| occurrence of yersinia enterocolitica in wild-living birds and japanese serows. | yersinia spp. were isolated from 34 of 500 birds representing nine species. the highest isolation rate, 5 of 21 (23.8%), was found in blue magpies (cyanopia cyanus), followed by pheasants (phasianus colchicus tohkaidi), 5 of 33 (15.2%); gray starlings (sturnus cineraceus), 6 of 57 (10.5%); tree sparrows (passer montanus), 1 of 14 (7.1%); bulbuls (hypsipetes amaurotis), 4 of 57 (7.0%); crows (corvus levailantii or corvus corone), 7 of 117 (6.0%); eastern turtledoves (streptopelia orientalis), 4 o ... | 1985 | 3977310 |
| the survival of microfungi in the nests of tree-sparrow (passer montanus l.) in the nest-boxes over the winter season. | | 1974 | 4216854 |
| histochemical demonstration of monoamine oxidase in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the tree sparrow and the rat. | | 1965 | 5869895 |
| small passerines can discriminate ultraviolet surface colours. | hollow-dwelling passerine birds were tested for uv surface colour discrimination by using the instinct to bring food to nestlings that makes a bird search for the nest under changing conditions. the experiments were carried out on breeding pairs of pied flycatcher (muscicapa hypoleuca), great tit (parus major) and tree sparrow (passer montanus) in the wild by the method of alternative choice of entrance into a double nesting-box with the nestlings in one or the other section. the entrances were ... | 1994 | 8023465 |
| antibodies to alphavirus, flavivirus, and bunyavirus arboviruses in house sparrows (passer domesticus) and tree sparrows (p. montanus) in poland. | sparrows from central poland were examined by a hemagglutination-inhibition test (titer > or = 20) for the presence of antibodies to arboviruses, between 1995 and 1996. in house sparrows (passer domesticus) (n = 179), antibodies to sindbis, west nile, tick-borne encephalitis, tahyna, and calovo viruses were detected at seroprevalences of 1.1%, 2.8%, 1.1%, 2.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. in tree sparrows (p. montanus) (n = 33), antibodies to the sindbis, west nile, and tahyna viruses were detected ... | 1998 | 9533098 |
| selective isolation of pseudomonas stutzeri from vertebrate faeces on rambach agar. | faecal samples collected from 308 wild birds of 25 species and 19 rodents of 3 species in south moravia (czechland) were pre-incubated in müller-kauffmann tetrathionate broth at 42 degrees c for 24 h and then streaked onto rambach agar plates which were incubated at 37 degrees c for 48 h. seventeen out of 22 isolates forming orange-red colonies on rambach agar were identified as pseudomonas stutzeri, the rest as pseudomonas sp. and alcaligenes sp. the colonies of p. stutzeri were either dry, wri ... | 1998 | 9861678 |
| long-term study of chlamydophilosis in slovenia. | immune reactivity for chlamydophila (c.) psittaci in slovenia was monitored in parrots, canaries, finches and nine species of recently captured free-living birds (house sparrows, eurasian goldfinches, tree sparrows, chaffinches, european greenfinches, european serines, eurasian siskins, eurasian linnets and eurasian bullfinches) in the period from 1991 to 2001. in subsequent years, specific igg antibodies were found using immunofluorescence in parrots (0.7-53.6%), canaries (0.0-3.5%), finches (0 ... | 2005 | 15943063 |
| gizzard spirurid nematode acuaria skrjabini in japanese tree sparrows and a gray starling from tokyo. | gastrointestinal helminths were collected from 49 japanese tree sparrows (passer montanus saturatus) in tokyo, japan. in 16 sparrows, 1-9 (average, 3.5) gizzard spirurid nematodes (acuaria skrjabini ozerskaya, 1926) were found embedded in the mucosa of the gizzard. in addition, capillaria sp., platynosomum passeri yamashita et tsumura, 1962, and a hymenolepidid cestode were collected from 1, 2, and 1 sparrows, respectively. a sexually mature a. skrjabini female and 3 males were found also in a y ... | 2005 | 15997189 |
| arsenic speciation in terrestrial birds from yellowknife, northwest territories, canada: the unexpected finding of arsenobetaine. | the surrounding area of yellowknife, northwest territories, canada, is known for naturally and anthropogenically elevated concentrations of arsenic. five bird species (gray jay [perisoreus canadensis], american tree sparrow [spizella arborea], dark-eyed junco [junco hyemalis], yellow-rumped warbler [dendroica coronata], and spruce grouse [dendragapus canadensis]) were collected from this area. their tissues were analyzed for total arsenic and for arsenic species, allowing us to report, to our kn ... | 2005 | 16117124 |
| an investigation of arsenic compounds in fur and feathers using x-ray absorption spectroscopy speciation and imaging. | the accumulation of arsenic in fur and feathers has been used as an indicator of environmental quality and animal health. however, difficulties remain in distinguishing between arsenic present from external sources versus ingestion. in addition, low extraction efficiencies limit the complete characterization of arsenic compounds in such tissues by conventional analytical techniques (e.g. high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, hplc-icp-ms). x-ray abso ... | 2008 | 17988717 |
| west nile virus antibodies in permanent resident and overwintering migrant birds in south-central kansas. | we conducted serological studies, using epitope-blocking elisas directed at west nile virus (wnv) and flavivirus antibodies, of wild birds in south-central kansas, the first for this state, in the winters of 2003-04 through 2005-06. overwintering migratory species (primarily the american tree sparrow and dark-eyed junco) consistently showed significantly lower seropositivity than permanent residents (primarily the northern cardinal). the cardinal showed annual variation in seropositivity between ... | 2008 | 18471059 |
| avian haemosporidian parasites infection in wild birds inhabiting minami-daito island of the northwest pacific, japan. | haemosporidian parasites infection among wild birds inhabiting minami-daito island was studied. blood films from 183 birds representing 4 species of 4 families were examined microscopically. avian haemosporidian parasites were detected in 3 species with an overall prevalence of 59.6%. none of the 30 daito scops owls (otus scops interpositus) examined were infected. either haemoproteus sp. or plasmodium sp. infection was found in 14 of 31 (45.2%) borodino islands white-eyes (zosterops japonicus d ... | 2008 | 18525175 |
| [interpretation of the epizootic outbreak among wild and domestic birds in the south of the european part of russia in december 2007]. | the paper presents the results of interpreting the epizootic outbreak etiologically associated with high-virulent influenza virus a/h5n1 among domestic and wild birds in the zernogradsky and tselinsky districts of the rostov region. epizooty was characterized by a high infection rate in the synanthropic birds of a ground-based complex. rt-pct revealed influenza virus a/h5 in 60% of pigeons and crows and in around 20% of starlings, and in 10% of tree sparrows. fifteen viral strains from chickens ... | 2008 | 18756811 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in house sparrows (passer domesticus) and tree sparrows (p. montanus). | synanthropic sparrows in poland and the czech republic were tested for toxoplasma gondii antibodies by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (titre>/=10). t. gondii antibodies were demonstrated in 12.3% of 227 house sparrows (passer domesticus) and 4.9% of 41 tree sparrows (passer montanus). | 1997 | 18483947 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infection causing mortality in eurasian tree sparrows (passer montanus) in hokkaido. | | 2008 | 18362416 |
