| evidence for the presence of adrenocorticotropic and opiate-like hormones in the brains of two sea snakes, hydrophis cyanocinctus and lapemis hardwickii. | the brain acetone powders of the sea snakes hydrophis cyanocinctus and lapemis hardwickii were extracted with a mixture of acetone:water:hydrochloric acid (40:21:1 by volume) and the extracts were then added to a copious volume of acetone, in accordance with the method of c. h. li (1952, j. amer. chem. soc., 74, 2134) for preparing adrenocorticotropin and beta-endorphin from mammalian pituitaries. the resultant precipitate, designated acid acetone powder, possessed adrenocorticotropic activity a ... | 1986 | 2876927 |
| identification and funtional characterization of three postsynaptic short-chain neurotoxins from hydrophiinae, lapemis hardwickii gray. | three cdna clones, sn12, sn36 and sn160, encoding isoforms of postsynaptic short-chain neurotoxins, were cloned by screening a cdna library of the venom from hydrophiinae, lapemis hardwickii gray. the sequences of three cdna clones encoded proteins consisting of 60 amino acid residues. there was only one amino acid substitution among the three isoforms sn12, sn36 and sn160 at the position 46 of mature proteins, and they were pro(46), his(46) and arg(46), respectively. the three molecules were ex ... | 2001 | 12040423 |
| [fusion expression of pla2 gene from lapemis hardwickii in e. coli]. | the gene encoding pla2(pla2-9) from lapemis hardwickii gray venom was cloned to the 3' and of the thioredoxin gene (hp-trxa and trxa) in plasmid pthiohisc and ptrx to construct the pthiohisc-pla2, and ptrx-pla2 fusion expression vector. the fusion protein of pla2 can be expressed in the two different systems induced by iptg at 25 degrees c, but the expression level and the solubility of the fusion protein in ptrx were better than that in pthiohisc. the expressed product in the two systems were p ... | 2002 | 12557543 |
| recombinant lapemis hardwickii phospholipase a2 inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation stimulated by advanced glycation end products. | to observe the effects of recombinant lapemis hardwickii phospholipase a(2) (rpla(2)) on vascular smooth muscle cell (vsmc) proliferation stimulated by advanced glycation end products (ages). | 2003 | 12651230 |
| functional expression and characterization of a recombinant phospholipase a2 from sea snake lapemis hardwickii as a soluble protein in e. coli. | three full-length phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) cdnas from sea snake lapemis hardwickii venom were cloned and sequenced in our previous study. in order to investigate their biological functions, we established a fusion expression system for pla(2)-9 in e. coli. the open reading frame encoding mature peptide of pla(2)-9 was subcloned into the vector ptrx. the trx-pla(2)-9 fusion protein was expressed as a soluble protein by iptg induction at 23 degrees c. the fusion protein was purified with metal- ... | 2003 | 12727275 |
| [correlation of antitumor effect of recombinant sea snake basic phospholipase a2 to its enzymatic activity]. | snake venom phospolipase a2 (pla(2)), a large family of homologous (14 ku) soluble proteins, exerts diverse pharmacologic activities as well as enzymatic activities. so far, the structure and function of terrestrial snake pla(2), especially the relationship of its enzymatic and pharmacologic activities have been studied extensively, but the investigation of sea snake pla(2) are limited. this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of recombinant sea snake basic pla(2) ... | 2005 | 16351795 |
| identification and characterization of harobin, a novel fibrino(geno)lytic serine protease from a sea snake (lapemis hardwickii). | a gene encoding a novel serine protease designated as harobin is cloned and identified from a sea snake venom gland bacteriophage t7 library. it has 265 amino acids and shares 50-70% similarity to terrestrial snake serine proteases. in addition to the 12 conservative cys, it has three more cys residues that may contribute to its higher enzymatic stability. harobin is expressed in pichia pastoris and purified. recombinant harobin exhibits an amidolytic activity, and specifically degrades aalpha, ... | 2007 | 17544404 |
| the study on venom proteins of lapemis hardwickii by cdna phage display. | in this study, a cdna t7 phage display library was constructed from sea snake lapemis hardwickii venom gland mrna to analyze the components in venom and find new toxins. all the venom gland cdna-encoding proteins, including housekeeping proteins and venom proteins were expressed on the surface of bacteriophage t7. this library was then panned with rabbit anti-sea snake venom igg. phage particles displaying venom-components with interaction with the antibodies were enriched. thus, phage-carrying ... | 2011 | 21624446 |
