| characterization of an avianpox virus isolated from an andean condor (vultur gryphus). | a novel pox virus, condorpox virus (cpv) isolated from the spleen of an andean condor (vultur gryphus) by inoculation of chorioallantoic membranes (cam) of specific pathogen free (spf) chicken embryos was compared biologically, antigenically and genetically with fowlpox virus (fpv), the type species of the genus avipoxvirus. susceptible chickens inoculated with cpv developed only mild localized lesions but were not protected against subsequent challenge with fpv. based on western blotting, in ad ... | 2003 | 14559171 |
| lead poisoning in captive andean condors (vultur gryphus). | elevated lead in the tissues of raptors, especially those that scavenge, is a common occurrence, and lead poisoning appears to be a significant problem in the ongoing recovery effort for california condors (gymnogyps californianus). elevated blood lead levels have been found in released birds, and a number of birds have died of lead poisoning. in earlier work, we dosed turkey vultures (cathartes aura) with lead shot but found them to be a poor model for lead poisoning. in this study, we dosed fo ... | 2006 | 17255443 |
| nuisance ecology: do scavenging condors exact foraging costs on pumas in patagonia? | predation risk describes the energetic cost an animal suffers when making a trade off between maximizing energy intake and minimizing threats to its survival. we tested whether andean condors (vultur gryphus) influenced the foraging behaviors of a top predator in patagonia, the puma (puma concolor), in ways comparable to direct risks of predation for prey to address three questions: 1) do condors exact a foraging cost on pumas?; 2) if so, do pumas exhibit behaviors indicative of these risks?; an ... | 2013 | 23301093 |
| table scraps: inter-trophic food provisioning by pumas. | large carnivores perform keystone ecological functions through direct predation, or indirectly, through food subsidies to scavengers or trophic cascades driven by their influence on the distributions of their prey. pumas (puma concolor) are an elusive, cryptic species difficult to study and little is known about their inter-trophic-level interactions in natural communities. using new gps technology, we discovered that pumas in patagonia provided 232 ± 31 kg of edible meat/month/100 km(2) to near ... | 2012 | 22696284 |
| first isolation of tandemly repeated dna sequences in new world vultures and phylogenetic implications. | a highly repeated dna sequence composed of closely related subunits that ranged from 171 to 176 base pairs has been cloned and characterized in the king vulture (sarcoramphus papa). related sequences were also isolated in the black vulture (coragyps atratus). this new family of avian repetitive dna elements is here termed the "haeiii family." genomic dnas from a number of avian species were probed with one of the king vulture restriction fragments. in the cathartids, the hybridization patterns s ... | 1996 | 8851796 |
| need and seek for dietary micronutrients: endogenous regulation, external signalling and food sources of carotenoids in new world vultures. | among birds, vultures show low concentrations of plasma carotenoids due to the combination of their large size, general dull colouration and a diet based on carrion. we recorded the concentration of each carotenoid type present in plasma of the andean condor (vultur gryphus) according to age and sex, that determine colour signalling and dominance hierarchies in the carcasses. we compared the carotenoid profile in wild condors with that of captive condors fed with a controlled diet of flesh to te ... | 2013 | 23785435 |
| [the hemoglobin of adult andean condors (vultur gryphus, cathartiformes). the amino acid sequence of the major (hba) and minor component (hbd)]. | the complete amino-acid sequence of the alpha a- and the beta-chains of the major component (hba) and the alpha d- and the beta-chains of the minor component (hbd) of andean condor (vultur gryphus) is presented. the minor component with the alpha d-chains is present in smaller amounts (17%) than in other birds (25%). the comparison with the corresponding chains of greylag goose (anser anser) shows 17 different amino acids (17 nucleotides, only one-point mutations) in the alpha a-chains and 8 (8 ... | 1985 | 4091972 |
| mercury in the feathers of bird scavengers from two areas of patagonia (argentina) under the influence of different anthropogenic activities: a preliminary study. | mercury (hg) is a global pollutant that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in food chains and is associated with adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. we used feather samples from bird scavengers to evaluate hg concentrations in two different areas of northern patagonia. hg concentrations were analyzed in feathers obtained from turkey vultures (cathartes aura), black vultures (coragyps atratus), and southern crested caracaras (caracara plancus) from the two areas of northern patagonia (argen ... | 2018 | 29512014 |