| new genotype of avian influenza h5n1 viruses isolated from tree sparrows in china. | the 2004 outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 disease in china led to a great poultry loss and society attention. a survey of avian influenza viruses was conducted on tree sparrows (passer montanus) collected in china in 2004. four viruses were isolated from free-living tree sparrows. the results of the whole-genome analysis indicated that an h5n1 virus with a new genotype is circulating among tree sparrows. the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the new genotype were derive ... | 2005 | 16306617 |
| investigation of outbreaks of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza in waterfowl and wild birds in hong kong in late 2002. | outbreaks of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza have occurred in hong kong in chickens and other gallinaceous poultry in 1997, 2001, twice in 2002 and 2003. high mortality rates were seen in gallinaceous birds but not in domestic or wild waterfowl or other wild birds until late 2002 when highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza occurred in waterfowl (geese, ducks and swans), captive greater flamingo (phoenicopterus ruber) and other wild birds (little egret egretta garzetta) at two waterfowl pa ... | 2004 | 15545029 |
| thyroid hormone-dependent seasonality in american tree sparrows (spizella arborea): effects of gc-1, a thyroid receptor beta-selective agonist, and of iopanoic acid, a deiodinase inhibitor. | to explore the role of th in the control of seasonality [i.e., photoperiodic testicular growth, photorefractoriness, and postnuptial (prebasic) molt] in american tree sparrows (spizella arborea), we performed experiments in which thx males were simultaneously photostimulated and given th replacement therapy. in the first experiment, equimolar concentrations (1x = 1.3 nmol) of t4, t3, or gc-1, an iodine-free trbeta agonist, were administered s.c. daily during the first 21 days of photostimulation ... | 2004 | 15235810 |
| three new species of the ectoparasitic mites of the genus syringophiloidus kethley, 1970 (acari: syringophilidae) from passeriform birds from slovakia. | three new quill mite species of the genus syringophiloidus kethley, 1970 (acari: syringophilidae) from slovakia are described and figured: s. bombycillae sp. n. from the waxwing bombycilla garrulus (l.) (passeriformes: bombycillidae), s. schoeniclus sp. n. from the reed bunting emberiza schoeniclus l. (passcriformes: emberizidae) and s. montanus sp. n. from the tree sparrow passer monlanus (l.) (passeriformes: ploceidae). a key to all known species of the genus syringophiloidus is given. | 2002 | 12641205 |
| a test of the hypothesis that t3 is the "seasonality" thyroid hormone in american tree sparrows (spizella arborea): intracerebroventricular infusion of iopanoic acid, an inhibitor of t3 synthesis and degradation. | this study tested the hypothesis that l-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) is the bioactive "seasonality" thyroid hormone in american tree sparrows (spizella (arborea). the experimental approach coupled thyroid hormone replacement therapy after radiothyroidectomy with photostimulation and intracerebroventricular infusion of iopanoic acid, an inhibitor of l-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine synthesis and degradation. endpoints were testis length, molt score, and hypothalamic content of chicken gonadotropin-relea ... | 2001 | 11302527 |
| thyroid hormone acts centrally to programme photostimulated male american tree sparrows (spizella arborea) for vernal and autumnal components of seasonality. | thyroid hormone and long days interact to programme american tree sparrows (spizella arborea) for seasonality (i.e. thyroid hormone-dependent photoperiodic gonadal growth, photorefractoriness, and postnuptial moult). this study explored in radiothyroidectomized (thx) males given thyroid hormone replacement therapy whether thyroid hormone acts within the brain and, additionally, the identity of the putative tissue-active thyroid hormone. the minimum dose (30 ng) of l-thyroxine (t4) that restored ... | 2000 | 10692147 |
| an h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated from a local tree sparrow in indonesia. | we report the isolation of an h5n1 influenza a virus from a tree sparrow (passer montanus) captured in east java, indonesia in 2010. its hemagglutinin and neuraminidase were genetically similar to that of human isolates from 2006-2007 in indonesia. the finding of a tree sparrow h5n1 virus that possesses genetically similar surface molecules to those of human viruses highlights the importance of monitoring resident wild birds as well as migratory birds for pandemic preparedness. | 2011 | 21699556 |
| long days and thyroxine program american tree sparrows for seasonality: evidence for temporal flexibility of the breeding season of euthyroid females. | to explore the role of the thyroid in the control of seasonality, photosensitive female american tree sparrows (spizella arborea) were thyroidectomized (thx), moved to long days, and given daily injections of thyroxine (t4) for 3 weeks; thx and thyroid-intact (thi) controls received daily injections of alkaline vehicle. birds were retained on long days 4 additional weeks and then moved to constant light and given t4 in drinking water for 5 weeks in order to test for photorefractoriness. endpoint ... | 1999 | 9882552 |
| effects of thyroxine (t4) or triiodothyronine (t3) replacement therapy on the programming of seasonal reproduction and postnuptial molt in thyroidectomized male american tree sparrows (spizella arborea) exposed to long days. | this study tested the hypothesis that t3 (triiodothyronine) is the tissue-active "seasonality" hormone by determining whether t3 could mimic t4 (thyroxine) and program photostimulated thyroidectomized (thx) male american tree sparrows (spizella arborea) for three components of seasonality (i.e., full-blown testicular growth, photorefractoriness, and postnuptial molt). photosensitive males were radiothyroidectomized, transferred to long days 4 weeks later, and administered 14 daily injections (s. ... | 1997 | 9360316 |
| the timing of thyroid-dependent programming in seasonally breeding male american tree sparrows (spizella arborea). | there is convincing evidence that euthyroid male american tree sparrows are already programmed for seasonal reproduction and postnuptial molt by week 4 of photostimulation. to explore more precisely when, during early photostimulation, thyroid-dependent programming of seasonal events occurs, photosensitive male tree sparrows were radiothyroidectomized or sham thyroidectomized on the first day of photostimulation (week 0) or at weeks 1 or 3 thereafter. birds were monitored for testicular growth a ... | 1996 | 8812339 |
| first report of genotyping of toxoplasma gondii isolates from wild birds in china. | abstract toxoplasma gondii is an important cosmopolitan opportunistic protozoan parasite, which threatens the health of human beings and animals. genetic characterization of isolates from south america has revealed high genetic diversity. in contrast, isolates from north america and europe were highly clonal with 3 major lineages known as the types i, ii, and iii. however, limited information on t. gondii genotypes has been reported in the people's republic of china. in this study, we conducte ... | 2012 | 22263675 |
