| immunoabsorption of membrane-specific antibodies for determination of exposed and hidden proteins in human erythrocyte membranes. | human erythrocyte membrane proteins solubilized with the non-ionic detergent berol emu-043 have been characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antibodies raised against the membrane material. three out of sixteen membrane-specific immunoprecipitates disappeared when the antisera were first absorbed with intact erythrocytes. this finding indicates that three antigens are exposed on the outside of the erythrocyte membrane. one of these antigens showed acetylcholinesterase activity ... | 1975 | 49198 |
| quantitative immunoelectrophoresis of proteins in human erythrocyte membranes. analysis of protein bands obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | 1. we have defined conditions that permit quantitative immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gels of dodecyl sulfate-solubilized erythrocyte membrane proteins. 2. using human serum albumin, transferrin, mn-glycoprotein (glycophorin) and crude spectrin as test proteins, we found that accurate analyses are possible if samples and gels are 1% in non-ionic detergent (berol emu-043) or triton x-100) and if no more than 100 nmol free dodecyl sulfate is applied per sample. 3. dodecyl sulfate treated membran ... | 1975 | 52375 |
| urinary hydroxyproline excretion in carcinoma of the prostate. a comparison of 4 different modes of assessment and its role as a marker. | urinary hydroxyproline (hp) excretion has been estimated without prior dietary restriction in 33 patients with carcinoma of the prostate and expressed as either 24-h hp output or as the hydroxyproline/creatinine (hp/cr) ratio in 24-h urine sample, an early morning urine sample or a spot urine sample. the early morning urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (emu hp/cr) appears to be the most accurate and avoids the disadvantages of formal dietary restriction and prolonged urine collection. the res ... | 1979 | 534843 |
| lipid-protein globules of avian egg yolk. isolation and properties of globules stable in concentrated sodium chloride solution. | a new type of globular particle, the 'insoluble yolk globule', was isolated from the egg yolk of three avian species (hen, duck, and emu) by centrifugation or gel-filtration chromatography. these globules are stable in nacl and urea solutions at concentrations that dissolve or disrupt other constituents of yolk, the isolated globules are about 1% of the dry yolk of hen's and duck's eggs but about 8% emu's-egg yolk. most of these globules are less than 2 micrometer in diameter. electron micrograp ... | 1977 | 563717 |
| immunochemical analyses of membrane-bound complement. detection of the terminal complement complex and its similarity to "intrinsic" erythrocyte membrane proteins. | (1) membranes of sheep erythrocytes lysed with antibody and human or rabbit complement were solubilized in non-ionic detergents (triton x-100 or berol emu-043) and analysed immunochemically using antisera directed against individual complement components. the precipitation behaviour of membrane-bound c3, c5, c6 and c9 components of complement was examined by immuno-double diffusion, rocket- and crossed immunoelectrophoresis performed in agarose gels containing 1% non-ionic detergent. (2) membran ... | 1975 | 809065 |
| calf thymus alkaline phosphatase. ii. interaction with detergents. | 1. a number of detergents were used to dissolve calf thymus plasma membranes rich in alkaline phosphatase (orthophosporic-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), ec 3.1.3.1) activity. 2. the stokes' radius (r) of alkaline phosphatase in each detergent was measured by gel filtraton. the size of the solubilized enzyme varied from r = 6.2 nm in sodium cholate to r = 8.3 nm in berol emu-043. with n-alkylsulphates, the apparent size increased with alkyl chain length, with r = 6.4 nm (c9) and ... | 1977 | 831832 |
| primary structure of apovitellenin i from hen egg yolk and its comparison with emu apovitellenin i. | the amino acid sequence of apovitellenin i from hen egg yolk has been determined using both automatic and manual procedures; it comprises 82 residues. hen apovitellenin shows considerable homology with emu apovitellenin i which contains 84 residues. besides two deletions in the sequence, the hen protein differs in 28 positions from the emu protein; 26 of these positions may have arisen from single base changes. the changes are largely conservative ones, which suggest that the structure and funct ... | 1976 | 988817 |
| response to co2 of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in the emu. | we studied discharge frequencies of 12 intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in the paleopulmonic lung of an emu (dromiceius novaechollandiae) during unidirectional, artificial ventilation when step changes and static co2 concentrations were given. discharge frequency in afferent neurons from the receptors increased as intrapulmonary co2 decreased. the response of the receptors to various static intrapulmonary co2 concentrations was similar to that previously demonstrated for the duck and chicken. the m ... | 1976 | 1019429 |
| studies on the apoproteins of the major lipoprotein of the yolk of hen's eggs. i. isolation and properties of the low-molecular-weight apoproteins. | in a continuing study of protein-lipid interactions in egg yolk, the total apoprotein mixture (i.e. the 'apovitellenins') from the high-lipid, low-density lipoprotein (density 0.97 g/ml) of the yolk from hen's eggs has been isolated in a soluble form. by gel-filtration chromatography in 6m urea the mixture has been separated into several fractions from which three new low-molecular-weight proteins (i, ia, and ii), making up about 30% of the total, have been isolated. the most plentiful of these ... | 1975 | 1167127 |
| eastern equine encephalitis in a flock of emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | eastern equine encephalitis (eee) was diagnosed in a flock of emus in southeastern louisiana. the outbreak involved juvenile and adult breeders ranging in age from 20 to 36 months, with an attack rate of 76% and a case fatality rate of 87%. the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation and characterization of the viral agent, and by detection of eee antibody in two recovered emus. high mortality was preceded by marked depression, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and emesis of blood-stained ingesta. on postmorte ... | 1992 | 1417619 |
| reference serum biochemical values for emus and ostriches. | reference serum biochemical values were determined in blood samples from 15 male, 18 female, and 4 unsexed emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) 1 to 48 months old. serum biochemical values also were obtained for 19 male, 26 female, and 4 unsexed ostriches (struthio camelus) 1 to 60 months old. parametric (mean +/- 2 sd) and non-parametric (fifth to 95th percentile) reference ranges and linear trends as influenced by age were determined for enzyme activities and concentrations of glucose, inorganic ph ... | 1992 | 1456516 |
| strain dependency of cell-type specificity and onset of lymphoma development in emu-myc transgenic mice. | c-myc is a nuclear proto-oncogene that, when activated, induces malignancies in a variety of tissues. most murine plasmacytomas and human burkitt's lymphomas have been shown to carry a chromosomal translocation involving c-myc and immunoglobulin genes. to study genetic or epigenetic factors that affect myc-induced lymphoid cell tumors, we previously introduced the emu-myc delta gene lacking its own promoter and first exon into two inbred strains of mice, c57bl/6 and c3h/hej. we observed three ch ... | 1992 | 1582889 |
