| the isolation of conserved dna sequences related to the human sex-determining region y gene from the lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus). | the sex-determining region gene (sry) is a recently discovered candidate for the mammalian testis determining factor (tdf). the gene appears to form part of a family with several autosomal representatives. i have investigated the occurrence of sry-related sequences in birds. the polymerase chain reaction was used to isolate six homologues of the conserved motif of the sry gene from the lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus). female unique copies of the motif are apparently absent. sequence simi ... | 1991 | 1679546 |
| a novel avian w chromosome dna repeat sequence in the lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus). | the phenol emulsion reassociation technique was used to isolate and clone a female specific, repetitive dna sequence from larus fuscus. the repeat, designated p2000-17, is restricted to the w chromosome, although related sequences occur elsewhere in the genome of l. fuscus. similar sequences were detected in the genome of six other bird species from outside the genus laridae, but the sequence occurs less frequently and to a similar extent in both sexes. the 298 bp dna sequence of p2000-17 was de ... | 1990 | 2170084 |
| the longevity of some species of helminth parasites in naturally acquired infections of the lesser black-backed gull, larus fuscus l., in britain. | | 1973 | 4270862 |
| the effect of salt loading on the pituitary prolactin levels of the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos) and juvenile herring or lesser black-backed gulls (larus argentatus or larus fuscus). | | 1970 | 5471858 |
| occurrence of influenza a viruses and their antibodies in migratory birds in finland. | a finnish material of 455 cloacal specimens from 24 species of small migratory birds and of 54 cloacal specimens from 10 species of waterfowl was investigated for the occurrence of a type influenza virus. influenza a virus was isolated in only one specimen, originating from a mallard (anas platyrhynchos). parallely, yolk material from 109 waterfowl representing 9 species was investigated for the occurrence of influenza a antibodies by complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests. in three yolk ... | 1980 | 7232144 |
| low degree of isozyme variation within and between herring gull (larus argentatus), lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus) and their british and swedish subspecies. | | 1981 | 7298349 |
| carotenoid discrimination by the avian embryo: a lesson from wild birds. | the concentrations (microg/g wet yolk) of total carotenoids in eggs of the common moorhen (gallinula chloropus), american coot (fulica americana) and lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus), collected in the wild, were 47.5, 131.0 and 71.6, respectively. in contrast to data for eggs of the domestic chicken, beta-carotene was a significant component in the yolks of these three wild species, forming 25-29% by wt. of the total carotenoids present. the concentration of total carotenoids in the liver ... | 2001 | 11290456 |
| organochlorine concentrations in diseased vs. healthy gull chicks from the northern baltic. | the population decline of the nominate lesser black-backed gull larus fuscus fuscus in the gulf of finland (northern baltic) is caused by an exceedingly high chick mortality due to diseases. the chick diseases include degeneration in various internal organs (primarily liver), inflammations (mainly intestinal), and sepsis, the final cause of death. the hypothesis of starvation causing intestinal inflammations (leading to sepsis) was tested by attempting to reproduce lesions in apparently healthy ... | 2004 | 14638302 |
| egg-laying capacity is limited by carotenoid pigment availability in wild gulls larus fuscus. | in birds, experimentally increased egg production can reduce maternal condition, parenting ability and survival, and the quality of the eggs themselves. such costs probably reflect resource limitation, but the identity of the resource(s) in question remains unclear. carotenoids are antioxidants and immunomodulants that birds can only obtain in their diet. trade-offs in the allocation of limiting carotenoids between somatic maintenance and egg production could therefore be an important factor und ... | 2004 | 15101425 |
| environmental pollutants in endangered vs. increasing subspecies of the lesser black-backed gull on the norwegian coast. | organochlorine (oc) residues were measured in eggs and blood of different subspecies of the lesser black-backed gull, larus fuscus, on the norwegian coast: a) increasing l. f. intermedius in the north sea; b) endangered l. f. fuscus near the arctic circle; c) l. f. fuscus and greyish-mantled gulls, with a l. f. intermedius appearance, in the barents sea region. the dominating ocs in lesser black-backed gulls were polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (dde). dd ... | 2006 | 16564607 |