| thyroid dysfunction and thyroxine-dependent programming of photoinduced ovarian growth in american tree sparrows (spizella arborea). | the time course of thyroid dysfunction after injecting 0.30 mci na131i was charted in female american tree sparrows (spizella arborea) transferred to long days on day 0 and challenged with 30 micrograms bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone on postinjection days 4, 7, 46, and 105. serum t4 (l-thyroxine) was not detectable in thyroidectomized birds, indicating complete thyroid dysfunction by day 4 and no restoration of thyroid function by day 105. by contrast, serum t4 concentrations in similarly ch ... | 1996 | 8812336 |
| the thyroid and the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis in american tree sparrows (spizella arborea). | prompted by evidence of a linkage between the thyroid gland and seasonal reproduction in obligately photoperiodic american tree sparrows (spizella arborea), we measured circulating t4 (l-thyroxine), hypothalamic cgnrh-i (chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone, variant i), pituitary and plasma lh (luteinizing hormone), and ovarian mass in euthyroid females moved from short to long days. our purpose was to correlate temporal changes in t4 and cgnrh-i with each other and with pituitary and plasma l ... | 1996 | 8812334 |
| campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in wild birds on danish livestock farms. | reducing the occurrence of campylobacteriosis is a food safety issue of high priority, as in recent years it has been the most commonly reported zoonosis in the eu. livestock farms are of particular interest, since cattle, swine and poultry are common reservoirs of campylobacter spp. the farm environment provides attractive foraging and breeding habitats for some bird species reported to carry thermophilic campylobacter spp. we investigated the campylobacter spp. carriage rates in 52 wild bird s ... | 2016 | 26842400 |
| [epizootiology and pathogenesis of avian mycobacteriosis in the house sparrow (passer domesticus) and tree sparrow (passer montanus)]. | the occurrence and extension of avian mycobacteriosis in house-sparrows (p. domesticus) and mountain-sparrows (p. montanus) have been followed under different epidemiological conditions. out of 2.929 totally examined house-sparrow pathological changes of tuberculosis were found in 3 (0.10%) animals and in 14 (0.48%) animals the mycobacteria were isolated. by an examination of 544 mountain-sparrow the mycobacteria in 12 (2.20%) cases and in 1 case were isolated and the mycobacteria were found in ... | 1993 | 8116139 |
| [adrenergic neuromuscular junctions in the cerebral arteries of birds]. | by means of the histochemical and electron microscopical methods, adrenergic innervation of the middle cerebral artery and its branches have been investigated in three sparrows (passer montanus), blue rock pigeons (columba livia), hens (gallus domestica), hazel-grouses (tetrastes bonasia), large billed crows (corvus levaillantii), ducks (anas domestica) and slaty backed gulls (larus schistisagus). neuromuscular connections in all the birds investigated have similar organizational features. some ... | 1985 | 4091667 |
| [hemoglobin of tree sparrows (passer montanus, passeriformes): sequence of the major (hb a) and minor (hb d) components]. | blood of the adult tree sparrow (passer montanus) contains two hemoglobin components, hb a (ca. 85%), hb d (ca. 15%). they differ in their alpha-chains (alpha a, alpha d), the beta-chains are identical. the complete primary structures of alpha a-, alpha d- and beta-chains are presented. comparison with the greylag goose (anser anser) hemoglobin (hb a) showed that the alpha a-chains differ by 22 amino-acid exchanges, the beta-chains by 16. comparison with the minor component of the pheasant (phas ... | 1985 | 4074502 |
| [comparative studies of paramyxovirus isolates from wild birds]. | as a result of a surveillance programme in north-germany, paramyxovirus-isolates of serogroup 1 with different pathogenicity were isolated from different species of feral birds (black-headed gull, mallard, tawny owl, tree sparrow, mute swan). in chick embryo fibroblast monolayers these isolates produced plaques exhibiting different plaque morphology. after cloning the isolates, further physicochemical, serological and pathogenicity testings were performed. on the basis of mean death time and int ... | 1989 | 2763760 |
| the hemoglobins of the adult blackbird (turdus merula, passeriformes). the sequence of the major (hba) and minor component (hbd). | the blood of the adult blackbird contains one major hemoglobin component (hba = alpha a2, beta 2, ca. 80%) and one minor one (hbd = alpha d2 beta 2, ca. 20%). the hb-components were separated by fplc on a tsk sp-5 pw column, and eluted with a linear nacl gradient, while the globin chains were purified on a cation exchange (cm-cellulose). tryptic peptides from the globin chains were separated by hplc on an rp-2 lichrosorb column. the complete amino acid sequence was determined by automatic edman ... | 1989 | 2757791 |
| [isolation of the influenza virus from the tree sparrow and a study of the infectivity of this virus in wild birds of the central dnieper river area]. | an influenza virus belonging to the serovariant a/h3n2 and registered as a/sparrow/ukraine/83 was isolated from a member of synanthropic birds, a tree sparrow, near kanev. this virus showed low pathogenicity and immunologic activity in experimental infection of sparrows and other birds. sera from a number of avian and mammal species had antibodies to this virus which indicates that synanthropic and semi-synanthropic birds may be a connecting link in spread of influenza virus. | 1985 | 2420068 |
| [fleas from the nests of passer domesticus and passer montanus]. | in the years 1986-1988 102 nests of passer domesticus and 113 nests of p. montanus were collected from słupsk, warszawa and its surrounding. ceratophyllus gallinae was found in 55 nests of p. domesticus and in 74 nests of p. montanus: c. fringillae in 13 nests of p. domesticus. the highest mean number of c. gallinae per nest was recorded in nest of p. domesticus (11.9), lower in nest of p. montanus (5.9). the highest percentage of nests with fleas and the highest mean number of fleas per nest we ... | 1991 | 1823499 |
| [effect of cold on catecholamine concentration in the great pectoral muscle of sparrows]. | birds (passer montanus, p. domesticus, fringilla coelebs) kept in open-air cages in leningrad during winter, do not differ in total catecholamine content from avian species (p. domesticus, serinus canaria) which were kept under laboratory conditions at 15--20 degrees. in the sparrow p. montanus, no significaut seasonal changes were observed in catecholamine content; however repetitive cooling up to--10 degrees only at night increased twice the content of catecholamines (especially, noradrenalin) ... | 1976 | 983576 |
| natural and experimental infections of japanese tree sparrows with japanese encephalitis virus. | 20 to 37 per cent of wild japanese tree sparrows had neutralizing antibodies to japanese encephalitis virus (jev). sparrows free of antibodies were inoculated with 10,000 plaque-forming units of jev. none of the birds became clinically ill. virus could be detected in blood plasma during the first 3 days after inoculation but not thereafter. neutralizing antibodies started to appear at 4 days after inoculation and the response was of variable duration, in some cases extending up to 200 days after ... | 1975 | 174531 |