| transient expression of the coat protein of sugarcane mosaic virus in sugarcane protoplasts and expression in escherichia coli. | the coat protein (cp) of strain sc of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv-sc) was expressed transiently in sugarcane protoplasts after electroporation with one of two plasmids encoding the cp gene. the cp gene was fused with either the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or the synthetic monocotyledon promoter "emu". the coat protein gene was also inducibly expressed in escherichia coli when fused to the trc promoter. the protein expressed in both systems had the same electrophoretic mobility and ant ... | 1992 | 1642548 |
| evaluation of endocrine parameters in clinical trials with beta-hcg vaccine. | this report presents data on various endocrine parameters with respect to pituitary-ovarian axis in-depth in control vs 18 subjects immunized with three beta-hcg based vaccine formulations. hormonal parameters such as tsh, prl, acth, progesterone, cortisol, t3 and t4 were measured by ria in sera in control pre-vaccine cycles as well as at 3, 6, and 12 months after primary vaccine immunization. in 6 women urinary e1g, pdg, lh and fsh were measured by elisa/ria tests on early morning urine (emu) s ... | 1991 | 1706244 |
| activation of immunoglobulin control elements in transgenic mice. | to assess the role interleukins and mitogens play in regulating immunoglobulin (ig) gene expression via the ig enhancer and promoter, transgenic mice carrying two different ig gene regulatory regions were generated. one, emukcat, contains the ig heavy chain enhancer (emu) and the kappa light chain promoter driving the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene. in the other, delta emukcat, cat is under the control of the kappa promoter alone. emu and kappa relative activity were assessed by ca ... | 1992 | 1729170 |
| sequence conservation in avian cr1: an interspersed repetitive dna family evolving under functional constraints. | cr1 is a short interspersed repetitive dna element originally identified in the domestic chicken (gallus gallus). however, unlike virtually all other such sequences described to date, cr1 is not confined to one or a few closely related species. it is probably a ubiquitous component of the avian genome, having been detected in representatives of nine orders encompassing a wide spectrum of the class aves. this identification was made possible by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which rev ... | 1991 | 1829530 |
| spermatozoa and relationships in palaeognath birds. | in this paper the authors describe the ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoon and the spermatid in struthio camelus and dromaius novaehollandiae. the first species is characterized by a rod-like perforatorium within an endonuclear canal in the anterior third of the nucleus, while the second is characterized by an extremely reduced completely extranuclear perforatorium. other differences are in the sperm dimensions, the number of mitochondria and the length of the axonemal accessory fibers. co ... | 1991 | 1912945 |
| selection of the t-cell repertoire in transgenic mice expressing a transplantation antigen in distinct thymus subsets. | transgenic mice that expressed a transplantation antigen, h-2kb, in an unusual tissue distribution have been developed. gene-regulatory elements from the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (emu enhancer and heavy chain promoter) were linked to the class i kb gene and the construct microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs of a different haplotype. it was expected that such gene-regulatory elements would direct expression of the foreign class i molecules only to b and t lymphocytes. however, express ... | 1990 | 1979441 |
| carcinogen-induced lymphomagenesis in pim-1 transgenic mice: dose dependence and involvement of myc and ras. | transgenic mice overexpressing the pim-1 oncogene in their lymphoid compartments are predisposed to t-cell lymphomagenesis but only to the extent that approximately 10% of the transgenic mice develop lymphomas within 34 weeks after birth. recently, we have shown that lymphomagenesis in pim-1 transgenic mice can be accelerated by infecting pim-1 transgenic mice with murine leukemia viruses or by treating the mice with a relatively low dose of 60 mg of the carcinogen n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (enu) pe ... | 1991 | 1988138 |
| restricted utilization of vh and dh genes in leukemic rabbit b cells. | polyclonal b cell leukemias have been generated in 17- to 20-day old emu-myc transgenic rabbits. to analyze the repertoire of vh genes utilized in early b cells, eight vdj genes were cloned from these leukemic cells. the nucleotide sequences of these genes indicated that seven of the eight vdj genes encoded prototype vha1, vha2 or vha3 allotypes. the two vdj genes encoding vha1 molecules had vh segments with identical nucleotide sequences; similarly, the vh segments of the four vdj genes encodin ... | 1990 | 2107085 |
| partial amino acid sequence of osteocalcin from an extinct species of ratite bird. | osteocalcin the major gamma carboxyglutamic acid containing protein of vertebrate bone has been purified from the bones of a specimen of pachyornis elephantopus, a species of the extinct class of new zealand ratite birds, the moas. the sequence of the n-terminal region of moa osteocalcin was determined using gas phase n-terminal sequencing. the n-terminal sequences of the ostrich and rhea osteocalcins were also determined. alignment of the n-terminal sequence of osteocalcin from the extinct moa ... | 1990 | 2222494 |
| abelson murine leukemia virus transforms preneoplastic emu-myc transgene-carrying cells of the b-lymphocyte lineage into plasmablastic tumors. | e mu-myc transgenic mice were back-crossed to balb/c mice up to back-cross generation 3. the offspring that included transgene-carrying and -negative mice in approximately equal proportions were randomly divided into 2 groups. thirty-four mice (group i) were treated with pristane, followed by a-mulv, and 40 (group ii) were injected with a-mulv alone. altogether, 16 lymphoid tumors developed in group i and 17 in group ii. nine of the tumors in group i and 4 in group ii appeared as ascitic tumors. ... | 1990 | 2228313 |
| rearrangement of vha1-encoding ig gene segment to the a2 chromosome in an a1/a2 heterozygous rabbit. evidence for trans recombination. | vdj genes were cloned from leukemic b cells of an a1/a2 heterozygous emu-cmyc transgenic rabbit. restriction mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that one clone, 5c3, had a vha1-encoding gene segment functionally rearranged to a jh gene segment from the a2 chromosome. this vdj gene may be the result of a trans recombination between a vh gene on the a1 chromosome and a jh gene segment on the a2 chromosome or, it may be the result of a cis recombination if the a2 chromosome contains ... | 1990 | 2307849 |
| use of superparamagnetic particles for isolation of cells. | this report describes the preparation and characterization of synthetic ferritin-like particles produced by precipitation of magnetite from a mixture of ferrous and ferric ions in the presence of dextran. the 3-nm diameter particles, containing magnetite cores surrounded by chemisorbed dextran, had a magnetization of 46.7 emu/g of iron with mössbauer quadrupole splitting of 2 delta = 0.76 mm/s. the application of these particles as a laboratory reagent for isolation of legionella from other wate ... | 1986 | 2418094 |