| perfluorinated and chlorinated pollutants as predictors of demographic parameters in an endangered seabird. | despite global occurrence of several perfluorinated compounds (pfcs) the potential ecological effects of such substances on natural populations are not known. in endangered lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus fuscus) on the norwegian coast, the blood concentrations of pfcs were as high as legacy organochlorines (ocs), and here we examined whether pfcs show associations similar to those of ocs to factors potentially affecting population growth, by evaluating relationships between contaminant ... | 2008 | 18329768 |
| organochlorine compounds and their metabolites in seven icelandic seabird species - a comparative study. | the present study is designed to assess the occurrence of a few organochlorine contaminants and their metabolites in eggs of different marine bird species in iceland, a country located in the sub-arctic of the north-western atlantic. previous investigations from e.g. sweden and the netherlands have shown some obvious differences in contaminant concentrations, including e.g. hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (oh-pcbs) in guillemot (uria aalge) and other bird species. eggs from sev ... | 2010 | 20356092 |
| differential annual movement patterns in a migratory species: effects of experience and sexual maturation. | some animals migrate long distances to exploit important seasonal food resources in the northern regions of the northern hemisphere, whilst avoiding winter starvation. changes in the individual's age and navigational skills are likely to affect migration, which in turn influences the geographic distribution of individuals. processes such as sexual maturation and navigational abilities are affected by age, and age is thus a key factor in understanding migration patterns and differences in distrib ... | 2011 | 21799853 |
| from birds to bacteria: generalised velocity jump processes with resting states. | there are various cases of animal movement where behaviour broadly switches between two modes of operation, corresponding to a long-distance movement state and a resting or local movement state. here, a mathematical description of this process is formulated, adapted from friedrich et al. (phys rev e, 74:041103, 2006b). the approach allows the specification any running or waiting time distribution along with any angular and speed distributions. the resulting system of integro-partial differential ... | 2015 | 26060098 |
| antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: implications for public health. | the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amr escherichia coli (e. coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (larus fuscus), hybrid deer spe ... | 2015 | 25639901 |
| relationships between heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in lesser black-backed gulls, larus fuscus, and cory's shearwater, calonectris diomedea. | metallothionein, cadmium, zinc, copper, and mercury concentrations were measured in adult lesser black-backed gulls, larus fuscus; and metallothionein, cadmium, zinc, and copper concentrations were measured in fledgling cory's shearwaters, calonectris diomedea. in gulls, metallothionein was positively correlated with cadmium (kidney r = 0.83, liver r = 0.46), zinc (kidney r = 0.46, liver r = 0.37), and copper (kidney r = 0.28, liver r = 0.34). mercury levels in lesser black-backed gulls showed n ... | 1996 | 8854964 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls in diseased lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus fuscus) chicks from the gulf of finland. | diseases due to the degeneration of the liver and various other internal organs were the major cause of the exceedingly high chick mortality in lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus fuscus) in the central gulf of finland, baltic sea, during 1991-1993. the same symptoms were found in chicks of common gulls (larus canus) and herring gulls (larus argentatus) from the same focal area, although at a much lower frequency. we found disproportionately high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls ( ... | 2000 | 15093008 |
| genetic affinities within the herring gull larus argentatus assemblage revealed by aflp genotyping. | to date, the taxonomic status of circumpolar breeding populations of the herring gull larus argentatus, the lesser black-backed gull larus fuscus, and the closely related yellow-legged gull larus cachinnans has been based on differences or similarities in phenotype, morphology, and feeding and premating behavior. to shed some new light on the many taxonomic uncertainties surrounding these taxa, we describe the results of a large dna study based on comparing the distribution of 209 biallelic mark ... | 2001 | 11139298 |
| an evaluation of techniques to control problem bird species on landfill sites. | birds feeding on landfill sites cause problems in terms of nuisance to neighbors, flight safety, a threat to public health, and affecting the day to day site operation. a number of control measures exist to deter problem species; however, research into their effectiveness across sites and for multiple species has been limited. we use a modeling approach in order to assess the effectiveness of nine techniques--pyrotechnics, hand-held distress calls, static distress calls, blank ammunition, a comb ... | 2008 | 18256779 |
