| comparative aspects of buffering capacity in muscle. | these findings are discussed in relation to the contention that a high buffer value is linked to a high work performance. this generalization does not extend to the "white" breast muscle of chicken. its high buffer value is in part due to a high content of the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. additionally, a hypothesis is advanced that muscle, e.g. pigeon breast muscle, can in part regulate intracellular ph by changes in the steady state concentrations of the glycolytic and citric acid cycle a ... | 1975 | 5763 |
| [effect of carnosine and anserine on excitation and contraction of fatigued skeletal muscle]. | the effect of dipeptides (carnosine and anserine) on a neuromuscular preparation under fatigue or diplacine blocking is shown to result in a significant restoration of the muscle contraction. the analysis of this phenomenon evidences that synaptic processes are not responsible for the restoration, at least under the given experimental conditions. at the same time, the absence of any effect of the compounds studied on the maximal rate of isotonic shortening and on the tension of glycerinized fibr ... | 1976 | 136081 |
| [concentration of components of the adenylate system in heavy and light fractions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscles and sensitivity of these fractions to the effects of imidazole-containing compounds and caffeine]. | fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbit sceletal muscles sedimented within the range from 2000 g to 8000 g (heavy fraction) and 8000 g to 40000 g (light fraction) and washed with 0.6 m kcl, were practically free of adenylatecyclase activity. phosphodiesterase camp was not found in the light fraction, while its activity in the heavy fraction was 500 pmol of camp/min per mg of protein. both fractions contain bound camp (1-2 pmol/mg of protein) and specific sites of camp binding, the bindin ... | 1976 | 184855 |
| virus neutralizing antibodies to arboviruses in birds of the order anseriformes in czechoslovakia. | sera from birds of the order anseriformes in czechoslovakia were examined for virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies to arboviruses. vn antibodies to sindbis, calovo and tahyna viruses were found in 15, 5 and 6 out of 106 greylag goose (anser anser) sera. out of 38 ducks, 6 mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and 1 garganey (anas querquedula) contained vn antibodies to sindbis virus, 6 mallards to calovo virus, 4 mallards and 1 garganey to tahyna virus, 2 mallards and 1 garganey to tick-borne encephalitis ... | 1975 | 241234 |
| anserine and carnosine in chicks (gallus gallus) rat pups (rattus rattus) and ducklings (anas platyrhynchos): comparative ontogenetic observations. | 1. muscle and brain from developing chick embryos, as well as from day-old chicks, rats, and ducks were analyzed for the histidine-containing dipeptides, anserine and carnosine. 2. anserine was found in the brain of all species studied, whereas in muscle, anserine was found only in chicks. 3. at 15 days, the muscle of developing chick embryo contained 41 +/- 9 mumoles/100 g anserine while carnosine was present at a level of less than 3 mumoles/100 g. 4. in day-old chicks the anserine level in mu ... | 1977 | 318250 |
| dual sites of occurrence of malonyl-coa decarboxylase and their possible functional significance in avian tissues. | 1. uropygial glands of domestic goose and mallard which synthesize methyl-branched fatty acids, contain large quantities of cytosolic malonyl-coa decarboxylase and a small quantity of mitochondrial enzyme. 2. uropygial glands of chicken and the liver of geese which generate little methyl-branched acids, contain only small quantities of malonyl-coa decarboxylase and in such cases the enzyme is in the mitochondria. 3. the mitochondrial decarboxylase from the uropygial gland and liver of goose is i ... | 1979 | 318451 |
| [serological method of detecting antirabies antibodies]. | the possibility of the determination of rabies antibodies by the serological method has been demonstrated, involving the use of culture rabies virus, strain vnukovo-32, concentrated and purified by high speed centrifugation, for the sensitization of anserine erythrocytes. the neutralization test in mice and the passive hemagglutination test showed a correlation in rabies antibody titers in the sera of animlas immunized with rabies vaccines. the advantages of the passive hemagglutination test con ... | 1979 | 419912 |
| [study of the intracellular distribution of carnosine and anserine by the technic of electron microscopic radioautography]. | | 1979 | 467224 |
| [the primary structure of the hemoglobin of the greylag goose (answer anser) and the unequal evolution of the beta-chains (an experimental approach to a biochemical analysis of behaviour (author's transl)]. | the primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains from greylag goose (anser anser) hemoglobin are given. the sequence was deduced automatically in the sequenator. they differ from chicken alpha-chains in the exchange of 30, from beta-chains in the exchange of only 8 amino acid residues, respectively. the contact points of inositol pentaphosphate with the beta-chains are identical in chicken and greylag goose. unequal evolution of the beta-chains was found, which is published here for the firs ... | 1979 | 468112 |
| enzymatic and immunological evidence for two forms of carnosinase in the mouse. | carnosinase (aminoacyl-l-histidine hydrolase, ec 3.4.13.3) hydrolyzes the dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine), which is thought to play a role in cerebral and skeletal muscular function and has been implicated as a neuroaffector in the olfactory bulb. carnosinase activity is present in many tissues of the mouse including heart, liver and lung, but it is most active in kidney, uterus and nasal olfactory mucosa. kinetic measurements with 1h-nmr spectroscopy indicate that the enzyme is st ... | 1979 | 497229 |
| the structural organization of the pineal complex in the domestic goose. | the light and electron microscopic structure of the pineal complex of the domestic goose was studied. the complex is tubulofollicular but there is no direct connection between the constituent system of ducts and the third ventricle of the brain. within the pineal, blood vessels accompanied by sympathetic nerve bundles are confined to the connective tissue. other nerve fibers and occasional nerve cell bodies, however, do occur among the pineal cells. threee basic pineal cell types were distinguis ... | 1979 | 537101 |
