| tuberculosis in a mandarin duck. | | 1982 | 7188288 |
| metastatic malignant melanoma in a mandarin duck (aix galericulata). | a biopsy taken from a mass on the dorsal surface of the bill of an adult female mandarin duck (aix galericulata) was diagnosed as a malignant melanoma by light microscopy. two months later, the tumor had enlarged considerably; the duck developed severe dyspnea and was euthanatized. at necropsy, there were metastases to lymphoid tissues in the lower regions of the neck. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a malignant melanoma in a mandarin duck. | 1993 | 8141749 |
| plesiomonas shigelloides and its serovars in animals in the czech republic--region moravia. | in the period of 1994-1997, 4,552 samples of sectional, clinical material and environment were examined for the presence of plesiomonas shigelloides. in 55 cases (1,21%) plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated. within 55 isolated strains, 26 serovars have been successfully identified. among other secured cases was plesiomonas shigelloides isolated in pig (sus scrofa domestica), mouse mus musculus), binturong (arctictis binturong) and raccoon (pocyon lotor). in mandarin duck (aix galericulata) the ... | 1999 | 10084023 |
| identification and characterization of avihepadnaviruses isolated from exotic anseriformes maintained in captivity. | five new hepadnaviruses were cloned from exotic ducks and geese, including the chiloe wigeon, mandarin duck, puna teal, orinoco sheldgoose, and ashy-headed sheldgoose. sequence comparisons revealed that all but the mandarin duck viruses were closely related to existing isolates of duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv), while mandarin duck virus clones were closely related to ross goose hepatitis b virus. nonetheless, the s protein, core protein, and functional domains of the pol protein were highly cons ... | 2005 | 15708992 |
| pathological study of naturally occurring adenocarcinomas demonstrating differentiation in ducks. | case 1, a mucinous adenocarcinoma, was in the pancreas of a 5-year-old male mandarin duck. the tumour comprised a single layer of duct-like structures with abundant fibrous stroma. the neoplastic cells produced a large amount of mucin, and dense or moderately dense mucin granules were observed ultrastructurally. case 2 was a 1-year-old male mandarin duck, which had a type ii pneumocytoid carcinoma within the thoracic air sacs. light microscopy revealed papillary growths composed of stratified ne ... | 2004 | 15763726 |
| pasteurella anatipestifer as a cause of mortality in captive wild waterfowl. | an outbreak of pasteurella anatipestifer infection in young wild waterfowl at the niska waterfowl research center resulted in losses of approximately 100 blue and snow geese, one white-fronted goose, five mandarin ducks, one black duck and one wood duck. clinical signs included diarrhea, paralysis and tremors. gross lesions were fibrin deposits on serosal surfaces, hemorrhages on the epicardium, consolidation of the lungs, cloudy or flaky deposits on the air sacs, and dark, swollen spleens. micr ... | 1970 | 16512147 |
| survey of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. infections in various animals at a zoo in japan. | a total of 284 fecal samples of 89 species (43 mammalian species and 46 avian species) were examined for cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts from 1999 to 2002. each sample was collected at the zoo located at osaka in japan and examined by microscopy after performing the sucrose flotation method and by two immunofluorescent assay kits for detection of cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts. cryptosporidium spp. was found only in a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), and giardia spp. ... | 2005 | 17323580 |
| an avian influenza virus of h10 subtype that is highly pathogenic for chickens, but lacks multiple basic amino acids at the haemagglutinin cleavage site. | avian influenza virus isolate a/mandarin duck/singapore/805/f-72/7/93 was found to be consistently highly pathogenic by recognised in vivo testing procedures although it was of a subtype (h10) not usually associated with high pathogenicity. the virus was also not typical of highly pathogenic influenza viruses in that it was not pathogenic when administered intra-nasally, did not possess a haemagglutinin cleavage site with multiple basic amino acids and did not replicate in the brains of chickens ... | 1996 | 18645899 |
| genetic and phenotypic characterization of a low-pathogenicity avian influenza h11n9 virus. | an h11n9 low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus, a/duck/wa/663/97, was isolated from a sick mandarin duck kept in an outdoor bird exhibit. genetic and phenotypic characterization of the virus suggested that it originated from free-flying birds, a concept supported by genetic similarity with waterfowl isolates from the same geographic area and time period. this duck-origin virus had genetic features typical of h11 and n9 viruses, including no neuraminidase stalk deletion, no differences in putat ... | 2008 | 18825481 |
| [monitoring influenza a virus and newcastle disease virus in migratory waterfowls in sanjiang natural reserve of heilongjiang province]. | in order to monitor the present situation of avian influenza virus (aiv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) in migratory waterfowls effectively, 158 tracheal and cloacal swab samples for wild birds were collected from sanjiang natural reserve during migratory seasons in october 2005, april 2006 and october 2006. | 2008 | 19160826 |
