armadillo eyes were examined by light microscopy. inoculation of bacilli was by the intravenous or intraperitoneal route or directly into the hind footpads; eyes were not directly inoculated in this study. during periods of up to 3 years under laboratory conditions no animal showed evidence of impaired vision or blindness, and the ... | 1978 | 356872 |
| formation of antibody against mycobacterium leprae antigen 7 in armadillos. | a radioimmunoassay developed to measure antibody against mycobacterium leprae antigen 7 in man was applied to the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). normal armadillo sera had low but significant antibody activity in the test. fourteen of 17 armadillos with systemic mycobacterial infection after inoculation with m. leprae showed increased antibody activity in the assay, and in some instances the activity was higher than in a pool of sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy. crossed ... | 1978 | 364069 |
| naturally acquired leprosy-like disease in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus): histopathologic and microbiologic studies of tissues. | | 1977 | 411927 |
| leishmaniasis in brazil: xiii. isolation of leishmania from armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), and observations on the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north pará state. | | 1979 | 473314 |
| serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in wild animals in florida. | blood samples were collected for serum separation from 114 species of wild animals (25 species of mammals, 82 species of birds, and 7 species of reptiles) in florida. each of the 3,471 samples was tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, using the indirect hemagglutination test. the highest prevalences of t gondii antibodies were 19% in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), 18% in raccoons (procyon lotor), 13% in black rats (rattus rattus), and 11% in opossums (didelphis marsupialis). antibody p ... | 1979 | 521384 |
| lack of observed association between armadillo contact and leprosy in humans. | in 1971 it was discovered that the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) could be infected in the laboratory with mycobacterium leprae, and would manifest disease similar to the lepromatous form of leprosy in man. in 1975 several wild armadillos captured in louisiana were found to have a disease identical to the m. laprae infection in laboratory animals. to determine if there is a significant association between contact with armadillos and presence of leprosy in humans, the armadillo cont ... | 1977 | 557294 |
| response of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) to gonadotropins and steroids. | adult male and female, nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) were treated with exogenous gonadotropins and steroids to induce mating in captivity. gonadotropin treatment induced follicular development and ovulation in the female but failed to enhance semen quality in the male. the number of ovarian follicles increased as the dosage of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin increased; ovulation rate appeared to be inversely related to dose. mating behavior was not detected in any of the trials, ... | 1977 | 561866 |
| endoneurial mast cells in peripheral nerves of the armadillo dermis. | electron microscopy of the dermis of the 9-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus, reveals an intimate relationship of mast cells to peripheral nerves. mast cells are routinely found in the dermis in close proximity to nerves, and mast cells are also present within the perineurial cell sheath in the endoneurial space proper. these cells contain electron opaque granules and exhibit numerous surface folds as is characteristic of other species. the degranulation of the mast cells by injection of 0. ... | 1978 | 688376 |
| indigenous leprosy in the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus. | | 1978 | 752071 |
| experimental leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo. | | 1975 | 813256 |
| the fine structure of the interstitial tissue of the testis of the nine-banded armadillo. | the interstitial tissue of the testis of the nine-banded armadillo is composed of blood vessels, clusters of leydig cells, the usual connective tissue elements, and a network of lymphatic sinusoids. the endothelial walls of the sinusoids are separated from the peritubular contractile cell layer surrounding the seminiferous tubules by a thin layer of collagen. the pertibular contractile cell is characterized by filaments and dense bodies within the cytoplasm, whereas the endothelial cells lack th ... | 1977 | 835839 |
| preparation and characterization of armadillo submandibular glycoproteins. | the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus peters) was chosen for this study so that a comparison could be made of the salivary mucus glycoproteins of an ancient mammalian species with those derived from previously studied, more highly evolved species. two mucus glycoproteins, armadillo submandibular glycoprotein a and armadillo submandibular glycoprotein b, were prepared from the armadillo submandibular gland by a modification of the method of tettamanti & pigman (1968) (arch. bi ... | 1977 | 851423 |
| the immune system of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, linn). | the armadillo is rapidly emerging as an animal for biomedical research. a morphological study of the immune system of the armadillo was undertaken to try to demonstrate a possible defect in the morphogenesis of the lymphoid organs that could account for their susceptibility to leprosy. blood from 20 domesticated adult armadillos revealed lymphocytes predominated among circulating leukocytes in the majority of animals, whereas in wild animals neutrophils predominated. necropsies revealed well-dev ... | 1975 | 1091181 |
| cytochrome pigments in mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus l.). | the bacilli were isolated from granulomata harvested from armadillos. cytochrome systems in whole cell suspensions as well as in cell-free extracts were examined spectrophotometrically. the intact cells contained cytochromes of the a+b3, b and c type which were found to be present mainly in the reduced form. the cytochrome systems in cell-free extracts of m. leprae were in the oxidized form but contained the same type of cytochromes as the intact bacteria. the presence of cytochromes was easily ... | 1975 | 1099400 |
