| myoglobin levels and matpase activity in pectoral muscles of spruce and ruffed grouse (aves: tetraoninae). | myoglobin concentration and myosin atpase activity were measured in the pectoral muscle of wild spruce grouse (dendragapus canadensis) and ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus), together with the weight of the mm. pectoralis, supracoracoideus and heart. matpase activities were similar in both species, but spruce grouse contained 15 times more myoglobin in the pectoralis muscle and the heart was three times heavier than that of the ruffed grouse. the relative mass of the flight muscles and wing loading ... | 1985 | 2859952 |
| endogenous development and pathogenicity of eimeria angusta in the ruffed grouse, bonasa umbellus. | oocysts of eimeria angusta were recovered from the cecum of a captive ruffed grouse which died of coccidial typhlitis. five experimental passages were made in grouse over a 2-yr period. prepatent period was 6.5-7.0 days; sporulation time at 22 c was 54-60 hr. endogenous stages were not found in grouse killed 1 and 2 days after inoculation (dai). a few immature schizonts were in cecal epithelium 4 dai. developing and mature schizonts, and undifferentiated gamonts were in cecal epithelium 5 dai. d ... | 1984 | 6737604 |
| evolution of the mitochondrial dna cytochrome b gene in tetraonidae birds]. | mitochondrial fragments containing the cytochrome b gene (1020 bp in size) of four bird species belonging to four genera of the family tetraonidae (tetrao parvirostris, bonasa umbellus, lagopus lagopus scoticus, and falcipennis falcipennis) were directly sequenced. of the 1020 nucleotide positions, 186 were variable and uniformly distributed over the gene and only 46 were parsimony informative. most substitutions were synonymous. replacement substitutions were detected for 15 out of 340 amino ac ... | 2000 | 10994496 |
| evolution and characterization of tetraonine endogenous retrovirus: a new virus related to avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses. | in a previous study, we found avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (aslv) gag genes in 19 species of birds in the order galliformes including all grouse and ptarmigan (tetraoninae) surveyed. our data suggested that retroviruses had been transmitted horizontally among some host species. to further investigate these elements, we sequenced a replication-defective retrovirus, here named tetraonine endogenous retrovirus (terv), from bonasa umbellus (ruffed grouse). this is the first report of a complete, ... | 2001 | 11160701 |
| phylogeny of tetraoninae and other galliform birds using mitochondrial 12s and nd2 genes. | the avian subfamily tetraoninae (grouse and ptarmigan) is a holarctic group in the order galliformes distinguished by morphological adaptations to cold environments and behavioral traits associated with elaborate courtship. here we investigate the relationships of 17 tetraonines and 12 other galliform species using mitochondrial 12s and nd2 sequence data. we found support for the recent phylogenetic classification that separates the genus dendragapus into two genera, falcipennis and dendragapus. ... | 2002 | 12144757 |
| dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of birds: an examination of excised skeletal specimens. | the ability of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (dxa) to measure bone mineral content and density of bird bones has received little attention. this paper represents the first comprehensive study of the methods, precision, and reproducibility of dxa (ge-lunar dpx-l) for the uniquely shaped, thin and pneumatic bones of birds. skeletal elements and portions represented by 26 regions of interest (rois) are presented and evaluated for the gallinaceous bird species, wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo), ... | 2004 | 15485568 |
| lead concentrations in ruffed grouse, rock ptarmigan, and willow ptarmigan in québec. | between 1996 and 1998, ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, willow ptarmigan, and rock ptarmigan harvested by hunters in québec were examined for lead contamination. on examination of the gizzards of these birds, lead shot was found only in ruffed grouse (1.2%). the probability of ingestion of lead shot by grouse and ptarmigans is low. analyses of the lead concentrations in the wing bones of grouse and ptarmigans and in the muscle tissue of ptarmigans were conducted. although differences were observed ... | 2005 | 15959706 |
| a comparative study of cadmium and copper in ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) in regions with and without historic mining. | mining activities can increase the bioavailability of metals in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. following over 100 years of copper mining in portions of michigan's upper peninsula (up) terrestrial ecosystems retain vast quantities of waste rock with traces of cadmium and large concentrations of copper. we compared liver cadmium and copper concentrations in ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus), a popular game bird from landscapes with and without historic mining. we also used chickens (gallus dome ... | 2006 | 16750853 |
| plasmodium circumflexum (kikuth) in ruffed grouse in ontario. | | 1946 | 20996731 |
