| pheasant virus: new class of ribodeoxyvirus. | cocultivation of cells derived from embryos of golden pheasants or amherst pheasants with chicken embryo cells infected with bryan strain of rous sarcoma virus resulted in the detection of viruses which appear to be endogenous in these pheasant cells. the pheasant viruses (pv) were similar to avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses (alsv) in their gross morphology, in the size of their rna, in the presence of a virion-associated rna-dependent dna polymerase (dna nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleoside tr ... | 1976 | 57621 |
| purification of dna complementary to the env gene of avian sarcoma virus and analysis of relationships among the env genes of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses. | the env gene of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses encodes a glycoprotein that determines the host range and surface antigenicitiy of virions. we have purified radioactive dna (cdnagp) complementary to at least a portion of the env gene for viral subgroups a and c; complementary dna was synthesized with purified virions of wild-type avian sarcoma virus, and rna from a mutant with a deletion in env was used to select dna specific to env by molecular hybridization. the genetic complexity of cdnagp for ... | 1977 | 189084 |
| env gene of chicken rna tumor viruses: extent of conservation in cellular and viral genomes. | the env gene of avian sarcoma-leukosis viruses codes for envelope glycoproteins that determine viral host range, antigenic specificity, and interference patterns. we used molecular hybridization to analyze the natural distribution and possible origins of the nucleotide sequences that encode env; our work exploited the availability of radioactive dna (cdna(gp)) complementary to most or all of env. env sequences were detectable in the dnas of chickens which synthesized an env gene product (chick h ... | 1978 | 212576 |
| host range of rous sarcoma virus pseudotype rsv(hprs-103) in 12 avian species: support for a new avian retrovirus envelope subgroup, designated j. | the host ranges of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) pseudotype rsv(hprs-103) of a novel avian leukosis virus (alv), strain hprs-103, and representative rsv pseudotypes of subgroups a to f, have been determined in embryo fibroblasts from 12 avian species. domestic fowl, red jungle fowl, sonnerat's jungle fowl and turkey were susceptible to infection by rsv(hprs-103); ring-necked pheasant, japanese green pheasant, golden pheasant, japanese quail, guinea-fowl, peking duck, muscovy duck and goose were r ... | 1992 | 1331300 |
| the amino acid sequence of lady amherst's pheasant (chrysolophus amherstiae) and golden pheasant (chrysolophus pictus) egg-white lysozymes. | the amino acids of lady amherst's pheasant and golden pheasant egg-white lysozymes have been sequenced. the carboxymethylated lysozymes were digested with trypsin followed by sequencing of the tryptic peptides. lady amherst's pheasant lysozyme proved to consist of 129 amino acid residues, and a relative molecular mass of 14,423 da was calculated. this lysozyme had 6 amino acids substitutions when compared with hen egg-white lysozyme: phe3 to tyr, his15 to leu, gln41 to his, asn77 to his, gln 121 ... | 1990 | 1368578 |
| isolation of serotype 2 marek's disease virus from birds belonging to genus gallus in japan. | serotype 2 of marek's disease virus (mdv) was isolated from apparently healthy birds belonging to genus gallus that had no history of vaccination with mdv or herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). buffy-coat cells from these birds were inoculated onto chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cultures for primary isolation. thirteen isolates from one golden pheasant and three white silky fowls, three black silky fowls, three japanese long crowers, and three japanese bantams produced herpes-like cytopathic effects ... | 1990 | 2164389 |
| the phylogenetic relationships of immunoglobulin allotypes and 7s immunoglobulin isotypes of chickens and other phasianoids (turkey, pheasant, quail). | pheasants, quail and turkeys from different geographical locations were surveyed for the presence of eight 7s ig and four igm chicken allotypes. no igm and only two 7s ig allotypes were detected. chicken 7s ig allotypic specificity g-1.7 cross-reacted with pheasant and turkey isotypic specificities, and was absent in quail. the other determinant (g-1.9) cross-reacted with an allotype found only in turkeys and golden pheasants. these data suggest that g-1.7 and g-1.9 are probably phylogenetically ... | 1981 | 6163702 |
| sequences of sixteen phosphoserine peptides from ovalbumins of eight species. | phosphoserine peptides have been isolated by a diagonal electrophoresis method from proteolytic digests of ovalbumins from hen, grouse, turkey, golden pheasant, magpie goose, chinese goose, aylesbury duck and fulvous whistling duck. the amino acid sequences of these peptides have been determined. there are two sites of phosphorylation in each ovalbumin, which are located in two different regions of the ovalbumin molecule. amino acid replacements are more frequent in the site 1 sequences than in ... | 1981 | 6783411 |