| genomic data reveal international lineages of critical priority escherichia coli harbouring wide resistome in andean condors (vultur gryphus linnaeus, 1758). | critical priority pathogens have globally disseminated beyond clinical settings, thereby threatening wildlife. andean condors (vultur gryphus) are essential for ecosystem health and functioning, but their populations are globally near threatened and declining due to anthropogenic activities. during a microbiological and genomic surveillance study of critical priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens, we identified pandemic lineages of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-produc ... | 2020 | 32335957 |
| temporal changes in metal concentrations in andean condor feathers: a potential influence of volcanic activity. | geothermal activities (e.g., volcanic eruptions) represent one of the most important natural sources of metal emissions (heavy metals and metalloids). they can be one of the main risks for the ecosystems in regions like north of argentiniean patagonia, a sparsely populated area, close to an extensive network of active volcanoes on the andes range. the 2011 eruption of the puyehue-cordon caulle volcanic complex (pccvc) has been the largest volcanic event of the last decades. the effects of exposu ... | 2020 | 32356051 |
| cliffs used as communal roosts by andean condors protect the birds from weather and predators. | the quality and availability of resources influence the geographical distribution of species. social species need safe places to rest, meet, exchange information and obtain thermoregulatory benefits, but those places may also serve other important functions that have been overlooked in research. we use a large soaring bird that roosts communally in cliffs, the andean condor (vultur gryphus), as a model species to elucidate whether roost locations serve as a refuge from adverse weather conditions ... | 2013 | 23826262 |
| population sex ratios: another consideration in the reintroduction - reinforcement debate? | reintroduction or reinforcement (rorr) of wild populations is a common conservation strategy. many conservation projects involve the release of individuals of poorly studied species. this may lead to inefficient results or negative impacts on the conservation efforts. here, we provide new insights into the conservation implications and potential consequences of a skew in the sex ratio of released birds and of the number of birds supplemented for the demography of a long-lived dimorphic bird spec ... | 2013 | 24086641 |
| effect of acth on plasma corticosterone and cortisol in eagles and condors. | the effect of acth on plasma corticosterone and cortisol was determined in 12 eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) and in 6 andean condors (vultur gryphus). in all raptors, the concentration of plasma corticosterone was substantially greater than that of cortisol. after acth administration, the eagles had a marked increase (p less than 0.001) in plasma corticosterone concentrations, but not in plasma cortisol. administration of saline solution did not induce increased plasma corticosterone concentr ... | 1985 | 3000999 |
| second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in a captive andean condor (vultur gryphus). | a 28-year-old female andean condor (vultur gryphus) housed in an outside exhibit at the national aviary in pittsburgh, pa, began showing signs of weakness. toxicosis with an anticoagulant rodenticide was suspected because its mate had died 1 day earlier from possible brodifacoum poisoning. a rapid decline in the packed cell volume, despite vitamin k1 treatment, necessitated a blood transfusion with blood from bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) and steller's sea eagles (haliaeetus pelagicus). ... | 2017 | 28891692 |
| repeated conservation threats across the americas: high levels of blood and bone lead in the andean condor widen the problem to a continental scale. | wildlife lead exposure is an increasing conservation threat that is being widely investigated. however, for some areas of the world (e.g., south america) and certain species, research on this subject is still scarce or only local information is available. we analyzed the extent and intensity of lead exposure for a widely distributed threatened species, the andean condor (vultur gryphus). we conducted the study at two different scales: 1) sampling of birds received for rehabilitation or necropsy ... | 2017 | 27769769 |