| aromatase expression in the brain of the ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) and comparisons with other galliform birds (aves, galliformes). | the enzyme aromatase is important for regulating sexual and aggressive behaviors during the reproductive season, including many aspects of courtship. in birds, aromatase is expressed at high levels in a number of different brain regions. although this expression does vary among species, the extent to which the distribution of aromatase positive cells reflects species differences in courtship and other behaviors is not well established. here, we examine the distribution of aromatase immunoreactiv ... | 2012 | 23266340 |
| [the use of c-mos nuclear gene as a phylogenetic marker in tetraonidae birds]. | a 480-bp fragment of nuclear c-mos gene was sequenced in nine bird species representing four genera of the family tetraonidae. it was demonstrated that nuclear genome region examined was highly conservative. the data were used to construct phylogenetic relationships among the c-mos gene sequences in tetraonidae. the data obtained point to a paraphyletic origin of hazel grouse (bonasa bonasia) and ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus). | 2004 | 15575499 |
| seasonal variation in forebrain region sizes in male ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus). | the song system of songbirds has provided significant insight into the underlying mechanisms and behavioural consequences of seasonal neuroplasticity. the extent to which seasonal changes in brain region volumes occur in non-songbird species has, however, remained largely untested. here, we tested whether brain region volumes varied with season in the ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus), a gallinaceous bird that produces a unique wing-beating display known as 'drumming' as its primary form of courts ... | 2015 | 25997574 |
| poisonous birds: a timely review. | until very recently, toxicity was not considered a trait observed in birds, but works published in the last two decades started to shed light on this subject. poisonous birds are rare (or little studied), and comprise pitohui and ifrita birds from papua new guinea, the european quail, the spoor-winged goose, the hoopees, the north american ruffed grouse, the bronzewings, and the red warbler. a hundred more species are considered unpalatable or malodorous to humans and other animals. the present ... | 2015 | 25839151 |
| a prepared mind--ernest edward tyzzer's legacy of research into avian diseases. | ernest edward tyzzer (1875-1965) was a physician, specializing at first (1902-1916) in cancer research and then from 1916 as a parasitologist. he was born of english parents in wakefield, massachusetts, where he lived all his life. educated in wakefield public schools, brown university (ph.b., a.m., hon. sc.d.), and harvard university (m.d.), he established during his 40-yr career (1902-1942) an international reputation in oncology, pathology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, and taxonomic ... | 2013 | 24597113 |
| a flexible bayesian hierarchical approach for analyzing spatial and temporal variation in the fecal corticosterone levels in birds when there is imperfect knowledge of individual identity. | population cycles have long interested biologists. the ruffed grouse, bonasa umbellus, is one such species whose populations cycle over most of their range. thus, much effort has been expended to understand the mechanisms that might control cycles in this and other species. corticosterone metabolites are widely used in studies of animals to measure physiological stress. we evaluated corticosterone metabolites in feces of territorial male grouse as a potential tool to study mechanisms governing g ... | 2013 | 24036404 |
| helminths in ruffed grouse at the host's southeastern range boundary. | carcasses of 268 ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) collected in eastern tennessee (usa) from october 1983 through february 1988 were examined between 16 january 1985 and 25 april 1988 for non-filarioid helminths. three nematode species and one cestode species were found. the two most common parasites were the cecal worm heterakis bonasae (81% prevalence, mean intensity +/- sd of 62 +/- 114) and the tapeworm echinolepis carioca (27% prevalence, 30 +/- 73 mean intensity). age and sex of host were su ... | 1997 | 9249696 |
| effect of tannins on galliform cecal partitioning. | winter diets of ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) and other galliformes are high in tannins. we fed quebracho, a condensed tannin, to ruffed grouse and found no effect on dry matter intake or body mass at levels up to 6% of the diet. however, a high-fiber diet with 8% quebracho resulted in reduced dry matter intake and body mass loss. grouse could not tolerate a diet with 8% tannic acid, a hydrolyzable tannin, which caused a large reduction in dry matter intake and body mass. northern bobwhite (co ... | 2013 | 9231390 |
| physiological and behavioral effects of coniferyl benzoate on avian reproduction. | various plant secondary metabolites related to cinnamic acid are of interest because of their repellency to birds and their occurrence in ecologically important food items. coniferyl benzoate (cb), a phenylpropanoid ester that occurs in quaking aspen (populus tremuloides) is of particular ecological interest because of its effect on ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) feeding behavior and its possible influence on the population dynamics of this bird. during detoxification processes, cb and other an ... | 1993 | 24248582 |