| energetic influence on gull flight strategy selection. | during non-migratory flight, gulls (larids) use a wide variety of flight strategies. we investigate the extent to which the energy balance of a bird explains flight strategy selection. we develop a model based on optimal foraging and aerodynamic theories, to calculate the ground speeds and airspeeds at which a gull is expected to flap or soar during foraging flight. the model results are compared with observed flight speeds, directions, and flight strategies of two species of gulls, the black-he ... | 2006 | 16943489 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) in seven different marine bird species from iceland. | data on distribution, concentration and trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) is scarce in biota from the sub-arctic region of the atlantic. the present study is an investigation on pbde and hbcd concentrations in eggs from seven marine bird species from iceland, i.e. common eider (somateria mollissima), arctic tern (sterna paradisaea), guillemot (uria aalge), fulmar (fulmarus glacialis), lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus), great black-backed g ... | 2013 | 23987577 |
| land or sea? foraging area choice during breeding by an omnivorous gull. | generalist predators may vary their diet and use of habitat according to both internal state (e.g. breeding stage) and external (e.g. weather) factors. lesser black-backed gulls larus fuscus (linnaeus 1758) are dietary generalists, foraging in both terrestrial and marine habitats during breeding. we investigate what affects the gulls' propensity to forage at sea or on land. we assess the importance of terrestrial foraging to gulls in the baltic sea (sub. sp. l. f. fuscus), looking especially at ... | 2016 | 27186375 |
| variation in immune parameters and disease prevalence among lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus sp.) with different migratory strategies. | the ability to control infections is a key trait for migrants that must be balanced against other costly features of the migratory life. in this study we explored the links between migration and disease ecology by examining natural variation in parasite exposure and immunity in several populations of lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus) with different migratory strategies. we found higher activity of natural antibodies in long distance migrants from the nominate subspecies l.f.fuscus. circul ... | 2015 | 25679797 |
| morphological and molecular assessment of pentastomes from gulls in portugal. | during 2016, 153 gulls, including 64 larus fuscus and 89 larus michahellis, were found crippled in south portugal, died in wildlife rehabilitation and investigation center-rias, and were necropsied. reighardia sternae infected 2 (3%, n = 64) l. fuscus and 4 (4%, n = 89) l. michahellis. molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification based on total body length, maximum body width, length of anterior and posterior hooks, total length of oral aparatus, and other features of oral apara ... | 2017 | 28665257 |
| flexibility of habitat use in novel environments: insights from a translocation experiment with lesser black-backed gulls. | being faced with unknown environments is a concomitant challenge of species' range expansions. strategies to cope with this challenge include the adaptation to local conditions and a flexibility in resource exploitation. the gulls of the larus argentatus-fuscus-cachinnans group form a system in which ecological flexibility might have enabled them to expand their range considerably, and to colonize urban environments. however, on a population level both flexibility and local adaptation lead to si ... | 2017 | 28280543 |
| gps tracking data of lesser black-backed gulls and herring gulls breeding at the southern north sea coast. | in this data paper, bird tracking - gps tracking of lesser black-backed gulls and herring gulls breeding at the southern north sea coast is described, a species occurrence dataset published by the research institute for nature and forest (inbo). the dataset (version 5.5) contains close to 2.5 million occurrences, recorded by 101 gps trackers mounted on 75 lesser black-backed gulls and 26 herring gulls breeding at the belgian and dutch coast. the trackers were developed by the university of amste ... | 2016 | 26877689 |
| identification and characterization of a novel adenovirus in the cloacal bursa of gulls. | several viruses of the family of adenoviridae are associated with disease in birds. here we report the detection of a novel adenovirus in the cloacal bursa of herring gulls (larus argentatus) and lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus) that were found dead in the netherlands in 2001. histopathological analysis of the cloacal bursa revealed cytomegaly and karyomegaly with basophilic intranuclear inclusions typical for adenovirus infection. the presence of an adenovirus was confirmed by electron ... | 2013 | 23507452 |