| from daily movements to population distributions: weather affects competitive ability in a guild of soaring birds. | the ability of many animals to access and exploit food is dependent on the ability to move. in the case of scavenging birds, which use soaring flight to locate and exploit ephemeral resources, the cost and speed of movement vary with meteorological factors. these factors are likely to modify the nature of interspecific interactions, as well as individual movement capacity, although the former are less well understood. we used aeronautical models to examine how soaring performance varies with wea ... | 2013 | 24026471 |
| multi-locus phylogenetic inference among new world vultures (aves: cathartidae). | new world vultures are large-bodied carrion feeding birds in the family cathartidae, currently consisting of seven species from five genera with geographic distributions in north and south america. no study to date has included all cathartid species in a single phylogenetic analysis. in this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among all cathartid species using five nuclear (nuc; 4060bp) and two mitochondrial (mt; 2165bp) dna loci with fossil calibrated gene tree (27 outgroup ta ... | 2016 | 27601346 |
| high altitude respiration of birds. the primary structures of the major and minor hemoglobin component of adult european black vulture (aegypius monachus, aegypiinae). | the primary structures of the hemoglobin components hb a and hb d of the european black vulture (aegypius monachus) are presented. the globin chains were separated on cm-cellulose in 8m urea buffer. the amino-acid sequences were established by automatic edman degradation of the globin chains and the tryptic peptides in liquid phase and gas-phase sequenators. the sequences are compared with those of the golden eagle, and with those of the andean condor, a new world vulture. the possible evolution ... | 1987 | 3828077 |
| demography of avian scavengers after pleistocene megafaunal extinction. | the late quaternary megafauna extinctions reshaped species assemblages, yet we know little about how extant obligate scavengers responded to this abrupt ecological change. to explore whether obligate scavengers persisted by depending on contemporary community linkages or via foraging flexibility, we tested the importance of the trophic interaction between pumas (puma concolor) and native camelids (vicugna vicugna and lama guanicoe) for the persistence of andean condors (vultur gryphus) in southe ... | 2019 | 31273237 |
| plastic ingestion and dispersion by vultures may produce plastic islands in natural areas. | rubbish dumps can become an important environmental source of plastic. several species feed on organic waste from these sites, but at the same time are exposed to non-organic materials. species that can gather food in these sites might at the same time disperse waste consumed, but this has rarely been evaluated. we compare the occurrence of plastic debris in regurgitated pellets of three sympatric vultures from northwest patagonia, andean condors (vultur gryphus), black vultures (coragyps atratu ... | 2020 | 33035984 |
| latitudinal patterns in the diet of andean condor (vultur gryphus) in chile: contrasting environments influencing feeding behavior. | human-dominated environments alter the availability and quality of resources for many species, especially for scavengers that have large home ranges and plastic foraging behaviors that enable them to exploit novel resources. along the western slope of the andes, the modification of natural landscapes have resulted in significant declines in native prey, the introduction of non-native species, and an increase in the availability of anthropogenic resources. these factors have likely influenced the ... | 2020 | 32887000 |
| physical limits of flight performance in the heaviest soaring bird. | flight costs are predicted to vary with environmental conditions, and this should ultimately determine the movement capacity and distributions of large soaring birds. despite this, little is known about how flight effort varies with environmental parameters. we deployed bio-logging devices on the world's heaviest soaring bird, the andean condor (vultur gryphus), to assess the extent to which these birds can operate without resorting to powered flight. our records of individual wingbeats in >216 ... | 2020 | 32661147 |
| lead poisoning and aspergillosis in an andean condor. | | 1969 | 5388163 |
| gliding flight of the andean condor in nature. | | 1973 | 4705621 |
| flapping flight of the andean condor in nature. | | 1973 | 4705622 |
| isoflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia in an andean condor. | | 1985 | 4077638 |
| extracapsular extraction of senile cataract in an andean condor. | | 1985 | 4077639 |