| [a case of cryptococcal meningitis in an htlv-1 carrier]. | we report a case of 73-year-old male htlv-i carrier with cryptococcal meningitis. the patient, who was born in taiwan, has raised golden pheasants for ten years and bantams for five years. antibody to hiv was negative. flow cytometric study of the peripheral lymphocytes showed reduced cd4+cd45ra+ (naive cells) and increased cd4+cd45ro+ (memory cells), cd3+cd25+ and cd3+ hla-dr(dr)+ cells. lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin a were depressed. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cell ... | 1993 | 8261704 |
| phylogenetic relationships of the phasianidae reveals possible non-pheasant taxa. | the phylogenetic relationships of 21 pheasant and 6 non-pheasant species were determined using nucleotide sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis were used to try to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within phasianidae. both the degree of resolution and strength of support are improved over previous studies due to the testing of a number of species from multiple pheasant genera, but several major ambiguities persist. polyplectron ... | 2003 | 14691314 |
| nodular typhlitis associated with the nematodes heterakis gallinarum and heterakis isolonche in pheasants: frequency and pathology with evidence of neoplasia. | an investigation related to the frequency and pathology of heterakis gallinarum and pathology of heterakis isolonche in pheasants from rio de janeiro, brazil was conducted by means of clinical examinations, necropsies, and histopathological analysis in 50 ring-necked pheasants from backyard flocks of 11 localities; also, histological sections of caeca of golden pheasants deposited in the helminthological collection of the oswaldo cruz institute (chioc) have been considered in the present study. ... | 2004 | 15049081 |
| variable effect of vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza (h7n7) virus on disease and transmission in pheasants and teals. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses can affect many bird species, with disease symptoms ranging from severe morbidity and high mortality to mild transient illness. much is known about infections in chickens, but for other captive birds the relations between disease symptoms, excretion patterns, and transmission, as well as the effect of vaccination on these relations are not clear. we report results from experimental transmission studies with a highly pathogenic h7n7 virus and two commonly ... | 2007 | 18029064 |
| comprehensive analysis of n-linked oligosaccharides from eggs of the family phasianidae. | we have reported a strategic procedure for the preparation of human-type n-linked oligosaccharides targeting hen egg white and yolk. to determine whether the technique is applicable to other avian species, we performed comparative analysis of n-linked oligosaccharides derived from eggs of other pheasant species. our investigation of the principal oligosaccharides resulted in several major findings: (i) glycan profiles as well as total yields were different between species and tissues (egg white ... | 2010 | 20208342 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of chrysolophus pictus (galliformes: phasianidae) and a phylogenetic analysis with related species. | the 16,678 bp mitochondrial genome of the chrysolophus pictus has been sequenced in this paper. to determine the phylogentic position of c. pictus with related species within phasianidae, the phylogenetic tree was reconstructed with the concatenated nucleotide dataset of the 12 heavy-strand-encoded protein genes. the phylogenetic analysis was carried out using maximum parsimony (mp) and bayesian inference (bi) methods. mp and bi phylogenetic trees here showed similar topology and consistently su ... | 2011 | 22165827 |
| experimental inoculation of bfdv-positive budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) with two mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates. | beak and feather disease virus- (bfdv-) positive (naturally infected) but clinically healthy budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) were inoculated with two isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolated from naturally infected golden pheasant (chrysolophus pictus) and peafowl (pavo cristatus). during a period of more than two months after inoculation, samples of cloacal and crop swabs, faeces, and blood were obtained for bfdv and mycobacterium avium testing with pcr. birds were euthanized ... | 2014 | 24738057 |
| distribution patterns of influenza virus receptors and viral attachment patterns in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of seven avian species. | this study assessed the presence of sialic acid α-2,3 and α-2,6 linked glycan receptors in seven avian species. the respiratory and intestinal tracts of the chicken, common quail, red-legged partridge, turkey, golden pheasant, ostrich, and mallard were tested by means of lectin histochemistry, using the lectins maackia amurensis agglutinin ii and sambucus nigra agglutinin, which show affinity for α-2,3 and α-2,6 receptors, respectively. additionally, the pattern of virus attachment (pva) was eva ... | 2012 | 22489675 |