| immunoelectrophoretical comparison of sera from herring gull (larus argentatus) and lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus) (aves). | | 1980 | 7380657 |
| offspring hg exposure relates to parental feeding strategies in a generalist bird with strong individual foraging specialization. | generalist species can potentially exploit a wide variety of resources, but at the individual level they often show a certain degree of foraging specialization. specific foraging strategies, however, may increase exposure to environmental contaminants that can alter the cost-benefit balance of consuming particular food items. the lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus) is known to opportunistically feed on a wide range of marine and terrestrial prey that differ in contaminant load, such as mercu ... | 2017 | 28605850 |
| flap or soar? how a flight generalist responds to its aerial environment. | the aerial environment is heterogeneous in space and time and directly influences the costs of animal flight. volant animals can reduce these costs by using different flight modes, each with their own benefits and constraints. however, the extent to which animals alter their flight modes in response to environmental conditions has rarely been studied in the wild. to provide insight into how a flight generalist can reduce the energetic cost of movement, we studied flight behaviour in relation to ... | 2016 | 27528785 |
| terrestrial and marine foraging strategies of an opportunistic seabird species breeding in the wadden sea. | lesser black-backed gulls larus fuscus are considered to be mainly pelagic. we assessed the importance of different landscape elements (open sea, tidal flats and inland) by comparing marine and terrestrial foraging behaviours in lesser black-backed gulls breeding along the coast of the southern north sea. we attached gps data loggers to eight incubating birds and collected information on diet and habitat use. the loggers recorded data for 10-19 days to allow flight-path reconstruction. lesser bl ... | 2016 | 27525661 |
| varying foraging patterns in response to competition? a multicolony approach in a generalist seabird. | reducing resource competition is a crucial requirement for colonial seabirds to ensure adequate self- and chick-provisioning during breeding season. spatial segregation is a common avoidance strategy among and within species from neighboring breeding colonies. we determined whether the foraging behaviors of incubating lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus) differed between six colonies varying in size and distance to mainland, and whether any differences could be related to the foraging habita ... | 2016 | 26941940 |
| analysis and visualization of animal movement. | the interdisciplinary workshop 'analysis and visualization of moving objects' was held at the lorentz centre in leiden, the netherlands, from 27 june to 1 july 2011. it brought together international specialists from ecology, computer science and geographical information science actively involved in the exploration, visualization and analysis of moving objects, such as marine reptiles, mammals, birds, storms, ships, cars and pedestrians. the aim was to share expertise, methodologies, data and co ... | 2012 | 21865243 |
| malignant melanoma in a seagull (larus fuscus): morphological and immunohistochemical approach. | a common seagull (larus fuscus) was found near the southern coast of italy by the veterinarians of the local wild animal rescue center. physical examination of the bird revealed an ulcerated mass involving a majority of the oral cavity; the mass did not allow for normal feeding. after the bird died necropsy was performed and the mass was histologically and immunohistochemically examined. the morphology and the immunoreactivity for melan-a and s-100 antigens led to a diagnosis of malignant melano ... | 2011 | 21500653 |
| the effect of maternal state on the steroid and macronutrient content of lesser black-backed gull eggs. | it has been proposed that female birds can influence the phenotype of their offspring by provisioning eggs with variable amounts of nutrients and maternal hormones. egg quality is strongly influenced by maternal body reserves and the amount of food available at the time of egg formation. this study investigated the effects of maternal state and food availability on the capacity of female lesser black-backed gulls larus fuscus to provision their eggs with macronutrients and steroid hormones. mate ... | 2017 | 20977361 |
| 'flying barnacles': implications for the spread of non-indigenous species. | the presence of adult barnacles of fistulobalanus pallidus (darwin) and fistulobalanus albicostatus (pilsbry) attached to field-readable plastic leg rings on the lesser black-backed gull larus fuscus in northern europe is reported. l. fuscus is a long-distance palaearctic migrant, breeding in temperate areas spreading widely over inland and marine habitats outside the breeding season. the species is known to perform long-distance migration to africa and the middle east. combining present knowled ... | 2010 | 20544434 |