| the pathogenesis of leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo and the significance of igm antibodies to pgl-1. | twenty-seven nine-banded armadillos captured from the wild and tested free of wild m. leprae infection were distributed into four groups. they were injected at the right hind footpad with saline suspensions of m. leprae at doses of 10(3), 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6). pgl-1 antibody levels were estimated using an elisa test, twice during six months before the infection and every two months after the infection. one animal from each group was sacrificed at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30-month intervals and anoth ... | 1992 | 1607712 |
| molecular phylogeny of the superorder archonta. | the superorder archonta has been hypothesized to include primates, tree shrews, bats, and flying lemurs as descendants of a common ancestor. more recently, a diphyletic origin for bats has been proposed. to evaluate these hypotheses, the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit ii gene was determined from a bushbaby (galago senegalensis), flying lemur (cynocephalus variegatus), tree shrew (tupaia glis), spear-nosed bat (phyllostomus hastatus), rousette bat (rousettus l ... | 1991 | 1658802 |
| an attempt to produce experimental tuberculoid leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo. | in an attempt to produce experimental tuberculoid leprosy, three nine-banded armadillos, two with borderline tuberculoid lepromin reaction, and one with tuberculoid lepromin reaction, were chosen. they were injected subcutaneously in a four square centimetre area in the abdominal skin with saline suspension of 6.5 x 10(7) m. leprae. induration of skin at the injected site appeared in 24 hours and persisted for 6 months in one and for 18 months in the other two animals. histopathological examinat ... | 1991 | 1783786 |
| comparison of polymerase chain reaction technique with other methods for detection of mycobacterium leprae in tissues of wild nine-banded armadillos. | thirty, nine-banded armadillos weighing between 3 and 5 kilograms trapped from an area endemic for armadillo leprosy were collected at random; killed, autopsied and examined histopathologically. also, one of the right inguinal lymph nodes was removed under sterile precautions and examined using pcr, direct smear examination, mouse footpad study, culture in laboratory media and histopathology with a view to detecting mycobacterium leprae. blood was collected at death and tested for igm antibodies ... | 1991 | 1784151 |
| epidemiological and nosological aspects of leishmania naiffi lainson & shaw, 1989. | leishmania naiffi was isolated from 10 out of 64 armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) examined in amazonas, pará and rondônia states in the brazilian amazon region. the isolates were obtained in culture from samples of liver (3), spleen (3), lymph nodes (2), skin (1) and blood (1) from the infected animals. heavy infections with the same parasite were detected for the first time in psychodopygus squamiventris, a common man-biting phlebotomine, in amazonas and pará. a new case of cutaneous leishmani ... | 1991 | 1842423 |
| naturally acquired and experimental leprosy in nonhuman primates. | naturally-acquired leprosy has been observed in chimpanzees and sooty mangabey monkeys. experimental multibacillary leprosy was established in 24 of 36 mangabey monkeys, 7 of 34 rhesus monkeys, and 15 of 19 african green monkeys following intravenous and intradermal inoculation of mycobacterium leprae. the experimental disease strongly resembles leprosy in humans clinically, histopathologically, and immunologically. thus, in addition to nine-banded armadillos in louisiana and texas, chimpanzees ... | 1991 | 2042709 |
| [attraction of the armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, l.) and guinea pigs for phlebotomines in french guiana]. | during 60 night-catches of sand-flies using armadillo baited disney-traps, 7 psychodopygus species were recorded. they account for 84% of the whole catches; eight times more flies were recorded from "terra firme" forest than in the marshy shallows. p. ayrozai (barretto and coutinho) is the main species all the year long (45% to 85% of the catches); it is followed by p. squamiventris maripaensis (ready et al.). in brazil, p. ayrozai is the presumptive vector of the leishmania (v.) naiffi lainson ... | 1990 | 2085914 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis of man due to leishmania (viannia) naiffi lainson and shaw, 1989. | until recently mammalian hosts of leishmania (viannia) naiffi lainson & shaw, 1989 have been limited to armadillos, dasypus novemcinctus, in amazonian brazil. past evidence for human cutaneous leishmaniasis due to this parasite is reviewed, and a recent infection in man reported, with identification of the parasite by isoenzyme profiles and a specific monoclonal antibody. the role of some phlebotomine sandfly species as vectors is discussed. | 1990 | 2097934 |
| isolation and characterization of an environmental acid-fast organism producing diphenoloxidase activity in vivo. | water and soil samples were collected from natural habitats of the nine-banded armadillo and tested for the presence of acid-fast organisms by injection into the foot pads of experimental mice. sixteen months post inoculation an acid-fast organism was isolated from the foot pad and spleen of one of the mice. the isolate exhibited diphenoloxidase activity as determined by its ability to convert d-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine to the corresponding quinone. the same organisms grown in vitro lacked det ... | 1990 | 2118868 |
| antibodies to the phenolic glycolipid-1 antigen for epidemiologic investigations of enzootic leprosy in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus). | other than man, nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) are the only known natural hosts of leprosy with high rates of disease. the origin, range and risk of their infection is not yet clear and a better description of the rate of leprosy over the armadillo's range is needed. both histopathological examination of armadillo ear tissues and serologic screening for igm antibodies to the phenolic glycolipid-1 (pgl-1) antigen of mycobacterium leprae are good relative indices of enzootic prevale ... | 1990 | 2181221 |