| lymphomagenesis in emu-myc transgenic mice does not require transgene rearrangement or mutation of myc exon 1. | in most human burkitt's lymphomas, translocation of the myc oncogene to an immunoglobulin locus is associated with loss of myc exon 1 or with mutations near its 3' border, a region where myc transcription is attenuated and translation of a larger myc polypeptide initiates. emu-myc transgenic mice, which bear the three myc exons coupled to an immunoglobulin enhancer, provide a model for the development of such lymphomas, because their lymphomagenesis appears to require events other than expressio ... | 1989 | 2699507 |
| specific guidance of motor axons to duplicated muscles in the developing amniote limb. | the effect of alteration of limb pattern upon motor axon guidance has been investigated in chick embryos. following grafting of the zone of polarizing activity (zpa) into the anterior margin of the early limb bud, limbs develop with forearms duplicated about the anteroposterior axis. the position of motoneurones innervating the duplicated posterior forearm extensor emu was mapped by retrograde transport of horse radish peroxidase (hrp). the motor pool labelled from injection into the anteriorly ... | 1988 | 3197635 |
| the amino acid sequence of emu osteocalcin: gas phase sequencing of gla-containing proteins. | osteocalcin (oc), the major gamma carboxyglutamic acid (gla)-containing protein of vertebrate bone, has been isolated from bones of the emu (dromaius novaehollandae) and the primary structure determined by a combination of gas phase n-terminal sequencing of the intact molecule and a proteolytic fragment, and carboxypeptidase y c-terminal sequencing. gla residues were located by counting tritium radioactivity in fractions from the n-terminal sequencing of the tritiated/thermally decarboxylated mo ... | 1987 | 3501719 |
| lymph heart musculature in birds. | development and innervation of the lymph heart musculature of chicken, emu, rhea, and duck was studied by electron microscopy at post-hatch ages from 3 days to adulthood. development of innervation was monitored by acetylcholinesterase staining. horseradish peroxidase was used to determine the extent of the transverse tubule network. chickens were unusual among these birds in that lymph heart myocytes had already undergone a definitive differentiation and degeneration by 3 days. in ducks and rat ... | 1987 | 3820312 |
| multimeric analysis of von willebrand factor in megakaryocytes. | von willebrand factor (vwf) is a glycoprotein that appears to play a major role in subserving the adhesion of platelets to subendothelium during hemostasis. endothelial cells have been shown capable of synthesizing and releasing this large, multimeric glycoprotein that normally circulates in the plasma in association with the factor viii coagulant molecule. megakaryocytes, the precursor cells of blood platelets, also appear to possess vwf biosynthetic capacity, since cultured guinea pig megakary ... | 1985 | 3875163 |
| osmotic and ionic regulation during dehydration in a large bird, the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae): an important role for the cloaca-rectum. | the emu, a large (40 kg) flightless bird, has low water requirements yet it has a limited ability to produce concentrated urine. to clarify the factors involved in excretion and water conservation by the emu the patterns of excretion during water restriction were examined. additionally, kidney function was studied, as also was the role of the cloaca and rectum in the final modification of excreta. following water restriction the osmolality of the excreta fluid increased to a maximum level at 6 d ... | 1985 | 4034920 |
| nuclear dna content of the emu. | | 1974 | 4140056 |
| amino-acid sequence of feather keratin from fowl. | the amino acid sequence of a single polypeptide chain, b-4, from fowl feather barbs has been determined. the b-4 chain was found to consist of 96 amino acid residues and to have a molecular weight of 10206 in the s-carboxymethylated form. the n terminus of this protein was an n-acetylserine residue. the b-4 protein contained seven s-carboxymethylcysteine residues, six of which are located in the n-terminal region (residues 1-26), and other one in c terminus. the central region of the peptide cha ... | 1983 | 6189711 |
| the effect of two chemical mutagens enu and mms on mr-mediated reversion of an insertion-sequence mutation in drosophila melanogaster. | the effects of two mutagens enu and mms characterized by different alkylation patterns have been studied on the reversion of an mr-induced singed mutation to wild-type. reversion of this unstable singed mutation under the influence of mr is assumed to represent the removal or transposition of an insertion element. since mr acts primarily in spermatogonia, the mutagens were fed to 1st instar larvae. recessive lethal tests were carried out simultaneously to calibrate for the mutagenic effectivenes ... | 1983 | 6308435 |
| the measurement of urinary lh, by a solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay. | ovulation in women may be predicted or detected by a simple, solid-phase, chemiluminescence immunoassay for the measurement of urinary lh. an igg fraction of a donkey antiserum to rabbit immunoglobulins is passively adsorbed to the walls of polystyrene tubes. human chorionic gonadotrophin-succinyl-butyl-ethyl-isoluminol and a primary antibody (rabbit anti-human lh) is incubated with samples of early morning urine. after the binding reaction, the solution is removed by aspiration. the antibody-bo ... | 1984 | 6385812 |
| ratites as oldest offshoot of avian stem--evidence from alpha-crystallin a sequences. | one of the most disputed issues in avian phylogeny is the origin of the ratites, the large flightless birds of the southern hemisphere (reviewed in refs 1-3). it is still not generally agreed whether the ostriches, rheas, emus and cassowaries, and probably kiwis, form a natural, monophyletic group, although much recent evidence supports this view. also, their phylogenetic relationship with the other avian orders remains unresolved, comparative protein sequence studies might shed new light on thi ... | 1984 | 6482951 |
| the bursa cloacae (fabricii) of struthioniforms in comparison with the bursa of other birds. | the late embryonic and postembryonic genesis of the bursa cloacae (fabricii) of struthioniforms and other birds is described and discussed. the bursa of ostrich and emu is a wall organ of the caudal cloacal chamber. the bursa of rhea is, like the bursa of gallus, a cranial appendix of the proctodeum. lobuli bursales of struthioniforms are composed of a peripheral pars lymphoepithelialis (ple) and a central pars lymphoreticularis (plr). by contrast, lobuli bursales of gallus are composed of a per ... | 1982 | 7077679 |
| pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian species. | tissue and plasma concentrations and the biological half-life of tylosin in avian species of a variety of body sizes and metabolic rates were studied. the species chosen were eastern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus virginianus), pigeons (columba livia), greater sandhill cranes (grus canadensis tabida), and emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). in the 1st phase of this study, tylosin was administered im to quail, pigeons, and emus at a dosage rate of 25 mg/kg of body weight and to cranes at a dosa ... | 1982 | 7149381 |