| radium-226 levels and concentration ratios between water, vegetation, and tissues of ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) from a watershed with uranium tailings near elliot lake, canada. | radionuclide levels measured in bone, muscle, kidney and liver tissues, gut contents and diet items of 47 grouse from the serpent river drainage basin, containing uranium (u) tailings at elliot lake, and from control areas in ontario, showed variation by site and tissue. the mean level of 226radium (ra) in bones of grouse sampled from elliot lake (28.5 mbq g(-1)) was higher than that in bones of birds from a distant control site near sudbury, ontario (8.0 mbq g(-1)) but similar to the value in a ... | 1992 | 15091976 |
| prey choice by marten during a decline in prey abundance. | we examined variation in diet choice by marten (martes americana) among seasons and between sexes and ages from 1980-1985. during this period prey populations crashed simultaneously, except for ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) which was common at the beginning and end of the study, and masked shrews (sorex cinereus) which were abundant in 1983. marten were catholic in selection of prey and made use of most available mammalian prey, ruffed grouse, passerine birds, berries, and insects. diet niche ... | 1990 | 28313176 |
| coniferyl benzoate in quaking aspen a ruffed grouse feeding deterrent. | quaking aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) staminate flower buds and catkins are important food resources for ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus); however, ruffed grouse select only certain quaking aspen to feed upon. earlier studies indicate that the primary difference between quaking aspen that ruffed grouse feed upon and those not used is the level of coniferyl benzoate in the flower buds. bioassays show that coniferyl benzoate is a feeding deterrent for ruffed grouse; its effect on ruffed grouse ... | 1990 | 24263713 |
| ruffed grouse feeding behavior and its relationship to secondary metabolites of quaking aspen flower buds. | quaking aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) staminate flower buds and the extended catkins are primary food resources for ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus). winter feeding observations indicate that ruffed grouse select specific trees or clones of quaking aspen to feed in. flower buds and catkins of quaking aspen were analyzed for secondary compounds (tannins, alkaloids, and phenolics) that might cause ruffed grouse to avoid trees with high levels of these compounds. coniferyl benzoate, a compound ... | 1989 | 24272191 |
| neoplasia in free-flying ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus). | neoplasms were identified in 3 of 13 free-flying ruffed grouse submitted to the southeastern cooperative wildlife disease study during a 10-year period. these neoplasms were a lipoma, a fibroma, and a renal carcinoma metastatic to the liver. | 2006 | 3729869 |
| heavy metal concentrations in feathers of ruffed grouse shot by virginia hunters. | | 1980 | 7470672 |
| blood parasites of ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) from kentucky, maine, michigan, and west virginia. | | 1976 | 815535 |
| aspects of the winter metabolism of ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) with special reference to energy reserves. | | 1975 | 1131743 |
| malaria in woodcock and ruffed grouse in maine. | | 1972 | 4634521 |
| the life cycle and seasonal variation of davainea tetraoensis fuhrmann 1919, a cestode parasite of ruffed grouse, bonasa umbellus (l.). | | 1971 | 5100954 |
| seasonal variation in davainea tetraoensis, a cestode parasite of ruffed grouse. | | 1967 | 5583364 |
| on the morphology and life cycle of the trematode tanaisia zarudnyi (skrjabin, 1924) byrd and denton, 1950, from the ruffed grouse, bonasa umbellus l. | | 1965 | 5838419 |
| on the life cycle of brachylecithum orfi kingston and freeman, 1959 (trematoda: dicrocoeliidae), from the liver of the ruffed grouse, bonasa umbellus l. infections in the vertebrate and molluscan hosts. | | 1965 | 5829175 |
| spring incidence of ruffed grouse blood parasites. | | 1960 | 13723947 |
| threatened extinction of the ruffed grouse. | | 1928 | 17756634 |
| an investigation of the periodic fluctuations in the numbers of the ruffed grouse. | | 1926 | 17774971 |
| diseases of the ruffed grouse. | | 1925 | 17843944 |
| on the coloration of the ruffed grouse. | | 1894 | 17839106 |
| coloration of the ruffed grouse. | | 1894 | 17843890 |
| west nile virus infection in ruffed grouse ( bonasa umbellus): experimental infection and protective effects of vaccination. | ruffed grouse ( bonasa umbellus) population numbers in pennsylvania dramatically declined during the early 2000s and have subsequently remained depressed throughout much of the state. while this decline has been temporally associated with the presence of west nile virus (wnv), lack of information on the wnv susceptibility of this popular game bird species has limited the ability to interpret the potential impacts of wnv. to address this knowledge gap, virologic, immunologic, pathologic, and clin ... | 2017 | 28675106 |