| the effect of tryptophan modification on the structure and function of a sea snake neurotoxin. | a neurotoxin has been isolated from the venom of the sea snake lapemis hardwickii. this neurotoxin contains only one tryptophan residue which was chemically modified with two different reagents, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide and n-bromosuccinimide. following modification, the neurotoxin almost completely lost its acetylcholine receptor-binding activity. to examine the effect tryptophan modification had on the conformation of the neurotoxin, circular dichroic and raman spectra were taken of the ... | 2010 | 3917546 |
| a blastocystis species from the sea-snake, lapemis hardwickii (serpentes: hydrophiidae). | observations were made on blastocystis isolated from the sea-snake, lapemis hardwickii. exponential growth of the organism was observed between 2 and 4 days of culture. vacuolated, amoeboid and granular forms were observed in cultures, similar to b. hominis. the optimal growth temperature for the sea-snake blastocystis was 24 degrees c compared with 37 degrees c for b. hominis. the karyotypic patterns of b. hominis and the sea-snake blastocystis were studied in the clamped homogeneous electric f ... | 1991 | 1757201 |
| diversity of pla(2) genes from sea snake lapemis hardwickii gray venom. | three full-length cdna from lapemis hardwickii gray, (namely pla(2)-8, pla(2)-9 and pla(2)-384), encoding phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)), were isolated and sequenced. these cdna sequences were composed of 456 bp, 438 bp and 438 bp, encoding a signal peptide of 27 amino acids and a mature peptide of 125, 119 and 119 amino acids, respectively. the analysis results by computer indicated pla(2)-8, pla(2)-9and pla(2)-384 has a pi of ca. 4.8, 7.8 and 8.4, respectively. sequence analysis of amino acid and ... | 2001 | 12050798 |
| antivenom cross-neutralization of the venoms of hydrophis schistosus and hydrophis curtus, two common sea snakes in malaysian waters. | sea snake envenomation is a serious occupational hazard in tropical waters. in malaysia, the beaked sea snake (hydrophis schistosus, formerly known as enhydrina schistosa) and the spine-bellied sea snake (hydrophis curtus, formerly known as lapemis curtus or lapemis hardwickii) are two commonly encountered species. australian csl sea snake antivenom is the definitive treatment for sea snake envenomation; it is unfortunately extremely costly locally and is not widely available or adequately stock ... | 2015 | 25690691 |
| extremely low nerve growth facior (ngf) activity of sea snake (hydrophiidae) venoms. | sea snake venoms contain less protein than those of land snakes (toom et al., 1969). sea snake venoms lack arginine ester hydrolyzing activity, whereas those of crotalidae and viperidae have such activity (tu et al., 1966). sea snakes live in salty water, and their venoms may be different from those of land snakes. because of the difficulty in obtaining sea snake venoms, information about sea snake venoms is quite incomplete. ngf is commonly present in the venoms of land snakes such as elapidae, ... | 2002 | 12503884 |
| [hydrophidae identification through analysis on cytochrome c oxydase i（coi） and ribosome 16s rdna gene barcode]. | hydrophidae, one of the precious traditional chinese medicines, is generally drily preserved to prevent corruption, but it is hard to identify the species of hydrophidae through the appearance because of the change due to the drying process. the identification through analysis on gene barcode, a new technique in species identification, can avoid this problem. the gene barcodes of the 5 species of hydrophidae, lapemis hardwickii, hydrophis fasciatus, aipysurus eydouxii, hydrophis belcher and hydr ... | 2016 | 28895322 |
| [hydrophidae identification through analysis on cyt b gene barcode]. | hydrophidae, one of the precious traditional chinese medicines, is generally drily preserved to prevent corruption, but it is hard to identify the species of hydrophidae through the appearance because of the change due to the drying process. the identification through analysis on gene barcode, a new technique in species identification, can avoid the problem. the gene barcodes of the 6 species of hydrophidae like lapemis hardwickii were aquired through dna extraction and gene sequencing. these ba ... | 2015 | 26790288 |
| effects of recombinant sagartia rosea cytolysin and lapemis hardwickii phospholipase a2 on adventitial fibroblasts proliferation. | to observe the effects of recombinant sagartia rosea cytolysin (rsrc) and lapemis hardwickii phospholipase a2(rpla2) on adventitial fibroblasts proliferation. | 2004 | 14965815 |