| [new hosts of some nematodes--parasites of passeriformes]. | parasitic nematodes very rarely exist in birds that are completely or predominantly herbivorous. the investigation of the helminth fauna of passeriformes in the region of lower silesia revealed new hosts for some nematode species. we found in acrocephalus scirpaceus--acuaria subula and microtetrameres inermis; in fringilla coelebs and in luscinia megarhynchos--dispharynx nasuta; in passer montanus--capillaria angusta; in phylloscopus trochiloides--acuaria subula as well in phylloscopus collybita ... | 2008 | 19055064 |
| characterization of h5n1 influenza a viruses isolated from domestic green-winged teal. | two avian influenza virus strains, a/domestic green-winged teal/hunan/67/2005 (h5n1) (d-gwt/67) and a/domestic green-winged teal/hunan/79/2005 (h5n1) (d-gwt/79), were isolated from healthy domestic green-winged teals (anas crecca) in hunan province, south china. genomic analysis showed that both isolates were reassortants. the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of the two isolates were closely related to that of an h5n1 strain isolated from tree sparrow (a/tree sparrow/henan/1/04). the neuraminidase (na) ... | 2009 | 18825495 |
| seasonal changes in adrenocortical responses to acute stress in eurasian tree sparrow (passer montanus) on the tibetan plateau: comparison with house sparrow (p. domesticus) in north america and with the migratory p. domesticus in qinghai province. | seasonal modulation of the adrenocortical response to stress appears to be ubiquitous in arctic-breeding and temperate-zone-breeding birds, but has not been well investigated in alpine-breeding species at mid-latitude. we examined the adrenocortical response to acute stress (capture, handling and restraint) in populations of eurasian tree sparrow (passer montanus) among seasons and migratory house sparrow (p. domesticus bactrianus) in pre-breeding on the qinghai-xizang plateau (the tibetan plate ... | 2008 | 18588892 |
| avian seed preference and weight loss experiments: the effect of fungal endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds. | the impact of endophytic fungus-infected seeds on seed predators is poorly understood. in this multiple trophic level investigation, seed preference experiments were conducted to determine whether five species of passerines (dark-eyed juncos, junco hyemalis; american tree sparrows, spizella arborea; song sparrows, melospiza melodia; chipping sparrows, spizella pusilla; and house sparrows, passer domesticus) recognize and preferentially consume noninfected (ni) over infected (i) seeds of tall fes ... | 1991 | 28312146 |
| detection of avian plasmodium spp. dna sequences from mosquitoes captured in minami daito island of japan. | several species of birds in minami daito island, an oceanic island located in the far south from the main islands of japan, were found to be infected with avian plasmodium. however, no vector species of the avian malaria in this island have been revealed yet. to speculate potential vectors, we collected mosquitoes there and investigated using a pcr procedure whether the mosquitoes harbor avian malaria or not. totally 1,264 mosquitoes including 9 species were collected during march 2006 to februa ... | 2008 | 19057139 |
| [genetic polymorphism of blood protein of six passeriformes species in zhalong national nature reserve]. | the polymorphism of hemoglobin (hb), serum albumin (alb), trandferring (tf) and adenosin deaminase (ada) in the blood of emberiza elegans, phylloscopus inornatus, e. aureola, lanius tigrinus, passer montanus, and e. spodocephala in zhalong national nature reserve were studied by sds-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. all the protein loci of the six passeriformes species exhibited polymorphism, and ada locus had a relatively high heterozygosity. the analysis of average heterozygosity demonstrate ... | 2009 | 19795660 |
| [correlation between trace element content of eggshell and breeding characteristics of three bird species in northeast china]. | the contents of trace elements in the eggshells of emberiza jankowskii, parus major and passer montanus were examined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (faas), and the correlations between these trace elements of eggshell and breeding characteristics of the three bird species were studied. in the meantime, the optimum parameters of faas were studied, and no cross effect were observed among the five trace elements. the recovery rates of standard addition of mn, mg, cu, fe and zn were 9 ... | 2009 | 19798988 |
| characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 clade 2.3.4 virus isolated from a tree sparrow. | the spread of h5n1 virus into a wide range of avian and mammalian species may facilitate the adaptation of the virus to human populations. in the present study, a survey of avian influenza virus in tree sparrows was performed and a hpai h5n1 virus (a/tree sparrow/jiangsu/1/08) was isolated. the h5n1 virus was found to be a genotype v variant belonging to clade 2.3.4, which had newly emerged in southern china in 2005. genetic analysis showed that it had a close relation with a/jiangsu/1/07 (h5n1) ... | 2010 | 19804800 |
| host-feeding habits of culex pipiens and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) collected at the urban and suburban residential areas of japan. | to evaluate the vectorial capacity of mosquitoes for viruses in japan, the host-feeding habits of the mosquitoes were analyzed by sequencing polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of the cytochrome b and 16s ribosomal rna regions of the mitochondrial dna of 516 mosquitoes of 15 species from seven genera that were collected from residential areas during 2003-2006. culex pipiens l. and aedes albopictus skuse were the most commonly collected species in urban and suburban residential areas. a ... | 2010 | 20496592 |
| are summit metabolism and thermogenic endurance correlated in winter-acclimatized passerine birds? | small birds exhibiting marked winter improvement of cold tolerance also show elevated summit metabolic rates (maximum cold-induced metabolic rate) in winter relative to summer. however, relatively large increases in cold tolerance can occur with only minor increments of maximum cold-induced metabolic rate and geographic variation in cold tolerance is not always positively correlated with variation in maximum cold-induced metabolic rate. thus, it is uncertain whether maximum cold-induced metaboli ... | 2001 | 11585259 |
| evidence for a proximate influence of winter temperature on metabolism in passerine birds. | the roles of ultimate and proximate factors in regulating basal and summit metabolic rates of passerine birds during winter have received little study, and the extent to which winter temperatures affect these variables is unknown. to address this question, we measured basal and summit (maximum cold-induced) metabolic rates in black-capped chickadees (poecile atricapillus), dark-eyed juncos (junco hyemalis), and american tree sparrows (spizella arborea) during winters from 1991/1992 to 1997 in so ... | 2008 | 10521324 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of spotted munia lonchura punctulata topela (passeriformes: estrildidae). | spotted munia lonchura punctulata is a sparrow-sized estrildid finch native to tropical asia. in this study, we used pcr-based method to determine the complete mitochondrial genome of lonchura punctulata topela. the mitochondrial genome of spotted munia is a 16 824-bp circular molecule, which contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, two rrnas, and 22 trnas) and a 1247-bp a + t- rich region. the gene arrangement pattern is identical to taeniopygia guttata and passer monta ... | 2016 | 26162053 |