| ocular leprosy in nine-banded armadillos following intrastromal inoculation. | leprosy shows a higher percentage of ocular involvement than any other systemic infection. in humans, the cornea is the first ocular tissue affected. our previous studies in armadillos with naturally acquired and experimental disseminated leprosy showed that 44% had corneal infection. mycobacterium leprae is found in armadillo burrows in louisiana, u.s.a., and ocular abrasions may be the portal of entry for these organisms in wild armadillos. to test the cornea as a route of infection, we inject ... | 1990 | 2205689 |
| early infection with m. leprae and antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-i in the nine-banded armadillo. | nine-banded armadillos were intravenously infected with 10(9) m. leprae. igm antibodies to pgl-i were evaluated three times during the six months before and every two months after the infection. a thorough autopsy examination was done on animals that died or were sacrificed at intervals of 3, 4, 6, 12, 15 and 18 months after the infection. three animals which had acquired the infection in the wild and one experimentally infected animal showed significant increases in antibody levels correspondin ... | 1990 | 2212734 |
| the evolution of antibody response in armadillos inoculated with mycobacterium leprae. | plasma from 30 armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) was collected prior to inoculation and at approximately 3-month intervals for a period of 1-3 years. these animals were inoculated intravenously with 6.1 x 10(8) +/- 2 x 10(8) (x +/- sd) armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae. these samples were analysed for antibodies of igm and igg class to phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) and to sonicated m. leprae components using elisa and immunoblotting techniques, respectively. we had previously observed among ... | 1990 | 2215054 |
| survey for leprosy in nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) from the southeastern united states. | ears from 853 nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) from alabama, arkansas, florida, georgia and mississippi were examined microscopically for evidence of leprosy. all were negative for both acid-fast bacteria (mycobacterium leprae) and lesions compatible with leprosy. | 1990 | 2406467 |
| partial nucleotide sequence of 16s ribosomal rna isolated from armadillo-grown mycobacterium leprae. | ribosomal rna (rrna) was isolated from mycobacterium leprae recovered from infected tissue of the nine-banded armadillo, and nucleotide sequences near the 3' end of the 16s species were determined by primer extension in the presence of dideoxynucleotides. previously published data for bacterial 16s rrnas show a pattern of conserved and non-conserved sequences that fit a common secondary structure. our data for m. leprae fits this general pattern. | 1988 | 2464663 |
| naturally acquired rabies in an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) in texas. | the first case of rabies in an armadillo is reported. the rabies fluorescent-antibody test and mouse inoculation procedure were used to substantiate the presence of the virus. the centers for disease control authenticated our findings and was able to determine the source of infection by monoclonal antibody typing. | 1989 | 2643619 |
| intracellular parasitism of parenchymal cells by mycobacterium leprae. | the liver, skeletal muscle, and adrenal gland obtained from two nine-banded armadillos infected with mycobacterium leprae were studied using an electron microscope. m. leprae were found in varying numbers inside hepatocytes, kupffer's cells, striated muscle cells, adrenal cortical and adrenal medullary cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages. there was evidence to suggest that m. leprae were actively phagocytosed by the liver and skeletal muscle cells. the inert nature of m. leprae and its beh ... | 1989 | 2674304 |
| the primary structure of pale-throated three-toed sloth (bradypus tridactylus, xenarthra) hemoglobin. | the hemoglobin of the pale-throated three-toed sloth (bradypus tridactylus, xenarthra) was separated into two components (ratio 4:1) with identical amino-acid analyses for the alpha- and beta-chains. the primary structures of both chains from the major component are given. they could be isolated by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose cm-52. the sequences have been determined by automatic edman degradation of the native chains and their tryptic peptides. the comparison with human hemoglobin ... | 1989 | 2757790 |
| leishmania (viannia) naiffi sp. n., a parasite of the armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus (l.) in amazonian brazil. | a new leishmanial parasite, leishmania (viannia) naiffi sp. n., is described from the nine-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus (edentata: dasypodidae), from para state, north brazil. the parasite grows luxuriantly in diffco blood-agar medium (b47), but poorly in the skin of intradermally inoculated hamsters. a comparison of isoenzyme profiles by starch gel electrophoresis separates the parasite from l. (v) braziliensis and l. (v.) guyanensis by the enzymes asat, alat, pgm, gpi, g6pd, pep, mpi ... | 1989 | 2930120 |
| leprosy in six isolated residents of northern louisiana. time-clustered cases in an essentially nonendemic area. | northern louisiana has been essentially free of indigenous leprosy, and now it is not. six new cases of leprosy have been diagnosed: three in 1986, the other three in 1985, 1983, and 1982, respectively. the patients had been lifelong residents of six scattered rural parishes. leprosy had never been reported from five of them. no patient had had contact with human leprosy. the patients were white; four were women; the mean +/- sd age at onset was 60.3 +/- 16.4 years (age range, 31 to 80 years); a ... | 1988 | 3046539 |