| avian mycobacteriosis caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies avium in four ornamental birds and in vitro drug sensitivity testing of isolates. | avian tuberculosis, one of the most important diseases affecting various species of birds, is most often caused by mycobacterium (m.) avium. this report describes cases of m. avium subsp. avium (maa) infection in a white-crested holland dwarf rooster, a male and a female golden pheasant and a male peacock. we also investigated the prevalence of mycobacteria in 60 other birds and 40 alpacas. tissue samples of necropsied birds were cultured for mycobacteria. from non-necropsied 60 other birds and ... | 2016 | 26904899 |
| oxyspiruriasis in zoo birds. | oxyspiruriasis caused by the bird eyeworm, oxyspirura mansoni, a thelaziid nematode, in three species of pheasants, 3 chrysolophus pictus (golden pheasant), 7 lophura nycthemera (silver pheasant) and 9 phasianus colchicus (common pheasant) in zoo negara malaysia are reported. birds with the disease were treated with a solution of 0.5% iodine or 0.5% lysol. antistress powder for 4 days in water and non-strep vitamin powder in water was also provided. control measures included removal of the cockr ... | 2012 | 22735854 |
| expression levels of gsta2 and apod genes might be associated with carotenoid coloration in golden pheasant (chrysolophus pictus) plumage. | carotenoids, which generate yellow, orange, and red colors, are crucial pigments in avian plumage. investigations into genes associated with carotenoidbased coloration in avian species are important; however, such research is difficult because carotenoids cannot be synthetized in vertebrates as they are only derived from dietary sources. here, the golden pheasant (chrysolophus pictus) was used as a model in analysis of candidate gene expression profiles implicated in carotenoid binding and depos ... | 2016 | 27265652 |
| historical gene flow and profound spatial genetic structure among golden pheasant populations suggested by multi-locus analysis. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a good marker system for geographical genetics since they are functional genes in the immune system that are likely to affect the fitness of the individual, and the survival and evolutionary potential of a population in a changing environment. golden pheasant (chrysolophus pictus) is a wild phasianidae distributed in central and north china. in this study, we used a locus-specific genotyping technique for mhc iib genes of golden pheasant. combining with ... | 2017 | 28286102 |
| egg production performance, egg yolk antioxidant profile and excreta concentration of corticosterone in golden pheasants (chrysolophus pictus) fed diets containing different levels of green vegetables. | in order to study the effect of feeding graded levels of green vegetables on egg production performance and egg yolk antioxidant status, 27 female golden pheasants (gp) were randomly distributed into three groups of nine each in an experiment based on completely randomized design. the diets of the birds in groups t1 , t2 and t3 contained 1.4%, 2.7% and 5.0% of green vegetables respectively. feeding of experimental diets started on 12th february (day 1) and was continued till 30 june 2012. averag ... | 2016 | 27862403 |
| increasing the dietary supply of carotenoids through forage supplementation: effect on nitrogen and mineral retention in captive golden pheasants (chrysolophus pictus). | this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of green forages on feed consumption, nutrient and mineral utilization in golden pheasants (gp). twenty-seven female gp (bw 617-635 g) were randomly distributed into three groups of nine birds each in an experiment based on completely randomized design (crd). birds in group t1 were fed a conventional zoo diet containing 1.4% green forages; however, the diets of the birds in groups t2 and t3 contained 2.7% and 5.0% ... | 2016 | 27623542 |
| molecular characterization of classical and nonclassical mhc class i genes from the golden pheasant (chrysolophus pictus). | classical major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i allelic polymorphism is essential for competent antigen presentation. to improve the genotyping efforts in the golden pheasant, it is necessary to differentiate more accurately between classical and nonclassical class i molecules. in our study, all mhc class i genes were isolated from one golden pheasant based on two overlapping pcr amplifications. in total, six full-length class i nucleotide sequences (a-f) were identified, and four were ... | 2016 | 26700854 |
| serum proteins of the golden pheasant chrysolophus pictus. | | 1975 | 52428 |
| molecular genetics of avian proteins. iv. the egg-white proteins of the golden pheasant, chrysolophus pictus l., and lady amherst's pheasant, c. amherstiae leadbeater, and their possible evolutionary significance. | | 1965 | 5861537 |
| isolation of a 97-kb minimal essential mhc b locus from a new reverse-4d bac library of the golden pheasant. | the bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) system is widely used in isolation of large genomic fragments of interest. construction of a routine bac library requires several months for picking clones and arraying bacs into superpools in order to employ 4d-pcr to screen positive bacs, which might be time-consuming and laborious. the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a cluster of genes involved in the vertebrate immune system, and the classical avian mhc-b locus is a minimal essential one, o ... | 2012 | 22403630 |
