| how well do food distributions predict spatial distributions of shorebirds with different degrees of self-organization? | 1. habitat selection models usually assume that the spatial distributions of animals depend positively on the distributions of resources and negatively on interference. however, the presence of conspecifics at a given location also signals safety and the availability of resources. this may induce followers to select contiguous patches and causes animals to cluster. resource availability, interference and attraction therefore jointly lead to self-organized patterns in foraging animals. 2. we anal ... | 2010 | 20337758 |
| survey of influenza viruses in feral birds in 1979 and isolation of a strain possessing hav6nav5 from cloaca of an eastern dunlin. | | 1981 | 7343689 |
| non-immune fab- and fc- mediated interactions of avian ig with s. aureus and group c and g streptococci. | serum samples from 19 avian species representing 8 orders were tested for their capacity to inhibit the fab- and fc-mediated immunoglobulin binding to protein a-carrying s. aureus and protein g-carrying group c and g streptococci. four species (mallard, dunlin, starling and blackbird) belonging to three different orders showed a high degree of fc-mediated protein a- and protein g-reactivity. five species demonstrated a high level and nine species exhibited a low level of fab-mediated protein a-r ... | 1988 | 3126785 |
| organochlorine contamination in shorebirds from washington state and the significance for their falcon predators. | arctic-breeding shorebirds collected in western washington state during winter and spring, and a comparative sample collected in coastal california during the winter were analyzed for organochlorine contaminants to determine the potential impact of these residues on populations of peregrine falcons (falco peregrinus) and merlins (f. columbarius) which prey upon shorebirds in western washington. dunlins (calidris alpina), an important winter prey for falcons in western washington, were collected ... | 1987 | 24254183 |
| winter body mass and over-ocean flocking as components of danger management by pacific dunlins. | we compared records of the body mass and roosting behavior of pacific dunlins (calidris alpina pacifica) wintering on the fraser river estuary in southwest british columbia between the 1970s and the 1990s. 'over-ocean flocking' is a relatively safe but energetically-expensive alternative to roosting during the high tide period. fat stores offer protection against starvation, but are a liability in escape performance, and increase flight costs. peregrine falcons (falco peregrinus) were scarce on ... | 2010 | 20092617 |
| do estuaries pose a toxic contamination risk for wading birds? | the impact of potentially toxic chemicals on wildlife is commonly assessed by comparing the intake of the contaminant with the "no observable effects level" (noael) of intake. it is known, however, that there are considerable uncertainties inherent in this method. this study presents a monte-carlo based model to assess the degree of risk posed to birds (dunlin, calidris alpina) from important estuarine habitats, and to show the limitations of such risk assessments, particularly with regard to da ... | 2009 | 19533343 |
| concentrations of 17 elements, including mercury, in the tissues, food and abiotic environment of arctic shorebirds. | exposure to contaminants is one hypothesis proposed to explain the global decline in shorebirds, and is also an increasing concern in the arctic. we assessed potential contaminants (as, be, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, mo, ni, pb, sb, se, tl, v, and zn) at a shorebird breeding site in nunavut, canada. we compared element levels in soil, invertebrates and shorebird blood to assess evidence for bioconcentration and biomagnification within the arctic-based food chain. we tested whether elements in b ... | 2011 | 21762958 |
| [effects of environmental factors on the distribution of dominant wintering waterfowl species in east dongting lake wetland, south-central china]. | east dongting lake is one of the national nature reserves in china, and an important habitat for the wintering of waterfowls in china, and even, global wetlands. to study the relationships between waterfowl community and environmental factors is of vital significance in providing useful data and necessary information for the restoration of bird habitat. in the winters of 2010 and 2011, a survey was conducted on the wintering waterfowls in east dongting lake wetland, and canonical correspondence ... | 2013 | 23705401 |
| wild bird surveillance for avian paramyxoviruses in the azov-black sea region of ukraine (2006 to 2011) reveals epidemiological connections with europe and africa. | despite the existence of 10 avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotypes, very little is known about the distribution, host species, and ecological factors affecting virus transmission. to better understand the relationship among these factors, we conducted apmv wild bird surveillance in regions of ukraine suspected of being intercontinental (north to south and east to west) flyways. surveillance for apmv was conducted in 6,735 wild birds representing 86 species and 8 different orders during 2006 to 201 ... | 2014 | 24973063 |