| [ontogeny and function of rank order in a sibling group of greylag geese (anser anser l.)]. | between the siblings of a family of greylag geese (anser anser l.) a rank order is established by fighting during the first days after hatching, and also by other, more complex interactions. the position of each goose in the rank order can be defined by three groups of behaviour patterns (aggressive behaviour, "greetings", escape responses). a clear-cut ranking relation between two individuals is a prerequisite for their close cohesion. the survival function of rank order lies in diminishing the ... | 1977 | 564107 |
| [effect of anserine on formation and extinction of motor-alimentary conditioned reflexes]. | | 1977 | 590088 |
| influence of breeding technology of helminth fauna of geese (anser anser f. domestica). | two hundred goose broilers originating from farms with different housing facilities were examined for helminth parasites. the farm of the first technological type consisted of halls with deep liter without a run and that of the second type had grass runs neighbouring with a sheet of water. the geese from the first farm harboured a. galli, h. gallinarum and c. obsignata; those from the second farm, d. lanceolata, h. dispar, a. anseris and c. obsignata. in the first case, the geese were infected b ... | 1977 | 604215 |
| [biological functions of carnosine and anserine]. | | 1978 | 620636 |
| carnosine and anserine content of turkey breast and leg muscles. | 1. carnosine and anserine have been measured in samples of breast and leg muscles from three turkeys. 2. the results show that there is a large difference in the dipeptide content between the two types of muscle. | 1978 | 624092 |
| action of homocarnosine, carnosine and anserine on uptake and metabolism of gaba in different subcellular fractions of rat brain. | | 1978 | 668844 |
| a role for carnosine and anserine in histamine metabolism of the traumatized rat. | | 1978 | 684011 |
| effect of dietary methionine level on anserine and carnosine contents in the gastrocnemius muscle of rat. | anserine and carnosine in the muscle of growing rats were measured to explore the effect of dietary methionine. carnosine was reduced in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats fed on a methionine-free diet. after refeeding on methionine for one week, carnosine in the muscle approached to the normal level. in contrast, anserine increased in the muscle of rats fed on a methionine-free diet. anserine also increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats fed on a methionine-excess diet, whereas carnosine did ... | 1978 | 690729 |
| [structure and blood supply of the heart valves of several domestic and wild birds]. | by means of a complex technique some structural and blood supply peculiarities of the valve apparatus have been studied in 118 hearts of 8 representatives of domestic (anser domesticus, anas domestica) and wild (cygnus olor, cygnus sygnus, chenopsis atrata, anser anser, anas platyrhynchos, anas strepera) waterfowls. the investigations have demonstrated that in all the waterfowl studied the right atrioventricular ostia have only one cusp consisting mainly of transversal-striated muscular fibers. ... | 1978 | 718435 |
| polymorphism of transferrin and conalbumin in the domestic goose (anser anser). | | 1978 | 742737 |
| the development and pathogenesis of leucocytozoon simondi in canada and domestic geese in algonquin park, ontario. | | 1976 | 820415 |
| anserine and carnosine contents in muscular tissue of rat and rabbit. | the effect of various muscle conditions on anserine and carnosine contents suggests that these peptides have some physiological role in muscular functions. these conditions are: 1) although the anserine content in rat gastrocnemius muscle was not changed by ischiamic denervation, the carnosine content was significantly decreased. carnosinase activity in the denerved gastrocnemius muscle was two times stronger than that of intact gastrocnemius muscle. 2) carnosine content in rat gastrocnemius mus ... | 1977 | 915561 |
| effect of histidine-free and -excess diets on anserine and carnosine contents in rat gastrocnemius muscle. | anserine and carnosine contents were determined in muscle of rats subjected to histidine depletion or excessive supplement. the contents of anserine and carnosine were reduced in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats fed a histidine-free diet. the diet showed especially a remarkable decrease of carnosine content. after rehabilitation for one week, the muscle anserine and carnosine contents in histidine-deficient rat returned to the normal level. the body and gastrocnemius muscle weight were decreased ... | 1977 | 915562 |
| intestinal absorption of beta-alanine, anserine and carnosine in rats. | absorption beta-alanine, anserine or carnosine from rat intestine was studied in vivo by a force feeding method and in vitro using an everted sac method. possibility of anserine and carnosine hydrolysis prior to intestinal absorption was also investigated using a glycylleucine dipeptidase-containing fraction prepared from rat intestine. the following results were obtained. 1) anserine and carnosine were absorbed as they were from rat small intestine. 2) both anserine and carnosine were partially ... | 1976 | 956928 |
| an outbreak of trematodiasis in domestic geese. | losses greater than 3% were incurred in a large flock of domestic geese on summer pasture. necropsy of the sick birds revealed no significant bacterial or viral isolates. the trematodes echinostoma revolutum and notocotylus attenuatus were present in considerable numbers, respectively in the small and large intestines. | 1976 | 962765 |
| the detection of chicken meat in meat products by means of the anserine/carnosine ratio. | a distinctive difference was found between the ratio of the anserine and carnosine contents (a/c ratio) in beef or pork and of that in chicken/meat. the a/c ratio for beef varies between 0.06-0.2 and for pork between 0.02-0.1 but for chicken meat can reach values as high as 2.2-5.5. the high a/c ratio for chicken meat proved to be sufficient to detect this ingredient at a 5% level in both cooked pork products and 1:1 beef-pork mixtures, this being independent of the heat treatment. the a/c ratio ... | 1976 | 973451 |
