| opportunistic infection of aspergillus and bacteria in captive cape vultures (gyps coprotheres). | to describe clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of cape vultures in which aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) and mixed species of bacteria were isolated. | 2013 | 23646305 |
| the use of liver slices from the cape vulture (gyps coprotheres) to better understand the role of liver toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) in vultures. | diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) was responsible for the death of millions of vultures on the asian subcontinent, following the consumption of diclofenac contaminated carcasses. the aim of this research was to establish if liver slices could serve as an alternate means of predicting the toxicity of nsaids in gyps vultures. the cape vulture liver slices was prepared and incubated with four nsaids for 6 h. a percent clearance of 1.0 ± 0.253, 0.58 ± 0.153, 0.961 ± 0.312 an ... | 2018 | 30025357 |
| percentage of faecal excretion of meloxicam in the cape vultures (gyps corprotheres). | asian gyps vulture species are gradually recovering from the devastating effect of diclofenac being present in contaminated carcasses. this drug was responsible for the death of over 10 million vultures in india, nepal and pakistan. to prevent the extinction of vultures, meloxicam was introduced after the ban of veterinary diclofenac. meloxicam's safety in vultures was attributed to its short elimination half-life in contrast with diclofenac. the reason for the rapid elimination of meloxicam is ... | 2019 | 30336288 |
| blood and bone lead levels in south africa's gyps vultures: risk to nest-bound chicks and comparison with other avian taxa. | poisoning, including secondary lead poisoning, is cited as the single most important cause of vulture mortalities in africa. to evaluate the prevalence of lead poisoning among south africa's gyps vultures compared to other, non-scavenging birds, we obtained blood and bone samples from cape (gyps coprotheres) and white-backed (g. africanus) vultures. we found that 66% of white-backed vultures (n = 110, including 85 nest-bound chicks sampled at dronfield nature reserve) and 80% of cape vultures (n ... | 2019 | 30884269 |
| low genetic diversity and shallow population structure in the endangered vulture, gyps coprotheres. | globally, vulture species are experiencing major population declines. the southern african cape vulture (gyps coprotheres) has undergone severe population collapse which has led to a listing of endangered by the iucn. here, a comprehensive genetic survey of g. coprotheres is conducted using microsatellite markers. analyses revealed an overall reduction in heterozygosity compared to other vulture species that occur in south africa (gypaetus barbatus, necrosyrtes monachus, and gyps africanus). bay ... | 2019 | 30940898 |
| microsatellite genotypes of the south african cape vulture, gyps coprotheres. | across the globe, vulture species are experiencing major population declines. a key factor for the long-term persistence of these endangered species is the maintenance of genetic diversity patterns within wild populations. the datasets presented in this descriptor includes microsatellite genotypes of 605 cape vultures (gyps coprotheres) drawn from across the southern african distribution of the species. microsatellites are useful in quantifying genetic diversity at the population level. populati ... | 2019 | 31604955 |
| does the renal portal valve exist in a raptor species? a study aimed at further evaluating the mechanism of toxicity of diclofenac in vultures. | diclofenac has been responsible for the deaths of millions of vultures on the asian subcontinent. while the pathology of toxicity is well described, the mechanism of toxicity remains elusive. however, it was postulated that toxicity could be related to the unique avian renal vascular structure known as the renal portal valve and that that diclofenac altered valve functionality with subsequent renal ischaemia. while plausible, the valva renalis portalis has only been described in a small number o ... | 2020 | 32608095 |
| the subgenus persicargas (ixodoidea, argasidae, argas), 5. a. (p.) zumpti, new species, a parasite of the south african cape vulture. | | 1968 | 5655798 |
| bone abnormalities in the cape vulture (gyps coprotheres). | | 1981 | 7265106 |
| the use of ketamine hydrochloride in the immobilisation of the cape vulture gyps coprotheres. | ketamine hydrochloride was successfully used at a dosage rate ranging from 7.5-28.8 mg kg-1 to immobilise cape vultures gyps coprotheres (n = 7). | 1987 | 3508208 |