| [community composition, seasonal dynamics and interspecific correlation of waterbirds in the qiantangjiang river estuary and hangzhou bay]. | waterbird surveys were conducted regularly in the qiantangjiang river estuary and hangzhou bay from july 2007 to november 2011. a total of 128 species (nine orders and 18 families) were recorded, including 119 migrants which accounted for 93% of the total species; eleven species were listed as national protected species. inter-specific correlation analysis for 13 shorebird populations and nine duck populations recorded over time found that 21 pairs of shorebirds and 23 pairs of ducks were correl ... | 2011 | 22184022 |
| seasonal dynamics of wintering waterbirds in two shallow lakes along yangtze river in anhui province. | the shallow lake wetlands in the middle and lower yangtze river floodplain are important wintering and stopover habitats for migratory waterbirds on the east asia-australia flyway. with increasing fishery practices in recent years, however, the wetlands have deteriorated significantly and now threaten wintering waterbirds. to gain insight into the influence of deteriorating wetlands on waterbirds, we conducted a survey of wintering waterbird species, population size, and distribution across 11 b ... | 2011 | 22006808 |
| experimental challenge and pathology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 in dunlin (calidris alpina), an intercontinental migrant shorebird species. | please cite this paper as: hall et┬áal. (2011). experimental challenge and pathology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 in dunlin (calidris alpina), an intercontinental migrant shorebird species. influenza and other respiratory viruses 5(5), 365-372. backgroundôçé shorebirds (charadriiformes) are considered one of the primary reservoirs of avian influenza. because these species are highly migratory, there is concern that infected shorebirds may be a mechanism by which highly pathoge ... | 2011 | 21668687 |
| new records of digenean flukes (trematoda) in birds in poland. | eleven new records of digenean species are reported in birds in poland, i.e. tylodelphys immer found in gavia stellata, strigea vanderbrokae in pernis apivorus, echinostoma academica in numenius arquata, echinochasmus euryporus in buteo buteo, patagifer parvispinosus and petasiger grandivesicularis in tachybaptus ruficollis, notocotyloides petasatus in calidris alpina, plagiorchis arcuatus in corvus cornix, leyogonimus polyoon in gallinula chloropus and fulica atra, lyperosomum alaudae in sylvia ... | 2010 | 20450011 |
| leptin is synthesized in the liver and adipose tissue of the dunlin (calidris alpina). | fat is the main source of energy for birds during a long-distance flight. migration routes are usually divided into several steps. in stopover sites migratory birds restore energy reserves needed for continuation of migration. during a long-distance flight and when foraging at a stopover site birds should be able to assess their actual reserves accumulated in the form of fat stores. the information about energy being stored in body reserves may be provided by circulating factors involved in body ... | 2006 | 16730725 |
| impacts of man-made landscape features on numbers of estuarine waterbirds at low tide. | the potential impact of human disturbance on wintering waterbirds using intertidal mudflats was considered by relating their numbers to the presence of nearby footpaths, roads, railroads, and towns. data were obtained for six english estuaries from the wetland bird survey low tide count scheme. counts were undertaken monthly from november to february, and data were available for an average of 2.8 years per estuary for the period 1992-1993 to 1999-2000. count sections and the positions of man-mad ... | 2002 | 12402099 |
| breeding origin and migration pattern of dunlin (calidris alpina) revealed by mitochondrial dna analysis. | the large-scale migration of birds has been studied extensively by recoveries of ringed birds. however, there is very little ringing data from the arctic breeding grounds of waders. here, the migration pattern of the dunlin, calidris alpina, is studied with population genetic markers, using haplotype frequencies to estimate the breeding origin of migrating and wintering populations. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction analysis of dna from the mitochondrial control region was used to ... | 2001 | 11380870 |
| susceptibility of avian hosts to experimental gymnophalloides seoi infection. | to determine whether avian species are susceptible to infection with gymnophalloides seoi (a human-infecting intestinal trematode), we exposed 7 species of birds with metacercariae obtained from oysters. the birds were necropsied at days 2, 4, and 6 postinfection (pi). the highest worm recovery at day 6 pi was obtained from the kentish plover (charadrius alexandrinus; mean = 56.0%), followed by the mongolian plover (c. mongolus; 49.3%), and the grey plover (pluvialis squatarola; 32.3%). in contr ... | 2001 | 11318587 |