| serologic examination of birds from the area of southern moravia for the presence of antibodies against arboviruses of the groups alfa, flavo, uukuniemi, turlock and bunyamwera supergroup. ii. wild living birds. | 280 specimens of 29 species of wild living birds from 11 families captured in the endemic area of the virus lednice in southern moravia (cssr) were investigated by haemagglutination-inhibition test (hit) on presence of antibodies against 12 arbovirus antigens of the groups alfa-virus (western and eastern equine encephalomyelitis, semliki, sindbis, chikungunya), flavovirus (tick-borne encephalitis, dengue, west nile), the uukuniemi group (poteplí), the turlock group (lednice) and the bunyamwera s ... | 1976 | 1010494 |
| the gastric venous system of the domestic goose. | | 1976 | 1034845 |
| [species specificity on the contents of anserine and carnosine (authors transl)]. | | 1976 | 1035631 |
| [effect of the dipeptides carnosine and anserine on the accumulation of ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments]. | | 1975 | 1120452 |
| epizootiology of newcastle disease in waterfowl. | antibodies to newcastle disease virus (ndv) as measured by hemagglutination-inhibition and virus-neutralization tests were detected in 40/236 canada geese captured while in their southward migration or in their wintering grounds. antibodies were also found in 37/267 wild ducks and in 20/31 domestic geese. adult geese were readily infected by several routes. inapparent disease usually resulted, and only 1/13 cases were fatal. goose embryos responded differently to inoculation with selected ndv st ... | 1975 | 1164322 |
| branching of the coeliac artery in some domestic birds. ii. the domestic goose. | | 1975 | 1176061 |
| [primary structure of the alpha chain of the major component of goose hemoglobins (anser anser)]. | utilising the homology between goose alpha chain hemoglobin and chicken, the primary arrangement of the amino acid residues of the alpha chain (major component) of goose hemoglobin is presented. data were obtained from amino acid analysis of the isolated alpha chain and of tryptic peptides of the chain. their chemical structure was established by edman degradation, carboxypeptidase a and b and leucineaminopeptidase digestion. | 1975 | 1182214 |
| fluoroacetamide (1081) oisoning in wild birds. | an outbreak of poisoning in four greylag geese (anser anser) and 35-45 teal (anas crecca) is described. laboratory findings led to the conclusion that a wheat bait containing the rodenticide fluoracetamide (1081) caused the poisoning. circumstantial evidence incriminated fluoracetamide as the cause of death in white-fronted geese (anser albifrons), mallards (anas platyrhynchos), and chukars (alectoris chukar). | 1975 | 1195498 |
| plasma free amino acids in the chronically uremic rat. | plasma free amino acids in the sub-totally nephrectomized chronic uremic rat have been quantitated. the concentrations of these substances in uremic rats have been compared to levels present in sham-operated controls, and to levels found in normal rats on a restricted diet. phosphoserine, alpha-aminoadipic acid, 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the uremic group. sub-normal amounts of serine, valine, tryptophan, asparagine and anserin ... | 1975 | 1201622 |
| specificity and distribution of mammalian carnosinase. | hog kidney carnosinase (ec 3.4.13.3) was found to have a narrow specificity; it hydrolyzed carnosine, anserine and glycyl-l-histidine, but did not split l-alanyl-l-histidine or homocarnosine. the isoelectric point of this enzyme was 5.8 and its molecular weight was about 84 000. carnosinase was found to be widely distributed in various tissues of the rat. uterus, kidney, liver and lung contained high levels of carnosinase, whereas moderate concentrations were found in spleen, heart and brain, wi ... | 1976 | 1260030 |
| renal transport of endogenous amino acids. i. comparison between immature and adult rats. | in the late neonatal period of male wistar rats (10 days old) concentrations in plasma were higher for 5 of 24 amino acids compared to adult animals (2 months old): beta-alanine, tyrosine, glycine, histidine, and the dipeptide anserine. the plasma concentrations of tryptophan, valine and leucine were lower in young than in adult rats. the renal clearances of amino acids were lower in young rats, both in relation to 1 g b.w. and related to 1 g kidney weight. in the latter case the differences bec ... | 1992 | 1279766 |
| imidazole dipeptides in experimental alcohol-induced myopathy. | rats were chronically fed a nutritionally complete liquid diet containing 35% of total calories as either ethanol, or (for the controls) an isocaloric amount of glucose. after 6 weeks of treatment, the feeding regime induced skeletal muscle myopathy as characterised by reductions in muscle weight and rna content. ethanol preferentially affected the metabolically glycolytic plantaris (type ii fibre-predominant) muscle of the rat, compared with the metabolically oxidative soleus (type i fibre-pred ... | 1992 | 1292436 |
| copper and cobalt complexes of carnosine and anserine: production of active oxygen species and its enhancement by 2-mercaptoimidazoles. | phosphate buffer solutions of two dipeptides prevalent in striated muscle, l-carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine) and l-anserine (beta-alanyl-l-1-methylhistidine), produce active oxygen species as measured by bleaching of n,n-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (rno). activity is enhanced 5-14-fold in the presence of 2-mercaptoimidazoles such as ergothioneine, carbimazole (3-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole-1-carboxylate), methimazole (2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole) and 2-mercaptoimidazole but only slightly by th ... | 1992 | 1327555 |
| [direct measurement of the interaction of carnosine and its analogs with free radicals]. | an esr study of interactions of carnosine and its derivatives with free radicals has been carried out. in model systems the spin trap oh. radical adduct generation has been shown to decrease significantly in the presence of carnosine in a pronounced concentration-dependent manner. a comparative study of effects of some other histidine-containing dipeptides on this process has revealed a similarity in anserine, homocarnosine, and acetylcarnosine actions. | 1992 | 1334707 |
| [a new species of blastocystis anseri (protista: rhizopoda) from domestic geese]. | a new species, blastocystis anseri, was found in domestic goose. sizes of blastocyst in culture are 7.5-46.2 x 7.5-46.2 m. method of cultivation of blastocystis anseri on biphase egg medium was worked out. liquid phase can be made of hank's solution or 199 medium with an addition of 30-40% hen or bovine serum. optimum temperature for cultivation is 39 +/- 0.5 degree, ph 7.0-7.2. | 1992 | 1364528 |