| leprosy as a zoonosis: an update. | naturally-acquired leprosy has been reported in nine-banded armadillos captured in the southern united states, a chimpanzee from sierra leone, and in two "sooty" mangabey monkeys from nigeria. a significant prevalence of leprosy in wild armadillos establishes this animal as a reservoir of m. leprae, and exposure to armadillos has been implicated as a source of leprosy in humans. current evidence suggests that leprosy is a zoonosis in certain nonhuman primate species. control and eradication prog ... | 1988 | 3051854 |
| [mycobacteria isolated from armadillos dasypus novemcinctus inoculated with mycobacterium leprae]. | the authors report the isolation of two mycobacteria from armadillos livers and spleens, inoculated with mycobacterium leprae in the kato medium. they discuss this results. | 1988 | 3079304 |
| experimental infection of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) with schistosoma mansoni (kenyan strain). | eleven wild-caught nine-banded armadillos were infected with cercariae of the kenyan strain of schistosoma mansoni for 1-25 weeks. distribution of eggs along and within the gut and liver was similar to that seen in human schistosomiasis. however, egg excretion was poor, eggs were small, rate of infection was low, and the prepatent period was long. from these data it is concluded that dasypus novemcinctus is an inefficient reservoir host of s. mansoni. | 1988 | 3152778 |
| [morphologic characteristics of leproma cell cultures from humans and experimental animals and the effect on them of antileprotic preparations]. | leproma pieces obtained from leprosy patients and m. leprae-infected animals were cultivated by the method of primary explantation. it is noted that the development of a monolayer from macrophages overloaded with m. leprae is a characteristic common to the lepromas of various origin. antileprosy activity of the drugs under study was assessed by the rate of decrease in mycobacterial load of macrophages. species features of cultivated lepromas from man, nine-banded armadillo and mouse are characte ... | 1988 | 3207885 |
| corneal changes in nine-banded armadillos with leprosy. | leprosy is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide; however, little is known about the ocular changes that occur during the disease process. we have studied the eyes of two nine-banded armadillos with experimental mycobacterium leprae infection by light and electron microscopy. both animals had been inoculated intracutaneously, one 5 years and the other 2 years previously. light microscopy revealed invasion by acid-fast bacilli which were seen in keratocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in ... | 1988 | 3275592 |
| surveillance for naturally acquired leprosy in a nine-banded armadillo population. | samples from 77 nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) inhabiting a 16.7 km portion of the east atchafalaya river levee, point coupee parish, louisiana, were serologically tested and/or histopathologically examined for evidence of naturally acquired leprosy. five of 67 (7.5%) armadillos tested sero-positive with elisa test for igm class antibodies to the phenolic-glycolipid-1 antigen of mycobacterium leprae. one of 74 (1.3%) was histopathologically positive as determined by presence of ac ... | 1987 | 3295310 |
| beta-lactamase synthesis in mycobacterium leprae. | beta-lactam antibiotics are not active against mycobacterium leprae. the enzyme beta-lactamase mediates the most common form of bacterial resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. cell-free extracts of purified suspensions of m. leprae were examined for beta-lactamase. the bacteria were prepared from the tissues of experimentally-infected nine-banded armadillos. most of the suspensions were inactive. however, the bacteria obtained from the tissues of armadillos treated with penicillin g benz ... | 1987 | 3295489 |
| ability of the phenolic glycolipid-i antigen of m. leprae to elicit a positive mitsuda response in the armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | three lepromin-positive armadillos and three lepromin-negative armadillos were tested intradermally with 100 micrograms of phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) in 0.1 ml of normal saline. positive delayed-hypersensitivity granulomas at 21 days in the lepromin-positive animals and negative responses in the lepromin-negative animals were obtained. these observations suggest that purified pgl-i is capable of eliciting cell-mediated immune or delayed-hypersensitivity responses in animals sensitized to myco ... | 1987 | 3298476 |
| environmental nonhuman sources of leprosy. | leprosy has been considered to occur only after exposure to a human case. however, evidence has been accumulating that this conventional view is wrong and that an environmental nonhuman source is critical to some human infections with mycobacterium leprae. observations, some of which date back to the nineteenth century, support soil, vegetation, water, arthropods, and armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) as environmental sources of leprosy. disparate clinical, epidemiologic, and microbiologic evide ... | 1987 | 3299637 |
| lepromatous meningoencephalitis in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | the brains from 10 nine-banded armadillos with lepromatous leprosy were studied histopathologically. all of them showed evidence of lepromatous meningitis. in two there was invasion by mycobacterium leprae into the brain tissue, with neuronal cells and glial cells containing intracellular bacilli. to our knowledge, this is the first report of meningoencephalitis in a lepromatous nine-banded armadillo. | 1988 | 3411167 |
| evaluation of the origin of mycobacterium leprae infections in the wild armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the phenolic glycolipid-1 (pgl-1) antigen of mycobacterium leprae and cross-reactive antisera specific for human igm was developed to detect igm antibodies to m. leprae in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). statistical definitions for positive and negative interpretations in the elisa were developed by screening animals recently captured and experimentally inoculated with m. leprae. the elisa was shown to have high sensitivity and ... | 1986 | 3518509 |