| the measurement of urinary steroid glucuronides as indices of the fertile period in women. world health organization, task force on methods for the determination of the fertile period, special programme of research, development and research training in human reproduction. | the concentrations of various estrogen glucuronides and pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide have been measured in daily samples of early morning urine (emu) and 24 h pooled collections throughout a total of 70 menstrual cycles (58 subjects). the immediate objective was to identify and assess the potential value of measuring hormone metabolites to locate the fertile period in women, with the ultimate aim of developing a non-invasive immunochemical test. the project was undertaken in five centres and ... | 1982 | 7176659 |
| the epididymis and its development in ratite birds (ostrich, emu, rhea). | the epididymis of ratitae is subdivided into a main part and a appendix epididymidis. the appendix epididymidis consists of the ductus aberrans and ductuli aberrantes. the ductus aberrans is the cranial continuation of the ductus epididymidis. the appendix epididymidis is cranially attached to the adrenal gland. in the main part of the epididymis the largest part of the rete testis is found. the rete testis is composed of an intratesticular rete (also named tubuli recti), and intracapsular rete ... | 1981 | 7270904 |
| the arachidonic acid content of the australian diet is lower than previously estimated. | linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the western diet and is considered to be the primary source of tissue arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)]. dietary 20:4(n-6) may also contribute to tissue 20:4(n-6) levels in humans, but the extent of this contribution is unclear. we believe that literature estimates of 20:4(n-6) intake of 200-1000 mg/d are too high, possibly because of incorrect values in food composition tables where high amounts of 20:4(n-6) are recorded in ... | 1995 | 7562087 |
| the emu-bcl-2 transgene enhances antigen-induced germinal center formation in both balb/c and sjl mice but causes age-dependent germinal center hyperplasia only in the lymphoma-prone sjl strain. | emu-bcl-2 transgenic and littermate control balb/c and sjl mice were immunized in the front footpads with trinitrophenylated brucella abortus and the germinal center (gc) response in draining brachial lymph nodes was studied by staining with peanut agglutinin peroxidase and methyl green. although the gcs induced were not larger in transgenic than in control young mice, there was a significant increase in the percentage of b cell follicles exhibiting gcs 7 to 8 days after primary and secondary an ... | 1995 | 7639335 |
| general pattern and morphological specializations of the avian cochlea. | in different bird species, there is a common pattern in the hair-cell morphology and innervation of the basilar papilla; the absolute values, however, are species-specific. in the barn-owl papilla, an extreme being case, the basal high-frequency part of the papilla is greatly expanded. in this behaviorally most important frequency range of the barn owl, the number of afferent nerve terminals to neural hair cells is extensively increased. instead of about 2 afferent terminals as in other species, ... | 1994 | 7701304 |
| incidence of campylobacters in the intestine of avian species in alabama. | avian species necropsied at the c. s. roberts veterinary diagnostic laboratory, auburn, alabama, from december 1993 until may 1994 were examined for the incidence of intestinal campylobacters. ninety-one intestinal swabs, representing 66 separate cases and 17 different avian species, were collected and placed into cary-blair transport medium. selective enrichment and culture media were used for initial isolation of campylobacter spp. presumptive colonies were identified as campylobacter spp. by ... | 1995 | 7794175 |
| presence of avian influenza virus (aiv) subtypes h5n2 and h7n1 in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) and rheas (rhea americana): virus isolation and serologic findings. | avian influenza virus (aiv) subtypes h5n2 and h7n1 were isolated from emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) and rheas (rhea americana) in texas and north carolina. all the rheas and emus had a history of respiratory disease except one emu, which was clinically normal. the isolates were not pathogenic for chickens and turkeys under the conditions of the experiment. humoral antibodies to all known hemagglutinin (h) subtypes except h10, h13, and h14 and to all nine neuraminidase (n) subtypes were found i ... | 1995 | 7794192 |
| sensitive and specific colorimetric dot assay to detect eastern equine encephalomyelitis viral rna in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) after polymerase chain reaction amplification. | a sensitive and specific colorimetric dot assay following polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method has been developed to detect 0.1 pg of eastern equine encephalomyelitis viral (eeev) rna. the assay is 250-fold more sensitive than analysis by electrophoresis and is based on converting a 291-nucleotide sequence of the viral coat protein amino terminus into a double-stranded dna (dsdna) and amplifying the dna using a specific primer pair and pcr. the amplified complementary dna (cdna) is denatured a ... | 1995 | 7869341 |
| erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in an emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). | | 1994 | 7948213 |
| an epizootic attributable to western equine encephalitis virus infection in emus in texas. | an epizootic of encephalomyelitis attributable to western equine encephalitis virus was identified in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) from several flocks in western texas in july 1992. affected emus ranged from 3 months to 3 years old. morbidity of emus in 8 flocks ranged from 15 to 50%, and 17 of 193 (8.8%) emus died. the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation and characterization of the causative virus and detection of antibody to the virus in emus that were currently ill and emus that had been ... | 1994 | 7961099 |
| emperor penguin oxygen consumption, heart rate and plasma lactate levels during graded swimming exercise. | oxygen consumption (vo2), heart rate and blood chemistry were measured in four emperor penguins, aptenodytes forsteri (gray), during graded swimming exercise. the maximum vo2 obtained, 52 ml o2 kg-1 min-1, was 7.8 times the measured resting vo2 of 6.7 ml o2 kg-1 min-1 and 9.1 times the predicted resting vo2. as the swimming effort rose, a linear increase in surface and submerged heart rates (fh) occurred. the highest average maximum surface and submersion heart rates of any bird were 213 and 210 ... | 1994 | 7964411 |
| schistosoma haematobium in rural school children in nigeria. | a survey of schistosoma haematobium infection was carried out in 722 rural school children in emu, edo state of nigeria. the ages of the children ranged from 5-19 years with those between the age-group 10-14 years constituting the highest percentage 317 (43.9%). there were more males 383 (53.0%) than females 339 (47.0%) in the study population. urine analysis of these children showed that 254 (35.2%) of them were excreting schistosoma haematobium ova and of these 196 (27.2%) had haematuria. the ... | 1994 | 8080828 |