| variability in pathobiology of south korean h5n1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus infection for 5 species of migratory waterfowl. | the pathobiology of h5n1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (hpai) virus infection in wild waterfowl is poorly understood. this study examined the pathobiology of a/chicken/korea/is/06 (h5n1) hpai in 5 migratory waterfowl species--mute swans (cygnus olor), greylag geese (anser anser), ruddy shelducks (tadorna ferruginea), mandarin ducks (aix galericulata), and mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos)--following intranasal inoculation or contact exposure, from which all birds became infected. in mute s ... | 2010 | 20382820 |
| mortality factors and lead contamination of wild birds from korea. | wild birds have frequently been found dead in their natural habitats, but little is known about what ecological stressors may impact health of wild populations. here, we report the potentially harmful lead (pb) levels in tissues along with necropsies on 69 individuals of cranes, raptors, and waterfowl found dead between 2000 and 2003 in korea. in all samples diagnosed, trauma (n = 22), severe emaciation (n = 15), and infectious diseases (n = 11) were identified. in the survey, injury with pb sho ... | 2010 | 20824331 |
| characterisation of a highly pathogenic h5n1 clade 2.3.2 influenza virus isolated from swans in shanghai, china. | in spring 2009, one strain of h5n1 clade 2.3.2 virus was isolated from wild swans in shanghai, indicating the importance of the wild swan in the ecology of this highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) in eastern china. pathogenicity experiments conducted in this study indicated that the virus was highly pathogenic for chickens but lowly pathogenic for mammalian hosts, as evidenced by reduced infection of mice. the analysis of complete genome sequences and genetic evolution showed that a/ ... | 2011 | 21904849 |
| surveillance and isolation of hpai h5n1 from wild mandarin ducks (aix galericulata). | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus circulates among a variety of free-ranging wild birds and continually poses a threat to animal and human health. during the winter of 2010-2011, we surveyed korean wild bird habitats. from 728 fresh fecal samples, 14 hpai h5n1 viruses were identified. the isolates phylogenetically clustered with other recently isolated clade 2.3.2 hpai h5n1 viruses isolated from wild birds in mongolia. all hpai-positive fecal samples were analyzed by dna barcod ... | 2011 | 22102673 |
| Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus in wild birds captured in Korea. | Climate change induced by recent global warming may have a significant impact on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. For example, the distribution of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has expanded into new regions. We surveyed the levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies against JEV (Family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) in wild birds captured in Korea. Blood samples were collected from 1,316 wild birds including the following migratory birds: Oceanodroma castro (n = 4), Anas formo ... | 2011 | 22122903 |
| ethylene glycol poisoning in sheep. | oxalate toxicity in sheep as a consequence of exposure to ethylene glycol. chlamydophila abortus infection in a dairy cow. neosporosis diagnosed in a newborn lamb with deformities. yersiniosis affecting a 1000-strong goat herd. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome causing blue ears in 14-week-old pigs. avian tuberculosis diagnosed in an adult mandarin duck. these are among matters discussed in the animal and plant health agency's (apha's) disease surveillance report for january and febr ... | 2015 | 25977491 |
| molecular identification of enterocytozoon bieneusi, cryptosporidium, and giardia in brazilian captive birds. | a total of 85 fecal samples from captive birds collected from october 2013 to september 2014 in uberlândia and belo horizonte in the state of minas gerais (brazil) were evaluated for the presence of enterocytozoon bieneusi, cryptosporidium, and giardia by pcr. of these, three birds were found positive for e. bieneusi (3.5%), two for cryptosporidium (2.3%), and one for giardia (1.2%). two genotypes of e. bieneusi were detected by nucleotide sequence analysis of the its region, genotypes d and per ... | 2017 | 27815734 |
| characterization of h10 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in south korea. | a total of 13 avian influenza viruses of the h10 subtype were isolated from wild birds in south korea over the winter season between july 2008 and july 2011. the ha cleavage site of most of the isolated viruses, peimqgr↓g was similar to that of h10 viruses (a/turkey/england/384/79 and a/mandarin duck/singapore/805/93), which are well known to be highly pathogenic in chickens. the exception was the a/mallard/korea/1242/10(h10n6) virus, which had a pemmqgr motif. phylogenetic analysis showed that ... | 2012 | 22841407 |
| experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n8 and h5n1) viruses. | a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in south korea in january 2014. here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of h5 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. h5n8 (clade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified h5n1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). however, none of th ... | 2017 | 28062008 |