| serum chemistry and antibody status to some avian pathogens of free-living and captive condors (vultur gryphus) of central chile. | this study provides information on serology and serum chemistry of the andean condor (vultur gryphus). twenty condors living under natural conditions were captured, blood sampled, measured, and released. in addition, 12 captive condors maintained at the metropolitan zoo of santiago, chile, were included as a comparison with free-living birds. all sera were negative to antibodies against reference strains of avian paramyxoviruses of serotypes 1 to 9, avian influenza and avian pox virus. free-livi ... | 1997 | 18484264 |
| energy beyond food: foraging theory informs time spent in thermals by a large soaring bird. | current understanding of how animals search for and exploit food resources is based on microeconomic models. although widely used to examine feeding, such constructs should inform other energy-harvesting situations where theoretical assumptions are met. in fact, some animals extract non-food forms of energy from the environment, such as birds that soar in updraughts. this study examined whether the gains in potential energy (altitude) followed efficiency-maximising predictions in the world's hea ... | 2011 | 22087301 |
| large-scale age-dependent skewed sex ratio in a sexually dimorphic avian scavenger. | age-dependent skewed sex ratios have been observed in bird populations, with adult males generally outnumbering females. this trend is mainly driven by higher female mortality, sometimes associated with anthropogenic factors. despite the large amount of work on bird sex ratios, research examining the spatial stability of adult sex ratios is extremely scarce. the andean condor (vultur gryphus) is the only bird of prey with strong sexual dimorphism favouring males (males are 30% heavier than femal ... | 2012 | 23029488 |
| electrocardiography in conscious releasable andean condors (vultur gryphus): reference panel and unusual findings. | electrocardiography is a useful tool when included in healthcare protocols and is increasingly utilized for monitoring wild birds. however, the lack of reference data for many species is limiting the clinical value of this technique. in this study 26 andean condors (vultur gryphus) coming from rehabilitation and captive breeding programs were examined to determine electrocardiographic references prior to being released. standard bipolar (i, ii, and iii) and augmented unipolar limb (avr, avl, and ... | 2013 | 23386535 |
| investigating the impact of large carcass feeding on the behavior of captive andean condors (vultur gryphus) and its perception by zoo visitors. | naturalistic feeding methods, such as the provision of whole carcasses to zoo animals, are potentially controversial because zoo visitors might not approve of them. however, since several species of zoo animals feed from large carcasses in the wild, this food type could benefit their welfare in captivity compared to other less-natural food types. scavengers in particular almost exclusively live on carcasses in nature; therefore, their welfare in captivity could significantly depend on the opport ... | 2015 | 25653198 |
| the type specimens, type localities and nomenclature of sarcoramphus vultures (aves: cathartidae), with a note on their speciation. | a nomenclatural review of sarcoramphus vultures resulted in the following: the genus sarcoramphus was described by duméril in 1805 rather than 1806. vultur papa linnaeus, 1758, is the type of sarcoramphus by subsequent monotypy (froriep in duméril 1806), not by vigors's (1825) designation. the type of the genus gypagus vieillot, 1816, is, by monotypy, vultur gryphus linnaeus, 1758, not vultur papa linnaeus, 1758. due to this, gypagus is a junior objective synonym of vultur linnaeus, 1758. gyparc ... | 2015 | 25781112 |
| andean condor (vultur gryphus) in ecuador: geographic distribution, population size and extinction risk. | the andean condor (vultur gryphus) in ecuador is classified as critically endangered. before 2015, standardized and systematic estimates of geographic distribution, population size and structure were not available for this species, hampering the assessment of its current status and hindering the design and implementation of effective conservation actions. in this study, we performed the first quantitative assessment of geographic distribution, population size and population viability of andean c ... | 2016 | 26986004 |