| pathology of eastern equine encephalitis in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | | 1994 | 8140715 |
| tuberculosis in commercial emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | extensive granuloma formation typical of tuberculosis was observed in a mature female emu. the diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in lesions and culture of a mycobacterium with growth characteristics resembling m. avium from liver tissue. individual emus on the affected farm and an epidemiologically related unit gave a positive skin reaction to intradermal m. avium tuberculin. the implication of tuberculosis in commercial emus is noted in relation to the growth of the ... | 1993 | 8141752 |
| heterogeneity of motilin-immunoreactive cells in the duodenum and pyloric region of several avian species. | immunohistochemical characterizations of motilin-immunoreactive cells were examined in gastric and duodenal mucosae of nine species of birds from seven orders using five different region-specific motilin antisera. motilin-immunoreactive cells appeared as open-type cells in the mucosal epithelium and showed varying immunoreactivities to antisera used in all the birds examined except for the cormorant and penguin, which did not show any kinds of immunoreactivity to motilin. motilin-immunoreactive ... | 1993 | 8240854 |
| prevention of tumor formation in a mouse model of burkitt's lymphoma by 6 weeks of treatment with anti-c-myc dna phosphorothioate. | transgenic mice bearing a murine immunoglobulin enhancer/c-myc fusion transgene (emu-myc) provide a useful model for burkitt's lymphoma. | 1995 | 8529131 |
| combined adenovirus and rotavirus enteritis with escherichia coli septicemia in an emu chick (dromaius novaehollandiae). | a 2-week-old emu chick (dromaius novaehollandiae) of approximately 200 g body weight was presented for necropsy with a history of weakness, diarrhea, pallor of the head, and acute death. hemorrhagic enteritis with mild hepatomegaly was noted on gross examination. microscopic examination revealed necrohemorrhagic enteritis with intralesional intranuclear basophilic viral inclusion bodies in intestinal epithelial cells; splenic lymphoid necrosis and fibrin exudation; hepatocellular vacuolar change ... | 1995 | 8561755 |
| ratites (ostrich, emu) as potential heart donors for humans: immunologic considerations. | | 1996 | 8623271 |
| deregulation of pax-5 by translocation of the emu enhancer of the igh locus adjacent to two alternative pax-5 promoters in a diffuse large-cell lymphoma. | analyses of the human pax-5 locus and of the 5' region of the mouse pax-5 gene revealed that transcription from two distinct promoters results in splicing of two alternative 5' exons to the common coding sequences of exons 2-10. transcription from the upstream promoter initiates downstream of a tata box and occurs predominantly in b-lymphocytes, whereas the tata-less downstream promoter is active in all pax-5-expressing tissues. the human pax-5 gene is located on chromosome 9 in region p13, whic ... | 1996 | 8650231 |
| progenitor tumours from emu-bcl-2-myc transgenic mice have lymphomyeloid differentiation potential and reveal developmental differences in cell survival. | mice expressing both a bcl-2 and a myc transgene within the b lymphoid cell compartment invariably develop novel immature haemopoietic tumours. the likely cell of origin of these tumours was identified by a common pattern of cell surface marker expression on a subset of cells comprising approximately 1% of normal mouse bone marrow. the bcl-2-myc tumour cells could be induced to differentiate into either b lymphocytes or macrophages in culture with certain cytokines and feeder cells. analysis of ... | 1996 | 8670887 |
| a region of the 20 bp repeats lies 3' of human ig calpha1 and calpha2 genes. | the murine ig heavy chain gene locus is regulated by multiple elements. in addition to the intron enhancer, emu, there is a complex regulatory region 3' of the calpha gene, which spans approximately 40 kb and contains several enhancers. in contrast to mouse, the human igh cluster contains two calpha genes, each associated with duplicated arrays of other ch genes. there is evidence to suggest that each array is individually regulated. in this report, we describe an approximately 2 kb region conta ... | 1996 | 8671595 |
| momulv proviral integrations identified by sup-f selection in tumors from infected myc/pim bitransgenic mice correlate with activation of the gfi-1 gene. | infecting mice with a mutant moloney murine leukemia virus which contains the bacterial suppressor trna supf in its ltr allows rapid cloning of proviral integration sites from genomic tumour dna. in a previous study emu pim-1/emu l-myc bitransgenic mice had been inoculated neonatally with momulv supf virus. the retroviral infection led to acceleration of lymphomagenesis indicating the proviral activation of further oncogenes cooperating with myc and pim-1 in tumour development. using a functiona ... | 1996 | 8692692 |
| conjunctival mycobacteriosis in two emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | avian tuberculosis was diagnosed in two young adult female commercial emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) with granulomatous conjunctivitis. histologically, the granulomas appeared typical of avian tuberculosis. caseonecrotic cores were surrounded by a broad ring of palisading epithelioid macrophages and multinucleate giant cells with a moderate admixture of heterophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. one conjunctival granuloma had multifocal mineralization. at necropsy, granulomas were also found i ... | 1996 | 8740711 |
| detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus rna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using dna in situ hybridization. | eastern equine encephalomyelitis (f.ee) virus was detected in infected formalin-fixed horse and emu tissues and in infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. results of in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled 40-base dna probe complementary to a conserved region of the eee virus rna compared favorably with results of both virus isolation and serum neutralization tests. this technique may be useful for diagnosis of eee virus infection in various animal species, especially when fresh tissues a ... | 1996 | 8744734 |
| assessment of the ability of ratite-origin influenza viruses to infect and produce disease in rheas and chickens. | pathobiologic characteristics were determined for three mildly pathogenic (mp) ratite-origin avian influenza viruses (aivs). ratite-origin aivs produced respiratory disease in rheas, and virus was reisolated from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs on days 2-6 postinoculation. inoculation of two ratite-origin aivs in the upper respiratory tract of chickens resulted in viral infections, but the mean chicken infectious dose (cid50) for a/emu/texas/39924/93 (h5n2) (emu/texas) virus was 500-fold lower t ... | 1996 | 8790896 |
| malaria in a captive emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) from florida. | severe anemia and intraerythrocytic stages of an unusual plasmodium sp. were identified in the blood of a 5-month-old female emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) that had a 4-week history of malaise. examination of blood taken 3 days prior to the death of the bird revealed a packed cell volume of 10%. erythrocytes showed a marked regenerative response. approximately 4% of erythrocytes had intracytoplasmic inclusions, mainly within immature cells, resembling malarial parasites. the schizonts were a com ... | 1996 | 8790903 |