| activation by anserine and inhibition by carnosine of ca(2+)-uptake by mammalian mitochondria. | | 1992 | 1397532 |
| analysis of novel imidazoles from isolated perfused rabbit heart by two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. | the paper reports two analytical high-performance liquid chromatographic methods to detect and quantify cardiac-derived histidyl derivatives. method a relies on relative hydrophobicities as a basis of separation. method b is an ion-pairing method in which the compounds are eluted in an entirely different order. fractions collected from method a have been co-eluted in admixture in method b with authentic reference compounds. thus the existence of the following imidazole ring-containing compounds ... | 1992 | 1400766 |
| [carnosine and anserine in working muscles--study using proton nmr spectroscopy]. | nmr spectroscopy was used to study carnosine and anserine metabolism in rat tissues under intensive muscle loading. muscle loading was accompanied by the dipeptide (predominantly anserine) accumulation in muscle tissues. preliminary per os administration of carnosine (250 mg/kg of body mass) did not increase the dipeptide content in muscle tissues but diminished the lactate content in rat muscles under intensive muscle loading. | 1992 | 1467352 |
| histidine dipeptide levels in ageing and hypertensive rat skeletal and cardiac muscles. | 1. in rat skeletal muscles (longissimus dorsi and quadriceps femoris), carnosine and anserine levels decreased 35-50% during senescence, and were 35-45% lower in hypertensive rats compared to normotensive levels. 2. in rat left ventricular cardiac muscle, although no free carnosine and anserine were detected, the total level of histidine dipeptides declined 22% during senescence and in hypertensive animals decreased 35% compared to normotensive levels. 3. the significance of these changes in rel ... | 1992 | 1478073 |
| the fine structure of the follicular cells in growing and atretic ovarian follicles of the domestic goose. | the structure of follicular layer of growing and atretic follicles in the ovary of the domestic goose, was studied by electron microscopy. in small follicles, the wall is lined with a narrow layer of tightly packed small, cuboidal cells separated from the thecal tissue by the basal lamina. during growth, they transform into tall, columnar cells arranged in a single row. the cells display several peculiar ultrastructural features. first, annulate lamellae are commonly observed. second, cytoplasmi ... | 1992 | 1571967 |
| characterization and assessment of an avian repetitive dna sequence as an icterid phylogenetic marker. | the first tandemly repeated sequence examined in a passerine bird, a 431-bp psti fragment named pmat1, has been cloned from the genome of the brown-headed cowbird (molothrus ater). the sequence represents about 5-10% of the genome (about 4 x 10(5) copies) and yields prominent ethidium bromide stained bands when genomic dna cut with a variety of restriction enzymes is electrophoresed in agarose gels. a particularly striking ladder of fragments is apparent when the dna is cut with hinfi, indicativ ... | 1992 | 1572527 |
| life cycle and ultrastructure of eimeria stigmosa, the intranuclear coccidian of the goose (anser anser domesticus). | the oocyst morphology and endogenous development of eimeria stigmosa klimes, 1963 in a domestic goose (anser anser domesticus l.) was studied using light and electron microscopy. the oocyst wall consisted of two layers. the outer layer formed densely accumulated protrusions, whilst the inner layer was smooth and formed a collar structure around the micropyle. meronts were observed in the posterior part of the jejunum, along the whole length of the ileum and in meckel's diverticulum within 1-4 da ... | 1992 | 1644357 |
| the sod like activity of copper:carnosine, copper:anserine and copper:homocarnosine complexes. | carnosine, anserine and homocarnosine are natural compounds which are present in high concentrations (2-20 mm) in skeletal muscles and brain of many vertebrates. we have demonstrated in a previous work that these compounds can act as antioxidants, a result of their ability to scavenge peroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. carnosine and its analogues have been shown to be efficient chelating agents for copper and other transition metals. since human skeletal muscle contains one- ... | 1991 | 1649087 |
| carnosine and anserine concentrations in the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy humans. | the content of anserine and carnosine in the lateral portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle of 50 healthy, human subjects has been studied. anserine was undetectable in all muscle samples examined. muscle carnosine values for the group conformed to a normal distribution with a mean (sd) value of 20.0 (4.7) mmol.kg-1 of dry muscle mass. the concentration of carnosine was significantly higher in the muscle of male subjects (21.3, 4.2 mmol.kg-1 dry mass) than in females of a similar age and train ... | 1992 | 1735411 |
| common antigenic properties of a g-type (goose) and a c-type (duck) egg white lysozyme: antibody responses in rabbits and mice. | embden goose (gewl) and barbary duck (dewl) egg white lysozymes possess different amino acid sequences corresponding to the g-type and c-type, respectively. gewl was shown to be a better immunogen than dewl in both rabbits and mice. the antigenicity of the two lysozymes was tested using different techniques (i.e. indirect elisa, inhibition tests and immunoabsorption experiments). injection of either gewl or dewl into rabbits and mice induced both specific antibodies and cross-reacting antibodies ... | 1992 | 1737582 |
| adaptation of bird hemoglobins to high altitudes: demonstration of molecular mechanism by protein engineering. | of two closely related species of geese, one, the greylag goose, lives in the indian plains all year round, while the other, the bar-headed goose, lives at the tibetan lakes and migrates across the himalayas to winter in india. another species, the andean goose, lives in the high andes all year round. possession of a hb with high oxygen affinity helps to adapt bar-headed and andean geese to high altitudes. the hb amino acid sequences of the bar-headed and the greylag geese differ by four substit ... | 1991 | 1862080 |