| topography and morphology of retinal ganglion cells in falconiforms: a study on predatory and carrion-eating birds. | the topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells and their cell body size have been studied in five falconiform species, including predatory (chilean eagle buteo fuscenses australis, and sparrow hawk falco sparverius) and carrion-eating (chimango caracara milvago chimango; condor vultur gryphus, and black vulture coragyps atratus) birds. all these species had a well defined nasal fovea and a horizontal streak. instead of a temporal fovea as in eagles and hawks, an afoveate temporal area is ... | 1991 | 2012314 |
| plasma carotenoids and immunity in a despotic avian scavenger. | carotenoids are pigmented compounds acquired through diet that have important functions as antioxidants and immune modulators. we studied the association between immunity and circulating carotenoids in andean condors (vultur gryphus). we evaluated the relationship between α-, β-, and γ-globulin blood concentrations and different circulating carotenoids in two groups of andean condors that differ in their mean health status, rehabilitating (suffering different pathologies), and wild individuals ( ... | 2020 | 32649061 |
| protein electrophoresis in andean condors (vultur gryphus): reference values and differences between wild and rehabilitating individuals. | the study of wildlife health greatly contributes to understanding population dynamics and detecting conservation threats. the determination of the different fractions of plasma proteins (proteinogram) is an important laboratory tool to study wildlife health. the aim of this study was to characterize protein electrophoresis in wild andean condors (vultur gryphus) from north-western patagonia and to evaluate differences according to age and sex classes. once reference values of wild, apparently he ... | 2019 | 31541494 |
| pigmentation and not only sex and age of individuals affects despotism in the andean condor. | attributes such as sex, age and pigmentation of individuals could correspond to the competitive skills they use to access resources and, consequently, determine their social status when a hierarchy of dominance is established. we analysed patterns of social dominance in relation to sex, age and, for the first time, according to face pigmentation in a large scavenger bird species, the andean condor (vultur gryphus). this species displays extreme sexual dimorphism, with males being up to 50% heavi ... | 2018 | 30356333 |
| phenotypic and genomic properties of brachybacterium vulturis sp. nov. and brachybacterium avium sp. nov. | two strains, vm2412t and vr2415t, were isolated from the feces of an andean condor (vultur gryphus) living in seoul grand park, gyeonggi-do, south korea. cells of both strains were observed to be gram-stain positive, non-motile, aerobic, catalase positive and oxidase negative. growth was found to occur at 10-30°c, showing optimum growth at 30°c. the strains could tolerate up to 15% (w/v) nacl concentration and grow at ph 6-9. the strains shared 99.3% 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to each oth ... | 2018 | 30131788 |
| tracking data and retrospective analyses of diet reveal the consequences of loss of marine subsidies for an obligate scavenger, the andean condor. | over the last century, marine mammals have been dramatically reduced in the world's oceans. we examined evidence that this change caused dietary and foraging pattern shifts of the andean condor (vultur gryphus) in patagonia. we hypothesized that, after the decrease in marine mammals and the increase in human use of coastlines, condor diet changed to a more terrestrial diet, which in turn influenced their foraging patterns. we evaluated the diet by means of stable isotope analysis (δ13c, δ15n and ... | 2018 | 29848650 |
| education can improve the negative perception of a threatened long-lived scavenging bird, the andean condor. | human-wildlife conflicts currently represent one of the main conservation problems for wildlife species around the world. vultures have serious conservation concerns, many of which are related to people's adverse perception about them due to the belief that they prey on livestock. our aim was to assess local perception and the factors influencing people's perception of the largest scavenging bird in south america, the andean condor. for this, we interviewed 112 people from valle fértil, san juan ... | 2017 | 28950019 |
| sexual-size dimorphism modulates the trade-off between exploiting food and wind resources in a large avian scavenger. | animals are expected to synchronize activity routines with the temporal patterns at which resources appear in nature. accordingly, species that depend on resources showing temporally mismatched patterns should be expected to schedule routines that balance the chances of exploiting each of them. large avian scavengers depend on carcasses which are more likely available early in the morning, but they also depend on wind resources (i.e. uplifts) to subside flight which are stronger in afternoon hou ... | 2017 | 28904381 |