| reproductive research on farm animals for australia--some long-distance goals. | in australia, much of the research on the reproduction of farm animals has emphasised the technological manipulation of the reproductive tract, gametes and embryos. however, most of the animal production in australia is still based on sheep and beef cattle enterprises that are managed on an extensive scale; the managers need technologies that can be easily and cheaply implemented on a large scale, and that are aimed at extensive control rather than intensive manipulation. for example, for synchr ... | 1995 | 8848618 |
| an arg-lys insertion at the hemagglutinin cleavage site of an h5n2 avian influenza isolate. | recent isolations of h5n2 subtype avian influenza (ai) viruses in north america have raised questions concerning their origin, transmission to commercial poultry, and potential for virulence. one ratite-origin isolate of low pathogenicity, a/emu/tx/39924/93 (h5n2), was subjected to a procedure that rapidly selects and/or amplifies highly pathogenic (hp) strains. the resulting highly virulent derivative had an altered hemagglutinin (ha) gene containing an additional six nucleotides at position 97 ... | 1996 | 8879123 |
| susceptibility of pigeons to avian influenza. | susceptibility to infection with avian influenza virus (aiv) was studied in pigeons inoculated via oculonasal (experiment 1) or intravenous (experiment 2) route. chickens were included as susceptible hosts in both experiments. two subtypes each of the highly pathogenic aiv (hpaiv; hp ck/pa h5n2 and hp ck/australia h7n7) and non-pathogenic aiv (npaiv; np ck/pa h5n2 and np emu/tx h7n1) at a dose of 10(5) embryo infective dose per bird were used as inoculum. the pigeons inoculated with hp ck/pa h5n ... | 1996 | 8883790 |
| eastern equine encephalitis transmission to emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) in volusia county, florida: 1992 through 1994. | from may 1992 through october 1994, sera were collected from 204 domestic emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) at a ranch in volusia county, fl, and tested for antibody evidence of arboviral infection. hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and neutralizing (nt) antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus were identified in sera collected during each year. in addition, hi and nt antibodies to st. louis encephalitis virus were detected in 3 naturally infected emus. isolations of eee virus were mad ... | 1996 | 8887222 |
| husbandry practices as related to infectious and parasitic diseases of farmed ratites. | over the past decade, there has been a world-wide increase in the number of farm-raised ratites. the focus of ostrich production remains in south africa, but other countries are initiating production of this bird in addition to the emu and rhea. ostriches, emus and rheas are being produced commercially outside their native habitat, resulting in new and unique disease presentations. the authors describe bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases which are emerging in production settings. biosecurity ... | 1996 | 8924717 |
| phospholipid-rich particles in commercial parenteral fat emulsions. an overview. | in parenteral nutrition, the infusion of a fat emu supplies both concentrated energy and covers the essential fatty acid requirements, the basic objective being to mimic as well as possible the input of chylomicrons into the blood. this objective is well met by the tagrp of the emu, which behave as true chylomicrons. however, commercial emu also contain an excess of emulsifier in the form of plrp. the number of these plrp depends directly on the pl/tag ratio of the emu. they differ from the tagr ... | 1996 | 8944224 |
| characterization of pal-1, a common proviral insertion site in murine leukemia virus-induced lymphomas of c-myc and pim-1 transgenic mice. | insertional mutagenesis with moloney murine leukemia virus (momlv) in c-myc and pim-1 transgenic mice permits the identification of oncogenes that collaborate with the transgenes in lymphomagenesis. the recently identified common insertion site pal-1, in momlv-induced lymphomas, is located in a region in which several independent integration clusters are found: eis-1, gfi-1, and evi-5. proviral insertions of momlv in the different integration clusters upregulate the transcriptional activity of t ... | 1997 | 8985317 |
| coronary heart diseases: assessment of risk associated with work exposure to ultralow-frequency magnetic fields. | the present analysis was stimulated by previous findings on the possible influence of natural ultralow-frequency (ulf; 0.001-10 hz) geomagnetic field variations on the cardiovascular system and indications of an effect of man-made ulf magnetic fields on the rate of myocardial infarction. in the present study, we considered the occupational health hazards of the strongest ulf magnetic fields in densely populated urban areas. measurements of ulf magnetic field fluctuations produced by trains power ... | 1996 | 8986360 |
| intracellular campylobacter-like organisms associated with rectal prolapse and proliferative enteroproctitis in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | rectal prolapse was the presenting clinical finding in a group of juvenile emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). gross findings included severely thickened and rugose distal rectal mucosae. histologically, there were thickened villi, enterocyte hyperplasia, dilated glands filled with mucus and heterophils, and a dense infiltrate of heterophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the lamina propria. examination of warthin-starry silver-stained sections revealed numerous apically located com ... | 1997 | 9066083 |
| semen production by the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). 1. methods for collection of semen. | two methods for collecting semen from male emus using an artificial cloaca (ac) have been developed. in the first method, the male mounts the female teaser and the collector effects erection and subsequent ejaculation using the ac. the second method takes advantage of the development of sexual behaviour directed towards the semen collector and semen is collected when the male mounts the collector's back. eight of 11 males were successfully trained with teasers and 5 of the 7 males trained withou ... | 1997 | 9106890 |
| semen production by the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). 2. effect of collection frequency on the production of semen and spermatozoa. | this experiment tested the hypothesis that frequent collection of semen from emus would increase the total output of semen and spermatozoa over less frequent collection. semen was collected from trained male emus using an artificial cloaca. in experiment 1, semen was collected from males every 4th d (96-h interval), every 2nd d (48-h interval), and every day (24-h interval) for 16 d. in experiment 2, semen was collected daily (24-h interval), twice daily (6-h interval), and three times per day ( ... | 1997 | 9106891 |
| functional motifs in the igh enhancer of the channel catfish. | the transcriptional enhancer (emu3') within the ig heavy chain (igh) locus of the channel catfish differs from those found in mammalian igh loci in both its location and structure. however, upon transfection into fish or mouse lymphocytes, it activates transcription to an extent equivalent to that of the mouse igh intronic enhancer (emu). potential transcription factor binding motifs in emu3' are more numerous than in mammalian igh enhancers, and are dispersed over 1.6 kilobases. we transfected ... | 1997 | 9211744 |