| physiological trade-offs in self-maintenance: plumage molt and stress physiology in birds. | trade-offs between self-maintenance processes can affect life-history evolution. integument replacement and the stress response both promote self-maintenance and affect survival in vertebrates. relationships between the two processes have been studied most extensively in birds, where hormonal stress suppression is down regulated during molt in seasonal species, suggesting a resource-based trade-off between the two processes. the only species found to differ are the rock dove and eurasian tree sp ... | 2011 | 21795575 |
| differential host gene responses in mice infected with two highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype h5n1 isolated from wild birds in thailand. | in thailand, highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses of subtype h5n1 had been isolated from various wild birds during the hpai outbreak in poultries. in this study, we examined the pathogenicity of two wild bird isolates (a/pigeon/thailand/vsmu-7-npt/2004; pigeon04 and a/tree sparrow/ratchaburi/vsmu-16-rbr/2005; t.sparrow05) in mice. they showed similar replication in several organs and lethal outcome. however, on day 3 post-infection, pigeon04 induced mrna expression of proinflammatory ... | 2011 | 21251691 |
| ecology and phylogeny of birds foraging at outdoor restaurants in sweden. | birds frequently visit the outdoor serving areas of restaurants to feed on scraps of food and leftovers. although this feeding association between humans and birds is widespread and could have significant effects, both positive and negative, for all taxa involved, the authors know of no published studies that have investigated restaurant bird communities. to lay the foundation for future research, the authors conducted a basic study of birds at 80 outdoor restaurants in sweden, identifying which ... | 2015 | 26491395 |
| comparison of adrenocortical responses to acute stress in lowland and highland eurasian tree sparrows (passer montanus): similar patterns during the breeding, but different during the prebasic molt. | previous studies indicate most free-living avian species in both extreme and temperate environments seasonally modulate the adrenocortical responses to acute stress, and those breeding in harsh environments always express reduced adrenocortical responses, which may allow them to obtain maximal reproductive success. however, recent investigations showing a human commensal species, house sparrows (passer domesticus), expressed similar corticosterone (cort) responses in both benign and harsh enviro ... | 2011 | 21815272 |
| host cytokine responses of pigeons infected with highly pathogenic thai avian influenza viruses of subtype h5n1 isolated from wild birds. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) of the h5n1 subtype has been reported to infect pigeons asymptomatically or induce mild symptoms. however, host immune responses of pigeons inoculated with hpaivs have not been well documented. to assess host responses of pigeons against hpaiv infection, we compared lethality, viral distribution and mrna expression of immune related genes of pigeons infected with two hpaivs (a/pigeon/thailand/vsmu-7-npt/2004; pigeon04 and a/tree sparrow/ratchaburi/ ... | 2011 | 21826229 |
| eurasian tree sparrows, risk for h5n1 virus spread and human contamination through buddhist ritual: an experimental approach. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus has dramatically spread throughout southeast asia since its first detection in 1997. merit release birds, such as the eurasian tree sparrow, are believed to increase one's positive karma when kissed and released during buddhist rituals. since these birds are often in close contact with both poultry and humans, we investigated their potential role in the spread of h5n1 virus. | 2011 | 22164310 |
| [avian diversity and bird strike risk at fuyang airport]. | from june 2008 to january 2010, a survey of avian communities was conducted in five habitats (grassland, farmland, town, wetland, and woodland) at fuyang airport and its surrounding areas, with the diversity indices in different seasons and different habitats analyzed. a total of 122 avian species belonging to 15 orders and 40 families were recorded. at fuyang airport, the avian species number was significantly higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, the avian density was the high ... | 2011 | 22007473 |
| on control of spontaneous testicular regression in tree sparrows (spizella arborea). | | 2015 | 4649163 |
| hypothalamic neurosecretion and photoinduced testicular growth in the tree sparrow, spizella arborea. | | 2014 | 4177450 |
| avian influenza virus h5n1 induces rapid interferon-beta production but shows more potent inhibition to retinoic acid-inducible gene i expression than h1n1 in vitro. | the mechanisms through which the avian influenza virus h5n1 modulate the host's innate immune defense during invasion, remains incompletely understood. rig-i as a pattern recognition receptor plays an important role in mediating innate immune response induced by influenza virus. so, modulating rig-i might be adopted as a strategy by influenza virus to antagonize the host's innate immune defense. | 2012 | 22862800 |
| is a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 fragment recombined in pb1 the key for the epidemic of the novel aiv h7n9 in china, 2013? | a novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus that infects humans was identified in china in 2013. this study is the first to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of genomic recombination, rather than reassortment, which has been the subject of investigation in previously reported studies. | 2016 | 26778522 |
| pathogenesis in eurasian tree sparrows inoculated with h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and experimental virus transmission from tree sparrows to chickens. | small wild birds that routinely enter poultry farms may be possible vectors of asian lineage h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. in this study, we conducted experimental infections using wild-caught eurasian tree sparrows (passer montanus) to evaluate their possible epidemiological involvement in virus transmission. when tree sparrows were intranasally inoculated with the virus at a low or high dose, all sparrows excluding euthanatized birds died within 11 days after inoculation. virus ... | 2013 | 24689175 |
| first data on the genetic diversity of avian haemosporidians in china: cytochrome b lineages of the genera plasmodium and haemoproteus (haemosporida) from gansu province. | a total of 76 birds belonging to 23 species and 14 families was examined for the presence of plasmodium spp. and haemoproteus spp. birds were trapped at four localities in gansu province, china, in june-july 2011. dna was isolated from blood samples and parasite detection, and identification was based on pcr assays and sequences of 479 bp of cyt b gene. the total prevalence of haemosporidians was 21.0%. haemoproteus spp. were detected in 14 birds (prevalence 18.4%). the lineage cyapic1 from cyan ... | 2013 | 23851731 |
| chewing lice of genus ricinus (phthiraptera, ricinidae) deposited at the zoological institute of the russian academy of sciences, saint petersburg, russia, with description of a new species. | we revised a collection of chewing lice deposited at the zoological institute of the russian academy of sciences, saint petersburg, russia. we studied 60 slides with 107 specimens of 10 species of the genus ricinus (de geer, 1778). the collection includes lectotype specimens of ricinus ivanovi blagoveshtchensky, 1951 and of ricinus tugarinovi blagoveshtchensky, 1951. we registered ricinus elongatus olfers, 1816 ex turdus ruficollis, r. ivanovi ex leucosticte tephrocotis and ricinus serratus (dur ... | 2016 | 26902646 |