| perfluorinated, brominated, and chlorinated contaminants in a population of lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus). | protein-bound perfluorinated compounds (pfcs) and lipid-soluble polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and organochlorines (ocs) were measured in whole blood from a large number (n = 83) of breeding lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus) caught during two distinct sampling periods in a colony on the coast of northern norway. we analyzed 14 pfcs (seven were detected in more than 75% of samples), 10 pbdes (only bde 47 was detected), and 27 ocs, including 12 polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congene ... | 2008 | 18229973 |
| maternal condition, yolk androgens and offspring performance: a supplemental feeding experiment in the lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus). | it has been proposed that the maternal androgens in avian egg yolk enhance offspring fitness by accelerating growth and improving competitive ability. because egg quality is strongly influenced by maternal condition, we predicted that females in good condition would produce high-quality eggs with relatively high androgen content. we experimentally enhanced maternal condition by supplementary feeding lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus) during egg formation and compared the concentrations of ... | 2003 | 14613608 |
| carotenoids and egg quality in the lesser blackbacked gull larus fuscus: a supplemental feeding study of maternal effects. | egg quality is a phenotype of, and can profoundly influence fitness in, both mother and offspring. however, the physiological mechanisms that underlie this maternal effect are poorly understood. carotenoids are hypothesized to enhance antioxidant activity and immune function, and are responsible for the pigmentation of egg yolk. the proximate basis and consequences of this maternal investment, however, have not previously been studied in wild birds. in this supplemental feeding study of lesser b ... | 2002 | 11788033 |
| the immune response of the definitive hosts to diphyllobothriid antigens. | it was established that antigens of diphyllobothriids entered the organisms of nestlings of gulls (larus fuscus) and terns (sterna hirundo) through the intestine. in terns, the most intensive neutralization of parasite antigens was found in the intestine inducing a weak response of the immune system. in gulls, there was no complete neutralization of the parasite antigens in the intestines. the antigens penetrated into the blood stimulating a response of the immune system. the intensity of the lo ... | 1990 | 2337252 |
| an outbreak of philophthalmosis in larus michahellis and larus fuscus gulls in iberian peninsula. | trematodes of the genus philophthalmus loos, 1899 are the eye parasites of birds and mammals, which use freshwater snails as their first intermediate hosts. here we examined the presence of philophthalmids in a total of 1515 gulls (589 larus fuscus and 926 larus michahellis) admitted between january 2010 and october 2016 for rehabilitation at olhão (portugal), by the use of combined morphological and molecular analysis. we recorded the first infected l. fuscus and l. michahellis in july and nove ... | 2018 | 29288885 |
| the distribution and heterogeneity of mast cells in tongue from five different avian species. | this study was conducted with the aim of determining the morphology, distribution and heterogeneity of mast cells in the tongues of seagull (larus fuscus), common buzzard (buteo buteo), goose (anser anser), white stork (ciconia ciconia) and gerze rooster. the study used five samples of tongue material from each of the healthy adult avian species. the samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin (nbf) solution, then, after routine tissue follow-up, the samples blocked with paraplast. cross ... | 2018 | 29492994 |
| mercury (hg) uptake affects the development of larus fuscus chicks. | current emission and mobilization rates of mercury (hg) in the environment pose extensive threats to both wildlife and human health. assessing the exposure risk and effects of hg contamination in model species such as seabirds is essential to understand hg risks at the population and ecosystem levels. the lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus), a generalist seabird species, is an excellent model species as it forages in both marine and terrestrial habitats, which in turn differ in their hg expo ... | 2020 | 32678941 |
| time and energy costs of different foraging choices in an avian generalist species. | animals can obtain a higher foraging yield by optimizing energy expenditure or minimizing time costs. in this study, we assessed how individual variation in the relative use of marine and terrestrial foraging habitats relates to differences in the energy and time investments of an avian generalistic feeder (the lesser black-backed gull, larus fuscus), and how this changes during the course of the chick-rearing period. | 2019 | 31908778 |