| diversity and activity patterns of sympatric animals among four types of forest habitat in guanyinshan nature reserve in the qinling mountains, china. | environmental heterogeneity contributes to various habitats and may influence the diversity and activity patterns of wildlife among habitats. we used camera traps to assess wildlife habitat use in guanyinshan nature reserve from 2009 to 2012. we focused on four types of habitat including open areas with gentle slope (<15°) (type1), low elevation areas (about 1500-1700 m) with high bamboo coverage (type2), high elevation areas (about 2100-2300 m) with high canopy coverage (type3), and wildlife mi ... | 2017 | 28551745 |
| balancing selection and recombination as evolutionary forces caused population genetic variations in golden pheasant mhc class i genes. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes are vital partners in the acquired immune processes of vertebrates. mhc diversity may be directly associated with population resistance to infectious pathogens. here, we screened for polymorphisms in exons 2 and 3 of the ia1 and ia2 genes in 12 golden pheasant populations across the chinese mainland to characterize their genetic variation levels, to understand the effects of historical positive selection and recombination in shaping class i divers ... | 2016 | 26892934 |
| parasitic neoplasia in the golden pheasant. | | 1972 | 5007900 |
| serological evidence of avian influenza in captive wild birds in a zoo and two safari parks in bangladesh. | avian influenza (ai) is endemic and frequently causes seasonal outbreaks in winter in bangladesh due to high pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2. among avian influenza a viruses (aiv), h5, h7, and h9 subtypes have the most zoonotic potential. captive birds in zoos and safari parks are used for educational, recreational, breeding, and conservational purposes in bangladesh. to screen for aiv in captive birds to assess potential public health threat ... | 2020 | 32882787 |
| occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in india. | occurrence of salmonella spp. in captive wild animal species in india is largely unknown. the purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of different salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial resistance patterns and genotypic relatedness of recovered isolates. a total of 370 samples including faecal (n = 314), feed and water (n = 26) and caretakers stool swabs (n = 30) were collected from 40 different wild animal species in captivity, their caretakers, feed and water in four zoological gard ... | 2018 | 29898799 |
| use of afoxolaner for the treatment of lice (goniodes pavonis) in different genera (chrysolophus spp, lophura spp, phasianus spp, and syrmaticus spp) and species of pheasants and west mexican chachalacas (ortalis poliocephala). | lice are ectoparasites capable of affecting birds, and can result in direct and indirect damage to their host. afoxolaner is an isoxazoline that has been shown to be effective against these ectoparasites without known adverse effects. the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of afoxolaner on lice in pheasants and plain chachalacas. a total of 29 pheasants of different genera and species (chrysolophus pictus, c. amherstiae, lophura swinghoii, l. nycthemera, phasianus colchicus, a ... | 2020 | 32203695 |
| electrocardiogram analysis of the golden ( chrysolophus pictus) and silver ( lophura nycthemera) pheasants. | the aim of this study was to describe normal electrocardiogram patterns and values in two species of conscious pheasants (golden and silver). the standard bipolar and augmented unipolar limb leads electrocardiograms were recorded in the birds. the wave forms were analyzed in all leads at 50 mm/sec and at 10 mm = 1 mv to determine pr, qrs, st, and qt durations and p, net qrs complex, and t amplitudes. the polarity of each wave form was tabulated in all leads. the mean electrical axis for the fron ... | 2018 | 30592908 |
| flight initiation distance, color and camouflage. | camouflage is widespread throughout the animal kingdom allowing individuals to avoid detection and hence save time and energy rather than escape from an approaching predator. thus, camouflage is likely to have co-evolved with antipredator behavior. here, we propose that camouflage results in dichotomous escape behavior within and among species with classes of individuals and species with cryptic coloration having shorter flight initiation distances (fids; the distance at which an individual take ... | 2019 | 31616484 |
| comparative genomics and transcriptomics of chrysolophus provide insights into the evolution of complex plumage coloration. | as one of the most recognizable characteristics in birds, plumage color has a high impact on understanding the evolution and mechanisms of coloration. feather and skin are ideal tissues to explore the genomics and complexity of color patterns in vertebrates. two species of the genus chrysolophus, golden pheasant (chrysolophus pictus) and lady amherst's pheasant (chrysolophus amherstiae), exhibit brilliant colors in their plumage, but with extreme phenotypic differences, making these two species ... | 2018 | 30192940 |
| golden pheasants and clerical guns. | | 1890 | 29826696 |