| [epizootiology and pathogenesis of avian mycobacteriosis in the field rook (corvus frugilegus)]. | the occurrence of avian mycobacteriosis in the rook (c. frugilegus) was investigated in the years 1966-1985. a total of 188 birds captured at three localities of the czech republic were subjected to patho-morphological examination and to culture examination. patho-anatomic lesions were observed in five rooks (2.6%), m. avium was isolated from 10 rooks (5.3%). positive findings occurred in each examined locality. rook sensitivity to m. avium infection was tested by experimental infections. after ... | 1994 | 8053122 |
| keypeck conditioning with reinforcements in two different locations in thrush, tit and sparrow species. | twenty-one individuals each of the species great tits (parus major), blue tits (parus caeruleus), marsh tits (parus palustris), blackbirds (turdus merula), songthrushes (turdus philomelos), tree sparrows (passer montanus) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) were conditioned to a keypeck response by means of food reinforcement. the site where the reward was given was then changed. the number of reinforcements were then counted until the keypeck response followed immediately (within 10 seconds) ... | 1985 | 24896449 |
| flying high: limits to flight performance by sparrows on the qinghai-tibet plateau. | limits to flight performance at high altitude potentially reflect variable constraints deriving from the simultaneous challenges of hypobaric, hypodense and cold air. differences in flight-related morphology and maximum lifting capacity have been well characterized for different hummingbird species across elevational gradients, but relevant within-species variation has not yet been identified in any bird species. here we evaluate load-lifting capacity for eurasian tree sparrow (passer montanus) ... | 2016 | 27609759 |
| knemidocoptes sp. on wild passerines at the mai po nature reserve, hong kong. | free-ranging passerine birds banded at the mai po nature reserve, hong kong, were affected with a skin disease characterized by crusty, proliferative lesions on legs, feet and beaks. based on retrospective examination of 1990 to 1992 banding records, 83 of 16,353 birds and 5 of 161 species banded at mai po were identified as having these lesions. eurasian tree sparrows (passer montanus) were most commonly affected (58 of 411 birds) although 19 of 428 black-faced buntings (emberiza pusilla), 3 of ... | 1994 | 8028111 |
| factors determining presence of passerines breeding within white stork ciconia ciconia nests. | nests of white stork ciconia ciconia are commonly used by various passerines as nesting sites. in this study, we investigated factors determining presence and number of pairs of species breeding within white stork nests in an extensive farmland in ne poland. in 133 (57%) out of 233 white stork nests, we found at least one breeding pair of passerine bird. these were from three species: house sparrows passer domesticus (68% of 133 nests with co-breeding), tree sparrows passer montanus (65%), and s ... | 2017 | 28821917 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the onychostruthus taczanowskii (aves, passeridae) and its phylogenetic analysis. | the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of onychostruthus taczanowskii consisted 16 917 bp, the genome harbored the same gene order with that of other birds, contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trnas, 2 rrnas and 1 non-coding control region. the all trnas formed typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except trna(ser (agn)) and trna(phe). the control region was located between trna(glu) and trna(phe) with 1310 bp in length, which consist of three domains: highly variable domain i, central ... | 2016 | 26153747 |
| sequence and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the saxaul sparrow, passer ammodendri (passeriformes, passeridae). | the complete mitochondrial genome of the saxaul sparrow (passer ammodendri) was 16 782 bp in length. the genbank accession number was kt895996. and the content of a, t, c, and g were 30.08% (5048 bp), 22.91% (3845 bp), 32.08% (5384 bp), and 14.93% (2505 bp), respectively. it contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes, 1 control region and was similar to most of the other passeridae birds in gene arrangement and composition. all protein-coding genes used the typical initiation ... | 2017 | 26713605 |
| expression and phylogenetic analyses reveal paralogous lineages of putatively classical and non-classical mhc-i genes in three sparrow species (passer). | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) plays a central role in immunity and has been given considerable attention by evolutionary ecologists due to its associations with fitness-related traits. songbirds have unusually high numbers of mhc class i (mhc-i) genes, but it is not known whether all are expressed and equally important for immune function. classical mhc-i genes are highly expressed, polymorphic and present peptides to t-cells whereas non-classical mhc-i genes have lower expression, ... | 2017 | 28651571 |
| contrasting adaptive immune defenses and blood parasite prevalence in closely related passer sparrows. | immune system components differ in their functions and costs, and immune defense profiles are likely to vary among species with differing ecologies. we compared adaptive immune defenses in two closely related species that have contrasting inflammatory immune responses, the widespread and abundant house sparrow (passer domesticus) and the less abundant tree sparrow (passer montanus). we found that the house sparrow, which we have previously shown mounts weaker inflammatory responses, exhibits str ... | 2006 | 16944242 |
| responding to inflammatory challenges is less costly for a successful avian invader, the house sparrow (passer domesticus), than its less-invasive congener. | when introduced into new regions, invading organisms leave many native pathogens behind and also encounter evolutionarily novel disease threats. in the presence of predominantly novel pathogens that have not co-evolved to avoid inducing a strong host immune response, costly and potentially dangerous defenses such as the systemic inflammatory response could become more harmful than protective to the host. we therefore hypothesized that introduced populations exhibiting dampened inflammatory respo ... | 2005 | 15965757 |
| chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in the brains and lipids of sparrows (passer domesticus and passer montanus) from rural and suburban areas near warsaw. | | 1999 | 10594147 |
| intraclutch eggshell colour variation in birds: are females able to identify their eggs individually? | one possibility suggested regarding female post-mating strategies is differential allocation into offspring investment. female birds produce not only the largest, but also most colourful eggs of all oviparous taxa. larger eggs provide space for bigger embryos, or more nutrition for their development, but the question why eggs are more colourful and why there is variation in eggshell colouration remains. in this context, the focus of interest has been to explain inter-clutch variation but in many ... | 2017 | 28875071 |