| effectiveness of thai cobra (naja kaouthia) antivenom against sea snake (lapemis hardwickii) venom: verification by affinity purified f(ab')2 fragments. | commercial thai cobra (naja kaouthia) antivenom was found to be effective in neutralizing sea snake (lapemis hardwickii) venom. neurotoxin specific f(ab')2 fragments obtained from the antivenom by chromatography using thai cobra neurotoxin or sea snake venom affinity columns were able to neutralize both venoms. | 2001 | 11491464 |
| structure-function relationship of lapemis toxin: a synthetic approach. | the synthetic approach to the structure-function relationship of lapemis toxin has been very useful in clarifying the important binding regions. to identify the neurotoxic binding domain(s) of lapemis toxin, several peptides were synthesized using the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protocols. these peptides were based on the sequence of lapemis toxin, a 60-amino-acid, short-chain postsynaptic neurotoxin found in sea snake (lapemis hardwickii) venom. the peptides were purified using high-performance ... | 1991 | 1929436 |
| amino acid sequence of a snake neurotoxin from the venom of lapemis hardwickii and the detection of a sulfhydryl group by laser raman spectroscopy. | | 1977 | 891966 |
| laser raman scattering of neurotoxins isolated from the venoms of sea snakes lapemis hardwickii and enhydrina schistosa. | the venoms of sea snakes (family: hydrophiidae) contain potent neurotoxins which bind to the acetylcholine receptor in the neuromuscular junction. a major toxin was isolated from the venoms of the sea snakes lapemis hardwickii and enhydrina schistosa according to previously published methods. these pure toxins were studied by laser raman spectroscopy to elucidate further the structure-function relationship to the neurotoxin. spectra were obtained from the powder, aqueous solution, and deuterated ... | 1975 | 1112831 |
| gas transport and blood acid-base balance in diving sea snakes. | the values of hemoglobin concentration, hb-o2 affinity and buffering capacity of the blood of six sea snake species considerably overlap values from terrestrial squamates. decreased blood ph had little effect on the p50 but increased the n-value of hb-o2 equilibrium curves. the o2 saturation of blood in the dorsal aorta varied between about 30 and 70% during voluntary diving in acalyptophis peronii and lapemis hardwickii. voluntary dives ended when the lung pp02 was about 50 mm hg and the arteri ... | 1975 | 234502 |
| purification and chemical studies of a toxin from the venom of lapemis hardwickii (hardwick's sea snake). | | 1971 | 5554293 |
| avian and serpentine endogenous foamy viruses, and new insights into the macroevolutionary history of foamy viruses. | this study reports and characterises two novel distinct lineages of foamy viruses (fvs) in the forms of endogenous retroviruses (ervs). several closely related elements were found in the genome of oriental stork (ciconia boyciana) and other was found in the genome of spine-bellied sea snake (hydrophis hardwickii), designated erv-spuma.n-cbo (where 'n' runs from one to thirteen) and erv-spuma.1-hha, respectively. this discovery of avian and serpentine endogenous fvs adds snakes, and perhaps more ... | 2020 | 31942244 |
| a comparative analysis of the proteomes and biological activities of the venoms from two sea snakes, hydrophis curtus and hydrophis cyanocinctus, from hainan, china. | we characterized and compared the venom protein profiles of hydrophis curtus (synonyms: lapemis hardwickii, lapemis curtus and hydrophis hardwickii) and hydrophis cyanocinctus, the two representatives of medically important venomous sea snakes in chinese waters using proteomic approaches. a total of 47 and 38 putative toxins were identified in h. curtus venom (hcuv) and h. cyanocinctus venom (hcyv), respectively, and these toxins could be grouped into 15 functional categories, mainly proteinases ... | 2020 | 32871160 |
| venom proteome of spine-bellied sea snake (hydrophis curtus) from penang, malaysia: toxicity correlation, immunoprofiling and cross-neutralization by sea snake antivenom. | the venom proteome of hydrophis curtus (synonym: lapemis hardwickii) from penang, malaysia was investigated with nano-electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (esi-lcms/ms) of the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) venom fractions. thirty distinct protein forms were identified as toxins from ten families. the three major protein families were phospholipase a₂ (pla₂, 62.0% of total venom proteins), three-finger toxin (3ftx, 26.33%) and cystei ... | 2018 | 30583590 |