| characterization of clade 2.3.2.1 h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds (mandarin duck and eurasian eagle owl) in 2010 in korea. | starting in late november 2010, the h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus was isolated from many types of wild ducks and raptors and was subsequently isolated from poultry in korea. we assessed the genetic and pathogenic properties of the hpai viruses isolated from a fecal sample from a mandarin duck and a dead eurasian eagle owl, the most affected wild bird species during the 2010/2011 hpai outbreak in korea. these viruses have similar genetic backgrounds and exhibited the highest ... | 2013 | 23611846 |
| pathogenicity of an h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated in the 2010-2011 winter in japan to mandarin ducks. | widespread outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) caused by h5n1 viruses occurred in wild birds in japan from 2010-2011. forty out of 63 deceased wild birds belonged to the order anseriformes, and mandarin duck was one of the dominant species. to estimate the risk of mandarin ducks as a source of virus infection in the environment, we examined the pathogenicity of a causal h5n1 hpai virus to mandarin ducks. about half of the mandarin ducks died by inoculation with 10(7.0)tcid50 of ... | 2013 | 23318574 |
| genetics and infectivity of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens and wild birds in japan during 2010-11. | outbreaks of h5n1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) were recorded in chickens, domesticated birds and wild birds throughout japan from november 2010 to march 2011. genetic analysis of the japanese isolates indicated that all gene segments, except the pa gene, were closely related to japanese wild bird isolates in 2008 and belonged to clade 2.3.2.1 classified by the who/oie/fao h5n1 evolution working group. direct ancestors of the pa gene segment of all japanese viruses anal ... | 2012 | 23000396 |
| reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza a(h5n6) virus in a wild mandarin duck, south korea, 2016. | a reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza a(h5n6) virus was isolated from a fecal sample of a mandarin duck (aix galericulata) in south korea during october 2016. this virus was genetically similar to h5n6 subtype virus isolates from china, vietnam, laos, and hong kong, including human isolates. | 2017 | 28240976 |
| characterization of clade 2.3.4.4 h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild birds possessing atypical hemagglutinin polybasic cleavage sites. | since 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 h5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have been distributed worldwide. these viruses, which were reported to be highly virulent in chickens by intravenous inoculation, have a consensus hpai motif plrerrrkr at the ha cleavage site. however, two-clade 2.3.4.4 h5n8 viruses which we isolated from wild migratory birds in late 2014 in japan possessed atypical ha cleavage sequences. a swan isolate, tottori/c6, had a novel polybasic cleavage sequence, pl ... | 2017 | 27738904 |
| seroepidemiology and risk assessment of toxoplasma gondii infection in captive wild birds and mammals in two zoos in the north of portugal. | toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world. it can affect most warm-blooded animals but only felids are its definitive hosts. we determined seroprevalence and associated risk factors in birds and mammals kept in two zoological parks in northern portugal. sera from 77 birds and 42 mammals were assayed for the presence of t. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (mat, cut-off titre 20); 34.5% (41/119) were seropositi ... | 2017 | 28215867 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of aix galericulata and tadorna ferruginea: bearings on their phylogenetic position in the anseriformes. | aix galericulata and tadorna ferruginea are two anatidae species representing different taxonomic groups of anseriformes. we used a pcr-based method to determine the complete mtdnas of both species, and estimated phylogenetic trees based on the complete mtdna alignment of these and 14 other anseriforme species, to clarify anseriform phylogenetics. phylogenetic trees were also estimated using a multiple sequence alignment of three mitochondrial genes (cyt b, nd2, and coi) from 68 typical species ... | 2014 | 25375111 |
| experimental infection with highly pathogenic h5n8 avian influenza viruses in the mandarin duck (aix galericulata) and domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica). | wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv). sub-clinical infection with hpai in resident wild birds could be a source of dissemination of hpaiv and continuous outbreaks. in this study, the pathogenicity and infectivity of two strains of h5n8 clade 2.3.4.4 virus were evaluated in the mandarin duck (aix galericulata) and domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica). none of the birds experimentally infected with h ... | 2017 | 28619174 |
| development of avian external genitalia: interspecific differences and sexual differentiation of the male and female phallus. | avian genitalia, particularly in waterfowl, are extremely diverse. penis morphology varies among species, and penis length and elaboration are associated with the frequency of forced extra-pair copulations, yet the developmental mechanisms responsible for this variation are unknown. in addition, females have a small phallic structure that is homologous to the male phallus, but little is known about when or how sexual differentiation takes place. to determine whether species-specific genital morp ... | 2015 | 25011524 |