| a random survey of leprosy in wild nine-banded armadillos in louisiana. | on the basis of the finding that lepromatous granulomas were almost always seen in the ears of armadillos with disseminated leprosy, a random survey of the prevalence of the disease among wild armadillos in the state of louisiana, u.s.a., was conducted by examining histopathologically both ears of armadillos killed on the roads by automobiles. ten (2%) of the 494 animals examined had disseminated leprosy. if a killed lepromatous armadillo releases up to 10 mycobacterium leprae into the environme ... | 1986 | 3528348 |
| naturally acquired leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo: a decade of experience 1975-1985. | a decade has passed since our first report of naturally acquired leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo. our studies and those of others during this period confirm the identification of the etiologic agent as mycobacterium leprae. confirmation is based on the results of histopathologic examination and microbiologic evaluations that included attempts to culture the organism, flourescent antibody studies, mycolic acid analysis, and dna determinations demonstrating complete relatedness between the na ... | 1986 | 3534127 |
| thorns in armadillo ears and noses and their role in the transmission of leprosy. | both ears from 494 wild nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) and nose specimens from 224 animals were collected and histopathologically studied. lepromatous granulomas were present in the ear specimens of ten of 494 animals. there were thorns in the ears of 22.5% of animals, and in 36.6% of the nose specimens. in one armadillo, there was evidence to suggest that mycobacterium leprae entered the tissue through the thorn pricks. in the normal habitat of the armadillo in louisiana there ar ... | 1986 | 3535729 |
| antimycobacterial antibodies in dasypus novemcinctus infected with mycobacterium leprae and their correlation with the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase. | | 1986 | 3540494 |
| a serologic survey for leptospires in nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus l.) in florida. | | 1986 | 3735592 |
| [enzootic paracoccidioidomycosis in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) in the state of pará]. | | 1986 | 3764301 |
| lepromatous placentitis and intrauterine fetal infection in lepromatous nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus). | three pregnant lepromatous armadillos along with the three sets of four fetuses and their placentae were studied histopathologically. mycobacterium leprae were present in the decidual tissue, trophoblastic cells which line the chorionic villi, and in the cells that form the internal structure of the villi. acid-fast organisms were also seen in the spleens of three fetuses. congenital infection is clearly possible in leprosy in the armadillo and may also occur in humans. | 1987 | 3795871 |
| molecular analysis of dna and construction of genomic libraries of mycobacterium leprae. | molecular analysis of dna from mycobacterium leprae, "mycobacterium lufu," and mycobacterium vaccae has demonstrated that the g + c (guanine plus cytosine) contents of the dnas are 56, 61, and 65%, respectively, and that the genome sizes are 2.2 x 10(9), 3.1 x 10(9), and 3.1 x 10(9) daltons, respectively. because of the significant differences in both g + c content and genome size among m. leprae, "m. lufu," and m. vaccae dnas, these species are not related, although hybridization experiments un ... | 1985 | 3882664 |
| electron microscopic findings of transverse fission of m. leprae by freeze-etching methods. | the structures of multiplication by transverse fission found in the lepromas and livers of nude mice and nine-banded armadillos inoculated with mycobacterium leprae isolated from human lepromas, a nine-banded armadillo with naturally acquired leprosy-like disease, and a nine-banded armadillo inoculated with m. leprae isolated from the mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy infection are described. the images of multiplication by transverse fission of m. leprae were almost always found i ... | 1985 | 3894540 |
| isolation of characteristic glycolipids possibly included in spherical droplets around m. leprae. | the main purpose of this work was to isolate the components in acetone soluble lipids of lepromas of the nine-banded armadillo by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), and then to examine the mass spectrometric characteristics of the two peaks (molecular weights 2000 and 1600) found by hplc. the armadillo had been inoculated with mycobacterium leprae isolated from a mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy. according to the results of hplc, gas liquid chromatographic and mass spe ... | 1985 | 3900252 |
| the free lipids of mycobacterium leprae harvested from experimentally infected nine-banded armadillos. | the free lipids of a sample of mycobacterium leprae were extracted by a procedure designed to produce separate non-polar and polar fractions. the composition of these lipids was analysed semi-quantitatively by five special thin-layer chromatographic systems covering the total range of mycobacterial lipid polarities. in order of increasing polarity, the major lipids were dimycocerosates of phthiocerol a, phthiocerol b and phthiodiolone a, glycosyl phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosates and phospholipi ... | 1985 | 3903039 |
| effect of repeated lepromin testing on experimental nine-banded armadillo leprosy. | twenty-eight armadillos were lepromin tested and infected with m. leprae; 18 intravenously and 10 intradermally. the lepromin test was repeated after 3 months and at intervals of 6 months thereafter until their death or sacrifice up to 30 months. the one animal with tuberculoid lepromin was resistant and 14 of the 16 with lepromatous lepromin developed generalized disease. of the 11 with borderline lepromin, 6 developed disseminated disease and 5 were resistant. there is a definite relationship ... | 1985 | 3915005 |
| flagellate infections of brazilian sand flies (diptera: psychodidae): isolation in vitro and biochemical identification of endotrypanum and leishmania. | flagellate infections were found in 1,063 of 18,895 sand flies collected in the states of amazonas, pará, rondonia and acre, brazil. infection rates were 13.4% (species group shannoni); 7.5% (subgenus nyssomyia); 6.7% (subgenus lutzomyia series cruciata); 0.5% (genus psychodopygus) and 3.1% for other sand flies (various subgenera). leishmania braziliensis guyanensis and l. mexicana amazonensis were isolated, respectively, from the known vectors, lutzomyia umbratilis and l. flaviscutellata. singl ... | 1985 | 3938924 |