| the interspersed dna repeat conserved in water birds' genomes. | a putative old and ubiquitous interspersed dna repeat family was identified from taqi restriction, m13 cloning, and sequencing of the genomic dna of a mallard (anas platyrhynchos), a muscovy duck (cairina moschata), a toulouse goose (anser anser), and a black swan (cygnus atratus). a 425-bp consensus core sequence was obtained for the interspersed family. the 425-bp unit was about 2% of the avian genome and was found to be conserved in at least four genera of the order anseriforme: anas, anser, ... | 1991 | 1889740 |
| purification and properties of human serum carnosinase. | carnosinase from human plasma was purified 18,000-fold to apparent homogeneity in a four step procedure. the dipeptidase was partially inactivated during deae-cellulose chromatography; however, it reactivated slowly when concentrated and stored at 4 degrees c. in the second purification step, hydroxylapatite column chromatography, two forms of the enzyme were separated from one another. human serum carnosinase was found to be a glycoprotein with a pi of 4.4 and a subunit mr of 75,000; the active ... | 1991 | 1903095 |
| domestic geese (anser anser l.) as a new host of cochlosoma anatis kotlán, 1923. | | 1991 | 1916539 |
| partitioning of nutrients for growth and other metabolic functions: efficiency and priority considerations. | the raw materials for proteinaceous growth in the avian are amino acids supplied from protein ingestion and from body protein degradation. maximal efficiency of utilization (i.e., retention) of absorbed nitrogen approximates 76%. this occurs when a well-balanced mixture of amino acids is ingested. the utilization efficiency of individual dietary amino acids varies around the 76% figure, with slow-turnover amino acids such as lysine being used more efficiently (80%) than fast-turnover amino acids ... | 1991 | 1924096 |
| muscle buffering capacity and dipeptide content in the thoroughbred horse, greyhound dog and man. | 1. muscle buffering capacity (beta m) and dipeptide content were measured in locomotory muscles of the thoroughbred horse, greyhound dog and man. 2. beta m and carnosine contents were highest in the horse. anserine was only found in dog muscle. 3. the higher beta m in horse and dog muscle, compared with man, appears to be predominantly due to higher muscle contents of histidine containing dipeptides in these species. | 1990 | 1982938 |
| the ph-dependent conformational transition in glycogen phosphorylase b. the effect of carnosine and anserine on its activity. | the conformational transition of phosphorylase b which occurs upon ph change from 6.0 to 7.0 is linked to the ph-dependent activity regulation. skeletal muscle dipeptides, carnosine and anserine, activate rabbit and bovine phosphorylase b at ph 6.5-6.0 and inhibit it at ph 6.5-7.0. the enzyme activation constant was found to be equal to 20 mm, and the inhibition constant corresponded to 22 mm for both carnosine and anserine. the data obtained suggest that glycogen phosphorylase b adopts differen ... | 1990 | 2107803 |
| cellular localization of carnosine-like and anserine-like immunoreactivities in rodent and avian central nervous system. | aminoacylhistidine dipeptides are present in the nervous tissue of many species. the olfactory mucosa and bulb of many vertebrates are rich in carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine). two related dipeptides homocarnosine (gamma-aminobutyryl-l-histidine) and anserine (beta-alanyl-n-methyl-l-histidine) are present in the cns of mammals and birds, respectively. this manuscript describes the production, characterization and use in immunolocalization studies of antisera directed against carnosine and ans ... | 1990 | 2199844 |
| characterization of heterochromatin by sequential counterstain-enhanced fluorescence in three domestic bird species: meleagris gallopavo, columba livia domestica, and anser anser l. | the karyotypes of three avian species--meleagris gallopavo, anser anser l., and columba livia domestica--were investigated by means of counterstain-enhanced fluorescence techniques (chromomycin a3/distamycin a/dapi followed by dapi/actinomycin d staining). a heterochromatin characterization of macro- and microchromosomes was performed. cma3-positive (gc-rich) regions in the turkey included the telomeres of chromosomes 1, 3, 4, and z. in the goose, the chromosome 2 was also cma3-bright at the tel ... | 1990 | 2250096 |
| the macrosatellites of the toulouse goose: the major tandemly repetitive dna in the toulouse goose genome. | this paper examines the principal classes of repetitive dna of the toulouse goose (anser anser) genome. there are four major classes and they are tandem repeats of less than 200 base pairs (bp). the longest repeat (class a) is 190 bp long and starts with a hinfi site. class b is 43 bp long, commencing with a foki site. classes a and b show no extensive homology to dna sequences held on a current data base (genbank) but were confirmed to exist as major repeats in another strain of goose, the emde ... | 1990 | 2262138 |
| first purification and characterization of a sucrase-isomaltase from goose kidney microvillous membrane. | goose (anser anser) kidney microvillus sucrase-isomaltase (ec 3.2.1.48-ec3.2.1.10) was solubilized from isolated microvillus membranes using emulphogen bc 720 or papain. detergent-solubilized enzyme (d-si) was purified 149 +/- 29 times with a yield of 15.7 +/- 2.6% by a two-step procedure which included chromatofocusing. the specific activity was 2.95 +/- 0.34 u/mg protein for sucrase, 1.02 +/- 0.13 for palatinase and 5.63 +/- 0.53 for maltase. d-si was amphiphilic as indicated by its detergent- ... | 1990 | 2302412 |
| free amino acids in muscle: effect of muscle fiber population and denervation. | one hindlimb of each rat was denervated by sectioning the sciatic nerve. three days later, soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles of the sham hindlimb and the contralateral denervated hindlimb were excised and analyzed for intracellular concentrations of 23 free amino acids and the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. compared with the sham soleus (slow-twitch) muscle, the sham plantaris and gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) muscles showed 57-81% lower concentrations of histidine, glutamine, gluta ... | 1990 | 2316643 |
| analysis of carnosine, homocarnosine, and other histidyl derivatives in rat brain. | isocratic reverse-phase analytical hplc has been used to examine naturally occurring imidazoles of rat brain. elution of brain extracts with a phosphate buffer mobile phase from columns packed with hypersil ods (5 microns) resulted in good separation of the well-documented brain imidazole-containing dipeptides carnosine and homocarnosine. measured concentrations corresponded to published values. several further peaks observed had properties consistent with those of n-acetyl derivatives of compou ... | 1990 | 2370547 |