| serum biochemical and haematological parameters in the cape vulture gyps coprotheres. | serum concentrations of total proteins, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, urea, creatinine, total calcium, ionised calcium, total magnesium, sodium chloride, potassium, phosphorus, cortisol, parathormone, 25-hydroxy-vitd3 and insulin as well as the results of haematological investigations in cape vultures (n = 10) are presented. | 1987 | 3508209 |
| the toxicokinetics of ketoprofen in gyps coprotheres: toxicity due to zero-order metabolism. | in a safety study, cape griffon vultures (gyps coprotheres) were dosed with ketoprofen at single doses of ~1 mg/kg (n = 5) and 5 mg/kg (n = 11). no toxicity was reported in the 1 mg/kg group, with the auc(inf), v(z) and cl being 10.42 μg/ml h, 0.37 l/kg and 0.10 l/h kg, respectively. toxicity occurred in the 5 mg/kg group, with 7 of the 11 birds dying. clinical signs of toxicity included depression, loss of appetite and apparent coma. animals died within 48 h of dosing. the auc(inf), v(z) and cl ... | 2010 | 20140424 |
| lead toxicity: consequences and interventions in an intensively managed (gyps coprotheres) vulture colony. | the national zoological gardens of south africa (nzg) is involved in the ex situ conservation of gyps coprotheres, the cape griffon vulture (cgv) and houses 24 birds in a 100-yr-old aviary. following the death of one vulture with high liver lead concentrations, an investigation was launched to ascertain the source(s) and consequences of lead toxicity in this breeding colony. whole blood from 24 cgv, paint from the enclosure, water, and soil sampled at various locations within the enclosure were ... | 2012 | 23082521 |
| do power lines and protected areas present a catch-22 situation for cape vultures (gyps coprotheres)? | cape vulture gyps coprotheres populations have declined across their range due to multiple anthropogenic threats. their susceptibility to fatal collisions with the expanding power line network and the prevalence of carcasses contaminated with illegal poisons and other threats outside protected areas are thought to be the primary drivers of declines in southern africa. we used gps-gsm units to track the movements and delineate the home ranges of five adult (mean ±sd minimum convex polygon area = ... | 2013 | 24137496 |
| the safety and pharmacokinetics of carprofen, flunixin and phenylbutazone in the cape vulture (gyps coprotheres) following oral exposure. | the following study evaluates the overt toxic potential of carprofen (crp), flunixin (fxn) and phenylbutazone (pbz) in old world vultures in relation to historic toxicity data for diclofenac and ketoprofen, with the cape vulture (gyps coprotheres) being the indicator species. the toxic potential of a single oral dose of crp (11.5 mg/kg), fxn (1 mg/kg),pbz (1.7 mg/kg) or water was evaluated by means of a four-way parallel study (n = 2), as means of ascertaining if these drugs were as toxic as dic ... | 2015 | 26512724 |
| serum and plasma cholinesterase activity in the cape griffon vulture (gyps coprotheres). | vulture (accipitridae) poisonings are a concern in south africa, with hundreds of birds dying annually. although some of these poisonings are accidental, there has been an increase in the number of intentional baiting of poached rhinoceros (rhinocerotidae) and elephant (elephantidae) carcasses to kill vultures that alert officials to poaching sites by circling overhead. the primary chemicals implicated are the organophosphorous and carbamate compounds. although most poisoning events can be ident ... | 2016 | 26981685 |
| allozyme variation in four populations of african whitebacked vultures (gyps africanus) and phylogenetic relationships between four vulture species from southern africa. | genetic variation detected by protein electrophoresis at 41 presumptive gene loci was assayed in four populations of gyps africanus and compared to values previously obtained for gyps coprotheres. values calculated for percentage of polymorphic loci (p=34.15%, 0.99 criterion) and average heterozygosity (&hmacr;=0.108, +/-0.032) in g. africanus, confirm low levels of genetic variation as reported for g. coprotheres. allele frequency data, assessed at 19 loci, were obtained to evaluate genetic dif ... | 2001 | 11274771 |
| veterinary diclofenac threatens africa's endangered vulture species. | veterinary diclofenac has been responsible for the devastation of three species of gyps vulture on the indian subcontinent, and it is now regarded as one of the worst environmental contaminants in the recent past. while measures have been taken to control the manufacture of veterinary diclofenac in south asia, the promotion of diclofenac on the african continent poses a risk to vultures in this region. in southern africa, the species of greatest conservation concern is the cape griffon vulture ( ... | 2009 | 19545505 |