| mitochondrial control-region sequences in two shorebird species, the turnstone and the dunlin, and their utility in population genetic studies. | we determined the mitochondrial control-region sequences of five turnstones (arenaria interpres) and three dunlins (calidris alpina). comparisons revealed that the central part (part ii) is conserved relative to much more variable parts at the beginning (part i) and the end (part iii). this pattern of sequence conservation is also found in the control regions of other vertebrates. the average sequence divergence between turnstone and dunlin was 21.8% for part i, 7.5% for part ii, and 29.5% for p ... | 1994 | 8121283 |
| experimental test of the effects of a non-native invasive species on a wintering shorebird. | the abundance of nearly one-quarter of the world's shorebird species is declining. at the same time, the number of non-native species in coastal ecosystems is increasing rapidly. in some cases, non-native species may affect negatively the abundance and diversity of shorebird prey species. we conducted an experimental study of the effects of the introduced european green crab (carcinus maenas) on prey consumption by wintering dunlin (calidris alpina) in a central california estuary. we placed gre ... | 2012 | 22394251 |
| understanding the energetic costs of living in saline environments: effects of salinity on basal metabolic rate, body mass and daily energy consumption of a long-distance migratory shorebird. | many migratory vertebrates typically move between habitats with varying salinities during the annual cycle. these organisms clearly exhibit a remarkable phenotypic flexibility in their 'osmoregulatory machinery', but the metabolic consequences of salinity acclimatization are still not well understood. we investigated the effects of salinity on basal metabolic rate (bmr), body mass and daily energy consumption of a long-distance migratory shorebird, the dunlin (calidris alpina), outside the breed ... | 2011 | 21307070 |
| informed renesting decisions: the effect of nest predation risk. | animals should cue on information that predicts reproductive success. after failure of an initial reproductive attempt, decisions on whether or not to initiate a second reproductive attempt may be affected by individual experience and social information. if the prospects of breeding success are poor, long-lived animals in particular should not invest in current reproductive success (crs) in case it generates costs to future reproductive success (frs). in birds, predation risk experienced during ... | 2014 | 24292796 |
| short-term effects of reclamation of part of seal sands, teesmouth, on wintering waders and shelduck : i. shorebird diets, invertebrate densities, and the impact of predation on the invertebrates. | the invertebrate macrofauna of seal sands, teesmouth, is very limited in species composition. nereis diversicolor has a two-year life cycle; the larger size-class provides the main prey of the birds pluvialis squatarola, numenius arquata and limosa lapponica. hydrobia ulvae is an important food of p. squatarola and calidris canutus. small carcinus maenas occur in late autumn and are taken by the larger shorebirds. small macoma balthica are also taken, but are scarce and not an important bird foo ... | 1979 | 28308862 |
| seasonal variations in the diet and foraging behaviour of dunlins calidris alpina in a south european estuary: improved feeding conditions for northward migrants. | during the annual cycle, migratory waders may face strikingly different feeding conditions as they move between breeding areas and wintering grounds. thus, it is of crucial importance that they rapidly adjust their behaviour and diet to benefit from peaks of prey abundance, in particular during migration, when they need to accumulate energy at a fast pace. in this study, we compared foraging behaviour and diet of wintering and northward migrating dunlins in the tagus estuary, portugal, by video- ... | 2013 | 24312532 |
| trace elements in pacific dunlin (calidris alpina pacifica): patterns of accumulation and concentrations in kidneys and feathers. | trace element concentrations were measured in pacific dunlin (calidris alpina pacifica) to identify factors that influence accumulation and to assess toxicity risks. we report concentrations of cadmium, copper, and zinc in kidneys as well as copper, lead, mercury, selenium and zinc in feathers. relationships between element concentrations and dunlin age, sex, bill length, habitat preference, trophic level, and sample group were investigated with regression analyses. stable isotope ratios of carb ... | 2015 | 25253642 |
| intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in dunlin (calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza. | waterfowl (anseriformes) and shorebirds (charadriiformes) are the most common wild vectors of influenza a viruses. due to their migratory behavior, some may transmit disease over long distances. migratory connectivity studies can link breeding and nonbreeding grounds while illustrating potential interactions among populations that may spread diseases. we investigated dunlin (calidris alpina), a shorebird with a subspecies (c. a. arcticola) that migrates from nonbreeding areas endemic to avian in ... | 2015 | 25685191 |
| trapped in the extinction vortex? strong genetic effects in a declining vertebrate population. | inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity are expected to increase the extinction risk of small populations, but detailed tests in natural populations are scarce. we combine long-term population and fitness data with those from two types of molecular markers to examine the role of genetic effects in a declining metapopulation of southern dunlins calidris alpina schinzii, an endangered shorebird. | 2010 | 20122269 |
| nereidid polychaetes as the major diet of migratory shorebirds on the estuarine tidal flats at fujimae-higata in japan. | the dietary items of five migratory shorebirds, dunlin (calidris alpina), red-necked stint (c. ruficollis), grey plover (pluvialis squatarola), whimbrel (numenius phaeopus) and black-headed gull (larus ridibundus), were examined by analyses of fecal droppings during the birds' migration or wintering and by surveys of macrobenthic fauna around their foraging sites on the tidal flats of fujimae-higata, nagoya, central japan. body parts of nereidid, capitellid, and spionid polychaetes and crustacea ... | 2007 | 17824775 |
| the use of distal rhynchokinesis by birds feeding in water. | the use of distal rhynchokinesis, which consists of the movement of the distal part of the upper jaw with respect to the cranium, is well documented in long-billed shorebirds (scolopacidae), commonly being associated with the deep probing feeding method. however, the functional and evolutionary significance of distal rhynchokinesis and other cranial kinesis is unclear. we report for the first time the use and occurrence of distal rhynchokinesis in wild long-billed shorebirds feeding on small pre ... | 2007 | 17951416 |
| helminth communities of three sympatric species of shorebirds (charadrii) from four summer seasons at bristol bay, alaska. | helminth communities in sympatric black turnstones (arenaria melanocephala), ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres), and dunlin (calidris alpina) were examined over 4 summers in bristol bay, alaska. the compound community, made up of component communities of all 3 species of hosts for 4 summer seasons (n=164), consisted of 43 helminth species, with cestodes, especially anomotaenia clavigera, accounting for 47% of the helminth species and 95% of the abundance. the black turnstone had significantly ... | 2007 | 17626338 |
| does growth rate determine the rate of metabolism in shorebird chicks living in the arctic? | we measured resting and peak metabolic rates (rmr and pmr, respectively) during development of chicks of seven species of shorebirds: least sandpiper (calidris minutilla; adult mass 20-22 g), dunlin (calidris alpina; 56-62 g), lesser yellowlegs (tringa flavipes; 88-92 g), short-billed dowitcher (limnodromus griseus; 85-112 g), lesser golden plover (pluvialis dominicana; 150-156 g), hudsonian godwit (limosa haemastica; 205-274 g), and whimbrel (numenius phaeopus; 380 g). we tested two opposing hy ... | 2007 | 17717813 |
| age-independent telomere length predicts fitness in two bird species. | telomeres are dynamic dna-protein structures that form protective caps at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. although initial telomere length is partly genetically determined, subsequent accelerated telomere shortening has been linked to elevated levels of oxidative stress. recent studies show that short telomere length alone is insufficient to induce cellular senescence; advanced attrition of these repetitive dna sequences does, however, reflect ageing processes. furthermore, telomeres vary wi ... | 2006 | 16629820 |
| the redistribution of non-breeding dunlins in response to the post-ddt recovery of falcons. | large-scale changes in predator populations are occurring worldwide due to (re-)introductions, over-exploitation, or recovery after decimation by pesticides and persecution. these widespread changes may affect the distribution of their prey. we studied the continental-scale distributions of non-breeding calidris alpina pacifica and c. a. hudsonia (pacific and atlantic dunlins, respectively), as numbers of their major predators-peregrines (falco peregrinus) and merlins (f. columbarius; together ' ... | 2017 | 28214947 |
| global mitochondrial dna phylogeography of holarctic breeding dunlins (calidris alpina). | comparison of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control-region sequences of 155 dunlins from 15 breeding populations confirmed the existence of five major phylogeographic groups in the circumpolar breeding range of this migratory shorebird species. time estimates of the origin of groups, based on sequence divergences and a molecular clock for birds, suggest a scenario of repeated fragmentation of populations in isolated tundra refugia during the late pleistocene. the distribution of about three-quarters ... | 1996 | 28568852 |