| effects of l-1-methyl-histidine and the muscle dipeptides carnosine and anserine on the activities of muscle calpains. | 1. carnosine, anserine and l-1-methyl-histidine activated muscle calpain ii assayed at 2.5 mm ca2+. 2. at 5 microm ca2+, none of these compounds activated calpain ii sufficiently to bring its activity up to the level measured at 2.5 mm ca2+. 3. carnosine increased, whereas both anserine and l-1-methyl-histidine decreased the inhibitory effect of calpastatin on calpain ii. 4. these results suggest that although the compounds are not potent activators of calpain ii, the ratio of the dipeptides in ... | 1989 | 2557185 |
| carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine: could they act as antioxidants in vivo? | carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine have been proposed to act as antioxidants in vivo. our studies show that all three compounds are good scavengers of the hydroxyl radical (.oh) but that none of them can react with superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorous acid at biologically significant rates. none of them can bind iron ions in ways that interfere with 'site-specific' iron-dependent radical damage to the sugar deoxyribose, nor can they restrict the availability of cu2+ to phenan ... | 1989 | 2559719 |
| amino-acid sequences and functional differentiation of hemoglobins a and d from swift (apus apus, apodiformes). | the blood of the adult swift contains one major (hba = alpha 2a beta 2) and two minor components (hbd = alpha 2d beta 2 and hbd'). the components were separated by fplc with a tsk sp-5 pw-column in phosphate buffers, and were eluted with a linear nacl gradient. hbd' could be detected only in freshly prepared hemolysates with the sensitive fplc separation method. the globin chains were separated on a cation exchanger (cm-cellulose), the tryptic peptides by hplc with a rp-2 lichrosorb column. thei ... | 1989 | 2610936 |
| decreased level of cardiac antioxidants in endurance-trained rats. | han-wistar rats were exposed to a 194-200 h swimming protocol which caused a significant increase in the cardiac weight. the levels of various tissue antioxidants were assayed from the myocardium of the right ventricle and from the left ventricle (subendo- and subepimyocardium). this endurance training decreased the activities of catalase in the right ventricle and in the subendo- and subepimyocardium and cu,zn-superoxide dismutase in the subendomyocardium as well as the concentration of vitamin ... | 1989 | 2735199 |
| effect of hypoxia and/or cold stress on plasma and brain amino acids in rat. | the effect of hypoxia, cold and hypoxic-cold stress was studied on plasma and brain amino acid levels of rats. hypoxia caused a considerable increase in plasma taurine and phosphoserine levels, while the remaining amino acids (except valine, cystine, iso-leucine, leucine and anserine) decreased significantly. on the other hand cold stress significantly increased the plasma taurine, asparagine and decreased glutamine, glycine, alanine, methionine and histidine levels. the hypoxic-cold stress comb ... | 1989 | 2740620 |
| the hemoglobins of the adult blackbird (turdus merula, passeriformes). the sequence of the major (hba) and minor component (hbd). | the blood of the adult blackbird contains one major hemoglobin component (hba = alpha a2, beta 2, ca. 80%) and one minor one (hbd = alpha d2 beta 2, ca. 20%). the hb-components were separated by fplc on a tsk sp-5 pw column, and eluted with a linear nacl gradient, while the globin chains were purified on a cation exchange (cm-cellulose). tryptic peptides from the globin chains were separated by hplc on an rp-2 lichrosorb column. the complete amino acid sequence was determined by automatic edman ... | 1989 | 2757791 |
| natural cryptosporidiosis in domestic geese, anser anser l., in czechoslovakia. | | 1989 | 2767557 |
| the pattern of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the avian forebrain. | in autoradiographs of cryostat sections through the forebrains of domestic geese (anser anser f. dom.) the distribution of muscarinic ach-receptors was studied. a regionally varied receptor density is described and compared to histological subdivisions. possible correlations of receptor pattern and functional systems are discussed. | 1989 | 2794482 |
| [vaccination of geese (anser anser dom.) and muscovy ducks (cairina moschata dom.) against parvovirus hepatitis (s. derzsy's disease)-- report of a field trial with the attenuated live virus vaccine palmivax]. | | 1985 | 2996870 |
| the topography of regio caudalis hypothalami in goose (anser anser f. domestica). | we studied the topography of the caudal hypothalamic region of the goose on brain sections stained with luxol fast blue and cresyl violet in combination according to klüver-barrera (1953), or with cresyl violet (nissl method). in the regio caudalis hypothalami of this bird we identified in agreement with nomina anatomica avium (breazile 1979): nucleus premamillaris (pm), nucleus mamillaris lateralis (ml), nucleus mamillaris medialis (mm), nucleus supramamillaris interstitialis (smi) and nucleus ... | 1986 | 3103483 |
| [augmentation of nitrogen efficiency and hyperphagia associated with refeeding after prolonged fast in the domestic goose]. | the domestic goose is hyperphagic after a fast resulting in a 40% decrease in body mass (a decrease similar to that during breeding anorexia). food intake is maximum on the 8th day of refeeding. as it is then an average of 2.5 times higher than before the fast, food intake may thus reach the value during forced-feeding for "foie gras". since nitrogen assimilation rate also increases 2.5 times, nitrogen fixation is increased 6.8 times, suggesting a high level of protein synthesis. | 1988 | 3132313 |
| light microscopic, enzyme biochemical and steroid analytical investigations of follicular atresia in the ovary of domestic goose. | follicular atresia in the ovary of the domestic goose was investigated by light microscopic, steroid ria and lysosomal enzyme activity measuring methods during the spring reproduction cycle. degenerative processes are associated with the transformation and proliferation of granulosa, internal and external thecal cells in the follicle. seven types of atretic follicles were identified on the basis of the presence, absence or dominance of cells containing lipids and synthesizing steroids. conclusiv ... | 1988 | 3151422 |