| distribution of histoplasma capsulatum in amazonian wildlife. | in a survey of 296 sylvatic animals captured from virgin forests in the north-eastern and south-western amazon of brazil, histoplasma capsulatum was isolated, via the indirect hamster inoculation method, from the liver and spleen of four common opossums didelphis marsupialis and two pacas agouti paca. the infected animals did not show any clinical symptoms or histopathology. the known amazonian mammalian species with natural histoplasmosis now total five, the previously reported species being th ... | 1985 | 3990770 |
| biochemical alterations in the serum of armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) infected with mycobacterium leprae. a preliminary report. | armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) were inoculated with mycobacterium leprae isolated from lepromas taken from untreated lepromatous patients or from the spleen of an armadillo previously infected with human m. leprae. the effect of the infection on the serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase (ldh), alkaline phosphatase (alkp), glutamate-oxalacetate (got) and glutamate-pyruvate (gpt) transaminases was investigated. in general, there was a good correlation between positive evidences of infection and ... | 1985 | 4020215 |
| sleep in the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus at moderate and low ambient temperatures. | | 1974 | 4213382 |
| clinical and serological response of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) to viruses of african swine fever, hog cholera, rinderpest, vesicular exanthema of swine, vesicular stomatitis and foot-and-mouth disease. | | 1974 | 4377951 |
| attempts to establish the armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus linn.) as a model for the study of leprosy. ii. histopathologic and bacteriologic post-mortem findings in lepromatoid leprosy in the armadillo. | | 1972 | 4574269 |
| leprosy in the armadillo: new model for biomedical research. | eight of twenty armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus l.) developed severe lepromatous leprosy 3 to 3.5 years after inoculation with viable mycobacterium leprae. a total of 988 grams of lepromas containing an estimated 15 to 20 grams of leprosy bacilli has been harvested from these animals. the large amounts of material now available will permit in-depth studies of the biochemistry and metabolism of the leprosy bacillus, and the animal model should make possible definitive studies on the immunology, ... | 1974 | 4589901 |
| impact of cool temperatures on transformation of human and armadilio lymphocytes (dasypus novemcinctus, linn.) as related to leprosy. | | 1974 | 4596004 |
| development of an established cell line derived from dasypus novemcinctus (armadillo), a laboratory animal susceptible to infection by mycobacterium leprae. | | 1974 | 4599002 |
| morphology of neuroglia in the hypothalamus of the opossum (didelphis virginiana), armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus) and cat (felis domestica). | | 1971 | 4944389 |
| attempts to establish the armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus linn.) as a model for the study of leprosy. i. report of lepromatoid leprosy in an experimentally infected armadillo. | | 1971 | 4948218 |
| [histochemical study of polysaccharides in the colloid of the thyroid glands in mammals: rodents (rattus norvergicus albinus, mus musculus, cavia porcellus, lagomorpha (lepus cuniculus), carnivora (canis familiaris and felis domestica), xenarthra (dasypus novemcinctus)]. | | 1969 | 5258276 |
| glutamic acid decarboxylase in mycobacterium leprae. | suspensions of mycobacterium leprae purified from the organs (mostly spleen) of experimentally-infected armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus, linn) decarboxylated 1-(14c) glutamic acid liberating 14co2. the reaction was pyridoxal phosphate-dependent and was inhibited by hydroxylamine, suggesting that it is a true amino acid decarboxylase. loss of the activity at higher temperatures indicated the enzymatic nature of the reaction. excess substrate or substrate analogs inhibited the decarboxylase where ... | 1983 | 6137201 |
| attempt to infect the nine-banded armadillo with treponema pallidum. | 10 nine-banded armadillos were infected by various routes with treponema pallidum, nichols strain. the animals did not demonstrate visible lesions but 4/7 animals responded with increasing titers of treponemal antibodies. cardiolipin antibodies were not detected. | 1983 | 6337963 |
| mycobacterium leprae infection in nude mice: bacteriological and histological responses to primary infection and large inocula. | previous studies have demonstrated that congenitally athymic, nude mice are highly susceptible to infection with mycobacterium leprae. in this study, we showed that footpad inoculation of nude mice with different inoculum sizes of m. leprae resulted in exponential growth of bacilli until bacillary numbers reached approximately 10(10) bacilli per footpad. there was dissemination of the infection from approximately 10 months after inoculation. when nude mice were compared with thymectomized and ir ... | 1983 | 6339392 |
| leprosy in wild armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) of the texas gulf coast: epidemiology and mycobacteriology. | a significant prevalence of leprosy has been demonstrated in wild louisiana armadillos. the texas gulf coast still has endemic human leprosy, and recent mores in texas have markedly increased armadillo-human contact. armadillos were screened by physical examination, and by ear-snip and slit-scrape technique. animals that screened "positive" were sacrificed and necropsied under aseptic conditions. liver, spleen, gross lesions, and four groups of lymph nodes were cultured for mycobacteria and were ... | 1983 | 6350581 |