| functional connectivity network between terrestrial and aquatic habitats by a generalist waterbird, and implications for biovectoring. | birds are vectors of dispersal of propagules of plants and other organisms including pathogens, as well as nutrients and contaminants. thus, through their movements they create functional connectivity between habitat patches. most studies on connectivity provided by animals to date have focused on movements within similar habitat types. however, some waterbirds regularly switch between terrestrial, coastal and freshwater habitats throughout their daily routines. lesser black-backed gulls that ov ... | 2020 | 31838416 |
| optic flow cues help explain altitude control over sea in freely flying gulls. | for studies of how birds control their altitude, seabirds are of particular interest because they forage offshore where the visual environment can be simply modelled by a flat world textured by waves then generating only ventral visual cues. this study suggests that optic flow, i.e. the rate at which the sea moves across the eye's retina, can explain gulls' altitude control over seas. in particular, a new flight model that includes both energy and optical invariants helps explain the gulls' traj ... | 2019 | 31594521 |
| recently-adopted foraging strategies constrain early chick development in a coastal breeding gull. | human-mediated food sources offer possibilities for novel foraging strategies by opportunistic species. yet, relative costs and benefits of alternative foraging strategies vary with the abundance, accessibility, predictability and nutritional value of anthropogenic food sources. the extent to which such strategies may ultimately alter fitness, can have important consequences for long-term population dynamics. here, we studied the relationships between parental diet and early development in free- ... | 2019 | 31333907 |
| habitat use of urban-nesting lesser black-backed gulls during the breeding season. | increasing urbanisation is detrimental for some animal species and potentially advantageous for others. urban-nesting populations of gulls have undergone rapid population increases worldwide, which has resulted in an increase in human-gull conflicts. in order to inform management and conservation decisions in relation to these populations, more information is needed about the behaviour of these birds in urban settings and how they utilise their environment. this study combined global positioning ... | 2019 | 31324838 |
| assay optimisation and age-related baseline variation in biochemical markers in lesser black-backed gulls. | free-ranging animals are often used as bioindicators of both short- and long-term changes in ecosystem health, mainly to detect the presence and effects of contaminants. birds, and gulls in particular, have been used as bioindicators over a broad range of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. in this study, we standardise the conditions for the use of a suite of biochemical markers in non-destructive matrices of lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus) to facilitate future biomonitoring of marine an ... | 2019 | 30711859 |
| can drones count gulls? minimal disturbance and semiautomated image processing with an unmanned aerial vehicle for colony-nesting seabirds. | accurate counts of wild populations are essential to monitor change through time, but some techniques demand specialist surveyors and may result in unacceptable disturbance or inaccurate counts. recent technological developments in unmanned aerial vehicles (uavs) offer great potential for a range of survey and monitoring approaches. they literally offer a bird's-eye view, but this increased power of observation presents the challenge of translating large amounts of imagery into accurate survey d ... | 2018 | 30619548 |
| high-resolution gps tracking reveals sex differences in migratory behaviour and stopover habitat use in the lesser black-backed gull larus fuscus. | sex-, size- or age-dependent variation in migration strategies in birds is generally expected to reflect differences in competitive abilities. theoretical and empirical studies thereby focus on differences in wintering areas, by which individuals may benefit from avoiding food competition during winter or ensuring an early return and access to prime nesting sites in spring. here, we use gps tracking to assess sex- and size-related variation in the spatial behaviour of adult lesser black-backed g ... | 2018 | 29599447 |
| plastic ingestion in aquatic-associated bird species in southern portugal. | excessive use of plastics in daily life and the inappropriate disposal of plastic products are severely affecting wildlife species in both coastal and aquatic environments. birds are top-predators, exposed to all threats affecting their environments, making them ideal sentinel organisms for monitoring ecosystems change. we set a baseline assessment of the prevalence of marine plastic litter affecting multi-species populations of aquatic birds in southern portugal. by examining 160 stomach conten ... | 2018 | 29421119 |