| a simple analysis of carnosine and anserine--it's application to traumatic shock. | | 1988 | 3254857 |
| structural and hormonal changes during follicular maturation in the ovary of the domestic goose. | follicle maturation in the ovary of sexually mature domestic geese in the spring reproductive cycle was investigated by histological methods and steroid-ria. the single-layer granulosa of primary follicles temporarily transformed in the growing white follicles into several layers or a simple membrana granulosa with nuclei at several different levels in the cell. in the yolky follicles the granulosa represents a cuboidal epithelium (f4-f3) and subsequently a high cylindrical epithelium (f1). the ... | 1988 | 3256179 |
| detection, characterisation, and quantification of carnosine and other histidyl derivatives in cardiac and skeletal muscle. | isocratic reverse phase analytical high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) has been used to examine naturally occurring imidazoles of cardiac and skeletal muscles. elution of muscle extracts with a phosphate buffer mobile phase from columns packed with hypersil ods (5 micron) resulted in good separation of the skeletal muscle imidazole-containing dipeptides carnosine and anserine. measured concentrations corresponded to published values. n-acetyl forms that were not commercially available ... | 1988 | 3263885 |
| ergothioneine, histidine, and two naturally occurring histidine dipeptides as radioprotectors against gamma-irradiation inactivation of bacteriophages t4 and p22. | bacteriophages p22, t4+, and t4os (osmotic shock-resistant mutant with altered capsids) were diluted in 0.85% nacl and exposed to gamma irradiation (2.79 gy/min) at room temperature (24 degrees c). t4+ was more sensitive to inactivation than was p22, and the t4os mutant was even more sensitive than t4+. catalase exhibited a strong protective effect and superoxide dismutase a weaker protection, indicating that h2o2 or some product derived therefrom was predominant in causing inactivation of plaqu ... | 1988 | 3287426 |
| antioxidative properties of histidine-containing dipeptides from skeletal muscles of vertebrates. | 1. ascorbate-dependent peroxidation of lipid components of biological membranes is inhibited by the natural histidine-containing dipeptides, carnosine and anserine, used at physiological concentrations. 2. carnosine and anserine exhibit an equal antioxidative activity, whereas the preventing effect of homocarnosine is manifested only at low concentrations of oxidized lipid material. 3. the inhibiting effect of the dipeptides is enhanced either by the rise in the dipeptide concentration or by the ... | 1988 | 3356133 |
| the cytogenetics of domestic geese. | hybrids were produced between an african male and several pilgrim female domestic geese. partial karyotypes revealed a difference in the fourth largest pair of autosomal chromosomes. this chromosome pair was metacentric in the african, submetacentric in the pilgrim, and heteromorphic in the hybrids. a similar difference between the putative wild ancestors of the african and pilgrim breeds has been reported by others. these findings provide cytological evidence to support the traditional opinion ... | 1988 | 3367038 |
| growth and development of bohemian geese (anser anser). | 1. one hundred and twenty geese were slaughtered in groups of 10 at weekly intervals from 1-d-old until 71 d and also at 114 d and were subjected to carcase analysis. 2. the reduction in the proportion of low-value parts of the body in the period from the first to 114th d after hatching was 16.4 and 17.3% for males and females, respectively. 3. the relative proportion of weight of legs declined both with age and with body weight increase. it was described by a linear function in males and by a p ... | 1988 | 3382982 |
| density distribution and physicochemical properties of plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the goose, anser anser, a potential model of liver steatosis. | the fractionation and physicochemical characterization of the complex molecular components composing the plasma lipoprotein spectrum in the goose, a potential model of liver steatosis, are described. twenty lipoprotein subfractions (d less than 1.222 g/ml) were separated by isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation, and characterized according to their chemical composition, particle size and particle heterogeneity, electrophoretic mobility, and apolipoprotein content. analytical ultracentri ... | 1988 | 3411248 |
| the primary structures of the major and minor hemoglobin-components of adult andean goose (chloephaga melanoptera, anatidae): the mutation leu----ser in position 55 of the beta-chains. | the primary structures of the hemoglobin components hb a and hb d of the adult andean goose (chloephaga melanoptera) are presented. the globin chains were separated on cm-cellulose in 8m urea buffer. the amino-acid sequences were established by automatic edman degradation of the globin chains and of the tryptic peptides in liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. the sequences are aligned with those of greylag goose (anser anser) as a biological reference and other sequences of birds. a detailed evalu ... | 1987 | 3442599 |
| the nucleus basalis-neostriatum complex in the goose (anser anser l.). | | 1986 | 3511612 |
| [tolerance of halofuginone (stenorol) by geese (anser anser f. dom.), flight ducks (cairina moschata f. dom.) and peking ducks (anas platyrhynchos f. dom.)]. | | 1986 | 3516638 |
| the identification of the n tau-methyl histidine-containing dipeptide, balenine, in muscle extracts from various mammals and the chicken. | the occurrence of the dipeptide, balenine (beta-alanyl-n tau-methyl histidine), has been identified by comparative chromatography in extracts of muscles from 9 species of mammal, including man, and the chicken. the identity of the dipeptide from 6 mammalian species and chicken was confirmed by preparative isolation prior to determination of the amino acid composition and n-terminal residue. in all cases, the dipeptide contained equimolar amounts of beta-alanine and n tau-methyl histidine with be ... | 1987 | 3568619 |