| complex biogeographic history of a holarctic passerine. | our analysis of the nd2 sequences revealed six clades within winter wrens (troglodytes troglodytes). these clades corresponded to six geographical regions: western nearctic, eastern nearctic, eastern asia, nepal, caucasus and europe, and differed by 3-8.8% of sequence divergence. differences among regions explained 96% of the sequence variation in winter wren. differences among individuals within localities explained 3% of the sequence variation, and differences among localities within regions e ... | 2004 | 15129966 |
| shorebird community variations indicative of a general perturbation in the mont-saint-michel bay (france). | the mont-saint-michel bay located on the east atlantic flyway is the first site in france for wintering shorebirds, with, on average, 53,000 individuals in january. seven species represent 96% of that community: dunlin (calidris alpina), knot (calidris canutus), oystercatcher (haematopus ostralegus), curlew (numenius arquata), grey plover (pluvialis squatarola), bar-tailed godwit (limosa lapponica) and black-tailed godwit (limosa limosa). the international bird census organised by wetlands inter ... | 2003 | 14558463 |
| effects of weather on daily body mass regulation in wintering dunlin. | we investigated the influence of changes in weather associated with winter storms on mass balance, activity and food consumption in captive dunlin (calidris alpina) held in outdoor aviaries, and compared the aviary results with weather-related body mass differences in free-living dunlin collected at bolinas lagoon, california. captive birds fed ad libitum increased their body mass at higher wind speeds and lower temperatures, suggesting regulation of energy stores, whereas free-living birds exhi ... | 2002 | 11818417 |
| [from some hymenolepididae (cestoda)of alaskan charadrii birds, where nadejdolepis bealli n.sp., is a parasite of calidris alpina]. | nadejdolepis bealli n. sp. a parasite from calidris alpina in alaska (usa), is described and illustrated. it is 3-4 cm long and has: rostral nitiduloid hooks 95-96 microm long, with the blade a little longer than the handle; three testes in a symmetrical triangle; a cirrus-sac 175 microm long, not crossing the median line; a cirrus borne on an unarmed basal bulb, 25 microm long when evaginated, and armed with numerous, compact and very thin spines 1 microm long; a short (25 microm) membranous an ... | 2001 | 11252278 |
| catabolic capacity of the muscles of shorebird chicks: maturation of function in relation to body size. | newly hatched precocial chicks of arctic shorebirds are able to walk and regulate their body temperatures to a limited extent. yet, they must also grow rapidly to achieve independence before the end of the short arctic growing season. a rapid growth rate may conflict with development of mature function, and because of the allometric scaling of thermal relationships, this trade-off might be resolved differently in large and small species. we assessed growth (mass) and functional maturity (catabol ... | 2006 | 11247744 |
| lead in the diet and body tissues of dunlins, calidris alpina, from the bristol channel, uk. | lead concentrations were determined in the organs of a shorebird, the dunlin, in its main invertebrate prey, and in sediments collected from five sites in the bristol channel. the highest sediment concentrations were found in the taff estuary (97 microg g(-1) dry mass). the highest concentrations in invertebrates were found in the upper severn estuary (45 microg g(-1) dry mass in nereis diversicolor). in dunlins, the highest concentrations were found in the sternum (25 microg g(-1) dry mass in m ... | 1997 | 15093430 |
| impacts of disturbance from construction work on the densities and feeding behavior of waterbirds using the intertidal mudflats of cardiff bay, uk. | the impact of disturbance from construction work around cardiff bay, south wales, on the densities and feeding behavior of seven waterbird species was studied over an 11-year period. construction of a barrage across the mouth of the bay has subsequently resulted in its impoundment; other major works included the construction of a bridge carrying a divided highway. construction work disturbance significantly reduced the densities of five species--green-winged teal (anas crecca), eurasian oysterca ... | 2002 | 12402100 |
| avian bmr in marine and non-marine habitats: a test using shorebirds. | basal metabolic rate (bmr) is closely linked to different habitats and way of life. in birds, some studies have noted that bmr is higher in marine species compared to those inhabiting terrestrial habitats. however, the extent of such metabolic dichotomy and its underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. migratory shorebirds (charadriiformes) offer a particularly interesting opportunity for testing this marine-non-marine difference as they are typically divided into two broad categories in terms ... | 2012 | 22860084 |