| disposition of single-dose intravenously administered enrofloxacin in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) were examined following parenteral administration. a mean allometrically scaled dose of 2.2 +/- 0.03 mg/kg was administered as a single i.v. bolus, and serum samples were collected at predetermined intervals over a 24-hr period. enrofloxacin levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the resulting concentration versus time curve was analyzed using nonlinear regression with least squares parameter ... | 1997 | 9226615 |
| disposition of single-dose intravenously administered amikacin in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | the pharmacokinetics of amikacin in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) was examined following parenteral administration. a mean 7.2 +/- 0.12 mg/kg dose was administered as a single i.v. bolus, and serum samples were collected at predetermined intervals over a 24-hr period. amikacin levels were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and the resulting concentration-versus-time curve was analyzed using nonlinear regression with least squares parameter estimation. the data were best re ... | 1997 | 9226616 |
| naturally occurring cerebral nematodiasis due to baylisascaris larval migration in two black-and-white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) and suspected cases in three emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | during september and october 1992, two black-and-white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) were housed in an outdoor wire enclosure at the tulsa zoological park. the following february and april, both lemurs developed head tilt and ataxia, and they were euthanized. necropsy revealed multifocal malacia of the white matter of the pons, cerebellum, internal capsule, and cerebral and cerebellar peduncles. nematode larvae consistent with baylisascaris spp. were observed in the brain of one le ... | 1997 | 9279412 |
| pertubation of b and t cell development and predisposition to lymphomagenesis in emu bmi1 transgenic mice require the bmi1 ring finger. | proviral activation of the bmi1 gene has implicated bmi1 as a collaborator of c-myc in lymphomagenesis. to determine the effect of bmi1 overexpression on hematopoiesis and lymphomagenesis transgenic mice were generated that overexpress different forms of the bmi1 protein in their lymphoid compartment. emu bmi1 transgenic mice, overexpressing the wild type bmi1 protein showed a perturbed lymphoid development and were highly susceptible to b and t cell lymphomagenesis. mutational analysis of the b ... | 1997 | 9285685 |
| enforced bcl-2 expression inhibits antigen-mediated clonal elimination of peripheral b cells in an antigen dose-dependent manner and promotes receptor editing in autoreactive, immature b cells. | the mechanisms that establish immune tolerance in immature and mature b cells appear to be distinct. membrane-bound autoantigen is thought to induce developmental arrest and receptor editing in immature b cells, whereas mature b cells have shortened lifespans when exposed to the same stimulus. in this study, we used emu-bcl-2-22 transgenic (tg) mice to test the prediction that enforced expression of the bcl-2 apoptotic inhibitor in b cells would rescue mature, but not immature, b cells from tole ... | 1997 | 9348309 |
| fasciola hepatica infection in farmed emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | to describe two cases of infection with fasciola hepatica in young farmed emus, subacute and chronic fasciolosis and a response to treatment of the flock with albendazole. | 1997 | 9404615 |
| subclinical cyathostomiasis and unidentified helminthiasis in a juvenile emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). | the nematode cyathostoma variegatum (a lungworm) was present in the distal trachea and proximal bronchi of an 8-mo-old emu that was euthanatized after fracturing the left tibiotarsus. clinical signs of infection were not present prior to euthanasia and abnormalities were not noted on gross or histologic examination of the respiratory tract. the absence of respiratory signs in this and other emus underscores the need for routine fecal examinations to interrupt the inadvertent spread of this poten ... | 1997 | 9454939 |
| identification and characterization of heat shock protein 27 protein species in human myocardial two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns. | immunostaining of heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) protein species on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) gels with enhanced sensitivity yields 59 spots reacting with anti-hsp27 antibodies. recombinant hsp27 exists in 2-de as two major protein species which comigrate in the human myocardial pattern with hsp27 spots c754 and d899 as defined in the heart high-performance 2-de database (http://www.mdc-berlin.de/emu/heart/). preparative electrophoresis of human myocardial proteins and analysis of th ... | 1997 | 9504816 |
| the location of z- and w-linked marker genes and sequence on the homomorphic sex chromosomes of the ostrich and the emu. | perhaps the most striking fact about early cenozoic avian history some 70 million years ago was the rapid radiation of large, flightless, ground-living birds. it has been suggested that, for a time, there was active competition between these large terrestrial birds and the early mammals. probably reflecting the above noted early start of ratitae of the infraclass eoaves, the presumptive sex chromosomes of their present day survivors, such as the emu and the ostrich, largely remained homomorphic. ... | 1998 | 9539751 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of rhea americana and early avian divergences. | the complete mitochondrial dna, mtdna, molecule of the greater rhea, rhea americana, was sequenced. the size of the molecule is 16,710 nucleotides. the organization of the molecule conforms with that described for the chicken and the ostrich. it has been shown previously that relative to other vertebrates the nadh3 gene of the ostrich has an insertion of one nucleotide in position 174 of the gene. the same observation was made in the rhea and in the newly sequenced nadh3 gene of the emu, dromaiu ... | 1998 | 9608049 |
| the evolution of b precursor leukemia in the emu-ret mouse. | emu-ret mice carrying an rfp/ret fusion gene under the transcriptional control of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer develop b lineage leukemias/lymphomas. we have characterized b-cell development in these mice before the onset of clinical disease to determine the steps involved in leukemogenesis. flow cytometry reveals that the cd45r+cd43(+)cd24(+)bp-1(+) late pro-b-cell population is markedly expanded in the bone marrow of 3- to 5-week-old emu-ret mice. compared with late pro-b cells from ... | 1998 | 9639527 |
| monitoring ovarian function by the simultaneous time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay of two urinary steroid metabolites. | we report the development of a novel time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay utilizing two different assay strategies for the simultaneous measurement of estrone-3-glucuronide (eg) and pregnanediol-3alpha-glucuronide (pg) in samples of early morning urine (emu). the method for the measurement of eg involves the use of a labeled anti-idiotype as a surrogate antigen, whereas the other method (for the measurement of pg) is a regular competitive immunoassay using a labeled antigen. in addition, the p ... | 1998 | 9665432 |