| leprosy in wild armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) on the texas gulf coast. ultrastructure of the liver and spleen. | recent studies have established that the "naturally-occurring leprosy-like disease of wild armadillos" is, indeed, caused by mycobacterium leprae indistinguishable from m. leprae from human lepromatous leprosy. the present study reports the ultrastructure of the mycobacteria and host response in deep viscera, liver and spleen, in texas armadillos with sylvatic leprosy. evidence for acid-fast bacillary proliferation in these organs and penetration of hepatocytes is given. acid-fast bacilli concen ... | 1983 | 6350703 |
| gaschromatography of constitutive fatty acids in mycobacterium leprae. | a constitutive saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid pattern of mycobacterium leprae, isolated from the liver of a nine-banded armadillo with experimental leprosy, was analyzed gaschromatographically and compared with that of cultured m. lepraemurium, m. avium, m. bovis, strain bcg and m. smegmatis. in comparing the fatty acid pattern thus obtained and the known structure of mycolic acids in these mycobacteria, an experiential rule that each species of mycobacteria has a relatively high conte ... | 1983 | 6353179 |
| an alternative route for infecting armadillos with mycobacterium leprae. | a nine-banded armadillo was inoculated with mycobacterium leprae in both hind footpads. the animals were usually inoculated intravenously, or intradermally in the abdominal skin. profuse multiplication of the bacilli occurred at the injection sites after more than two years. eventually bacteraemia developed, and large numbers of the organisms were found in skin biopsies and in lymph nodes. there was limited dissemination of the bacteria into the spleen and the liver, and peripheral nerve invasio ... | 1984 | 6369076 |
| immunization against leprosy: progress and prospects. | the limitations of the current approach to leprosy control through mass treatment of patients are well recognized. the long incubation period of the disease, the insidious onset, the chronic course, and the need for prolonged treatment have made control a formidable task. the recent years have seen tremendous progress in the field of immunology of leprosy, and the availability of large quantities of mycobacterium leprae, grown in the nine-banded armadillo, has given impetus to the search for a v ... | 1984 | 6370487 |
| ultrastructural features of macrophages of armadillos infected with actively multiplying mycobacterium leprae. | experimental leprosy lesions in the armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) were studied by freeze etching and ultrathin sectioning. infected macrophages have distinct intracytoplasmic foamy structures in the form of spherical droplets accumulated around multiplying bacilli. this finding is the same as those observed in human lepra cells and nude mice macrophages infected with m. leprae. | 1984 | 6373628 |
| electron microscopic study of leprosy in a mangabey monkey (natural infection). | ultrastructural features of the leproma of a) a naturally infected mangabey monkey, and lepromas and liver of b) a passage mangabey monkey, c) a rhesus monkey, d) an african green monkey, and e) a nine-banded armadillo inoculated with leprosy bacilli isolated from the leproma of a naturally infected mangabey monkey were studied by the freeze-etching technique. the size, shape, and ultrastructural features of leprosy bacilli in the phagolysosomes of macrophages in all of these samples were essent ... | 1984 | 6373629 |
| leprosy--in pursuit of a vaccine. | clinical leprosy is characterized by varying manifestations between tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. in the former state the patient is able to elicit a cell-mediated immune response whereas in the latter, there is usually a humoral response. an understanding of this immunological balance is crucial in the search for a vaccine which will control the disease. the development of a possible anti-mycobacterium leprae vaccine has been advanced by the isolation of organisms from the infected tissu ... | 1984 | 6397930 |
| characterization of mycobacterium leprae by lipid analysis. | the lipid composition of the leprosy bacillus, harvested from experimentally infected nine-banded armadillos, strongly supports it status as a distinct species of the genus mycobacterium. phthiocerol dimycocerosate waxes and glycosylated phenophthiocerol dimycocerosates are distinct from those characterised from a number of other mycobacteria. the polar lipids of a single isolate lack diacylated forms of phosphatidylinositol di- and pentamannosides, lipids usually found in most mycobacteria. a s ... | 1984 | 6398576 |
| anion-exchange separation for neotropical trypanosomes: a preliminary trial and a description of trypanosoma devei from the tamarin saguinus midas niger. | anion-exchange separation trials using deae-cellulose columns were performed with blood from two single species of marsupial and edentate, three species of rodent and single species of carnivore, primate, cayman and lizard. trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from didelphis marsupialis, dasypus novemcinctus and coendou sp. t. (megatrypanum) devei was isolated from the tamarin saguinus midas niger and the mensural characters of the organism were redescribed. anion-exchange separation was considered to ... | 1984 | 6429961 |
| paecilomyces lilacinus (thom) samson, from systemic infection in an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | paecilomyces lilacinus was recovered in culture from pulmonary lesions and other internal organs of a captive armadillo. impression films and smears of the lung tissue revealed numerous budding yeast-like cells, many of them appearing encapsulated and resembling intracellular forms of histoplasma capsulatum. yeast-like forms developed in culture on appropriate media at 35 degrees c. the armadillo isolate was compared in culture at both 27 degrees c and 35 degrees c with bamboo rat and human isol ... | 1984 | 6539506 |
| leprosy in wild armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) on the texas gulf coast: anatomic pathology. | recent studies of the "naturally occurring leprosy-like disease of wild armadillos" establish that the causative bacillus is genetically identical to m. leprae from human sources, and thus the disease is a zoonosis, sylvatic leprosy. a recent survey of 451 wild armadillos from the texas gulf coast demonstrated sylvatic leprosy in 4.66%. this companion study reports the anatomic pathologic changes seen in the 17 leprous and 17 nonleprous armadillos necropsied in that survey. findings support prev ... | 1983 | 6644691 |