| effects of salinity on the immune response of an 'osmotic generalist' bird. | salt stress can suppress the immune function of fish and other aquatic animals, but such an effect has not yet been examined in air-breathing vertebrates that frequently cope with waters (and prey) of contrasting salinities. we investigated the effects of seawater salinity on the strength and cost of mounting an immune response in the dunlin calidris alpina, a long-distance migratory shorebird that shifts seasonally from freshwater environments during the breeding season to marine environments d ... | 2013 | 22782496 |
| selenium, mercury, arsenic and cadmium in the lifecycle of the dunlin, calidris alpina, a migrant wader. | migrant waders accumulate pollutants from their marine moulting and wintering grounds in western europe. in examining the possible consequences on the reproduction of the dunlin (calidris alpina), it was found that no adverse effects are to be expected from selenium, mercury, arsenic or cadmium. though selenium is accumulated in very high concentrations in the kidney, after the bird's departure from the marine environment for the freshwater breeding areas, levels decline rapidly. mercury exposur ... | 1989 | 2717922 |
| arsenic in the dunlin (calidris alpina) from the dutch waddenzee. | | 1985 | 4005438 |
| an integrated model for assessing heavy metal exposure risk to migratory birds in wetland ecosystem: a case study in dongting lake wetland, china. | heavy metal contamination is present in wetland ecosystem worldwide, and quantitative risk assessment model is significant. in this study, an exposure model was integrated for assessing heavy metal exposure risk to migratory birds in dongting lake wetland (dtw). the concentrations of cr, cu, pb, cd, hg and as in water, plant, soil and fish were investigated from 9 migratory bird habitats. the results showed that exposure doses from drinking water pathways were very low. there was a sensitive are ... | 2015 | 25876031 |
| grazed wet meadows are sink habitats for the southern dunlin (calidris alpina schinzii) due to nest trampling by cattle. | the effect of habitat management is commonly evaluated by measuring population growth, which does not distinguish changes in reproductive success from changes in survival or the effects of immigration or emigration. management has rarely been evaluated considering complete life cycle of the target organisms, including also possible negative impacts from management. we evaluated the effectiveness of cattle grazing in the restoration of coastal meadows as a breeding habitat for small and medium-si ... | 2016 | 28725390 |
| effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of arctic-breeding shorebirds. | geolocators are useful for tracking movements of long-distance migrants, but potential negative effects on birds have not been well studied. we tested for effects of geolocators (0.8-2.0 g total, representing 0.1-3.9 % of mean body mass) on 16 species of migratory shorebirds, including five species with 2-4 subspecies each for a total of 23 study taxa. study species spanned a range of body sizes (26-1091 g) and eight genera, and were tagged at 23 breeding and eight nonbreeding sites. we compared ... | 2016 | 27134752 |
| [advantages and limitations of interspecies associations in northern migratory sandpipers (charadrii, aves)]. | investigations were carried out at two stations of ornithological unit, ibpn feb ras, located in nizhnekolymsk district, yakutia, starting from may 15-20 in 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1990; at the northern coast of pukhovoy bay, southern island of novaya zemlya starting from june 1 in 1994; at cape beliy nos, the yugorsky peninsula, starting from june 1 in 1995-1997. classic associations are detected in interspecies flocks of sandpipers between the following species: the pacific golden plover a ... | 2015 | 25771678 |
| environmental contaminants in canadian shorebirds. | canadian shorebirds are exposed to environmental contaminants throughout their annual cycle. contaminant exposure among species varies with diet, foraging behaviour and migration patterns. we sampled twelve species of shorebirds from four locations across canada to assess their exposure to pcbs, organochlorine pesticides, as well as four trace elements (hg, se, cd, as). sigmapcb and sigmaddt followed by sigmachl were most frequently found above trace level in the shorebird carcasses. in general, ... | 2009 | 18340543 |
| heavy metal concentrations in feathers of korean shorebirds. | this study presents concentrations of zinc, manganese, copper, lead, and cadmium in the feather of five shorebird species from yeongjong island, korea in the east asian-australian migration flyways. the objectives of this study were to determine levels of heavy metal concentrations in the feathers of shorebirds, to evaluate the pattern of heavy metal concentrations in the feather and the liver, and to examine the correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the feathers and livers. we hypot ... | 2008 | 18080082 |