| role of gnih in photoperiodic regulation of seasonal reproduction in the eurasian tree sparrow. | seasonal reproductive cycles of most birds are regulated by photoperiod via neuroendocrine control. gnih in hypothalamus has been reported to act as neuroendocrine integrator of photoperiodic cues. in this study, both captive and field investigations were carried out to understand the effects of photoperiod and seasonality on gnih expression in subtropical tree sparrows. monthly observations on gnih mrna and peptide expressions in wild birds over a year revealed significant increase in gnih mrna ... | 2017 | 28819054 |
| ecological connectivity networks in rapidly expanding cities. | urban expansion increases fragmentation of the landscape. in effect, fragmentation decreases connectivity, causes green space loss and impacts upon the ecology and function of green space. restoration of the functionality of green space often requires restoring the ecological connectivity of this green space within the city matrix. however, identifying ecological corridors that integrate different structural and functional connectivity of green space remains vague. assessing connectivity for dev ... | 2017 | 28706999 |
| photoperiodic time measurement and photoentrainment of a circadian locomotor activity rhythm in subtropical tree sparrows. | experiments were performed on the subtropical tree sparrow (passer montanus) to investigate the involvement of an endogenous circadian rhythm in photoperiodic time measurement during the initiation of gonadal growth and functions and also to study the photic entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm. groups of photosensitive birds of both sexes were exposed to different "night-interruption" light-dark regimes of 24 h duration viz., g1 - 6l/5d/1l/12d, g2 - 6l/6d/1l/11d, g3 - 6l/7d/1l/10d, g4 - ... | 2017 | 28589993 |
| life-history dependent relationships between body condition and immunity, between immunity indices in male eurasian tree sparrows. | in free-living animals, recent evidence indicates that innate, and acquired, immunity varies with annual variation in the demand for, and availability of, food resources. however, little is known about how animals adjust the relationships between immunity and body condition, and between innate and acquired immunity to optimize survival over winter and reproductive success during the breeding stage. here, we measured indices of body condition (size-corrected mass [scm], and hematocrit [hct]), con ... | 2017 | 28499964 |
| species differences in avian serum b esterases revealed by chromatofocusing and possible relationships of esterase activity to pesticide toxicity. | serum cholinesterase (bche) and carboxylesterase (cbe) activities were investigated in ten species of birds. multiple forms of serum bche and cbe were also separated by chromatofocusing. higher cbe activity and a wider range of cbe and bche forms were present in the sera of omnivorous/herbivorous birds than carnivores. omnivores/herbivores studied were the starling, house sparrow, tree sparrow, pigeon, partridge and magpie. serum cbe activities of these species ranged from 0.46 to 2.93 mumol/min ... | 1991 | 2009098 |
| in silico peptide-binding predictions of passerine mhc class i reveal similarities across distantly related species, suggesting convergence on the level of protein function. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes are the most polymorphic genes found in the vertebrate genome, and they encode proteins that play an essential role in the adaptive immune response. many songbirds (passerines) have been shown to have a large number of transcribed mhc class i genes compared to most mammals. to elucidate the reason for this large number of genes, we compared 14 mhc class i alleles (α1-α3 domains), from great reed warbler, house sparrow and tree sparrow, via phyloge ... | 2013 | 23358931 |
| occurrence and biomagnification of organohalogen pollutants in two terrestrial predatory food chains. | organohalogen pollutants (ohps), including dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its metabolites (ddts), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds), and dechlorane plus (dp), were determined in three raptor species, namely, the common kestrel (falco tinnunculus), eagle owl (bubo bubo), and little owl (athene noctua), as well as in their primary prey items: eurasian tree sparrow (passer montanus) and brown rat (rattus norvegicus). ddts ... | 2013 | 23830888 |
| coping with extreme: highland eurasian tree sparrows with molt-breeding overlap express higher levels of corticoserone-binding globulin than lowland sparrows. | in birds, suppressed expression of stress-induced corticosterone (cort) during pre-basic molt is generally thought to reflect a physiological trade-off in self-maintenance. and reduced cort during breeding in extreme environments may maximize reproductive success and optimize their fitness. highland eurasian tree sparrows (passer montanus) are known to express significantly higher stress-induced cort levels during the pre-basic molt stage. here, we show that these highland sparrows are character ... | 2013 | 23847036 |
| a case study on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium at a dairy farm associated with massive sparrow death. | salmonella enterica typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is the most common cause of bovine salmonellosis in japan and where it is also cause of salmonellosis in wild birds. in 2008, a postpartum cow at a dairy farm developed diarrhea caused by s. typhimurium. the herd was extensively surveilled for salmonella sp. and we characterized bacterial isolates from this and other cows to determine the source of infection. | 2016 | 27112780 |
| energy state affects exploratory behavior of tree sparrows in a group context under differential food-patch distributions. | when facing a novel situation, animals can retreat or leave to avoid risks, but will miss potential resources and opportunities. alternatively they may reduce environmental uncertainty by exploration, while risking no energy rewards and exposure to hazards, and use the information retrieved for subsequent decision making. when exploring, however, animals may adopt different tactics according to individual states. | 2016 | 27777601 |
| seasonality in circadian locomotor activity and serum testosterone level in the subtropical tree sparrow (passer montanus). | seasonality in daily locomotor activity pattern was investigated in the subtropical tree sparrow by exposing a group of birds to natural day lengths (ndl) for 30days and another group to 12l/12d for 14days followed by transfer to constant dim light (lldim) for another 15days in four different seasons of the year. serum testosterone levels were also measured during different seasons. sparrows, under ndl, exhibited distinct circadian rhythmicity in their locomotor activity with almost similar gene ... | 2016 | 26945648 |
| a survey of avian influenza in tree sparrows in china in 2011. | tree sparrows (passer montanus) are widely distributed in all seasons in many countries. in this study, a survey and relevant experiments on avian influenza (ai) in tree sparrows were conducted. the results suggested that the receptor for avian influenza viruses (aivs), saα2,3gal, is abundant in the respiratory tract of tree sparrows, and most of the tree sparrows infected experimentally with two h5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses died within five days after inoculation. ... | 2012 | 22496742 |
| isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the tree sparrow (passer montanus). | to enable the study of the population genetics of the tree sparrow (passer montanus), which is distributed in many islands of japan, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from 32 individuals. the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 17, and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.1250 to 0.9375. in eight of the nine loci, the heterozygosities were not significantly different from those expected from hardy-weinberg equilibrium. cross-species amplification in the russet sparro ... | 2009 | 21564616 |
| contrasting egg recognition between european and asian populations of tree sparrows (passer montanus). | although many biological phenotypes are generally regarded as consistent across the distributional range of a species, some traits such as egg discrimination behavior have been shown to display extensive intraspecific variation as a response to selection from brood parasitism. we investigated the egg recognition ability in an asian population of tree sparrows (passer montanus), and we compared that with the ability to recognize and reject intraspecific foreign eggs in a population in europe. ext ... | 2016 | 26912482 |
| variation in corticosterone response and corticosteroid binding-globulin during different breeding sub-stages in eurasian tree sparrow (passer montanus). | in free-living animals, it has been well demonstrated that the intensity of the adrenocortical response to acute restraint stress can vary with reproductive investment during breeding. the parental care hypothesis posits that the stress response is negatively correlated with parental investment in avian species. to further test this hypothesis, we examined changes in both free and total corticosterone (cort) at baseline and stress-induced levels (maximal cort) and corticosteroid-binding globulin ... | 2016 | 26627679 |
| radioactive contamination of nest materials of the eurasian tree sparrow passer montanus due to the fukushima nuclear accident: the significance in the first year. | the 2011 fukushima nuclear accident contaminated large areas of eastern and northeastern japan, releasing vast amounts of radiation. here we investigated radioactive contamination of the nest materials of the eurasian tree sparrow passer montanus from the breeding season of 2011 directly after the accident to the next breeding season of 2012 at two sites. in tokyo (222 km southwest of the plant), ambient dose rates in the nestboxes were lower than those in ibaraki (175 km southwest of the plant) ... | 2015 | 26162335 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers in resident eurasian tree sparrow from shanghai: geographical distribution and implication for potential sources. | an investigation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in eurasian tree sparrow (passer montanus) samples (n=37) collected from different land use areas in shanghai provided information about the levels, compositional patterns, geographical distribution, potential sources of pbdes and the evaluation of contamination status in shanghai. the concentrations of bde 209 and sum-pbdes were within the range of 8.20-292.0 ng g(-1) lw (median: 47.0 ng g(-1) lw) and 33.16-375.63 ng g(-1) lw (median: 7 ... | 2015 | 25665899 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of tree sparrow passer montanus saturatus (passeriformes: passeridae). | tree sparrow passer montanus is an eurasian distribution passerine bird, which has 9 subspecies. in this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of passer montanus saturatus. the mitochondrial dna is 16,904 bp long with a + t contents of 52.56%. the mitochondrial genome is typical circular that encodes the complete set of 37 genes. all protein-coding genes use the standard mitochondrial initiation codon atg, except for coi starts with gtg and nd3 starts with ata. tan is the most f ... | 2016 | 25358099 |
| a comparative study on photoperiodic control of seasonal cycles in the females of migratory yellow breasted bunting and the resident tree sparrow. | we studied the detailed pattern of seasonality in reproduction and the associated functions in the females of migratory yellow breasted bunting (emberiza aureola) and resident tree sparrow (passer montanus) under natural and artificial photoperiods. they exhibited seasonal cycles of ovarian development, moult and bill colour under natural photoperiods which were found linked to the annual solar cycle. photosensitive birds of both the species, when exposed to 9l/15d, 12l/12d and 14l/10d for 18 mo ... | 2014 | 25246220 |
| seasonal variation of metabolic thermogenesis in eurasian tree sparrows (passer montanus) over a latitudinal gradient. | phenotypic flexibility of various morphological and physiological characters is widespread in animals. resident endothermic animals of temperate climates provide a natural experiment in phenotypic flexibility. in this study, we took an integrative approach to assess seasonal and geographic influences on metabolism in eurasian tree sparrows (passer montanus). we measured resting metabolic rate (rmr), masses of internal organs, mitochondrial respiration capacities in liver and muscle, cytochrome c ... | 2014 | 25244382 |
| photoperiodic control of testicular growth, histomorphology and serum testosterone levels in the male eurasian tree sparrow: involvement of circadian rhythm. | experiments were performed on the subtropical population of male eurasian tree sparrow (passer montanus) to examine the mediation of the circadian rhythms in photoperiodic regulation of reproductive responses. in the first experiment, photosensitive sparrows were exposed to different resonance light dark cycles viz. 6l/6d, 6l/18d, 6l/30d, 6l/42d, 6l/54d and 6l/66d along with a control group under long day length (14l/10d) for 35days. the birds read the cycles of 6l/6d, 6l/30d and 6l/54d as long ... | 2014 | 25220853 |
| a new genus for the american tree sparrow (aves: passeriformes: passerellidae). | the genus spizella (bonaparte) contains seven species of north american sparrows in the recently resurrected family passerellidae (bock 1994; barker et al. 2013), formerly placed in the emberizidae, and includes a few of the region's most common and familiar bird species. spizella sparrows occupy more or less open habitats; most species are at least partially migratory and form small flocks when not breeding. on the basis of their similar morphology and behavior, they have long been treated as a ... | 2014 | 24989754 |
| differences in the reproductive hormone rhythm of tree sparrows (passer montanus) from urban and rural sites in beijing: the effect of anthropogenic light sources. | the pervasiveness of anthropogenic light in urban environments has increased the exposure to light of many animals. since photoperiod is a regulator of the timing of reproduction in most temperate region birds, such light sources could potentially change the timing of reproduction. we compared the luteinizing hormone (lh), testosterone (t), and estradiol (e2) levels of tree sparrow (passer montanus) populations sampled at two urban and two rural sites in china, and also performed a controlled ph ... | 2014 | 24861803 |
| participation of endogenous circadian rhythm in photoperiodic time measurement during ovarian responses of the subtropical tree sparrow, passer montanus. | resonance experiment was employed to investigate the mechanism of photoperiodic time measurement during initiation of ovarian growth and functions in the subtropical population of female tree sparrow (passer montanus) at shillong (latitude 25 degrees 34 'n, longitude 91 degrees 53 'e). photosensitive birds were subjected to various resonance light dark cycles of different durations such as: 12-(6l:6d), 24-(6l:18d), 36-(6l:30d), 48-(6l:42d), 60-(6l:54d) and 72-(6l:66d) h along with a control grou ... | 2014 | 24851412 |