| isolation of leptospira from wild forest animals in amazonian brazil. | the role of wild, forest animals as reservoirs of leptospira was investigated in pará state, north brazil. 696 animals were examined by culture of kidney tissue; isolates of serovar ballum were made from the rodent proechimys sp. and the opossum didelphis marsupialis; leptospires of the serogroups hebdomadis, grippotyphosa and cynopteri were isolated from the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus, and as yet untyped leptospires were isolated from proechimys and the procyonid carnivore nasua nasua. anti ... | 1984 | 6710564 |
| isolation of non-cultivable acid-fast bacilli in sphagnum and moss vegetation by foot pad technique in mice. | in the former leprosy-endemic coastal area of norway, 122 samples of sphagnum and moss vegetation were collected from 6 biotopes and examined for non-cultivable afb by foot pad inoculation. of the 759 foot pads examined, 20% contained non-cultivable afb. a significantly higher frequency was found in a habitat where sphagnum cuspidatum was preponderant, the sphagnum species from which the maximum yield was obtained. the bacteria were polymorphous, solidly staining afb, which multiplied in passage ... | 1980 | 6988344 |
| chagas's disease in the amazon basin: ii. the distribution of trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes 1 and 3 in pará state, north brazil. | in pará state, brazil, 123 trypanosoma cruzi stocks were isolated from 12 silvatic mammal species, five silvatic triatomine species and individuals with acute chagas's disease. 100 t. cruzi stocks were identified as zymodeme (z) 1, 17 as z3 and 6 as z3 with z1 asat character, but none were t. cruzi z2. z1 was predominantly isolated from arboreal mammals, especially didelphis marsupialis; z3 was mainly found in terrestrial or burrowing mammals, particularly dasypus novemcinctus and monodelphis br ... | 1981 | 7036428 |
| [maintenance of armadillos in captivity and results of the inoculation of mycobacterium leprae]. | the authors report their experiences in raising armadillos and the results obtained in inoculating them with m. leprae. they begin by reporting on the origin of the animals, how they were captured, and their efforts until they found the right kind of housing for the armadillos. they also tell of their attempts to develop the correct feeding procedures. the result is the feed used now in their laboratory: chicken feed mixed with bread, eggs, meat and milk. along with this, they report on the way ... | 1980 | 7042562 |
| the mycolic acids of mycobacterium leprae harvested from experimentally infected nine-banded armadillos. | mycolic acid methyl esters were prepared from defatted cells of armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae and analysed by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography, proton magnetic resonance spectrometry and mass spectroscopy. the first type of mycolic acid characterized was an "alpha-mycolate" having two cis-cyclopropane rings, a 78-carbon main component and an overall size-range of 72 to 83 carbons. ketomycolates, with an 83-carbon main component, were the only other type of mycolate ... | 1982 | 7051928 |
| [hemoglobins xlvi: the primary structure of the alpha-chain of armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, edentata) hemoglobin (author's transl)]. | the complete primary structure of the identical alpha-chains of the two hemoglobin components of armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) is presented. it was established on the tryptic peptides by automatic edman degradation. the alignment was done according to the homology with human alpha-chains. 25 differences were found between both chains. a comparison of the functional amino acid residues shows one substitution in the surrounding of the heme, there in the alpha 1 beta 1 - and two in the alpha 1 b ... | 1982 | 7076124 |
| leishmaniasis in brazil: xvii. enzymic characterization of a leishmania from the armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus (edentata), from pará state. | a comparison of enzyme profiles, by starch-gel electrophoresis, has distinguished a leishmania of armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), from pará state, north brazil, from leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, l. braziliensis guyanensis, l. mexicana amazonensis, l. donovani sensu lato (from bahia, brazil), and l. hertigi deanei. the parasite was separated from l. b. braziliensis and l. b. guyanensis by 8 of the 14 enzymes used (asat, alat, pgm, gpi, g6pd, pep, mpi and gd), although differences in t ... | 1982 | 7164148 |
| isolation of histoplasma capsulatum from an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) in the eastern amazon of brazil. | | 1982 | 7179429 |
| [pathomorphologic changes in the internal organs of intact and mycobacterium leprae-infected 9-banded armadillos]. | the internal organs of nine-banded armadillos were examined histologically before and after inoculation of the animals with m. leprae. 3--4 months after the inoculation two animals developed tuberculoid structures in the lungs, liver and skin. a conclusion is made that experimental leprosy infection in nine-banded armadillos may run its course not only in the lepromatous but also in the tuberculoid form of the disease. | 1981 | 7295954 |
| leishmaniasis in brazil: xvi. isolation and identification of leishmania species from sandflies, wild mammals and man in north para state, with particular reference to l. braziliensis guyanensis causative agent of "pian-bois". | a total of 125 wild mammals (14 different species) were examined for evidence of infection with leishmania in an area of primary forest highly endemic for "pian-bois", due to leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, in north pará state, brazil. parasites isolated were characterized biologically, and biochemically on enzymic profiles. l. b. guyanensis was isolated from the viscera of one lesser anteater (tamandua tetradactyla) and one opossum (didelphis marsupialis), and the skin of one rodent (proech ... | 1981 | 7324128 |