| lead and cadmium concentrations in shorebirds from the yeongjong island, korea. | this study presents concentration levels of pollutants (lead, and cadmium) in tissues (livers, kidneys, muscles, and bones) of shorebirds (kentish plovers (n = 5), mongolian plovers (n = 2), dunlins (n = 6), great knots (n = 10), terek sandpipers (n = 10)) from yeongjong island, korea in the east asian-australian migration flyways during the autumn migration in 1994-1995. lead concentrations in livers, in kidneys, in muscles, and in bones were significantly different among shorebird species. lea ... | 2007 | 17508263 |
| shorebird predation of horseshoe crab eggs in delaware bay: species contrasts and availability constraints. | 1. functional responses -- the relationship between resource intake rate and resource abundance -- are widely used in explaining predator-prey interactions yet many studies indicate that resource availability is crucial in dictating intake rates. 2. for time-stressed migrant birds refuelling at passage sites, correct decisions concerning patch use are crucial as they determine fattening rates and an individual's future survival and reproduction. measuring availability alongside abundance is esse ... | 2007 | 17439467 |
| trace elements and pollutants concentrations in shorebirds from yeongjong island, korea in the east asian-australian migration flyways. | this study presents concentration levels of trace metals and pollutants (zinc, manganese, copper, lead, and cadmium) in tissues (livers, kidneys, muscles, and bones) of shorebirds from yeongjong island, korea, in the east asian-australian migration flyways. essential trace elements, zinc concentrations in kidneys, and copper concentrations in muscles significantly differed among shorebirds, but manganese concentrations did not differ in each tissue. we suggest that essential elements are within ... | 2007 | 17404831 |
| arctic-nesting birds find physiological relief in the face of trophic constraints. | a climate-induced phenological mismatch between the timing of reproduction and the timing of food resource peaks is one of the key hypothesized effects of climate change on wildlife. though supported as a mechanism of population decline in birds, few studies have investigated whether the same temperature increases that drive this mismatch have the potential to decrease energetic costs of growth and compensate for the potential negative effects of reduced food availability. we generated independe ... | 2013 | 23657421 |
| circulating leptin levels do not reflect the amount of body fat in the dunlin calidris alpina during migration. | leptin is a peptide hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. studies in mammals have shown that circulating leptin levels reflect adiposity and that this adipocyte-derived cytokine acts as an afferent satiety signal to the brain, decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. since leptin has been found in the liver and adipose tissue of migratory birds that are able to accumulate fat reserves as endogenous fuel for flight, we hypothesized that ind ... | 2013 | 23583518 |
| phenological mismatch in arctic-breeding shorebirds: impact of snowmelt and unpredictable weather conditions on food availability and chick growth. | the ecological consequences of climate change have been recognized in numerous species, with perhaps phenology being the most well-documented change. phenological changes may have negative consequences when organisms within different trophic levels respond to environmental changes at different rates, potentially leading to phenological mismatches between predators and their prey. this may be especially apparent in the arctic, which has been affected more by climate change than other regions, res ... | 2019 | 31236253 |
| population-level body condition correlates with productivity in an arctic wader, the dunlin calidris alpina, during post-breeding migration. | weather and predation constitute the two main factors affecting the breeding success of those arctic waders whose productivity is highly variable over the years. we tested whether reproductive success is associated with the post-breeding condition of adults, in which in 'good' years (with warm weather, plentiful food and low predation pressure) the condition of breeders and their productivity is high. to verify this hypothesis, we used a 10-year dataset comprising 20,792 dunlins calidris alpina, ... | 2017 | 29091970 |
| incidental kill of dunlin and killdeer by strychnine. | strychnine poisoning of 36 dunlin (calidris alpina) and two killdeer (charadrius vociferus) in yolo county, california (usa) was documented from 11 to 17 december 1990. birds were found dead on a field containing treated wheat seeds (337 micrograms strychnine/g seed) in postures consistent with the known physiopathology of strychnine poisoning: rapid rigor mortis, wings folded over backs, straightened toes, and fecal material extruding from vents. five dunlin and two killdeer were necropsied, an ... | 1995 | 8592394 |