| hair cell morphology and innervation in the basilar papilla of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). | the emu, being a member of the rather primitive bird group of the palaeognathid ratitae, may reveal primitives features of the avian basilar papilla. there are, however, no qualitative differences with the papillae of other birds such as the chicken or the starling. there are only quantitative differences in the continuous morphological gradients (such as hair cell height, stereovillar height) from neural to abneural, and from the base to the apex of the papilla. only few (about two in the emu) ... | 1998 | 9682814 |
| evaluation of a competitive elisa for detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus nucleoprotein. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) employing a baculovirus-expressed recombinant nucleoprotein and a monoclonal antibody was developed for the detection of antibodies to type a influenza virus nucleoprotein. the performance of the c-elisa was evaluated by testing 756 chickens, 1123 turkeys, 707 emus, and 1261 ostriches, for a total of 3847 serum samples. relative to the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test, the c-elisa had a sensitivity of 100% for all four species. the c- ... | 1998 | 9777152 |
| a draiii pcr/rflp in an intron of the emu lysosomal protective protein gene. | | 1998 | 9800337 |
| insertion of the igh locus 3' regulatory palindrome in expression vectors warrants sure and efficient expression in stable b cell transfectants. | we have explored the effect of inserting 3' immunoglobulin heavy chain (igh) locus transcriptional regulatory elements in stable expression vectors driven by a heavy chain variable gene promoter (pvh). a cassette was constructed, associating three enhancer elements from the palindromic part of the 3' igh regulatory region, namely calpha3'/hs3 reverse, alpha3'e/hs1-2, and hs3. as regard to stable expression, this cassette carried some features of a locus control region (lcr) and conferred express ... | 1998 | 9831663 |
| promotion of second intention wound healing by emu oil lotion: comparative results with furasin, polysporin, and cortisone. | previous studies showed that twice-daily application of emu oil lotion (mixture of emu oil/fat, vitamin e, and botanical oil) immediately after creation of full-thickness skin defects delayed wound healing 6 days later, perhaps owing to its antiinflammatory actions. if administration was delayed for 48 hours, a two-fold promotion of wound contraction, epithelialization, and infiltration of organized granulation tissue was observed. in the present study, emu oil lotion was applied to full-thickne ... | 1998 | 9858176 |
| cux/cdp homeoprotein is a component of nf-munr and represses the immunoglobulin heavy chain intronic enhancer by antagonizing the bright transcription activator. | nuclear matrix attachment regions (mars) flanking the immunoglobulin heavy chain intronic enhancer (emu) are the targets of the negative regulator, nf-munr, found in non-b and early pre-b cells. expression library screening with nf-munr binding sites yielded a cdna clone encoding an alternatively spliced form of the cux/cdp homeodomain protein. cux/cdp fulfills criteria required for nf-munr identity. it is expressed in non-b and early pre-b cells but not mature b cells. it binds to nf-munr bindi ... | 1999 | 9858552 |
| evaluation of the emu-pim-1 transgenic mouse model for short-term carcinogenicity testing. | the value of the chronic rodent carcinogenicity assay in adequately predicting cancer risk in humans has become a matter of debate over the past few years. therefore, more rapid and accurate alternative tests are urgently needed. transgenic mouse models, those harboring genetic changes that are relevant to the multistage cancer process, may provide such alternative tests. transgenic emu-pim-1 mice, developed by berns and coworkers in 1989, contain the pimn-1 oncogene, which is expressed at eleva ... | 1998 | 9864091 |
| evaluation of antibody responses of emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) to avian influenza virus infection. | emu antibody responses to avian influenza virus (aiv) infection were evaluated by the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa), agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests. all birds infected with aiv h5n1, h5n3, or h7n7 developed antinucleoprotein (np) antibodies as early as 7 days postinfection as detected by the c-elisa. the responses lasted 49 days for the emus receiving h5n3 and at least 56 days for emus receiving the other two viruses. by evalu ... | 1998 | 9876845 |
| consumers prefer unseasoned lean ground beef patties to patties made from turkey breast or emu. | | 1999 | 9972194 |
| differentially expressed transcripts in x-ray-induced lymphomas identified by dioxygenin-labeled differential display. | differential display is an easily applied method for comparing gene expression in a variety of systems. we used a nonradioactive differential display technique to analyze x-ray-induced lymphomas derived from emu-pim-1 transgenic and nontransgenic mice. fragments of 11 differentially regulated genes were identified, three of which are novel sequences. one of the cloned fragments contained sequences of a mouse vl30 retroelement that was significantly overexpressed in a subset of lymphomas as compa ... | 1999 | 10029408 |
| comparative hypocholesterolemic effects of five animal oils in cholesterol-fed rats. | the hypocholesterolemic efficacy of various animal oils was compared in rats given a cholesterol-enriched diet. after acclimatization for one week, male f344 ducrj rats (8 weeks of age) that had been fed with a conventional diet were assigned to diets containing 5% of oil from emu (dromaius), japanese sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis, heude), sardine, beef tallow, or lard with 0.5% cholesterol for 6 weeks. after this feeding period, the concentrations of serum total cholesterol and of very-low ... | 1999 | 10052143 |
| ectopic expression of prion protein (prp) in t lymphocytes or hepatocytes of prp knockout mice is insufficient to sustain prion replication. | the cellular form of the prion protein (prpc) is necessary for prion replication in mice. to determine whether it is also sufficient, we expressed prp under the control of various cell- or tissue-specific regulatory elements in prp knockout mice. the interferon regulatory factor-1 promoter/emu enhancer led to high prp levels in the spleen and low prp levels in the brain. following i.p. scrapie inoculation, high prion titers were found in the spleen but not in the brain at 2 weeks and 6 months, s ... | 1999 | 10097150 |
| ratite production as an agricultural enterprise. | the ratite industry remains in the market introduction stage of evolution; basic information on markets and production is limited. it is uncertain when, or perhaps whether, either the ostrich or emu industries will progress to the market growth stage. until significant expansion occurs, ratite operations are likely to be faced with low or even nonexistant profits. it is the authors' observation that the ostrich industry is making slow but significant progress toward introducing products into pot ... | 1998 | 10098232 |