| lead ingestion as a potential contributing factor to the decline in vulture populations in southern africa. | vulture populations in southern africa have been on the decline for years, which unlike the asian vulture crisis, has no one specific cause. reasons attributable are deliberate and secondary poisonings, drowning, power line injuries, electrocutions, traditional medicine ("muti" trade) and calcium deficiencies. however, lead toxicity as a potential causal factor is hardly mentioned. the potential for lead toxicity needs to be considered as substantial game hunting occurs in the region with little ... | 2017 | 27771569 |
| confirmed organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisonings in south african wildlife (2009-2014). | during a six-year period (from january 2009 to december 2014), specimens collected from 344 cases of suspected organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisonings in wildlife, including birds, were submitted to the toxicology laboratory (arc-ovi) for analysis. a positive diagnosis was made in 135 (39%) of these cases. the majority of cases were from birds, which included cape vultures (gyps coprotheres) and african white-backed vultures (gyps africanus) and bateleur eagles (terathopius ecaudatus ... | 2015 | 26824339 |
| the pied crow (corvus albus) is insensitive to diclofenac at concentrations present in carrion. | diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid), kills vultures (gyps spp.) that consume tainted carcasses. as a result, vulture populations in india, nepal, and pakistan have been devastated. studies on meloxicam and ketoprofen demonstrated that the toxicity of the nsaids is unpredictable, thereby necessitating individual testing of all available nsaids. because it is no longer practical to use vultures for toxicity testing, we evaluated the pied crow (corvus albus) as a model. pied c ... | 2011 | 22102664 |
| toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to gyps vultures: a new threat from ketoprofen. | three gyps vulture species are on the brink of extinction in south asia owing to the veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) diclofenac. carcasses of domesticated ungulates are the main food source for asia's vultures and birds die from kidney failure after consuming diclofenac-contaminated tissues. here, we report on the safety testing of the nsaid ketoprofen, which was not reported to cause mortality in clinical treatment of scavenging birds and is rapidly eliminated from lives ... | 2010 | 20007163 |
| thrombocyte morphology and morphometric observations in two vulture species. | the important role of thrombocytes in hemostasis is well documented, but little information is available on the thrombocyte morphology of avian species, including vultures. | 2009 | 19351332 |
| naturally acquired antibodies to bacillus anthracis protective antigen in vultures of southern africa. | sera from 19 wild caught vultures in northern namibia and 15 (12 wild caught and three captive bred but with minimal histories) in north west province, south africa, were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies to the bacillus anthracis toxin protective antigen (pa). as assessed from the baseline established with a control group of ten captive reared vultures with well-documented histories, elevated titres were found in 12 of the 19 (63%) wild caught namibian bird ... | 2008 | 18788202 |
| the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in vultures. | vulture populations across the asian subcontinent have declined dramatically in the last 15 years and are now on the verge of extinction. although the cause of the population decline was initially unknown, the decrease has recently been conclusively linked to the use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in cattle that inadvertently ended up in the vulture food chain. with the vulture numbers continuing to decline by up to 48% a year, the indian, nepali and pakistan governments h ... | 2008 | 18307504 |
| persistent organochlorine pesticides detected in blood and tissue samples of vultures from different localities in south africa. | gas chromatography was used to establish the presence of quantifiable residues of 14 persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants in whole blood, clotted blood, heart, kidney, liver and muscle samples obtained from individual african whitebacked (pseudogyps africanus), cape griffon (gyps coprotheres) and lappetfaced (torgos tracheliotos) vultures from different localities in south africa. the levels of pesticides measured in whole blood samples of live specimens were compared between nestlings ... | 2001 | 11461840 |