| surveillance for borrelia spp. in upland game birds in pennsylvania, usa. | the borrelia genus contains two major clades, the lyme borreliosis group, which includes the causative agents of lyme disease/borreliosis (b. burgdorferi sensu stricto and other related b. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies), and the relapsing fever borreliosis group (b. hermsii, b. turicatae, and b. parkeri). other unclassified reptile- and echidna-associated borrelia spp. (i.e., b. turcica and 'candidatus borrelia tachyglossi', respectively) do not belong in either of these two groups. in nort ... | 2020 | 32629926 |
| the irvingtonian avifauna of cumberland bone cave, maryland. | the early and mid-pleistocene avian communities of north america are best known from the rocky mountain region and peninsular florida. in the appalachian mountain region, only a small number of avian bones from mid-latitude cave deposits have been attributed to this time period. here, i enlarge this record by reporting on bird bones from cumberland bone cave in western maryland, a well-known locality for large and small irvingtonian mammals and other vertebrates. the taxa identified encompass gr ... | 2020 | 33055625 |
| personality differences in the selection of dynamic refugia have demographic consequences for a winter-adapted bird. | for overwintering species, individuals' ability to find refugia from inclement weather and predators probably confers strong fitness benefits. how animals use their environment can be mediated by their personality (e.g. risk-taking), but does personality mediate how overwintering species select refugia? snow cover is a dynamic winter characteristic that can influence crypsis or provide below-the-snow refugia. we explored how wintering ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) selected snow roosting sites, ... | 2020 | 32900309 |
| surveillance for heterakis spp. in game birds and cage-free, floor-raised poultry in pennsylvania. | histomoniasis is a significant disease of gallinaceous birds caused by histomonas meleagridis. transmission of this parasite is dependent on use of the cecal nematode heterakis gallinarum. to define the host range of this nematode, cecal contents from 399 game birds and poultry, representing eight species, were examined for heterakis spp. the majority of these species (five of eight) were infected with heterakis nematodes. heterakis gallinarum was detected in free-ranging wild turkeys (meleagrid ... | 2020 | 32550622 |
| mitochondrial dna variation of the ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus). | the ruffed grouse, bonasa umbellus, is broadly distributed across north america and displays considerable taxonomic diversity. except for a genetic study of some western populations of ruffed grouse, nothing is known about genetic variation in other regions of canada and the united states. our objective is to examine patterns of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation in the ruffed grouse across western, central, and eastern parts of its distribution. we compare patterns of mtdna variation to those ... | 2019 | 31511073 |
| landscape effects on the contemporary genetic structure of ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) populations. | the amount of dispersal that occurs among populations can be limited by landscape heterogeneity, which is often due to both natural processes and anthropogenic activity leading to habitat loss or fragmentation. understanding how populations are structured and mapping existing dispersal corridors among populations is imperative to both determining contemporary forces mediating population connectivity, and informing proper management of species with fragmented populations. furthermore, the contemp ... | 2019 | 31160983 |
| snow roosting reduces temperature-associated stress in a wintering bird. | animals in temperate northern regions employ a variety of strategies to cope with the energetic demands of winter. behavioral plasticity may be important, as winter weather conditions are increasingly variable as a result of modern climate change. if behavioral strategies for thermoregulation are no longer effective in a changing environment, animals may experience physiological stress, which can have fitness consequences. we monitored winter roosting behavior of radio-tagged ruffed grouse (bona ... | 2019 | 30906952 |
| west nile virus infection in ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) in pennsylvania, usa: a multi-year comparison of statewide serosurveys and vector indices. | eastern populations of ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) have been in a decades-long decline across the mid-atlantic and southern appalachian mountains of the us. west nile virus (wnv), which first arrived in the us in 1999, is suspected to have contributed to these declines based on decreased population indices since the arrival of wnv in pennsylvania as well as on high, experimentally induced wnv-associated morbidity rates. a 3-yr statewide survey was conducted across pennsylvania to measure fla ... | 2021 | 33635996 |
| eastern equine encephalitis virus in visibly affected ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) in michigan, minnesota, and wisconsin, usa. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) infects many avian species but has rarely been described in ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus). between september and december 2019, 40 ruffed grouse, most in poor physical condition, were submitted to the michigan, wisconsin, and minnesota (us) departments of natural resources; eight were positive for eeev. | 2021 | 33822164 |