| cadmium in the diet and body tissues of dunlins calidris alpina, from the bristol channel, uk. | cadmium levels were determined in sediments, sediment-dwelling invertebrates and in one of their predators, the dunlin, at five sites in the bristol channel. the highest sediment cadmium levels were found in the taff estuary and at avonmouth. the highest invertebrate levels were found at avonmouth and swansea. in dunlins, the highest cadmium levels were found in the kidneys, followed by the liver, sternum and pectoral muscle. adult males had higher levels than adult females. although first year ... | 1994 | 15091640 |
| hypervariable-control-region sequences reveal global population structuring in a long-distance migrant shorebird, the dunlin (calidris alpina). | hypervariable segments of the control region of mtdna as well as part of the cytochrome b gene of dunlins were amplified with pcr and sequenced directly. the 910 base pairs (bp) obtained for each of 73 individuals complete another of the few sequencing studies that examine the global range of a vertebrate species. a total of 35 types of mtdna were detected, 33 of which were defined by the hypervariable-control-region segments. thirty of the latter were specific to populations of different geogra ... | 1993 | 8419948 |
| the metabolic output of avian (sturnus vulgaris, calidris alpina) adipose tissue liver and skeletal muscle: implications for bmr/body mass relationships. | 1. the oxygen uptake rate of avian adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle slices were measured. 2. the energy consumption of fat was less than one tenth that of liver and muscle. 3. thus, interspecific allometric equations for the prediction of basal metabolic rate from body mass will not be accurate throughout the avian annual cycle unless changes in body composition are taken into account. | 1992 | 1359954 |
| effects of drought on the abundance and distribution of non-breeding shorebirds in central california, usa. | conservation of migratory species requires anticipating the potential impacts of extreme climatic events, such as extreme drought. during drought, reduced habitat availability for shorebirds creates the potential for changes in their abundance and distribution, in part because many species are highly mobile and rely on networks of interior and coastal habitats. understanding how shorebirds responded to a recent drought cycle that peaked from 2013 to 2015 in central california, usa, will help opt ... | 2020 | 33085697 |
| spatial heterogeneity of the shorebird gastrointestinal microbiome. | the gastrointestinal tract (git) consists of connected structures that vary in function and physiology, and different git sections potentially provide different habitats for microorganisms. birds possess unique git structures, including the oesophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, caeca and large intestine. to understand birds as hosts of microbial ecosystems, we characterized the microbial communities in six sections of the git of two shorebird species, the dunlin and semipalmated ... | 2020 | 32218980 |
| male aerial display and reversed sexual size dimorphism in the dunlin | reversed sexual size dimorphism, with males smaller than females, is common in waders. the aerial display hypothesis suggests that sexual selection in males favours aerial agility, and hence small size, in species with male display flights. we tested this hypothesis in the dunlin, calidris alpinadisplay flights were uncommon in the early breeding season but increased markedly when females began laying. male display areas were largely overlapping, and display flight seemed to be mainly an adverti ... | 1997 | 9398382 |
| going to sleep with a full belly: thermal substitution by specific dynamic action in shorebirds. | many bird species occupy habitats where environmental temperatures fall well below their thermoneutral zone (tnz), so they must deal with high energy costs of thermoregulation to keep in heat balance. in such circumstances, specific dynamic action (sda) - also referred to as heat increment of feeding - could be used to substitute for these high thermoregulatory costs. if birds ingest food before going to roost in cold environments, the sda will be beneficial as an energy-conserving mechanism by ... | 2020 | 32197969 |
| louse flies of charadrii and scolopaci shorebirds migrating through central europe. | louse flies are blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals of veterinary and medical importance. these flies damage host skin and serve as vectors for blood-associated pathogens. little is known about their phenology, host selection, and prevalence in wild birds. our study provided a broad-scale assessment of louse flies parasitizing charadrii and scolopaci shorebirds during their migration through central europe. we collected louse flies from 3,129 specimens in 22 species of shorebirds at ... | 2020 | 31596675 |