| experimental infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 and h5n8, in mandarin ducks from south korea. | outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) have been reported worldwide. wild waterfowl play a major role in the maintenance and transmission of hpai. highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype h5n6 and h5n8 viruses simultaneously emerged in south korea. in this study, the comparative pathogenicity and infectivity of clade 2.3.4.4 group b h5n8 and group c h5n6 viruses were evaluated in mandarin duck (aix galericulata). none of the ducks infected with h5n6 or h5n8 viruses showed clinica ... | 2017 | 29266850 |
| genetic characterization of a novel north american-origin avian influenza a (h6n5) virus isolated from bean goose of south korea in 2018. | the complex overlap in waterfowl migratory pathways across the world has established numerous occurrences of genetic reassortment and intercontinental spread of avian influenza virus (aiv) over long distances, thereby calling for huge efforts and targeted surveillance for infection control. during annual surveillance in south korea in 2018, a novel avian influenza h6n5 (k6) subtype was isolated from the fecal sample of wild bird. genomic characterization using a phylogenetic tree indicated the k ... | 2020 | 32709116 |
| bioinspired superhydrophobic thermochromic films with robust healability. | thermochromic films with intriguing functionalities have great potential in soft actuators, heat storage devices, and interactive interface sensors. inspired by the unique features of bird feathers (such as nicobar pigeon, anna hummingbird, mandarin duck, etc.), a superhydrophobic thermochromic film (stf) with robust healability is proposed for the first time through sandwiching an electric heater between a top thermochromic layer and a bottom poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (pv ... | 2020 | 32118397 |
| genetic characterization of avian influenza a (h11n9) virus isolated from mandarin ducks in south korea in 2018. | in july 2018, a novel avian influenza virus (a/mandarin duck/south korea/knu18-12/2018(h11n9)) was isolated from mandarin ducks in south korea. phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted to characterize the genetic origins of the h11n9 strain. phylogenetic analysis indicated that eight gene segments of strain h11n9 belonged to the eurasian lineages. analysis of nucleotide sequence similarity of both the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes revealed the highest homology with a/ ... | 2020 | 32059510 |
| pathogenicity of h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in rooks (corvus frugilegus). | rooks (corvus frugilegus) are considered migratory crows in japan. some rooks share a wintering site in the izumi plain in kagoshima prefecture with hooded cranes (grus monacha) and white-necked cranes (grus vipio), which are designated as "endangered" in the international union for conservation of nature (iucn) red list of threatened species. highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai), caused by h5 subtype viruses, has recently been reported in these crane species in japan, in conjunction with a ... | 2020 | 32013539 |
| genetic characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolates in southern china reveals potential cross-species transmission. | increasing numbers of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) outbreaks associated with fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) have been confirmed in several provinces of china since 2015, mainly affecting 3-5-week-old broiler chicks, resulting in significant losses to the poultry industry. however, little is currently known regarding the molecular epidemiology and host specificity of fadv-4 associated with hhs in southern china. in the present study, we isolated 37 fadv-4 strains from 52 suspected cases ... | 2019 | 31226331 |
| characterizations of the endogenous starch hydrolase inhibitors in acorns of quercus fabri hance. | the acorns of quercus fabri hance tree, or the mandarin duck fruits have been consumed by locals in the form of noodle, yet there is little scientific study. we found that they have much lower digestibility compared with that of rice flour. solvent extraction using hexane, dichloromethane, and acetone-ethanol-water (aew) mixture yielded three fractions but the starch hydrolase inhibitors were only found in the aew fraction. using assay-guided fractionation of the extracts, we were able to furthe ... | 2018 | 29655711 |
| subclinical infection and transmission of clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in mandarin duck (aix galericulata) and domestic pigeon (columbia livia domestica). | since 2014, h5nx clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) have caused outbreaks in wild birds and poultry in multiple continents, including asia, europe, africa, and north america. wild birds were suspected to be the sources of the local and global spreads of hpaiv. this study evaluated the infectivity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 hpaiv in mandarin ducks (aixgalericulata) and domestic pigeons (columbia livia domestica). none of the birds used ... | 2021 | 34199847 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b subtype h5n8 virus isolated from mandarin duck in south korea, 2020. | in october 2020, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) subtype h5n8 virus was identified from a fecal sample of a wild mandarin duck (aix galericulata) in south korea. we sequenced all eight genome segments of the virus, designated as a/mandarin duck/korea/k20-551-4/2020(h5n8), and conducted genetic characterization and comparative phylogenetic analysis to track its origin. genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis show that the hemagglutinin gene belongs to h5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup b. a ... | 2020 | 33291548 |