| experimental transmission of duck hepatitis b virus to pekin ducks and to domestic geese. | we investigated experimental transmission of duck hepatitis b virus to its original host, the domestic pekin duck, and to three other avian species. intramuscular injection of a standard inoculum of duck hepatitis b virus into 2- to 5-day-old pekin ducklings hatched from a duck hepatitis b virus-free flock resulted in viremia in 100% of 107 animals, indicating that duck hepatitis b virus infection of young progeny of a defined duck hepatitis b virus-free flock occurs reproducibly. when the same ... | 1987 | 3610050 |
| intracellular metabolites in rat muscle following trauma: a 31p and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance study. | hind limb skeletal muscle was studied in vivo in a rat trauma model using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the model used was a 25% body surface area, full-thickness burn administered under anaesthesia. two groups of six rats were studied. weight loss was observed in the experimental group whilst the control group continued to gain weight. concentration ratios involving intramyocellular phosphocreatine (pcr), creatine (cr), adenosine triphosphate (atp), inorganic phosphate (pi), an ... | 1987 | 3656335 |
| a volumetric comparison of brains between greylag geese (anser anser l.) and domestic geese. | volumes of brain and brain subdivisions in greylag and domestic geese are determined by cytoarchitectonical methods in order to confirm the reduction in brain weight of 16.13% due to domestication which was described in an earlier study. olfactory structures, nucleus basalis and the 'piriform' corticoid layer are found to be particular different in shape and position compared to other birds, especially the pigeon. the volumes of brain parts in relation to the total brain are very similar in both ... | 1987 | 3668239 |
| high-altitude respiration of birds. the primary structures of the alpha d-chains of the bar-headed goose (anser indicus), the greylag goose(anser anser) and the canada goose (branta canadensis). | the primary structures of the alpha d-chains of the minor component hb d of anser indicus, anser anser and branta canadensis are presented. following chain separation by rp-hplc, the amino-acid sequences were established by automatic edman degradation of the globin chains and the tryptic peptides. the three chains show a high degree of homology. for the high altitude respiration the alpha 1 beta 1 interface at position alpha 119 is important. for the bar-headed goose a mechanism for high altitud ... | 1986 | 3755960 |
| the effects of a calcium deficient diet on the mechanical properties and morphology of goose bone. | a control group of geese (anser anser) on a normal calcium diet for egg laying poultry was compared to egg laying geese on a calcium deficient diet. the ultimate compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of femoral cortical bone from each group were determined by compressing right circular cylinders which were 2.4 mm in height and 0.8 mm in diameter. the bending strength and bending modulus of elasticity of tibial cortical bone were determined by three point bend tests on rectangular prisms ... | 1986 | 3771584 |
| characterization of two carnosine-degrading enzymes from rat brain. partial purification and characterization of a carnosinase and a beta-alanyl-arginine hydrolase. | from rat brain extracts, two carnosine-degrading enzymes have been identified and partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-sepharose cl-4b and gel filtration. these enzymes exhibit distinct differences in their chemical characteristics and substrate specificities. one enzyme, designated carnosinase, preferentially hydrolyzes carnosine and exhibits a low km value (0.02 mm) towards this substrate. carnosinase also degrades anserine but not ... | 1986 | 3780724 |
| description of the goose coccidium eimeria stigmosa (klimes, 1963), with evidence of intranuclear development. | oocysts of eimeria stigmosa isolated from a wild juvenile lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens) were used in experimental infections of laboratory-reared geese. the structure of oocysts is described; a peculiar bumpy surface and a calyx-like thickening around the micropyle are illustrated by scanning electron microscopy. experimentally infected geese had reduced feed intake and passed blood in their feces. six days post-inoculation (p.i.) oocysts were passed for about 24 hr. oocyst ... | 1986 | 3783353 |
| ventilatory and intrapulmonary chemoreceptor sensitivity to co2 in the burrowing owl. | we measured the ventilatory response of anesthetized, unidirectionally ventilated pigeons and burrowing owls to changes in intrapulmonary co2 concentration and the static co2 sensitivity of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (ipc) in these species and the domestic goose. compared with pigeons, burrowing owls showed a significantly reduced respiratory frequency and amplitude response to increases in fico2 from 0.05 to 0.10, which corroborates similar findings in intact, awake individuals of the same s ... | 1985 | 3937191 |
| preliminary report on two new plasma protein polymorphisms in the goose (anser anser). | two-dimensional agarose gel (ph 8.6)-horizontal polyacrylamide gel (ph 9.0) electrophoresis of plasma proteins in the goose was done. this method resulted in improved separation of proteins in the pre-transferrin and transferrin regions. preliminary evidence was presented for the existence of two new plasma protein polymorphisms. | 1985 | 4003859 |
| pulmonary vascular resistance during unilateral pulmonary arterial occlusion in ducks. | we measured mean pulmonary arterial pressure (ppa) during temporary unilateral pulmonary arterial occlusion (tupao) in 10 ducks. ppa increased from 11.4 +/- 0.8 mmhg during control conditions to 18.8 +/- 1.8 during tupao. in 5 of the 10 ducks we also measured mean left atrial pressure (pla) and cardiac output (q). in these ducks ppa significantly increased with tupao from 13.9 +/- 0.4 to 22.0 +/- 1.2 mmhg, whereas pla and q did not change significantly. pulmonary vascular resistance (pvr) increa ... | 1985 | 4014495 |
| three-dimensional structure of goose-type lysozyme from the egg white of the australian black swan, cygnus atratus. | the egg white of c. atratus contains two forms of lysozyme, a 'chick-type' which is similar to that found in the egg white of the domestic hen, and a 'goose-type' similar to that found in the egg white of the embden goose. the molecular structure of the goose-type lysozyme has been determined at a resolution of a 2.8 a by x-ray crystallographic analysis. the structure consists of two domains linked by a long stretch of alpha-helix. in all, there are seven helical segments in the structure. while ... | 1985 | 4062692 |